YARN DYEING INDUSTRY
OPTIMUM DYE SPINDLE CYLINDRICAL OR TRIANGULAR “KNOW HOW” WISH YOU KNEW WHEN YOU WERE 20
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Efficient Spindle Design For Package Dyeing Machine Y.D. Kim , D.H. Chun , M.S. Kang and H.D. Kim
Korea Textile Machine Research Institute/ School of Textiles/ School Of Mechanical Engineering To improve the level dyeing and find the appropriate spindle configuration for the most effective dyeing process, this study examines the spindle flow-field in detail, using a computational method. Flow characteristics inside the spindle have been investigated with varying in porosity, porous diameter and the velocity of the flow. The results show that the total pressure of the flow through the spindle is used to overcome body force. The characteristics of the flow from the porous spindle could also be observed. Based on the results from this study, an effective spindle configuration for level-dyeing has been proposed.
Boundary Conditions And Grid System in Cylinderical Spindle Figure shows boundary conditions and grid system. The incoming flow from the carrier to the spindle which is a perforated tube is injected to the interior of the dyes tank through the porous wall. A perforated tube has di-ameter (D), length (L) and thickness 53mm, 780mm and 2mm respectively. Diameter of each hole is changed to 3 or 4 mm. Porosity is changed to 10, 14 and 18 % to ex-amine porosity effects on the flow field inside the spindle.
The boundary condition at the spindle entrance is con-sidered as a velocity inlet and inlet velocity (U ) is changed from -1 ~ 3 m/s. Spindle wall, top of spindle and top i and bottom wall outside of spindle is considered as no-slip wall boundary condition. Rest outside region of spindle is considered as outflow condition as shown in Fig. 1. Porous-line is considered along the axis. Gravity is considered in the direction of flow.
Spindle With Uniform Area From Enterance To Exit Hole Diameter : 3 mm Inflow Velocity : 1 m/ sec Porosity : 14% In this case the momentum of flow in the axis direc-tion is very high, which prevents the flow to penetrate into porous hole in radial direction There is no change in flow field observed when inflow velocity increased from 1 m/s to 2 and 3 m/s
The flow rate is increased through each hole. Flow rate is maximum at the top porous hole. Almost no flow is observed from the bottom porous holes. It is also observed that, there is no effect on flow distribution by increasing the inlet velocity at the spindle entrance Pressure difference is proportional to mass flow. If pressure difference increases, mass flow increases. At position below x/L equal to 0.7, flow direction is almost 0 degree Or Zero Flow But after x/L greater than 0.7, there is increase in flow direction as seen in Fig Below.
At position x/L equal to 1, the value of angle is almost 90, which shows the maximum mass flow rate.
Where X/ L is dimensionless Position X is the position of Hole L is the Length of the Spindle Let us Study The Figure Below
90
60
30 0 0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.7 X/L PRACTICALLY MEANS
Flow does not enter into the dyeing bath except holes located at the top of spindle. This un-even characteristic of flow is undesirable. Inflow direc-tion and the spindle hole circumference are in opposite direction. Researchers proposed to use B, C and D form of spindle which have a change in the cross section area of spindle to remove this uneven inflow characteristic. In B type of spindle, flow rate distribution is better than A type of spindle but still maximum flow enters from the top holes . Still the tendency of inlet flow distri-bution through spindle porous wall has not improved. Hence, it is proposed to insert a shape of cone inside spindle so that the cross section area increases at bottom
The area of B type and C type has expanded to 2 degree in flow direction. However, C type is the spindle with expanded wall shape and has cone shape change in area. The last shape of spindle is D type as shown in Fig. Below, where sud-den curvature is introduced at the entrance of spindle
Spindle Type D With Curvature Introduced At Bottom
The major conclusions are as follows. The distribu-tion of flow rate through the conventional straight type of spindle is uniform regardless of the inlet flow velocity and when the porosity and hole diameter vary, the flow rate distribution is altered slightly. The majority of flow however, discharged from the upper part of the spindle with the cylinderical spindle shape. The result shows that the total pressure loss along the spindle center line is caused by the body force regardless of the porosity and hole diameter, and the coefficient of discharge at each hole is not related to the spindle inlet velocity.
MEANING IN CASE OF CYLINDRICAL SPINDLES, THE TOP PACKAGES WILL ALWAYS GET MORE FLOW THEN THEN MIDDLE AND WORST WILL BE THE BOTTOM PACKAGES, WHERE THERE IS ZERO FLOW UNLESS CURVATURE IS INTRODUCED AT THE ENTRY OF THE SPINDLE. CURRENT MACHINES DO NOT HAVE ANY SUCH PROVISION OF CURVATURE AT THE ENTRY OF SPINDLE
CYLINDRICAL SPINDLES ARE BAD CHOICE
LET US GET BACK TO DESIGNING A SPINDLE WITH MAXIMUM MASS FLOW RATE WE STUDIED ABOVE THAT At position x/L equal to 1, the value of angle is almost 90, which shows the maximum mass flow rate.
MEANING
When Hole Size X = Length Of Spindle L= X/ L = 1 Mass Flow Will be Maximum. Which is a Channel Flow As Seen In Triangular Spindle
RADIAL FLOW IN A TRIANGULAR SPINDLE NICE AND CLEAN
PICTORIAL VIEW OF FLOW THROUGH AN ORIFICE IN CYLINDRICAL SPINDLE
We Already Studied Elsewhere The Velocity Vector Playing Havoc On Dyepackages On Account Of Flow Distortion. Thanks to Cylinderical Spindles
CONCLUSION TRIANGULAR SPINDLES GIVE MAX MASS FLOW TO DYE LIQUOR FLOW INTO THE PACKAGE DOES NOT HAVE DISTORTION PRESSURE DROP ALONG THE AXIS IS RELATIVELY BETTER THEN CYLINDRICAL SPINDLES MOST IMPORTANT THAT UNLIKE THE CYLINDRICAL SPINDLES, WHERE MOST DISCHARGE TAKES PLACE FROM TOP HOLES, THE TRIANGULAR SPINDLES HAVE UNIFORM DISCHARGE ACROSS THE AXIS OF THE SPINDLE AND HENCE ENSURING LEVEL DYEING BETWEEN PACKAGES ALSO MEANS, THE FLOW AFFECT IN CYLINDRICAL DYETUBES VERSUS DYESPRINGS WILL BE EXACTLY THE SAME MASS FLOW WILL BE MAXIMUM IN DYESPRING CONFIGURATION WITH TRIANGULAR SPINDLE OTHERWISE, IT IS SAME LIKE AGAIN PUTTING A ( DYETUBE) CYLINDER ON TOP OF A TRIANGULAR SPINDLE TO RESTRICT THE MASS FLOW OF DYE LIQUOR
Now, if You have Unlevelled Dyeing In Bottom Most And Top Most Packages, Then The Spindle Needs Immediate Attention. If You Propose To Invest Into New Yarn Dyeing Machines, Choose Triangular Spindles Thanks To
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