The Manchester Ship Canal by Atiqah Aidi

Table of Contents

Table of Contents Page

Part I: Prologue Contested Peripheries A non-manifesto Affordability

by Robert Hyde by Orestis Kyriakides

1 2

The Manchester Ship Canal by Orestis Kyriakides

Oceanic Gateway

by Constantinos Papaioannou, Eraklida Nicolaou and Orestis Kyriakides

Demographics Population Change by Emma Bricet Industry by Carlson Jean Charles Ethnicity by Carlson Jean Charles Traveller Communities by Carlson Jean Charles Politics by Ellie Shouer and Patrick Cronin

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal History Timeline by Atiqah Nabilah Bi Aidi Rosli Historic Maps by Melissa Haniff

6 7

Climate Temperature by Chris Trundle Rainfall by Chris Trundle Prevailing Wind by Aidi Affendi Kusim Sun Path by Aidi Affendi Kusim

9 10 11 15

Geology by Atiqah Nabilah Bi Aidi Rosli

Page 79 85 89 90 91 93

Part III: Individual Projects by Katie Williams

106

Transient Forms of Dwelling

by Carlson Jean Charles

106

Big meets Small

by Melissa Haniff

106

Exploring Waste

by Marium El-Sayed

107

Control, Order and Spontaneity

by Ellie Shouer

107

Revealing the hegemony of the materialisation of place

by Patrick Cronin

107

Architectural activism

by Constantinos Papaioannou

108

Access to Housing

Topography Contours by Nur Lyana Wanis Bi Salehuddin Flood Plains by Zuben Markanday and Ron Graham

41 43

Land Use Programmatic Analysis by Nicholas Dunlop, Christian Wren and Aida Rodriguez-Vega Forests by Nicholas Dunlop, Christian Wren and Aida Rodriguez-Vega Farms by Nicholas Dunlop, Christian Wren and Aida Rodriguez-Vega Green Belt by Katie Williams Landfills by Nicholas Dunlop, Christian Wren and Aida Rodriguez-Vega Types of Industry by Nicholas Dunlop, Christian Wren and Aida Rodriguez-Vega

45 47 49 51 53 55

Mobility of Materiality

by Nur Lyana Wanis Bi Salehuddin

109

Accelerating Decay

by Chris Trundle

110

Trafford into Post-industrial shift

by Eraklida Nicolaou

110

Infrastructure Railway Plan by Marium El-Sayed Roads by Nicholas Dunlop, Christian Wren and Aida Rodriguez-Vega Cycle routes by Marium El-Sayed Footpaths by Marium El-Sayed Communications by Nicholas Dunlop, Christian Wren and Aida Rodriguez-Vega Water Infrastructure by Aidi Affendi Kusim

Heterogenous Network

by Aidi Affendi Kusim

111

57 59 61 63 65 67

Energy Errors and Conflicts

by Carmelia Paramasivan

111

Peel

Shipping World Shipping Map Cargo Ship/ Boat/ Vessel Typologies

by Carmelia Paramasivan by Carmelia Paramasivan by Carmelia Paramasivan

71 72 73

Heritage Conservation areas Listed Buildings

by Katie Williams by Katie Williams

75 77

Industrial Remains

by Orestis Kyriakides

111

by Atiqah Nabilah Bi Aidi Rosli

112

by Emma Bricet

112

Radical Imaginary - a trigger to regain control in Salford

Part IV: Sources

114

Part I: Prologue

¥ Social progress not just technological development ¥ Utopia as a polemic not a place

Part I: Prologue_ Contested Peripheries

¥ Understanding drivers of growth and decay A non-manifesto

¥ Legislative and regulatory frameworks as cultural

documents thatone drive and dictate space isact as the basis for future editing and Our beliefs and approaches towards architecture could be illustrated by the following document, this non-manifesto. This was written by Robert Hyde, of Contested Peripheries how tutor and should perceived is shaped constant reviewing. It has the potential to be a fluid document in which everyone from the unit can amend it. As a result it is deliberately describedand as a non-manifesto.

Affordability The theme for this academic year (2013-2014) is “Affordability”. This goes beyond the notion of affordable housing or purely economic directions. A definition for “Affordability” is presented below, a definition that was used in the introductory presentation by the Contested Peripheries team. Each student, with the aid of various and diverse readings can interpret and address this theme in any way s/he sees appropriate.

¥ Testing existing structures [policy, briefs etc] to their absolute limits to reveal latent potentials + opportunities [not just problem solving]

¥ Mapping and documenting peripheral space to NON-MANIFESTO

NON-MANIFESTO [Currently] WE BELIEVE IN: [Currently] WE BELIEVE IN:

understand context beyond form allowing strategic positions to be arrived at to inform change

¥ Understanding the banal and ordinary so that unique situations can be identified addressed and made manifest

¥ Social progress not just technological development ¥ Fully understanding infrastructure - both visible ¥ Social progress not just technological development ¥ Utopia as a polemic not a place [physical] and invisible [socio-cultural economic] ¥ Utopia as a polemic not a place ¥ and Creating trans-disciplinary collaborations and ¥ Understanding drivers of growth decay engagements – however unlikely ¥ Understanding drivers of growth and decay ¥ Legislative and regulatory frameworks as cultural ¥ Maximising ALL available means to produce new documents that drive and dictate how space is possibilities ¥ Legislative and regulatory frameworks as cultural perceived and is shaped

documents that drive and dictate how space is perceived and is shaped ¥ Questioning as there may be ¥ Testing existing structures [policy, briefs the etc]question to that negate addressing a perceived their absolute limits to reveal opportunities latent potentials problem ¥ Testing existing structures [policy, briefs etc][not to just problem solving] + opportunities their absolute limits to reveal latent potentials + opportunities [not just problem solving] ¥ The space answer my not always be a building ¥ Mapping and documenting peripheral to understand context beyond form allowing strategic ¥ Mapping and documenting peripheral space to Operating at any level positions to be arrived at to ¥inform change understand context beyond form allowing strategic o Small, Medium, Large and XLarge Scale positions to be arrived at to inform change o Short, ¥ Understanding the banal and ordinary so thatMedium, unique Long, XLong term/distance situations can be identified addressed and made ¥ Understanding the banal and ordinary so that unique ¥ 'Anything Goes' as long as you can justify it manifest situations can be identified addressed and made [through research] – we are Style, Scale, Form, manifest Programme, Location, technologically Neutral ¥ Fully understanding infrastructure - both visible

An affordance is the yield or potential yield of actions, meanings, and affects in the complementary relationship between the world with its objects and the intentions, perceptions and capabilities of a person or a group. T. Rosenberg, in: The Design Dictionary, ed. by M. Erhloff and T. Marshall (2008)

[physical] and invisible [socio-cultural economic]

¥ Fully understanding infrastructure - both visible [physical] and invisible [socio-cultural economic] ¥ Creating trans-disciplinary collaborations and engagements – however unlikely ¥ Creating trans-disciplinary collaborations and engagements – however unlikely ¥ Maximising ALL available means to produce new possibilities ¥ Maximising ALL available means to produce new possibilities ¥ Questioning the question as there may be

opportunities that negate addressing a perceived

¥ Questioning the question as there may be problem 1

opportunities that negate addressing a perceived problem ¥ The answer my not always be a building

Part I: Prologue_ The Manchester Ship Canal An Introduction

The Manchester Ship Canal is a 58km long inland waterway that links Manchester with the Irish Sea following a route that starts from Salford in Manchester, cutting across Warrington, flowing under the iconic bridge of Runcorn and finally merging with River Mersey in Liverpool. However, the reason our unit is studying this site is not because of the variations in landscape and iconic infrastructure. These elements are merely the means to discover the hidden forces that shaped the Ship Canal and its adjacent areas and the forces that will continue to shape it. In fact, the Ship Canal itself was the reaction of Mancunian traders in the period of the 1873 Long depression. Currently we are facing a new depression and the Ship Canal is about to change again, under the Oceanic Gateway project. History seems to be repeating itself. It seems that even though the tangible elements of the site are constantly changing, the internal forces embedded in the site are not. Our aim is to map and decode both the hard and soft data of the site through group work and individual projects.

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ History

THE MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL Timeline Historical timeline

Historic Maps_ 1807

1660

Mersey Estuary in the west to Manchester in the east was first proposed.

1734

“Moderate sized” boats begun to exist and are are able to make journeys to the Irish Sea.

1776

Completion of Runcorn extension of the Bridgewater Canal & the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in 1830

1844

Ownership of the Mersey & Irwell Navigation was transferred to the Bridgewater Trustees, and was sold to Bridgewater Navigation

1870s

The start of a period known as the Long Depression. The dues charged by the Port of Liverpool and the railway charges from there to Manchester

1880s

Daniel Adamson, a leading local industrialist, formed the Manchester Ship Canal Company in 1882 in Didsbury. Fulton’s idea of designing for a tidal canal, wit`h no locks and a deepened channel into Manchester.

The canal itself, proposed as a direct route for shipping vessels to Manchester, opened in 1894 and cost about £15m.

1890s

The ship canal was finally flooded in November 1893, and opened for traffic from 1st January 1894.

After six years in the making, with an average workforce of 12,000 navvies and almost 200 steam trains hauling 6,000 wagons, the final cost of the project totalled more than £15 million, equivalent today to approximately £1½ billion.

Queen Victoria officially opened the canal on 21st May. The Manchester Ship Canal enabled the newly created Port of Manchester to become Britain’s third-busiest port, despite the city being about 40 miles (64 km) inland.

Late 1890s

In late 1898 the Manchester City, at 7,698 gross tons, became the largest vessel to reach the terminal docks. Carrying cattle and general cargo, it was met by the Lord Mayor of Manchester and a large welcoming crowd.

1960s - 1980s

In 1968 Manchester Liners converted its fleet to container vessels only. To service them it built two dedicated container terminals next to No. 9 Dock.

The limitations imposed by the canal on the maximum size of container vessel meant that by the mid-1970s Manchester Liners was becoming uncompetitive; the company sold its last ship in 1985.

The Manchester Ship Canal was never nationalised. In Salford City Council used a derelict land grant to purchase the docks at Salford from the Ship Canal Company, rebranding the area as Salford Quays.

Junction of canal and River Irwell

Woden Street Bridge, Salford

Bridgewater Canal

Pomona Docks

Manchester Metrolink

Trafford Road

Trafford Road Swing Bridge

Railway swing bridge (removed to Salford Quays)

Salford Quays

Millennium Bridge

MediaCityUK Swing Bridge

Mode Wheel Locks

Centenary Lift Bridge

Barton Swing Aqueduct

Barton Swing Bridge

Thirlmere Aqueduct (buried pipeline)

M60 motorway Barton High Level Bridge

Barton Locks

Irlam Locks

Irlam Container Terminal

Manchester to Liverpool line

River Mersey joins canal route

Cadishead Railway Viaduct (disused)

Warburton Bridge

River Mersey leaves canal route

M6 motorway Thelwall Viaduct

Latchford Locks

Woolston Guard Weir

Woolston Siphon Weir

Latchford Railway Viaduct

Knutsford Road Swing Bridge

Cantilever High Level Bridge

Howley Weir

London Road A49 Swing Bridge

Walton Lock (closed)

Chester Road Swing Bridge

Acton Grange Railway Viaduct

Moore Lane Swing Bridge

Old Quay Swing Bridge

Old Quay Side Lock (closed)

Silver Jubilee Bridge

Runcorn Railway Bridge

Bridgewater Canal junction (blocked)

Runcorn Docks

Bridgewater Side Lock (closed)

Delamere Lock Weaver Navigation

Weston Mersey Side Lock (closed)

Weston Marsh Lock Weaver Navigation

Weaver Sluices

Shropshire Union Canal

Eastham Locks

Mersey estuary

Showing the early history of Navigation, Construction, Financing and Operational History till present day. Showing the early history of Navigation, Construction, Financing and Operational History till present day.

1990s - Present

The Ship Canal Company was acquired by Peel Holdings; as of 2011 it is owned and operated by Peel Ports, which also owns the Port of Liverpool.

The company announced a £50 billion Atlantic Gateway plan in 2011 to develop the Port of Liverpool and the Manchester Ship Canal as a way of combating increasing road congestion.

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ History

Historic Maps_ 1817

Historic Maps_ 1870

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Climate

Temperature

Rainfall

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Prevailing Wind Wind Direction General wind direction

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Prevailing Wind Wind Analysis_ Specific Sites

New Brighton / Wallasey

New Allerton / Mossley Hill

New Widness

Flixton

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Sun Path Sun path and orientation_ January Sunrise : 128* Sunset : 233* Length of the day : 7 hours 56 minutes

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Sun Path Sun path and orientation_ February Sunrise : 117* Sunset : 243* Length of the day : 9 hours 11 minutes

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Sun Path Sun path and orientation_ March Sunrise : 101* Sunset : 259* Length of the day : 10 hours 55 minutes

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Sun Path Sun path and orientation_ April Sunrise : 82* Sunset : 279* Length of the day : 12 hours 58 minutes

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Sun Path Sun path and orientation_ May Sunrise : 64* Sunset : 296* Length of the day : 14 hours 51 minutes

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Sun Path Sun path and orientation_ June Sunrise : 52* Sunset : 309* Length of the day : 16 hours 19 minutes

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Sun Path Sun path and orientation_ July Sunrise : 50* Sunset : 310* Length of the day : 16 hours 33 minutes

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Sun Path Sun path and orientation_ August Sunrise : 59* Sunset : 301* Length of the day : 15 hours 23 minutes

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Sun Path Sun path and orientation_ September Sunrise : 76* Sunset : 284* Length of the day : 13 hours 33 minutes

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Sun Path Sun path and orientation_ October Sunrise : 94* Sunset : 266* Length of the day : 13 hours 33 minutes

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Sun Path Sun path and orientation_ November Sunrise : 113* Sunset : 247* Length of the day : 9 hours 39 minutes

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Sun Path Sun path and orientation_ December Sunrise : 125* Sunset : 234* Length of the day : 8 hours 10 minutes

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_Geology

KM 39

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Topography Contours

KM 41

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Topography Flood Plains

KM 43

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Land Use Programmatic Analysis

KM 45

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Land Use Forests

KM 47

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Land Use Farms

KM 49

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Land Use Green Belt

KM 51

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Land Use Landfills

KM 53

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Land Use Types of Industry

KM 55

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Infrastructure Railway Plan

KM 57

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Infrastructure Roads

KM 59

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Infrastructure Cycle Routes

KM 61

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Infrastructure Footpaths

KM 63

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Infrastructure Communications

KM 65

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Infrastructure Water Infrastructure Ports, Locks and Docks

[1] Queen Elizabeth II Dock

[2] Eastham Locks

[3] Runcorn

[4] Silver jubilee Bridge Runcorn-Widness Railway Bridge

[5] Old Quay Swing Bridge

[6] Moore Lane Swing Bridge

[7] Acton Grange Railway

[8] Chester Road Swing

[9] Stockton Heath Swing Bridge

[14] Rixton and Warburton

[15] Cadishead Railway

[16] Manchester to Liverpool Line Rail Bridge

[17] Irlam Locks

[18] Barton Locks

[19] Barton High Level Bridge

[20] Barton Swing Aquaduct

[21] Centerany Lift Bridge

[22] Mode Wheel Locks

[10] Latchford Swing Bridge

[23] Manchester Dry Docks

[11] Knutsford Road Swing

[24] Salford Quays

[12] Latchford Railway

[25] Trafford Road Swing Bridge

[13] Latchford Locks

[26] Pomona Docks

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Shipping

World Shipping Map

Cargo

Imports and Exports from Liverpool Port

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Shipping Ship/ Boat/ Vessel Typologies

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Heritage Conservation Areas

KM 75

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Heritage Listed Buildings

KM 77

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Oceanic Gateway Peel Group_ Oceanic Gateway Projects Oceanic Gateway proposes 50 projects across three themes in order to â&#x20AC;&#x153;regenerate the areaâ&#x20AC;?. The Peel Group owns most of the land - however, finding precise ownership details about it is a difficult task, as like it is usually the case with Peel, which only allows a number of data to go public.

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Oceanic Gateway Project Description

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Demographics Population Change Evolution of the population of the main areas of the Manchester Ship Canal from 2001 to 2021

All Usual Residents Aged 16 to 74 in Employment

ockport

All Usual Residents Aged 16 to 74 in Employment

irral Wirral

efton Sefton

verpool Liverpool

nowsley Knowsley

alton Halton

. Helens St. Helens heshire West Cheshire West nd Chester and Chester

arrington Warrington

igan Wigan

alford Salford

afford Trafford

anchester Manchester

Stockport

heshire EastCheshire East egion

Total Total

All White All White

All Mixed All Mixed

All Asian All Asian

All Black All Black

All Arab All Arab

Stockport

Manchester

Cheshire East Stockport

Trafford Manchester

Salford Cheshire East

Wigan Trafford

Warrington Salford

Cheshire West and Chester Wigan

St. Helens Warrington

Halton Cheshire West and Chester

Knowsley St. Helens

Liverpool Halton

Sefton Knowsley

Wirral Liverpool

All Usual Residents

Sefton

Wirral

U Activities of Extraterritorial Organisations and Bodies

T Activities of Households as Employers; Undifferentiated Goods - and Services - Producing Activities of Households for Own Use

R,S Arts, Entertainment and Recreation; Other Service Activities

U Activities of Extraterritorial Organisations and Bodies Q Human Health and Social Work Activities

R,S Arts, Entertainment and Recreation; Other Service Activities O Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory Social Security T Activities of Households as Employers; Undifferentiated Goods - and Services - Producing Activities of Households for Own Use P Education

Q Human Health and Social Work Activities N Administrative and Support Service Activities

P Education M Professional, ScientiďŹ c and Technical Activities

O Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory Social Security L Real Estate Activities

N Administrative and Support Service Activities K Financial and Insurance Activities

M Professional, ScientiďŹ c and Technical Activities J Information and Communication

L Real Estate Activities I Accommodation and Food Service Activities

J Information and Communication G Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motor Cycles K Financial and Insurance Activities H Transport and Storage

H Transport and Storage E Water Supply; Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities I Accommodation and Food Service Activities F Construction

F Construction C18, 31, 32 Manufacturing; Other G Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motor Cycles D Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply

C18, 31, 32 Manufacturing; Other C19-22 Manufacturing; Chemicals, Chemical Products, Rubber and Plastic D Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply C23-25 Manufacturing; Low Tech E Water Supply; Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities C26-30 Manufacturing; High Tech

C23-25 Manufacturing; Low Tech C13-15 Manufacturing; Textiles, Wearing Apparel and Leather and Related Products C26-30 Manufacturing; High Tech C16,17 Manufacturing; Wood, Paper and Paper Products

C16,17 Manufacturing; Wood, Paper and Paper Products C Manufacturing C19-22 Manufacturing; Chemicals, Chemical Products, Rubber and Plastic C10-12 Manufacturing; Food, Beverages and Tobacco

C10-12 Manufacturing; Food, Beverages and Tobacco A Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing C13-15 Manufacturing; Textiles, Wearing Apparel and Leather and Related Products B Mining and Quarrying

C Manufacturing Total Employment

B Mining and Quarrying

A Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing

ndustry by

Total Employment

NDUSTRYINDUSTRY BY REGION BY I R REGION Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Demographics Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Demographics

ETHNICITY ETHNICITY BY REGION BY REGION

Ethinicity by Region

All Usual Residents

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Demographics Traveller Communities Gypsy and Traveller Caravans_ January 2013

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Politics

Political Change over Time

South of the Canal

North of the Canal

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal_ Politics Political Change over Time

100

101

102

103

104

Part III: Individual Projects 105

106

Part III: Individual Projects

Access to Housing by Katie Williams The fundamental right to housing is explored through the financial barriers and opportunities that are available, and what impact this has on where people live. As Port Warrington is proposed by Peel Ports to create many new jobs in the town, the pressure on the housing stock will increase. I will look into the provision of housing, and specifically affordable housing to examine how the less financially able are catered for.

Control, Order and Spontaneity by Ellie Shouer The project looks into the idea of urban spontaneity and the concept of affordability as ‘the peripheries of the possible’. In order to do so, I will explore and map the aspects of control within certain areas - surveillance, policy, physical and police order - in order to unravel places and spaces of opportunities

Newer better

Transient Forms of Dwelling by Carlson Jean Charles This project looks at the various transient forms of dwelling along the Manchester Ship Canal. The infrastructure required to facilitate this transient lifestyle as well as the various timescales involved will be crucial elements of this study. Traveler communities as well as boat dwellers will be the initial focus with other forms of transient dwelling to follow.

With consumerism increasing and global markets growing, we see products beautifully presented but are left unaware of the process of ‘where do products go?’ An exploration into the waste industry by Marium El-Sayed Big meets Small by Melissa Haniff

107

How architecture can influence business collaborations in order to improve the local economies of Warrington North and South. I am interested in the economic disparity between the North and South of the Manchester Ship Canal in Warrington. Using the Atlantic Gateway project as a physical barrier, I aim to bridge the economic gap by connecting local and national businesses across the canal in order to benefit both the corporate and local industries

Revealing the hegemony of the materialisation of place by Patrick Cronin An investigation of the hegemonic underpinnings of emerging forms of placespecific planning policy around Manchester Ship Canal

108

Part III: Individual Projects

Architectural Activism by Constantinos Papaioannou The aim of the project is to detect and map, all the existing controversies, debates and tensions along the Manchester ship canal, and identify what is contested and why. All the disputes, in one way or the other are connected to altering the environment, either in terms of building in a greenbelt, pollution, traffic etc. Besides that, affordability will be examined, in the terms of to what extend can be afforded to “sacrifice” a part of the environment, or whether it should be left untouched, and this can be achieved by looking it from different perspectives. In order to understand these perspectives, the forces acting on that area are identified, the most significant being Peel cooperation, which owns most of the land, is well-organized and has a master plan for transforming the Manchester ship canal, the local communities that are directly affected, which act individually with no organization amongst them, and other actors such as the local councils and other international and national organizations. By investigating the lack of organization between the community groups, an organizational model can be suggested, which will make their protest more effective and efficient. This model can be enhanced by the “design activism” which refers to how the designer or architect using his skills can assist this protest movement, either by designing protest artifacts, organizing events etc. The overall proposal will not only question to what extend we can afford to alter the environment, but also provide a methodology that can be used in similar cases of contested peripheries around the globe.

109

110

Part III: Individual Projects

CONTESTED PERIPJERIES AIDI AFFENDI KUSIM

Accelerating Decay by Chris Trundle

The understanding of the heterogenous networks along the geographical test ground of Manchester Ship Canal by linking and mapping the configuration of the urban physical components and the operational principles of infrastructures, juxtapositioning them {with P the circulatory system of the Canal.

Exploring accelerating growth within the area through the Atlantic Gateway proposal. Does growth fuelled by capitalist interest and incentives necessarily relay into development at a social level or simply strengthen a divide between global and local activities.

Trafford into Post-industrial shift by Eraklida Nicolaou The project is looking at Manchester Ship Canal and more specifically at Trafford and Trafford Park as a test ground of a contested periphery subjected to post-industrial strategies.

111

Peel by Orestis Kyriakides

Through the site analysis the aim is to examine how the different typologies can localise global networks and what types of infrastructure are used, from market structures to transport connections, multi-functional services and the circulation of goods.

Energy Errors

Analysing Trafford Park in terms of history, physical configuration, social and cultural relationships, future plans and key sites, the aim of the project is to create productive local contribution opposed to the frontier zone of an enormous market economy.

Using the petrol station typology, discussions on energy and alternative methods are explored

and

Conflicts:

alternative

programs

subversions of energy structures and their networks.

and

by Carmelia Paramasivan

The Oceanic Gateway project is only a glimpse of how the Peel Group is changing the urban fabric as the Peel Group seems to be a vital factor in the development of projects not only in the UK, but worldwide as well. I am interested in investigating the way The Peel Group and the man behind it â&#x20AC;&#x201C; John Whittaker â&#x20AC;&#x201C; can influence the built environment in a variety of scales. My research has the form of a chain reaction as a certain topic leads me inevitably to the next and so on. I am drifting through time, space and scales in an attempt to connect the dots, understand the issue in depth and make realistic proposals for a more democratic urbanism. 112

Part III: Individual Projects

CONTESTED PERIPHERIES ATIQAH NABILAHCONTESTED AIDI ROSLIPERIPHERIES ATIQAH NABILAH AIDI ROSLI Industrial Remains by Atiqah Nabilah Bi Aidi Rosli Radical Imaginary - a trigger to regain control in Salford by Emma Bricet Radical imaginary is an unestablished imaginary but with a possible future physical reality. Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m going to map the actual imaginary on Salford and work in partnership with the radical imaginary, in order to institute new realities.

Considering the setbacks of Industrial Remains along the geographical context of Manchester Ship setbacksoutofpathways, Industrialsources Remainsand along the geographical Canal byConsidering layering andthemapping receptors in order to context counterof Manchester Ship Canal bycontamination layering and mapping out pathways, sources and receptors in order to counter in accordance to remediation contamination in accordance to remediation 113

Part IV: Sources 114

Part IV: Sources

Part I: Prologue

Land Use

Contested Peripheries

Programmatic Analysis Google Maps. 2013. Google Maps. [ONLINE] Available at: https://maps.google.co.uk/maps?hl=en&tab=wl. [Accessed 2 November 2013].

A non-manifesto Hyde Robert. 2013. Non-manifesto. Presented in Contested Peripheries Tutorial on the 9th of November 2013

Affordability

T. Rosenberg, in: The Design Dictionary, ed. by M. Erhloff and T. Marshall (2008) cited in Doucet I., Minuchin L. and Hyde R. 2013. Contested Peripheries 13-14.[Lecture at the Manchester School of Architecture]

Forests European Environment Agency’s home page — European Environment Agency (EEA) . 2013. European Environment Agency’s home page — European Environment Agency (EEA) . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.eea.europa.eu/. [Accessed 2 November 2013].

History

Farms Great Britain’s national mapping authority | Ordnance Survey. 2013. Great Britain’s national mapping authority | Ordnance Survey. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/. [Accessed 3 November 2013]. Landfills Environment Agency - Home. 2013. Environment Agency - Home. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/. [Accessed 2 November 2013].

Timeline Manchester Ship Canal. 2013. Manchester Ship Canal. [ONLINE] Available at: http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/m.dodge/mappingmanchester/leech/Manchester_Ship_Canal.html. [Accessed 11 November 2013].

Types of Industry Environment Agency - Home. 2013. Environment Agency - Home. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/. [Accessed 2 November 2013].

The Way We Were: Manchester Ship Canal - How Ship Canal opened the floodgates of the Industrial Revolution - Manchester Evening News. 2013. The Way We Were: Manchester Ship Canal - How Ship Canal opened the floodgates of the Industrial Revolution - Manchester Evening News. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/nostalgia/way-were-manchester-ship-canal-1330447. [Accessed 11 November 2013]. Historic Maps Antique Maps. 2013. Antique Maps of Cheshire [Online] Available at: http://www.antiquemaps.com/maps/bc/cheshire/ [Acessed on 12 November 2013]

Infrastructure

Part II: The Manchester Ship Canal

Climate Temperature Weather and climate change - Met Office. 2013. Weather and climate change - Met Office. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/. [Accessed 10 November 2013]. Rainfall Weather and climate change - Met Office. 2013. Weather and climate change - Met Office. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/. [Accessed 10 November 2013]. Prevailing Wind Oliver König, Jonas Kaufmann, 1999. Windfinder - wind, wave & weather reports, forecasts & statistics worldwide. [online] Available at: http://www.windfinder.com [Accessed 5 November 2013] James Cox, 2013. Wind Speed for United Kingdom and Ireland. [online] Available at: http://www.bigsalty.co.uk [Accessed 5 November 2013] Sun Path Vladimir Agafonkin, 2009. Astronomy Answers Formulae. [online] Available at: http://www.suncalc.net [Accessed 3 November 2013] Geology Digimap. 2013. Digimap. [ONLINE] Available at: http://digimap.edina.ac.uk. [Accessed 11 November 2013]. Topography Contours Digimap Home Page. 2013. Digimap Home Page. [ONLINE] Available at: http://digimap.edina.ac.uk/roam/os. [Accessed 14 November 2013]. Flood Plains Environment Agency - Home. 2013. Environment Agency - Home. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/. [Accessed 3 November 2013]. 115

Railway Plan OpenStreetMap. 2013. OpenStreetMap. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=5/51.500/-0.100. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. Roads OpenStreetMap. 2013. OpenStreetMap. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=5/51.500/-0.100. [Accessed 23 November 2013]. Cycle routes OpenStreetMap. 2013. OpenStreetMap. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=5/51.500/-0.100. [Accessed 23 November 2013].

Footpaths OpenStreetMap. 2013. OpenStreetMap. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=5/51.500/-0.100. [Accessed 23 November 2013]. Communications Ofcom. 2013. Ofcom. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ofcom.org.uk/. [Accessed 3 November 2013]. Fon - Find Fon Hotspots Worldwide. 2013. Fon - Find Fon Hotspots Worldwide. [ONLINE] Available at: http://maps.fon.com/. [Accessed 3 November 2013]. Water Infrastructure Google Maps. 2013. Google Maps. [ONLINE] Available at: https://maps.google.co.uk/maps?hl=en&tab=wl. [Accessed 2 November 2013]. Shipping Renewable Energy UK. [online]. Available at: http://www.renewables-map.co.uk/default.asp?Status=1 [Accessed: November 2013] The Manchester Ship Canal. [online]. Available at: http://peelports.co.uk/port-authorities/manchester-ship-canal [Accessed November 2013] How much bigger can container ships get?. [online]. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21432226 [Accessed November 2013] Table PORT0430. [spreadsheet]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/port04-individual-port-traffic [Accessed November 2013] Port of Liverpool. Port of Commerce. [online]. Available at http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/commerce/GBR_Port_of_Liverpool_86.php [Accessed November 2013]

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Part IV: Sources

Heritage

CHESHIRE EAST COUNCIL. Addressing the Accommodation Needs of Gypsies and Travellers, . Available at: http://moderngov.cheshireeast.gov.uk/ecminutes/Published/C00000241/M00004283/AI00016891/$App1AddressingAccomodationneedsofGT.docA.ps.pdf. [Accessed 10 November 2013]

Manchester City Council. Conservation areas [online] http://www.manchester.gov.uk/info/511/ [Accessed 2 November 2013] UK Government Department for Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Magic Map Application - Green Belt and Listed Buildings [online] http://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?box=360900:385400:361971:386997 [Accessed 2 November 2013]

Frequently asked questions about the provision of accommodation for Gypsies, Travellers and travelling showpersons. Available at: http://www.cheshirewestandchester.gov.uk%2Fresidents%2Fhousing%2Fidoc.ashx%3Fdocid%3D0b6 1124c-92d8-4f16-a3d3-ca01a2ea30f2%26version%3D-1&ei=YXOOUve-A4Wu7AbukYGQDA&usg=AFQjCNE_-yyADFFPDvDP8bRnMeNqYUNJwg&bvm=bv.56988011,d.ZGU&cad=rja. [Accessed 10 November 2013]

Warrington Borough Council. Conservation areas [online] http://www.warrington.gov.uk/downloads/download/169/conservation_areas_guidance [Accessed 2 November 2013]

Politics

Wirral Council. Conservation areas. [online] http://www.wirral.gov.uk/my-services/environment-and-planning/built-conservation/conservation-areas [Accessed 2 November 2013]

Liverpool Wavertree: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Liverpool Wavertree: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1095/liverpool-wavertree. [Accessed 13 November 2013].

Halton Borough Council. My local services interactive map [online] http://maps.halton.gov.uk/myhalton.aspx?MapSource=Halton/AllMaps&StartZoom=27500&&StartEasting=350934&StartNorthing=383683&o=1&Layers=conservation [Accessed 2 November 2013] Trafford Council. Conservation areas. [online] http://www.trafford.gov.uk/residents/housing/planning/householders-guide/conservation-areas-in-trafford.aspx [Accessed 2 November 2013] Salford City Council. Conservation areas. [online] http://www.salford.gov.uk/viewconservation.htm [Accessed 2 November 2013] Liverpool Conservation areas (PDF). [online] http://www.verenigingvanbouwkunst.nl/agenda/1010-liverpool-manchester/liv-man_L06.pdf [Accessed 3 November 2013]

Liverpool West Derby: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Liverpool West Derby: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1096/liverpool-west-derby. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. Liverpool Riverside: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Liverpool Riverside: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1093/liverpool-riverside. [Accessed 13 November 2013].Halton: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Halton: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/992/halton. [Accessed 23 November 2013].

Cheshire West & Chester Council. Interactive mapping [online] http://maps.cheshire.gov.uk/cheshirecc.interactivemapping.web.internet/Default.aspx?region=2#aTabTop1 [Accessed 3 November 2013]

Manchester Gorton: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Manchester Gorton: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1112/manchester-gorton. [Accessed 13 November 2013].

Oceanic Gateway

Manchester Blackley: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Manchester Blackley: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1110/manchester-blackley. [Accessed 13 November 2013].

Atlantic Gateway. 2013. Welcome to Atlantic Gateway. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.atlanticgateway.co.uk/. [Accessed 2 November 2013]. The Peel Group . 2013. Homepage - The Peel Group . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.peel.co.uk/. [Accessed November 2013].

Manchester Central: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Manchester Central: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1111/manchester-central. [Accessed 13 November 2013].

Peel International Trade Centre . 2013. Peel International Trade Centre. [ONLINE] Available at: http://peelitc.co.uk/. [Accessed 3 November 2013].

Manchester Withington: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Manchester Withington: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1113/manchester-withington. [Accessed 13 November 2013].

The Peel Group. 2009. Technical Report. October 2009. Version 2. Oceanic Gateway.

Salford: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Salford: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1268/salford. [Accessed 13 November 2013].

The Peel Group. 2009. Prospectus. October 2009. Version 3. Oceanic Gateway.

Salford and Eccles: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Salford and Eccles: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1525/salford-and-eccles. [Accessed 13 November 2013].

ExUrbe. 2013. Peel and the Liverpool City Region; Predatory Capitalism or Providential Corporatism? [ONLINE]. Available at: http://media.wix.com/ugd/440822_b2c2eaf4040a2891765a1420e6896965.pdf [Accessed November 2013] Demographics Population Change Office for National Statistics (ONS) - ONS . 2013. Office for National Statistics (ONS) - ONS . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/index.html. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. Industry Local Authority data quality - ONS . 2013. Local Authority data quality - ONS . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/census-2001/data-and-products/quality-of-the-census-data/local-authority-data-quality/index.html. [Accessed 10 November 2013]. Ethnicity Local Authority data quality - ONS . 2013. Local Authority data quality - ONS . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/census-2001/data-and-products/quality-of-the-census-data/local-authority-data-quality/index.html. [Accessed 10 November 2013]. Traveller Communities Gypsy and traveller caravan count: January 2013 - Publications - GOV.UK. 2013. Gypsy and traveller caravan count: January 2013 - Publications - GOV.UK. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/gypsy-and-traveller-caravan-count-january-2013. [Accessed 10 November 2013]. 117

Sefton Central: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Sefton Central: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1526/sefton-central. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. St Helens North: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. St Helens North: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1325/st-helens-north. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. St Helens South and Whiston: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. St Helens South and Whiston: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1533/st-helenssouth-and-whiston. [Accessed 23 November 2013]. St Helens South: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. St Helens South: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1326/st-helens-south. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. Stockport: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Stockport: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1334/stockport. [Accessed 23 November 2013]. Altrincham and Sale West: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Altrincham and Sale West: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/671/altrincham-andsale-west. [Accessed 13 November 2013].

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Part IV: Sources Crewe and Nantwich: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Crewe and Nantwich: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/852/crewe-and-nantwich. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. Knowsley: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Knowsley: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1504/knowsley. [Accessed 23 November 2013] Wallasey: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Wallasey: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1394/wallasey. [Accessed 23 November 2013]. Congleton: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Congleton: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/841/congleton. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. Macclesfield: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Macclesfield: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1104/macclesfield. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. City of Chester: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. City of Chester: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/824/city-of-chester. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. Tatton: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Tatton: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1360/tatton. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. Warrington North: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Warrington North: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1406/warrington-north. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. Warrington South: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Warrington South: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1407/warrington-south. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. Wigan: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Wigan: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1437/wigan. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. Wirral West: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Wirral West: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1443/wirral-west. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. Wirral South: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . 2013. Wirral South: Constituency | Politics | The Guardian . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/constituency/1442/wirral-south. [Accessed 13 November 2013].

This is a digital version of an A3 landscape format book

UK Election 1970: Size of winning vote [Archive]. 2013. UK Election 1970: Size of winning vote [Archive]. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge70/wvote.htm. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. UK General Election June 1987: Constituencies in order of turnout [Archive]. 2013. UK General Election June 1987: Constituencies in order of turnout [Archive]. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge87/ turnout.htm. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. UK General Election results 1970 [Archive]. 2013. UK General Election results 1970 [Archive]. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge70/i14.htm. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. UK General Election results: February 1974 [Archive]. 2013. UK General Election results: February 1974 [Archive]. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge74a/i14.htm. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. UK General Election results: June 1983 [Archive]. 2013. UK General Election results: June 1983 [Archive]. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge83/i14.htm. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. UK General Election results: June 1987 [Archive]. 2013. UK General Election results: June 1987 [Archive]. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge87/i14.htm. [Accessed 13 November 2013]. UK General Election results: May 1979 [Archive]. 2013. UK General Election results: May 1979 [Archive]. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge79/i14.htm. [Accessed 13 November 2013].

Front Cover Photograph was taken by Carmelia Paramasivan during an epic bicycle journey along the Manchester Ship Canal This book was edited by Orestis Kyriakides 119

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2013 - 2014