Pollution final common comenius green by Tischer

COMENIUS MULTILATERAL PROJECT GO RE-EDUCATE EARTH NOW G.R.E.E.N 2012 – 2014

www.futuregreeners.com

THE POLLUTION

THE ENVIRONMENT Pollution Recycling Clean Technology Global Warming Food Chain- Habitat

Indoor and outdoor pullution ď&#x201A;&#x2014; Environmental pollution is one of the most important issues in

the world today. Environmental pollution includes outdoor pollution and indoor pollution. For many decades the scientists have been studied outdoor pollution. This area of interest includes the pollution of ambient air, the pollution of water, soil, housing, the effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, wastes. ď&#x201A;&#x2014; The indoor environment has several aspects that are of importance. One aspect is linked to the chemical pollution of the indoor air. Other aspects can be linked to the biological con-tamination of air and surfaces, or to radiation pollution of indoor air linked especially to the presence of radon and radon daughter.

CLASSIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS On the basis of existence in nature

a) Quantitative Pollutants- The substances which are already present in the environment, but are termed as pollutants when their concentration (quantity) increases in the environment. eg. CO2 is present in the environment in greater quantity than normal and is hence termed as a quantitative pollutant. b) Qualitative pollutant- The substances which are not normally present in the environment and are added by human beings and are pollutants by nature. Eg. insecticides, pesticides

On the basis of the form in which they persist

a) Primary Pollutants- The substances which are directly emitted from the source and remain in that form are termed as primary pollutants eg, smoke, fumes, ash, dust, nitric oxide and sulphur dioxide b) Secondary pollutants- The substances which are formed by chemical reaction between the primary pollutants and constituents of the environment (i.e. those which are already present in the environment) eg. smog, ozone, sulphur trioxide, nitrogen dioxide.

On the basis of disposal

a) Bio-degradable pollutants- the pollutants which are decomposed by natural processes eg. domestic (municipal) sewage. b) Non bio-degradable pollutants- The pollutants which donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t decompose naturally or decompose slowly eg. DDT, aluminum cans.

Physical pollutants:  radioactive deposits  water used in nuclear plants  radioactive waste  hot liquid from cooling of industrial installations or of the thermo

and power stations

Chemical pollutants  Mercury  Nitrates  Cadmium  Lead  Hydrocarbons  Pesticides  Insecticides  Fungicides

Biological pollutants ď&#x201A;&#x2014; pathogenic micro-organisms ď&#x201A;&#x2014; fermenting organic substances

 Accidental leakage of waste from factories and deliberate    

discharges of pollutants Spills of petroleum products Pesticides and weed killers managed in agricultural work which moves through soil to groundwater Discharges from slaughterhouses Household waste and residues

 Deposition of atmospheric pollutants, acid rain  Salt sprinkled on roads in winter, which is carried through the

ground by rain water and melted snow

• Chemical pollution of aquatic ecosystem • Contamination of vegetables and fruit • Destruction of the microbial flora

● The most affected environmental impact factor in some cases, is the ground water. ● According to statistics, in Romania 35.70% of surface water is classified as Category I drinking water, 46.30% class II-polluted water and 18.05% class III water is degraded, unusable . two underground sources: Steaza and springs Paltinis ● Two sources of surface: dam catchment: River mouth and Sadu

● Water affects human health both in quantity and in quality. ● Lack of sufficient water often leads to intermittent its distribution, which entails creating negative phase network, accompanied by a pipe penetration in outside dirt, water contamination and encourage the spread of epidemic diseases.

Sources of Water Pollution • • • • • • • •

Waste products from factories Waste from sewage system Waste from power plants Waste from underground coalmines Waste from oil wells Waste from ships The pesticides Fertilizers

A piece of paper disappears in 2 weeks, a piece of clothe in 1-5 months, rope within a year, a piece of painted wood in 13 years, a boat in 100 years, an aluminium box in 250 years, a plastic bottle in 450 years. (Helmepa, 1990; Anonim, 1997).

Losses of water pollution â&#x20AC;˘ Chemical substances and organic compounds cause the decrease oxygen in the water. This causes the death of creatures in the water

Polluted Water  70 % of industrialized countries pour their waste water into sewage, 90 % pour directly to the water sources.  1 liter waste water pollutes 8 liters clean water.  If this pollution goes on like that, 70 % of the fields of agriculture will turn to the desert.  Polluted water causes some illness for the people. For example, the pesticides and chemical substances from the fuel cause cancer; and the metals like lead (plumbum/Pb) causes our nervous system to get worse.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Earth has a skin, and the skin has diseases, one of these diseases is called man.â&#x20AC;? Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

Soil is a dynamic system performing functions vital for the survival of terrestrial ecosystems interacting with human activities. As an interface between earth, air and water, soil is a non-renewable source composed of mineral particles, organic matter, water, air and living organisms

â&#x20AC;˘On Earth, land represents 38% of the total area, with the following distribution:

• Four Main causes of land pollution – Construction – Agriculture – Domestic waste – Industrial waste

•

Plastiklerin kaynağı ham petrol, gaz ve kömürdür. Plastiğin genelde ana kaynağı petrol rafinerisinden arta kalan maddelerdir. Dünyada üretilen toplam petrolün sadece %4 ü plastik üretimi için kullanılmaktadır. Bazı plastikler , doğada 700 yıl bozulmadan kalabilmektedir. Suyun toprağın kirlenmesine neden olmaktadır. Sulardaki canlılara zarar vermekte ve hatta ölümlerine neden olmaktadır

•

Domestic Waste •

•

Industrial Waste • Plastics factories, chemical plants, oil • Plastiklerin kaynağı ham petrol, gaz ve kömürdür. Plastiğin genelde ana kaynağı petrol rafinerisinden refineries, nuclear waste disposal activity, arta kalan maddelerdir. Dünyada üretilen toplam petrolün sadece %4 ü plastik üretimi için large animal farms, coal-fired power kullanılmaktadır. Bazı plastiklerproduction , doğada 700 yıl bozulmadan plants,• metals factories and kalabilmektedir. Suyun toprağın kirlenmesine neden olmaktadır. Sulardaki canlılara zarar vermekte ve land other heavy industryies all cause hatta ölümlerine neden olmaktadır pollution

Consequences of Soil Pollution • • • •

Land pollution exterminates wild life Acid rain• kills trees, other plants and harms animals. Plastiklerin kaynağı ham petrol, gaz ve kömürdür. Plastiğinwhich genelde ana kaynağı petrol rafinerisinden The vegetation provides food is destroyed. arta kalan maddelerdir. Dünyada üretilen toplam Land pollution can seriously petrolün sadece %4 ü plastikdisrupt üretimi için the ecology of the environment, and can cause human fatalities. kullanılmaktadır. • Bazı plastikler , doğada 700 yıl bozulmadan • Pesticides can damage crops; kill vegetation; and kalabilmektedir. Suyun toprağın kirlenmesine neden poison animals, such as birds, bees and fish. Most olmaktadır. Sulardaki canlılara zarar vermekte ve pesticides hatta kill ölümlerine or damage life forms other than those neden olmaktadır intended. For example, pesticides used in an effort to control or destroy undesirable vegetation and insects often destroy birds and other small animals.

•

Methods of combating soil pollution  The development of an ecological agriculture  Afforestation and restoration in agriculture  The adoption of new technologies in agriculture  The control of potentially polluting activities  Reuse and Recycle  More Biodegradable Products and Packaging  Bringing in stiffer penalties for polluters will encourage both

companies and individuals to act more responsibly.  Environmentally Aware Management of Nature

When we use any elecrtical instrument at home more than we need, it means we burn an extra shovel of coal. It means we pollute the sea, it means we pollute the air, it means we pollute the soil, it means we pollute the environment, it means we cause global warming, it means we cause some animal species be vanished. İt means we cause people to be ill, especially cancer.

www.futuregreeners.com Sustainable Development Sewage System

Solid waste Management World Conservation strategy

Energy conservation HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT Pollution control

Water Resources

Biodiversity conservation

Environmental Laws

Rain water Harvesting

AIR POLLUTION

What is air pollution?  the presence of foreign

substances that cause disorders in the natural balance, affecting human health and comfort  Urban air pollution= SMOG

Causes  The main substances:

-sulphuric pollutants, absorbents, hydrocarbons, nitrogen compounds, mineral pollutants, radioactive substances, bacterial dust  Carbon dioxide is the most spread - 60% come from vehicles that use gasoline or diesel fuel  Sulphur dioxide-the most harmful substance in the air

Industrial pollution

 the main pollutant on a

worldwide scale

 due to industrial development

hardly biodegradable wastedetergents, pesticides, radioactive waste appeared

 industrial gases pollute the

atmosphere with different toxic substances

 electricity-producing industry,

metallurgical, chemical and building materials

makes dirty ? What

When you burn fossil and fuel! The Industry!

the earth Releasing carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere

Cars! leaking refrigerator equipment

Deforestation!

Spray cans

General effects of air pollution: 1. The Greenhouse Effect  occurs because the heat is

trapped at the Earth surface.

 in our century average global

temperatures will increase by half a degree

 scientists expect that by the end

of the next century, temperatures will increase by 1,5-4,5 degrees

 can produce extreme natural

phenomena

2. Holes in the ozone layer  The ozone layer retains the

ultraviolet rays from sun;

 Large quantities of ultraviolet

radiations lead to adverse biological effects: increase in cancer cases, inhibition of cereal crops

 chemicals released by humans

destroy ozone molecules;

3. Acid rain  Sulphur dioxide or nitrogen

oxides mix in the atmosphere with water steam

Before

 Destroys plants and animals

and pollutes water

 Extensive forest areas have

disappeared as a result of acid rain

 Reaching out in the lakes or

rivers, it kills the smallest organisms

After

4. Smog  A mixture of solid or liquid

fog and smoke particles formed when moisture is increased  It reduces natural visibility and often irritates the eyes and respiratory tract  Causes thousands of deaths annually  Photochemical smog toxic yellow-coloured mist

Dust and smoke particles cause irritation of the respiratory tract and produce bronchitis, asthma and other lung diseases.

HAVE YOU EVER THOUGHT ABOUT THIS? ď&#x201A;&#x2014; Air Pollution: The smoke from fireworks consists mainly of fine

toxic dusts (particulate matter) that can easily enter the lungs. This represents a real threat for people with asthma or multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS). Additionally, in this time where the issues of climate change and global warming are being presented with a sense of urgency, we need to be concerned about the greenhouse gases fireworks produce, which include Carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone.

Recommendations • We should use public transportation and consume less fuel. • We should choose to walk or bike to places within walking distance of transport, • We should stop our vehicles when it is not needed. • We should switch off the lights and electrical instruments when it is not necessary • We should use clean energy (wind, geothermal, solar energy) instead of using fossil fuel. Governments have to invest on them. • We should inform people for protection of the environment. • Buildings must be insulated. • People must be supported to use natural gas. • Nuclear and thermal power plants should be closed. • The forests must be protected. More trees must be planted • Filters must be installed on all industrial chimneys • All countries must be forced to sign «the KYOTO PROTOCOLE»

KYOTO PROTOCOLE The Kyoto Protocol, to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), sets binding obligations on industrialised countries to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.

Noise pollution

Noise pollution It is excessive or displeasing noise that may disrupt the activity or balance of human or animal life. Outdoor noise is summarized by the word environmental noise: airport noise, concert noise etc. Poor urban planning may give rise to noise pollution, since side-by-side industrial and residential buildings can result in noise pollution in the residential areas. Indoor noise is caused by machines, building activities, music performances and especially in some workplaces.

Sibiu airport

Noise Pollution Noise is defined as the perceived noise nuisance measured in decibel. Road transport, air transport and industry are the main sources of noise.

Sources of noise pollution • Construction noise • Industrial noise • Aircraft noise • Railway noise • Road traffic noise

Methods of noise protection We distinguish: Active noise protection & passive noise protection Measures at the sound source and at the location of immission For example: ▪ noise protection windows ▪ quiet mowers or shredders ▪ building noise barriers ▪ noise protection of industrial plants ▪ ban on night flights ▪ use of more quiet cars

TURKEY HATAY

AIR POLLUTION IN ISKENDERUN

ed M The

nS a e an r r e it

The well-known pollutant in İskenderun

İskenderun Steel and Iron Factory

Some of the pollutants in İskenderun

A Termal Power Plant

Olive Oil Factory

The Cement Factory

The Fertilizer Factory

Thermal power plants are built by the sea because the sea water is used to cool them. Using sea water to cool thermal power plants makes the sea warmer. This unusual heat affects the metabolism of creatures in the sea and restricting them. The heat also causes the decrease the oxygen in the sea water. The heat quickens the biological activity. The warm water causes the plants to grow quicker and causes smell and taste problems. It may even cause death in the aquatic environment.

 Some chemical substances are used to eliminate the

microorganisms in the sea water, which is used to cool the thermal power plant. When the sea water is released, these chemical substances cause water pollution. In addition to these negative effects, the smoke going throughout the chimneys causes acid rain, that changes the water Ph.  Keeping the ash of the burned coal is also a problem for

the environment.

 If there are no filters on chimneys, the ash is a pollution

source of the air.

 Co, Cd, Zn, Cu etc, harmful metal substances for

creatures are subside on the forests, farms etc. and may affect all living creatures in negative way.

 Because people have been using the fossil fuel, CO2 has been

released to the atmosphere. The amount of CO2 increased 1,3 times in the last century.  The CO2 which caused the greenhouse effect has increased the

temperature of the earth 0,7 centigrade degree approximately. When the heat increases 3 centigrade degrees, this heat will cause the ice on the poles to melt.

 People should explore and use clean technology for our future.

Sugözü thermal power plant, far from İskenderun nearly 30 KMS, burns 12.000 tones of coal per day. And soon it will 20.000, because it has almost been enlarged.

The people in İskenderun do not want thermal power plants

This picture was taken in Erzin, 30 km away from İskenderun, on January 2, 2011

When you look at that picture carefully, you will see that the oranges under the leaves are not damaged. Others are damaged because of the acid rain. 09/08/14

5 basic pollutants for air quality o(PM10) particulate matter o(CO) carbon monoxide o(SO2) sulfur dioxide o(NO2) nitrogen dioxide o(O3)

ozone

The Index of Weather Quality

Clean weather consists of 78 % nitrogen, 21 % oxigen, 1 % others.

The Weather Quality of İskenderun PM10 particulate matter

The normal degree is between 70 and 109. In January, it passed three times at 3, 8 and 9 p.m. the normal degree.

The Weather Quality of Ä°skenderun O3 Ozone

The normal degree of ozone is between 90 and 179 . In January, The highest point is 60. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s better.

The Weather Quality of Ä°skenderun CO Carbon monoxide

The normal degree is between 8 and 10,9. In January, at nine oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;clock, It was 4000. It is nearly 400 times worse. It is because the heating system, I think.

The Weather Quality of İskenderun NO2 Nitrogen dioxide

The normal degree is between 90 and 179 degree . In January, It was 45 the maximum. It’s the best.

The Weather Quality of İskenderun SO2 Sulfur dioxide

The normal degree is between 200 and 400. In January, the maximum point was 85 degrees. It’s better.

The Weather Quality of İskenderun CO

2012 January

2013 January Unfortunately, on the point of pollution, because İskenderun is an industrial city, it is 9th city to have the worst weather in Turkey.

The pollutants and effects on our health

Water Problems of İskenderun • Tap water of İskenderun is provided from 30 wells. • Because the pipe system is nearly 70 years old, there are more than 70 % of loss of water. The laborers dig more than 200 times per month to repair the cracks. So, Tap water is undrinkable in İskenderun. • The municipality has already started to renew the pipe system. It is going to be completed a year later. Water is going to be brought from a dam which is 101 kms away.

Polluted Water

Water Pollution of İskenderun The water which has almost been brought from the dam will be refined in the water treatment plant which has almost been built and cost nearly 7.500.000 Euros. The total cost is nearly 55.000.000 Euros. The tap water will be able to be drunk 12-14 months later.

The İskenderun Bay

The İskenderun bay is 2275 km2. It has 95 km 3 sea water. It consists of the Mediterranean Sea. The depth is between 20-100 meters. Some investigators (Sarıhan and his friends) made an experiment. They wanted to see what how much metal will be mixed in the sea water from scoria (it is leftover after you take the iron from the rocks)used in İskenderun Steel and Iron Factory. Here are the results:

By means of this experiment they proved that the sea water of İskenderun Bay is polluted. Especially, on the point of Fe and Cd. They declared that İskenderun Bay has the 4th class of sea water.

Water Pollution of İskenderun A Spanish ship was sunk with 2.200 tones toxic waste in İskenderun Bay in 2004. Most of people did not eat fish for 5 or 6 years. That ship is still under the water at a depth of 40 meters. And it is still polluting our sea. When it pollutes the İskenderun Bay, It means it pollutes the entire the Mediterranean and the oceans.

A Study made about İskenderun Bay

• This study was conducted in İskenderun Bay, Mediterranean Sea, between December 1994 and November 1996. Systematic of the fish species inhabiting the bay were examined. Out of 145 species of 111 genera of 67 families there were 19 species belonging to the Chondrictyes and 126 species belonging to the Osteictyes. Of all these species, 22 were Lessepsian migrant fish species

Another Study of İskenderun Bay

A study (by Tamer Akkan) showed that the future of İskenderun Bay looks frustrating. In his study, he collected samples from three different places through the sea water to work on «bacterias isolation»

Consequences of the study • A great quantity of waste water from both homes and industrial enterprises is poured into the sea without refined. • He found too much Cadmium and Cooper in the sea water. • He showed that the sea water has waste from the hospitals.

Recommendations The waste of the towns, especially waste of hospitals, the industrial enterprises around the Bay mustn’t be allowed to be poured into the sea water.

Soil pollution in İskenderun •

•

İskenderun Solid Waste Union • • • • • • •

27 municipalities came together and founded «the Solid Waste Union» in 2004. Their aim is to collect all solid waste in the same place, recycle them and • unwanted Plastiklerin kaynağı hamalso petrol, gaz ve waste. kömürdür. exterminate waste and medical Plastiğin genelde kaynağıplant petrolone rafinerisinden They have a company build aana recycling of which is the biggest one arta kalan maddelerdir. Dünyada üretilen toplam in Turkey. petrolün sadece %4 ü plastik üretimi için Compost is going to be made from home waste; medical waste is going to be kullanılmaktadır. exterminated; paper, glass, metal, etc. are going to be classified and sent to • Bazı plastikler , doğada 700 yıl bozulmadan be recycled. kalabilmektedir. Suyun toprağın kirlenmesine neden Electricity is going to beSulardaki produced from the waste in future. olmaktadır. canlılara zarar vermekte ve This companyhatta has ölümlerine almost turned the places, where waste materials were neden olmaktadır put, into green areas This company collected 74.348 tones of waste materials in 2010 74.326 tones of waste materials in 2011 75.146 tones of waste materials in 2012, from only İskendeun.

Germany Gummersbach

o Germany normally has sufficient water supplies for

drinking water

o But again the water is threatened by pollution. o Consumers and the industries are both to blame. o 130 liters of water a day. o Only 4% of drinking water used for cooking and drinking o Bulk flows through taps & washing machines

Waste separation in Germany

to divide garbage into different groups separated garbage is reusable Waste separation in: apartment buildings,

dormitories, public places (such as train stations, airports) Specific rules

ď&#x201A;&#x2014;have four bins:

one,

a grey a yellow one, a green one, a brown one, also yellow bags

ď&#x201A;&#x2014;Separate disposar:

deposit bottles, batteries and power packs, bulky waste and electrical appliances

Rom창nia Sibiu

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The air quality check, performed by daily measurements carried out in three fixed points, showed Sibiu as an area with low pollution levels. The monthly and yearly averages for the monitored pollutants (SO2, Nox, powders) do not exceed the admissible values. In Sibiu there are no major industrial air pollutantsâ&#x20AC;?. ACCORDING TO: LOCAL AGENDA 21 -Local Plan for Sustainable Development of Sibiu Municipality

The main source of air pollution in Sibiu is the road traffic. Direct influence of air pollution on human health is the body changes that occur in persons exposed as a result of their contact with various air pollutants. We can say that in general the health of the population Sibiu is not adversely affected by environmental factor air condition. In urban areas with high population density and high traffic levels in particulate matter and sediments somewhat influence people especially infant susceptibility to contracting infectious and allergic respiratory diseases. Bad effects: ď&#x201A;&#x2014;big cities or dense urban agglomerations are the most affected ď&#x201A;&#x2014;vehicles with combustion engine represent a pollutant that is becoming more and more significant ď&#x201A;&#x2014;burning fuel gives off smoke, which disperses when released in the atmosphere

Air is the environmental factor which is the fastest stand favoring transport of pollutants in the environment. ● Air pollution is caused by air emissions from stationary sources and mobile sources (road traffic) mainly in large cities, as well as the long distance transport of pollutants. • Sibiu is still facing pollution due to emissions from businesses, and traffic, more intense, especially transit traffic. This area is considered by institutions from this point of view one of the cities with an average degree of pollution in the country. •Mediaş product is subject to human impact traffic and to the economic activities on the Industrial Platform in Medias. •The major pollution sources in the county are Sometra and Copsa Mică. Due to its frequent concentrations of Pb, Cd and Zn, total alert threshold determined in various data collection points are directly influenced by these companies.

Air quality is measured with 4 automatic air monitoring stations in key areas Sibiu county. ● Station 1 - Sibiu EN-SB-1 ● Station 2 - Sibiu EN-SB-2 ● Station 3 - Copsa Mica EN-SB-3 ● Station 4 - Medias EN-SB-4 Pollutants: ● Carbon dioxide ● Carbon Monoxide ● Heavy metals: •Lead * Cadmium * Nickel * Arsenic * Benzene

 non-polluting technologies The use of less polluting means of transport Massive educational campaigns and ecological projects  recovery and use of waste substances; Tree-planting campaigns Volunteering projects State involvement: laws, financial support, monitoring Environmental NGOs

The most important types of soil pollution officially investigated are:  Soil pollution (degradation) by mining and quarry activities;  Pollution caused by ponds, mining dumps, non-complying landfills;  Pollution produced by inorganic residues and waste (minerals, inorganic material, metals, salts, acids, alkalis);  Pollution caused by substances carried by the air – hydrocarbons, ammonia, sulphur dioxide, chlorides, fluorides, nitrogen oxides, lead compounds;  Pollution caused by salted waters from petroleum extraction, petroleum pollution.

● The administrative area of Sibiu is 543,248 ha. The main land is agricultural land and vegetation forest. The date surveys have been undertaken on soil pollution in Copsa Mica,

Medias from which we obtained a series of results showing the seriousness of the pollution by heavy metals and its effects on agricultural and forestry land and indirect effect on biological systems. The urban waste is a problem of present interest, taking into consideration

the potential health and environmental hazard. Studies at Sibiu county level revealed a series of results showing that the

phenomenon of heavy metal pollution is extended to a relatively large surface. Analytical results revealed the following: points most affected are those in the vicinity of the site, as you increase the distance from the point of generation, the pollutant emission load with heavy metals decreases . due to historical pollution, improving the soil quality requires a very long time, physical effort and great financial investments

According to several environmental studies, Copsa Mica is not only the most polluted city in Romania, but also the most polluted in Europe. Copsa Mica is one of the sites with the highest degree of heavy metal pollution in Romania, the whole area being well known on national and international level for the ecological lack of balance due to the a non-ferrous smelter plant which uses ecological hazardous technologies: Sometra. Copsa Mica was one of Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most polluted towns in the 1990s and remains the most polluted town in Romania to this day. Two factories Carbosin that produced carbon black and Sometra, a non-ferrous metallurgical smelter were behind this pollution. Carbosin shut down in 1993 but the smelter is still operational.

ď&#x201A;&#x2014;

SOMETRA SA is a private company and is specialized in the production of zinc and lead mining recovery from concentrate and other metals that are in focus, namely cadmium, bismunt, antimony, copper, gold and silver.

The plant currently occupies an area of over 36 hectares and together with slag dump, about 55 ha.

Effects on health Potentially affected people: 5,189 Out of 2,972 people tested in the area, 1,570 showed symptoms of lead poisoning. Newborn children have twice the safe levels of lead in their bodies. Since 1983, 2,000 people have been hospitalized for lead poisoning. A few patients have been paralyzed because their brains were full of lead. 96% of children aged between two and 14 have chronic bronchitis and respiratory problems. The life expectancy in this town is nine years below the national average of 63 years. There is widespread lung disease, the highest infant mortality rate in Europe, lead poisoning, reduced lung function, and neurobehavioral problems. The health risk from the smelter is considered so high by the government that the retirement age is 45, compared to 62 years nationally.

Attitude! We don’t abandon hope. The MOVIE at the International Film Festival “Document. Art” Copsa Mica- The Story of Hope “We are in the most dreadful place on Earth! A God-forgotten place, one of the most polluted… At least this is what one would have said about Copsa Mica. I will bring to your attention a changed city. A new perspective of what was once called the most polluted towns in Europe…” this is what Andem promises in the film. What is more left to say about a city that seems to have told its story, especially when our sense of history has diminished? The modern eye only sees the remains of a disastrous industry and the ruins that marked Copsa Mica as a city with no chance. There are just a few notes that tell that Copsa Mica was a beautiful settlement just like any other 600 years ago. The film was produced in 2008, in 9 months, with a low budget and had as main goal the rediscovery of Europe’s darkest city.

Sources of pollution for rural area (ACCORDING TO THE MINISTERY OF ENIVIRONMENT and SUSTAINABLE DVELOPMENT):

 discharges of waste water from the human settlements and the livestock

sector  agricultural activities (pollutants difficult for identification)  contamination with nitrates (pollution has a cumulative character), with phosphates, chemicals used for soil fertilization.

CONCLUSIONS OF THE STUDIES  Current situation of water services and infrastructure has a negative impact on quality of life in rural areas and on economic development of these areas.  Development and improvement of rural infrastructure are needed (basic physical infrastructure – especially streets/rural roads, water supply and sewage/waste water treatment, energy and gas/heating supply)

ď&#x201A;&#x2014; Transportation is the main cause of noise pollution in Sibiu, due to

increasing urban and transit traffic. The city inhabitants are exposed to the noise generated by land and aerial traffic. During the programme of monitoring the noise pollution, systematic measurements have been carried out at different hours and periods of the year in areas with the most intense traffic. In all six monitored crossings the limits of A. A. C. were exceeded. ď&#x201A;&#x2014; Other noise pollution sources, identified during 2002, include the small enterprises that work within residential areas and the refreshment units.

Hungary Aszod

Amount of garbage a Hungarian throws out/year

~500 kg

Hunagaryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s waste emissions/year

~5million t

On a normal school day ~49 kg

~17900 kg rubbish/year

~122 kg for a student/teacher

Mostly: Paper Plastic bottles Food leftover

In a Hunagrian household

Italy Varaese

Our pollution

Milanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s airport

Malpensa

Linate

Airport pollution Airport pollution is due to:

ď Ź

arrivals (approach, taxi)

ď Ź

departures (taxi out, take off, climb out)

Malpensa Aircraft

Malpensa's aircraft are responsible for:



14.3% of carbon dioxide emissions



10% of emissions of nitrogen oxides



7.7% of hydrocarbon emissions



5% of the emissions of carbon monoxide

Other pollutants of Malpensa At malpensa during the day there are other pollutants, and they are: parking, central heating, central technology, ground support and refueling. The percentages of these factors pollutants are: 

15.6% of carbon dioxide emissions



13.6% of the emissions of nitrogen oxides



8.8% of hydrocarbon emissions



7.4% of the emissions of carbon monoxide

Vareseâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Traffic

â&#x20AC;˘ Every year to solve the problem of pollution in biggest cities are organized anti-pollution days, closing major roads to traffic. â&#x20AC;˘ From first January 2013 Varese has joined an antipollution program consists of four Sundays that only authorized vehicles can circulate in areas of the city

Varese lake

The rate of pollution of Varese lake is very high, due to the industries that discharge polluting liquids and for this reason is prohibited bathing. But in recent years the problem is declining due to more stringent regulations relating to anti-pollution.

Milanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s pollution is the causes about 550 dead every year.

CO2 emissions from vehicles expressed in gCO2/ km

1995

2000

2005

2010

2012

Auto petrol

181,9

176,4

170,1

160,6

158,9

Diesel auto

185,1

174,4

163,2

153,1

151,3

In the table we can see that with the renewal of vehicles in recent years has decreased the emission of CO2

Atmosphere Pollution in PROVINC

E OF VARESE

In province of Varese air pollution, which integrates emissions and discharges, has formed a distinction between three areas: Critical areas. Areas of improvement. Areas of maintenance. In the province of Varese there is also a clean zone A (most polluted area) and a clean zone type B (area for ozone pollution). Specifically, in the province of Varese are two most critical areas identified: A critical area of â&#x20AC;&#x2039;247,796 inhabitants reside here in supraThe territory of Italy where they live 82,282 people.

The emission in the Province Of Varese SO2

NOX

Sulfur

Volatile organic Oxide compounds

dioxide

COV

CH4

CO2

N2 O

NH3

PM10

Metan

Carbon monoxid e

Carbon

dioxide

Nitrous oxide

Ammonia

Fine

Industrial combustion

2,267

4,92 3

224

4,911

1,668

Use of solvents

0.0

16,795

Road transport

199

7,28 1

5,847

218

35,935

1,338

126

189

550

Waste disposal

129

32,42 2

128

Farming

1,794

121

875

Spain Granada

The cement plant emitting pollutants in C贸rdoba

Cosmos Group expects the company can burn up to 26,100 tons per year of used tires, 14,200 tons of plastics, 54,500 sewage sludge and 43,500 mixed municipal waste. This way, you can replace petroleum coke now employing these materials. One of the main problems of burning waste in cement, as all incineration systems, is the emission of heavy metals and products of incomplete combustion, including dioxins, furans, and a long list of organic compounds.

Worse air quality in Cordoba A recent report reflects the poor air quality in the province of Cordoba. The situation is not better in the city. In Andalusia, Córdoba’s air is among the worst air people can breathe when taking into account the levels of particulate matter (PM10) and ozone which were recorded last year.

The tree overcutting remains in Baena (A village of C贸rdoba) The tree overcutting remains a constant in Baena. The last issue was a big logging. It had many more years than the building it was in. It was totally healthy.

Endangered species in C贸rdoba Black Stork: In Andalusia there are 108 specimens. In C贸rdoba there have been seen 28. Golden Eagle: There are 586 eagles fixed in Andalusian census, of which 65 couples are living in our province. Bonelli's eagle: In Cordoba, 76 specimens inhabit fields. In Andalusia, 649. Common Hawk: There are 9 couples in C贸rdoba and 448 specimens in the region. Black vulture: The province recorded 26 pairs of the 234 ones existing in Andalusia.

Sustainability in C贸rdoba

Pools of the South of Córdoba Declared Nature Reserves in 1989 for their special position as wintering and migratory bird nesting. Pools are six: Zóñar, Salobral, Jarales, Amarga, Tíscar and Rincó. Laguna de Los Jarales is characterized as the smallest of all. Species: cranes, flamingos, swans, shelducks and pochards.

Natural Park Carde単a-Montoro It has an area of 38,449 hectares. It is located east of the province, in the county of Los Pedroches. It includes the municipalities of Carde単a and Montoro and is bathed by the waters of the river Mares. Its landscape consists of meadows and Mediterranean forests.