COMENIUS MULTILATERAL PROJECT
G.R.E.E.N.
Food Chain Turkey, May 2014
„OCTAVIAN GOGA” NATIONAL COLLEGE SIBIU, ROMÂNIA
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication [communication] reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Acest proiect este finanţat cu ajutorul Comisiei Europene. Această comunicare reflectă numai punctul de vedere al autorilor, iar ANPCDEFP și Comisia Europeană nu sunt responsabile pentru eventuala utilizare a informațiilor pe care le conţine. Această broşură tematică a fost elaborată în contextul întâlnirii de proiect COMENIUS G.R.E.E.N ( Go Re-Educate Earth Now) nr. de referinţă COM 12-PM-1185 SB-TR, desfăşurată în perioada 25 mai- 1 iunie 2014 la Iskenderun Lisesi, Turcia
,,OCTAVIAN GOGA” NATIONAL COLLEGE SIBIU COMENIUS MULTILATERAL PROJECT G.R.E.E.N
Food Chain and Habitat Turkey, May 2014
What is a food chain? A food chain is “a sequence of organisms, each of which uses the next, lower member of the sequence as a food source�
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• The energy flow from one trophic level to the other is know as a food chain • A food chain is simple and direct • It involves one organism at each trophic level – Primary Consumers – eat autotrophs (producers) – Secondary Consumers – eat the primary consumers – Tertiary Consumers – eat the secondary consumers – Decomposers – bacteria and fungi that break down dead organisms and recycle the material back into the environment 5
• In a food chain, each organism obtains energy from the one at the level below. • Plants are called producers because they create their own food through photosynthesis • Animals are consumers because they cannot create their own food, they must eat plants or other animals to get the energy that they need.
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Food chain A food chain can be used to show what eats what.
The otter eats the fish.
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Food chain Food chains always start with a plant because they are producers. A food chain can only go in one direction.
The Hermit Crab eats the seaweed, the octopus eats the Hermit Crab. Zooplankton The sun Phytoplankton
Blue Whale
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Food chain The sun
Sea Otter
Phytoplankton
Octopus
Zooplankton
Crab
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In which direction should the arrows go? 10
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Producers Every living thing needs energy to survive. This energy is used for everything - growing, moving, even breathing. Plants get their energy from the sun. The green colour in their leaves helps them to capture this energy. Without autotrophs, there would be no life on this planet Ex. Plants and Algae 12
Seaweed
Primary Producers • Primary producers are “organisms capable of producing their own food4” • We can also say that they are photosynthetic, use light energy.
• Examples of primary producers include algae, phytoplankton, and large plants. • Primary producers are eaten by primary consumers (herbivores) 13
Primary Producers Marsh Mallow
Cattails http://www.nicerweb.com/doc/class/pix/PRAIRIE/2005_07_18/Typha_angustif olia.jpg
http://www.ncdot.org/doh/Operations/dp_chief_eng/roadside/wildflowerbook/graphics/images/pa ge14a.jpg
http://www.ontariowildflower.com/images/blueflag 2.jpg
Fern
Blue Flag Iris
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http://wisplants.uwsp.edu/scripts/detail.asp?SpCode=THEPA LvPUB
Heterotrophs/Consumers • Organisms that do not make their own food • Another term for Heterotroph is consumer because they consume other organisms in order to live • Ex. Rabbits, Deer, Mushrooms CLASSIFICATION: 1. Primary Consumers: Herbivores. 2. Secondary Consumers: Carnivores that eat herbivores. 3. Tertiary Consumers: Carnivores that eat other carnivores. 15
Herbivores: animals that eat only plants
Primary Consumers
Great Bittern - eats mostly Cattails, but also small insects
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Wood Duck eats seeds like those of the Swamp Marsh Mallow and Blue Flag Iris
Primary Consumers
http://dsf.chesco.org/ccparks/lib/ccparks/wood_duck_pair.jpg
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Glassy-winged Toothpick Grasshopper – eats leaves of plants like cattail and pickerelweed
http://bugguide.net/node/view/41662
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Primary Consumers
Secondary Consumers • Black Rat Snake eats eggs of animals like wood duck
http://www.bio.davidson.edu/projects/tate/Terms.htm
Carnivores: animals that eat only other animals 19
Secondary Consumers • Swamp Sparrow eats seeds but also insects like the toothpick grasshopper
http://www.jeaniron.ca/2007/SwampSparrow6645.jpg
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Tertiary Consumers Eat other animals in marsh including snake and sparrow Eastern Imperial Eagle
golden eagle
Omnivores: animals that eat animals and plants 21
Omnivore • Racoon eats seeds, fruits, insects, worms, fish, and frogs‌ and pretty much anything else they can get their paws on!
http://abouttitusville.com/BobPaty/Animals/images/Racoon.jpg
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Detritivore Worms are common detritivores in many ecosystems including marshes
Detritivore: Animals that eat dead materials and organic wastes 23
Food Web “is eaten by”, NOT “what ate what”
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Food Web
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Marine Food Webs
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Forest/Rainforest Webs
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Breaking the chain It is important that humans take care not to damage food chains and eat sustainably sourced food. Changes to the environment, caused by pollution or global warming can lead to certain animals becoming extinct, affecting lots of food chains. We should do everything we can to protect habitats, food chains and the animals which depend on them. 28
Food chain: mountain rivers
Green seaweed
Water snail
trout 29
Food chain: lowland rivers
Phytoplankton
pike 30
crustacean
Zooplankton
chub
Food chain: Danube
Phytoplankton
saker
tench
perch 31
Food chain: Black sea
seaweed
seagull 32
Sea worms
goby
Food chain: Fagus forest
fagus
squirrel
Brown bear
marten 33
Food chain: Spruce forest
spurce
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Capercaillie
fox
Energy Pyramids • An energy pyramid shows the amount of energy that moves from one trophic level to another in a food chain. • The most energy is available at the producer level of the pyramid. • The availability of energy decreases as it moves up the energy pyramid.
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Transfer of Energy • When a zebra eats the grass, it does not obtain all of the energy the grass has (much of it is not eaten) • When a lion eats a zebra, it does not get all of the energy from the zebra (much of it is lost as heat)
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Endangered species of Romania • Romania has a unique and high level of biodiversity and intact ecological systems • The Romanian national network of protected area includes: 3 biosphere reserves, 13 national parks, 14 nature parks, 5 Ramsar sites, 1 World Heritage sites, 2 geo-parks, many nature reserves, strict reserves, nature monuments and Nature 2000 sites.
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Endangered species in the Danube Delta • • • • •
Great white pelicans Beaver European kingfisher European pond turtle Sturgeon
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Endangered species in the Carpathian mountains
• • • • • •
Grey wolves Brown bear Black deer Eurasian lynx European bison European wildcat 40
Endangered species in the Carpathian mountains • • • • •
Edelweiss Bujor de munte Garofița Pietrei Craiului Snake's head Sângele voinicului
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• • • • • • 42
Other endangered species Wood Grouse Greater Spotted Eagle Red breasted geese The Great Bustard Dihorul pătat Egyptian Vulture
What is a biocenesis trophic structure composed of? Producers and consumers 16 Consumers 4
Descomposers
6 Producers, consumers and descomposer
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The most energy in the last link is being accumulated in 12 Short chains
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Diurnal chains 19
Nocturnal chains
Long chains
16 43
A typical food chain has 6
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6 links 3 - 5 links 2 links 1 – 6 links 65
The biggest mass in most of the trophic networks around the globe is represented by the Producers
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16 38 25
Primary consumers Secondary consumers Elephants
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The animals that hunt and eat other animals are called
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28 Omnivores Zoophages 11
Saprophytes 15
Consumers
In a food chain, the organic substances are passed form a spices to an other 17
17 In one way In two ways
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In three ways
In more ways
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The first link of a food chain is represented by
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On a heap of earth there sat a fly Having a snack until a frog stopped by And opened its mouth so the fly could get in Do the big ones in this world always win?
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The joyful frog jumped in the river But at the sight of a fish it started to quiver The fish opened its mouth and the frog got in Do the big ones in this world always win?
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The fish was still hungry and wanted a snack So it went looking and found an insect But the insect was on a hook and oh, did it hurt
Out of the river by a man it was reeled in Do the big ones in this world always win? 52
While eating the fish the man choked He died and laid there Till he became a pile of earth
And flies came by to lay eggs within It seems that in this world the big ones don't always win. 53
A project made by the students: Săuchea Andreea-documentation Giupană Coleta-translations Fechete Ioana- presentations, evaluation Under the guidance of following teachers: Stanciu Melinda- paintings Headmistress: Laura Florentina Dumitru Alexandra Tischer – project coordinator Elena Maria Gabos- documentation, translations Nicoleta Crăciunaş - documentation Nemeş Delia - documentation Diana Chirilă- editing, media Bibliography: www. Wikipedia.com, http://www.vtaide.com, Google Images, http://www.enchantedlearning.com, studies from the National Environment Agency etc
Our works on the project themes can be found on www.futuregreeners.com 54
Our works on the project themes can be found on www.futuregreeners.com