Do Estatuto da Cidade ao Estatuto da Metrópole:Desafios e entraves à efetivação da reforma urbana

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Do Estatuto da Cidade ao Estatuto da Metrópole:

George Luiz Rocha da Câmara *

Este artigo aborda – num rápido balanço do período aproximado de quinze anos, entre dois importantes marcos jurídicos: o Estatuto da Cidade, de 2001, e o Estatuto da efetivação da Reforma Urbana em nosso país 

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   

  

                                                   Os dois marcos          jurídico-legais       aqui tratados        chegam trazendo        expectativas e               esperanças, mas       também apreensões   e frustrações. Aqui,                   repete-se uma   importante lição:            na luta pela justiça,     não basta aprovar          a lei. Muitas vezes        a batalha pela sua        efetivação é ainda          maior                                                                       





               

CENSO

POP TOTAL

URBANA

%

RURAL

%

1960

70.992.343

32.004.817

45,1

38.987.526

54,9

1970

94.508.583

52.904.744

56,0

41.603.839

44,0

1980

121.150.573

82.013.375

67,7

39.137.198

32,3

1991

146.917.549

110.875.826

75,5

36.041.633

24,5

2000

169.590.693

137.755.550

81,2

31.835.143

18,8

2010

190.755.799

160.925.792

84,4

29.830.007

15,6

CENSO

BRASIL

NORTE

CO

SUL

SE

NE

1960

2.766

153

211

414

1.085

903

1970

3.952

195

254

717

1.410

1.376

1980

3.991

203

284

719

1.410

1.375

1991

4.491

298

379

873

1.432

1.509

2000

5.507

449

446

1.159

1.666

1.787

2010

5.565

449

466

1.188

1.668

1.794

                                    

                

dando origem ao que vemos hoje: amontoados urbanos desordenados

                                                                                       

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

      

                                           Não há como      enfrentar esse                 que é promover  reforma urbana no   Brasil se não se                              reforma jurídica       no país: a cidade e           a cidadania são o         mesmo tema, e não          há cidadania sem a             democratização das        formas de acesso     ao solo urbano e à        moradia nas cidades                                                                       





o papel do judiciário e do governo paulista no caso Pinheirinho (São José dos Campos, 2012)

                               

    

 

             

                                                             

                       





                                 

  



                      “Diferentemente  dos setores      populares, que  travam sua luta      democrática à luz         do dia, em campo  aberto, os inimigos           da Reforma     Urbana operam 

                                                                      muitas vezes          às escondidas,             utilizando                mecanismos nada  republicanos para         manter privilégios   e verdadeiras        fortunas”                                                                  



 

 

  

  

                                                                                                                                

* George Luiz Rocha da Câmara é vereador em Natal pelo Partido Comunista do Brasil, membro do Parlamento Comum da Região Metropolitana de Natal e Conselheiro Titular do Conselho Nacional das Cidades (CONCIDADES).

Notas A luta pelo direito. São Paulo: Martin Claret, 2002.

(1) SANTOS, Milton. A urbanização brasileira. 5ª ed. São Paulo: Edusp, 2005, p. 105.

(2) RIBEIRO, Luiz Cesar de Queiroz & SANTOS JÚNIOR, Orlando Alves dos. xões sobre o Estado de exceção nas metrópoles brasileiras. In: CASTRO, Erika de & WOJCIECHOWSKI, Maciej John (org.). Inclusão, colaboração e governança urbana: perspectivas brasileiras. Rio de Janeiro: Observatório das Metrópoles; Belo Horizonte: PUC/Minas, 2010, p. 47-49. único.

(4) Estatuto da Metrópole – Lei 13.089/2015, artigo 1º.

(5) RIBEIRO, Luiz Cesar de Queiroz; SANTOS JÚNIOR, Orlando Alves dos & RODRIGUES, Juciano Martins. Estatuto da Metrópole: o . Disponível em <www. observatoriodasmetropoles.net/estatuto-da-metropole-avancos(6) FERNANDES, Edésio. Do Código de 1916 ao Estatuto da Cidade: In: VALENÇA, Márcio Moraes (ed. / org.). Cidade (i)legal. Rio de Janeiro: Mauad X, 2008, p. 65.

(7) Idem, p. 59 e 60.

(8) CLEMENTINO, Maria do L. M. Inovação no desenho das relações intermunicipais: o pacto territorial. (org.). Cidades Brasileiras: atores, processos e gestão pública. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2007, p. 161 e 169.

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