May 2016 Issue

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โ€œTHE STIGMATIZATION AND THE EXCRUCIATING PAINS OF SOCIAL ALIENATION HAVE COMPELLED MOST VICTIMS TO CONCEAL THEIR STATUS WHILE THE MALEVOLENT ONES CONTINUE TO DISTRIBUTE THE VIRUS FREE OF CHARGE TO UNSUSPECTING MEN AND WOMEN.โ€

OCHE OTORKPA

MAY 2016


Editorial Note Stigma is a tool of the oppressor, a way to shut down the voices of the unheard, a mechanism to delegitimize the cries of freedom, a medium through which fear is imposed over those who dissent and rebel and an instrument of internalizing fear within the oppressed. Stigma is violence. In a society whose discourses disperse fear, intolerance and violence, it becomes imperative to address stigma. When freedoms, self-expression and dissent become intolerable and stigmatized, deconstructing the dynamics through which stigmas are produced and maintained becomes a duty of each and every free individual in order to take the very first step towards acceptance; acceptance of the different, the dissident and the nonconforming. A woman who practices her own ownership of her body shall not be stigmatized, a man who does not conform to gender roles shall not be stigmatized, and a human revolting against injustice and inequality shall not be stigmatized. People shall not fear discussing their mental and psychological well-being; depression is not shameful, nor is mental illness a taboo. Out of this duty to deconstruct stigmas and to speak up the unheard, the final issue of Spring 2016 aims at providing our readers with the tools to start their own inquiry to deconstruct stigma and its pitfalls.

Mohamed Ashraf Hassan

Contents

Invisible Demons: Fighting an Ill society

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Thoughts From Far Beyond The Surface

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To Ibrahim, with Love

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Editor in chief Mohamed Ashraf Hassan

Academic Advisor Ramy Aly

Managing Editor Shaza Walid

OC Director Lina Hussein

Associate Managing Editor Farida Hussein

Financial Coordinators John Aguib Sarah Salaheldin

Editors Mariam Negm Mena Salama Noha Fikry Lauren K. Clark Roxanne Brook Vigil Copy Editors Aya I. Shaaban Hanady Omran Amal Idheileh

Hell In Refuge: The Difficult Life of a Refugee In Egypt

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Logistics Head Ahmed Ismail Marketing Head Dunya El-Maghrabi Cover Amaanda Louiise, Flickr

Copyrights All uncredited photography and/or artwork is either used upon permission or licenced for noncommercial use or owned by Baseetta Media.

Disclaimer AUC Times is a student publication. All opinions expressed in the publication are the writers' own and do not reflect those of the magazine or the AUC administration

Destigmatizing Stigma I Did Not Move On

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S o c i e t y & C u lt u r e

s n o m e D e l b y i t s e i i c v In g an Ill So n i t h Fig

Hussein Farida

When life starts feeling like one big black hole that simply canโ€™t and wonโ€™t tolerate to accommodate you; when your body and mind have reached a point where they feel like giving up; when you donโ€™t see the point of engaging in anything anymore, your mind might swerve to question why your life matters, so why should you continue fighting invisible, treacherous demons every single day when you really donโ€™t see the point of fighting them anymore? Where would that fight lead you? Nowhere. You answer your own questionโ€ฆ

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S

uicide touches the lives of more people than we will ever know in Egypt whether someone has personally struggled with it, or has had a loved one affected by it. Yet, adequate and affordable resources for suicide prevention remain lacking in Egypt. The question here arises: what kind of resources do we need to combat suicide? Various disciplines within the social sciences such as sociology, psychology and anthropology have attempted to tackle this issue in an attempt to understand its motivations and possible solutions. Can the problem of suicide be solely treated using medication and/or psychotherapy, or is it perhaps the result of a complex interplay of social forces that require a more radical approach? Mental health and psychological challenges are so often stigmatized and forced into the shadows to the extent that we never get to have a candid conversation about them. We stare at such problems from afar, but never truly want to unpack their baggage because it lays bare all that is painful in the world around us. The widespread, functionalist schema that human beings need to always be strong and in control of their emotions in order to be โ€œproductiveโ€ members of society can make it quite difficult for people to speak up about their struggles. Suicide also touches upon some deeply-seated religious beliefs such as it being haram and that God, who granted us life, is the only one who can take it. Many indeed do believe that those who commit suicide die as apostles. All these factors combined amount to a massive buildup of silently completed and attempted suicides that we never hear about because too often people think that they are alone. The stigma leads people to feeling that they are an anomaly and that suicide doesnโ€™t touch othersโ€™ lives as well. This culture of silence fosters a toxic environment that envelops cases of suicide in shame and humiliation, creating a vicious cycle of secrecy that only exacerbates the situation. It might be understandable that those who have attempted suicide as well as their loved ones sometimes arenโ€™t open to sharing their experiences; it can be quite traumatizing and difficult to open up about something so personal and so painful. The issue of opening up conversation around suicide also becomes much more problematic when this stigma is propagated and consciously reproduced by media outlets. For example, researchers looking into โ€œtabooโ€ issues such as suicide, religion, sexuality or politics are often framed as โ€œsecurity threatsโ€ who are seeking to perturb Egyptโ€™s enviable security and social stability. This unfounded hypothesis couldnโ€™t be further from the truth as we can only begin to solve a problem after we fully understand its dimensions. Under such clouded and constricted circumstances in both personal and academic spheres, even beginning to understand the problem of suicide in Egypt becomes a challenge.

โ€œMental health and psychological challenges are so often stigmatized and forced into the shadows to the extent that we never get to have a candid conversation about them.โ€ Beneath the imposed veil of secrecy surrounding suicide in Egypt lies a spectrum of hidden problems. The psychological take on suicide arguably individualizes the problem and ends up falling short as it largely ignores the social-structural conflicts that may have led to suicidal ideation and behavior. As sociologist Emile Durkheim theorized in his research into suicide, even the most personal of acts is arguably shaped by the social world one inhabits and canโ€™t be examined in isolation. Suicide canโ€™t be defined as an

entirely individual act as it is often the result of complex and interconnected realities that permeate into peopleโ€™s lives. It also leaves in its wake an army of people who are affected by a loved oneโ€™s suicide and end up carrying those effects into their daily interactions with other people. Approaches such as medication and psychotherapy may be helpful on the shortterm and may indeed pacify a personโ€™s problems, thoughts or feelings. Yet, they still donโ€™t attack the original root of why a person thought about or attempted suicide.

โ€œDiscourse on suicide prevention might be more helpful in working towards a society where there would be no, or at least fewer, reasons to attempt suicide.โ€ The social construction of โ€œsuicideโ€ as an isolated category of psychological โ€œillnessโ€ arguably conceals larger social problems that need to be rectified in order for the person to lead a more fulfilling life. Reasons can include domestic abuse/violence, unemployment, homophobia and poverty. For example, setting oneself on fire would typically be considered suicidal behavior indicative of โ€œmental health problems.โ€ On the other hand, for Tunisian Mohamed Bouazizi, that wasnโ€™t the case at all. Bouazizi set himself on fire after his vegetable cart was confiscated by a policewoman who reportedly spat on his face, slapped him and cursed his dead father. On trying to complain to municipal authorities, Bouazizi was carelessly turned away. Less than an hour later, Bouazizi had poured fuel onto his body and set himself on fire. This real life occurrence highlights how the psychological/ psychiatric construction of suicide can often be quite lacking, inaccurate, and even harmful in presenting the person as โ€œmentally ill.โ€ Moreover, characteristics such as race, gender, social class, and sexual orientation may affect an individualโ€™s risk of suicide depending on where they stand in the hierarchy of intersectional social privilege. Perhaps the presentation of suicide then should be that of an ill society that constantly abuses its subjects as opposed to an โ€œillโ€ individual. Discourse on suicide prevention might be more helpful in working towards a society where there would be no, or at least fewer, reasons to attempt suicide; medically โ€œcontainingโ€ individual cases without looking at their possible social roots can be quite misleading. That is not to say, however, that a biology of depression never exists, or that psychiatric or psychological approaches should be entirely discarded. This is by no means an invitation to stigmatize the brave souls who do reach out for help, nor is it an invitation to stigmatize psychiatric medication. It is simply an invitation to examine, critique and attempt to change larger social situations that in many cases, lead people to contemplate, attempt, or commit suicide. Another solution would be to adopt an interdisciplinary approach to study the problem of suicide that draws upon various social disciplines rather than confining the discussion to one field that claims monopoly over the problem at hand. The problem with that sort of confinement arguably lies in the mass labeling and categorization of human beings as โ€œmentally ill;โ€ they are โ€œpatched upโ€ with medication/psychotherapy and sent home without ever attempting to challenge whatโ€™s truly troubling the person in their external surrounding environment. The rhetoric of how โ€œwe canโ€™t control what happens to us, but we can control how we reactโ€ might be verging on fostering a persona where individuals surrender to their unfavorable social situations and donโ€™t fight to change them. And that poses some really bleak and dangerous prospects for future suicide rates, as well as the possibility of any social reform.

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S o c i e t y & C u lt u r e

e s a c t i u S h t i e w Th eal A

D e s w s n e a n C tal Ill Men atively? Cre

lthough the experience of having mental illness is said to be subjective, it can never really be fully so. What if psychological illness, in all its forms, was a suitcase lying under George m ia ir M a bed, and the person who sleeps in that bed has to, for some reason, drag it out every single morning and carry it around from the moment they wake up till the moment they go to sleep. On certain days, it feels lighter than air. Itโ€™s still there, clinging to five fingers, but it doesnโ€™t exactly weigh as heavy as it did the week before, like someone had taken out a couple of cardigans and a pair of jeans and a belt from it to make it easier to carry. At other times, it feels heavier than the world. But the dealโ€™s the same all throughout: the person still has to carry that bag around every single day of their life until itโ€™s time to go to sleep, thatโ€™s when itโ€™s okay to slide it back under where it came from. But how does the suitcase get โ€˜lighterโ€™? Is it better to remove certain articles of clothing because those are heavier than others? Is it more practical to switch to a smaller suitcase, given that you will be stuffing your things in a tighter space? That is the thing about mental illness, there is more than one way to uplift it, but almost none to cure it. Some disorders require medication, no doubt. Psychiatrists are often criticized for making medication the sole focus of treatment, but in many cases, medication is no less than essential. Some mental illnesses need to be treated just like any other biological imbalance, but that does not mean we can group Schizophrenia and flu, for example, in one category. That is where therapy comes in. Psychologists are so often underestimated. However, contrary to (unfortunately) popular belief, there really is more to psychological therapy than the typical Freudian couch-doctor-patient scene. Well-trained psychologists are able to perform therapy sessions that are life changing to people who are said to be suffering from mental illness. But what else is there? Are there any efforts dedicated towards uplifting psychological disorders that go beyond the formal (and often unaffordable) doctor-patient dynamic? Support. Seeking comfort in loved ones. This is sounding like the start to anything anyone on the street would advise a person to do. But the truth is, the concept of โ€œcreativity in dealing with mental illnessโ€ really might not be that easy to pinpoint. The question of whether moral support by loved ones has a perceived effect on the prognosis of psychological illness has been answered by researchers such as Shelley E. Taylor in her review, โ€œSocial Support: A Review.โ€ Here she argues that social support helps people reduce

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Porsche Fli

psychological distress such as anxiety or depression. In that sense, moral support from family and friends may actually contribute to the affected individual being more socially proactive. And since mental disorders generally tend to affect the individualโ€™s coping ability and their capacity to participate in general society, moral support is key here. Doesnโ€™t sound so clichรฉ anymore, does it?


โ€œwaking nightmare.โ€ She goes on, however, to talk about how her career goals have helped her push through her condition. Despite her illness and โ€œtraumaticโ€ experiences, which involved being forcibly medicated and physically restrained for up to fifteen hours a day, she ended up graduating from Yale Law School. She mentions how her symptoms recede while she works, becoming โ€œsideline rather than front and center.โ€ In short, Saks has helped herself become a high functioning schizophrenic. Not everyone, however, is able to function โ€œnormallyโ€ with spurts of their illness popping up more than occasionally. In many ways, mental disorders can be debilitating, and it does not really do much to try to sugarcoat that fact. It would not be fair to speak on the behalf of people actually going through the experience of having a psychological illness, and it has to be said, there really is no way to cure most of them. But one thing remains integral: moral support. We can talk about creative ways to uplift oneโ€™s own depression all day, but chances are, one is very much likely to feel better after having their dog run up to them in the driveway as soon as they come back home. In that sense, the role of family and the familiar is emphasized in its power to uplift the symptoms of mental illness. The suitcase really is a complex design, with multiple ways to open and close it, arrange the stuff that is in it and manipulate how much it weighs. The basic means by which the suitcase becomes lighter are known, some not even fully effective, with the more informal means of alleviation integral to the holder. Moral support is key, but anything else beyond that is subjective. Some people are stricken with incurable mental illness that it is quite literally crippling. That known, it wouldnโ€™t exactly be fair to pinpoint โ€œcreativeโ€ ways to deal with psychological imbalances, claiming they would work, despite living proof of people who were able to do so. The experience of carrying the suitcase, although subjective, is quite common in the sense that it burdens the person who has to carry it around all the time. When you have that suitcase, and you know you cannot get rid of it, you can try and make it lighter for you to be able to carry, but anything beyond that really is abstract. You can paint it purple because it is a pleasant color, but what if the person next you with a similar case hates purple?

Brosseau ickr

There are different, bolder ways to break free from the limits that psychological illness might impose. And Elyn Saks, law professor at the University of Southern California, and author of The Center Cannot Hold is an inspiring example of this. In her interview published by Scientific American, a US-based pop-science magazine, she talks about her symptoms, which resemble the ones experienced by any person with Schizophrenia, referring to them as no less than a

โ€œThe suitcase really is a complex design, with multiple ways to open and close it, arrange the stuff that is in it and manipulate how much it weighs.โ€

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Readersโ€™ Entries

Everyone has a clue about it. Not all people might understand it. And certainly only very few imagine how it feels. This is in reference to mental illness, the sometimes silent but often omnipotent and invasive entity that alter the lives, perceptions, and actions of some dear people we know, or sometimes even ourselves. Because genuine empathy leads to ample compassion, AUC Times has decided to open this venue for anyone who has an experience with mental illness to share his/her stories with our thoughtful audience.

u o h T r

a F m Fro e Su Th

Entry #1

I have been recently diagnosed with depression and anxiety. I keep thinking how before my diagnosis, nothing made any sense. Up until then, my life was a series of moments filled with self-doubt, severe sadness, and excessive worrying. I used to think that I was alone in all of this. No one seemed to understand me. All I heard was, โ€œWhy are you like this?โ€ โ€œPeople are starving in the world; they have it worseโ€ โ€œWhy canโ€™t you just be more easygoing and loosen up?โ€ โ€œYou have no reason to be sad.โ€ I was so frustrated and confused with these kinds of sentences because to me it felt that my feelings were unnatural or that they were something I was supposed to be in control of, but was not. I kept thinking that something was wrong with me and that because I could not โ€œmake myself happy,โ€ I would never be. The peak of my depression was during the last two years of high school. I spent a lot of time in my room alone. Either I was crying myself to sleep or I was just thinking. Thinking of every possible scenario in my life and how it might go wrong. Thinking of how others seemed happy and I was not. My anxiety kicked in. My head kept spinning and all these negative thoughts came rushing in. All the what-ifs, the fears, and worries came rushing in and my train of thought completely

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derailed. On top of that, I had neither the energy nor the interest in talking to anyone or in doing anything. I was stuck. I was numb. It was as if I was split into two people. One wanting to do everything and the other not wanting to do anything at all. I was in a battle with myself and I could not find a way to stop it. I felt like I would feel this way for the rest of my life. At this point, I did not know how long I would be able to continue like this. Someone suggested therapy to me, but because of what people might think of me, I convinced myself that I did not need it. There was always this hesitation. I also could not go by myself because I had no one to guide me or give me enough information about therapy. I eventually sought help, thanks to a very dear friend of mine whom I have known for over a year now. I am better. I get better every passing day. I am thankful I took the decision to go to therapy because it has 100% changed my life for the better. I want to send this message to anyone reading this because I needed to hear these words but did not: your feelings are valid. You are not alone. You are not your problems. You are not worthless. You are enough. You are more than enough. You deserve to be heard. There is a light at the end of the tunnel after all. ~K.S.


s t h ug yond

r Be e c a f r u

Entry #2

The details of how it started are not important, neither are the reasons why because usually there is a reason that sparks the first sign of deep melancholia, and a strong desire to parish. I am undiagnosed because of the stigma that comes along with asking for help from a professional. Besides, they are too expensive anyway. I daydream every single day of ways to die, car crash, throwing myself from the balcony, taking sleeping pills, or even pills meant for diabetesโ€ฆetc. I attempted suicide once, but was stopped; because I am stupid. I tried to do it when my family were awake. I never attempted again because I am actually afraid that I might feel pain while dying. Cowardly of me I know, but I am already in so much mental pain. I do not want my getaway ticket to be painful too, not fair, donโ€™t you think? I have tried literally everything to make myself better, but nothing has ever worked. Moreover, I realized that I have nothing and no one to live for. I thought at some point that if I make a career for myself I will be happy, but this dream has gone away as I am getting close to the actual thing. Family? Well nope, my family are not enough reason for me to stay. Wellโ€ฆmaybe my nephew, but he will soon grow out of his love for meโ€ฆafter all everyone does. I love my friends, I think they love me back, but I think that they are not enough reason for me to stay either. I do not have someone to love. I carry a heavy loaded bag of crap. It is not fair that I let someone in it. They do not have to be in that stinky situation (pun intended). So every day I sleep and pray to God that I do not wake up the next day. I drive to any place with one wish, let a truck squash me, but sadly, no truck does that. Maybe I will die when I stop waiting for it, or when I stop being a chicken and actually do it.

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Opinion

, m i h a r b I o T e v o L h t i W The 15th of May 2014 not only marked the 68th anniversary of the Palestinian Nakba, but it was also the day I first saw Ibrahim. We were at an event hosted by Mashrouโ€™ El Mareekh and he spoke in a hall near Bassily in front of an audience of dozens. Ibrahim spoke passionately about Palestine, hope, love and art. His eyes were gleaming in a way I will never forget.

our mornings in museums and old mosques, our afternoons strolling down El-Hussein and our evenings in underground concerts and old coffee shops in Downtown Cairo. I got to know Ibrahim in a way I have never known anyone; I got to know a free-spirited young man with incredible passion and touching courage. More importantly, however, I came to know him on a deeper, more profound level.

Three weeks later, I found myself strolling down with him in the famous Azbakeya book market (Cairoโ€™s centuryold book haven near Ataba), inspecting dusty shelves for rare books and drinking sweet tea with the book vendors. We soon were acquainted with 3am Saber, an old and well-read book vendor, who would then become an integral part of our visits later on. It was from 3am Saber that Ibrahim bought me his first gift, a book of poetry by Nizar Qabani, and it was at that instant that I knew Ibrahim was unlike anyone I have ever met.

Ibrahim wrote me poetry, taught me how to create stencils, introduced me to some of the most interesting people I have ever met and always moved me with his exceptionally kind nature. Not to sound clichรฉ, but many incidents involving Ibrahim and me seem too cinematic to be true. But then again, Ibrahim is no ordinary person. From talking to wandering poets in the streets of Downtown to our friendship with 3am Saber, Ibrahim made me feel like I was in a movie. Now I hate to follow the trend of romanticizing the personal lives of political prisoners, but the least I can say about Ibrahim is that his sincere care for everyone around him is endless. Anyone familiar with Ibrahim knows that his moral character would put us all to shameโ€ฆand anyone familiar with the current regime knows that Ibrahim has been wrongfully and unjustly detained.

โ€œI have a surprise for you. Come downstairs.โ€ he texted me one day, a few days after our initial encounter. I threw on the first outfit I found and hurried downstairs to find him holding two books, one of them about Om Kalthoum, my favorite singer and a woman to whom we now owe many memories. We spent the entire day talking about our favorite music, food, TV shows, books, pet peeves and hobbies. I remember being amazed at how unbelievably passionate he was about everything he spoke about, be it political, personal or even trivial. His eyes were gleaming as ever. Within a few months, I became engulfed in a world of beauty. My time with Ibrahim was spent in old and authentic places that fitted beautifully with his genuine character. We spent

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Ibrahimโ€™s inspiring character, associated with his arrest, is a testimony to the deterioration of the level of justice and human rights in the Egyptian system. Along with the tens of thousands of political detainees in Egyptian prisons, Ibrahim does not belong in a prison cell. Ibrahim deserves to roam around, free-spirited as ever, radiating the beauty that still puts a smile on my face to this day.


Sadly, though, the cruel world that denied Ibrahim his freedom, the cruel world that Ibrahim could not tolerate, has forced me to write this article on the pavement in front of the police station where he is being held in custody. It is now 8:30 PM and I am in line to see himรข€ลš waiting only to see the same gleam in his eyes I saw on the 15th of May 2014. Mariam Arafat

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Politics

T

heir silent eyes bear the weight of all they have witnessed so far. Their silence may be due to fear, yet with so many secrets concealed, one would wonder whether that silence is helpful or harmful. This is article is not a call for pity; we should be well aware that refugees are people with real and valid feelings, not just objectified 21st century crisis entities. It is quite difficult to think of refugees otherwise, when the media-employed rhetoric is collectively grouping and categorizing them. We are not entirely blameless here either; from subtle micro aggressions to outright abuse, itโ€™s easy to find many people that are prone to taunting refugees. I have spoken to several people who have said that refugees are โ€œsneakyโ€; that they do not really need anything, yet they pitifully beg to earn help. This is just one of many (mis)beliefs held about refugees in Egypt. On the other hand, not all beliefs about refugees are negative. When a flux of Syrian migrants came to Egypt, many were praising the migration, claiming that the Syrians created their own businesses and stimulated the economy. Their positive work ethic was inspiring; they were โ€œdesirableโ€ refugees. In fact, many Syrians are centralized mainly in the 6th of October/Sheikh Zayed area. They wanted to live in the same area as each other and around the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and/or non-profit organizations (NPOs), which opened up to assist them. The Syrian refugees started their own businesses to have their own services and products, which were lacking and/or had unsatisfying Egyptian alternatives. While many of the privileged Egyptians may have expressed their joy at the expense of a miserable tragedy, realistically, the Syrians were less-than-welcome where they went. Several Syrian teenagers disclosed during a conversation that their peers at school physically assault them; consequently, their principal asked them to come to school only once a week for attendance and examinations. Many Syrians have independently, as well as through the help of organizations, set up their own schools so that their children would not face such abuse and rejection. Syrians have been the latest victims facing these conditions. There are the often forgotten refugees as well: The Yemenis. I sat down with Eman*, a Yemeni refugee, to listen to her story. Her father and mother came to Egypt before she had so that her father could receive medical treatment in Egypt; however, when the Yemeni Civil War erupted in 2015, she and her siblings were forced to join them. She noted that

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e g u f e R n i l l He Difficult Lifyept The gee in Eg fu of a Re

aaban h S a y A


Yemenis were banned from entering Egypt at that time, which is why she and her siblings had to travel by sea to Somalia, where they stayed there in a camp, then flew to Egypt when they got the chance. When they arrived to Egypt, Eman and her siblings went to a NGO called Caritas that helped them finalize their papers in order to gain refugee status as well as receive subsidized medical treatment. In addition, Caritas also promised to allocate a monthly fund to refugees who have no stable source of income; however, Eman claims that her family receives no such fund and that the organization does not subsidize nor provide expensive medications but only cheap ones. Besides that, she mentions that obtaining refugee status through Caritasโ€™ help was not too challenging. Eman believes that living in Egypt is challenging because it gets lonely, since the culture is vastly different and her people have different traditions, and because there are no job opportunities. She stated, โ€œIn Egypt there are very limited job opportunities. The pay is low and the hours are long.โ€ She speculates that this may be due to the dense population and the marketโ€™s inability to meet job demands. Another challenge she faces is that while people are interconnected in Yemen, Egyptians are distant and difficult to warm up to. Her brother cannot attend university due to the high fees for the international students in both private and public universities; the family also has no funds or any a source of income due to abruptly leaving their country. Eman and her family want to go back to Yemen after the war is over and her father finishes his treatment; she never imagined leaving and living somewhere else. โ€œYes, we have been to many countries as tourists but we never imagined that weโ€™d be living somewhere elseโ€ฆthe war brought us here,โ€ she said.

Khalil Mazraawi Getty Images

There is a prominent minority of Sudanese refugees in Egypt. The Sudanese, as the Syrians did, have set up their own schools here; however, their case, along with other Africans, is drastically different from their Syrian counterparts. The Sudanese have been here longer than the Syrians have, yet they are adapting poorly. I sat down with Mona*, a half-Sudanese refugee, who came to Egypt fearing her own safety after her father was politically prosecuted; he was accused of being part of the resistance, was arrested, and eventually died in prison. Mona has been in Egypt for 8 years. She lived in Aswan first after reaching there by sea but she has been settled in Cairo for the past 3 years now. However, Mona is not completely settled, since she has no permanent home and no stable source of income; she also faces problems with the healthcare system despite the UNHCR easily granting her refugee status. Mona has a condition which requires orthopedic care and when the doctor prescribes her medicine, she is charged a higher price than the actual one. Mona claimed that Caritas is affiliated with the UN and that all refugees, especially those who need medicine and/or treatment, go there to receive a subsidy. In addition, she said that the monthly fund which is supposed to be provided for those with no income, the one Eman had mentioned in her interview, is not given to everyone. โ€œA lot of people are suffering. I am one of those people; theyโ€™re supposed to give me [money] every monthโ€ฆI only received [money] for four months then it stopped,โ€ Mona said. Despite filing for several applications, Monaโ€™s requests have been denied and has been told that she is not supposed to receive any money. โ€œRefugees face great difficulties and suffering,โ€ Mona starts, โ€œbut some people never say anything; theyโ€™re always silent. Even in the neighborhoods and alleyways we live in, you hear sneers, insultsโ€ฆโ€ Mona was too overwhelmed and could not continue talking about her experiences with the Egyptian people, so the interview ended. Before I started the interview, she had asked me if my writing of this article would cause any real, effective change in refugeesโ€™ lives here. Would it? It does not matter if we are refugees or not, many of us believe that the situation in this country is less than ideal. That is one common thing a relatively privileged person may have in common with a refugee. Although this country may be refuge to Eman, Mona, and many others, it is a refuge of hell. A refugee should not escape a lower level of hell just to reach a higher one. *All names used in this article have been changed due to privacy concerns.

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Politics

e m a h S n e Wh es Part of y m t i o t c n e B nal Ide Natio hamy Ali El S

Photos: lithographs drawn by a Belgian artist in 1918, after his release from the German concentration camps. Courtesy of Raed wald.

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I

n a small hotel dining room in Britain during the 1970s, a group of German tourists sat down for a meal. The awkward and irritable hotel owner, Mr. Fawlty, who was suffered head trauma, was trying his best not to bring up the Second World War, but the subject matter always burst out of his mouth every time he spoke to Germans. The topic of discussion eventually caused one of the Germans to cry and another to ask Mr. Fawlty to stop talking about the war. Mr. Fawlty simply said, โ€œYou started it!โ€ to which the guest replied, โ€œWe did not start it!โ€ Mr. Fawlty then naively and hilariously exclaimed โ€œYes you did; you invaded Poland!โ€ Thankfully, this hilarious exchange did not happen in real life, but in a scene from the 1970โ€™s British sitcom, Fawlty Towers. I full-heartedly recommend watching the entire series because it is not only funny, but also it highlights a social stigma that most Germans face in the aftermath of World War II. Despite the fact that 70 years have passed since the end of World War II, this common shame still exists in German society and does not show major signs of decline. As a matter of fact, German chancellor Angela Merkel still apologises for the Nazi regimeโ€™s war crimes in many of her speeches; the most recent apology happened last May in Moscow when she visited to commemorate Nazi Germanyโ€™s surrender in 1945. This collective guilt in German society did not happen overnight; it took around 20 years after the war ended for it to manifest itself into German society. In the 1950s, polls and surveys conducted by the Allensbach Institute for Public Opinion Research showed that many Germans in West Germany still had an affinity toward the Nazi regime and Adolf Hitler himself. For example, almost half of all West Germans surveyed viewed Nazism favorably and thought it was a good idea that was poorly executed. Moreover, in 1955, the polls showed that 48 percent of West Germans thought that Hitler would have been Germanyโ€™s greatest leader had he not decided to start a war. While such polls were initially not promising for German societyโ€™s โ€œpost-war rehabilitation,โ€ things started to change almost a decade later. For instance, in 1964, West Germans were asked the same question regarding Hitler yet this time, only 29% thought he would have been Germanyโ€™s greatest political leader. The 1960s were also crucial times for the German society. Just as the baby boomer generation in the rest of Western Europe and the United States was rebelling against their parents and questioning the norms that they were raised to live by, this generation in Germany started confronting their Nazi past head on because it was starting to become somewhat of an elephant in the room for Germans. During the 1960s, many public debates took place regarding the Nazi past; such debates particularly focused on the Holocaust. In the realm of politics, most politicians and scholars fell under two particular schools of thought. The first school of thought put forward the notion that Germany should let go of its past mistakes, citing the fact that many other states have also committed crimes against humanity yet they do not let their past be a part of or define their present identity. These intellectuals argued that by focusing too much on the past, Germany risks hindering its economic and political development and that most importantly and that this condition would be a barrier to forming an agreeable post-war national identity. The other school of thought contended that the German society should always remember its nationโ€™s past sins; they argued that looking back at the past, particularly the Holocaust, should come as a moral duty for Germans, since it would prevent society from committing the same mistake

in the future. By the end of the 1960s, the latter viewpoint became the central factor in determining German national identity and politics. A hallmark moment in German history came in 1970, when the world witnessed one of the first public displays of the Germansโ€™ guilt toward the Holocaust and other atrocities committed by the Nazis. In a state-visit to Poland, previous German chancellor Willy Brandt visited a monument, which pays tribute to Jewish victims of the Warsaw Ghetto. Brandt fell to his knees as he was paying his respects to the victims, which marked a change in the dominant German rhetoric towards the Holocaust. Since then, the German society has been growing more critical of its Nazi past and the stigma towards it has been increasing with each new generation. As a sharp contrast to societal attitudes in the 1950s, a recent survey done by the Forsa Institute in 2015 showed that, only 9 percent of those surveyed viewed the Allied Victory in 1945 as a defeat. Their view opposes the majority of Germans who now view this event as a liberation from Nazi regime. Atonement for the past does not only manifest itself in German societal attitudes, but it can also be seen in the formulation of public policy and laws. For example, the German Basic Law contains one of the most liberal asylum laws, which grants those escaping persecution in their home countries the right to receive asylum and various other social benefits. This was witnessed by the world last year when Germany welcomed an influx of more than one million Syrian refugees escaping civil war and unrest in their home country. While German social stigma and guilt towards their Nazi past has been solidified as an integral part of German identity and policy-making, there has been a backlash against it. For instance, the rise in the number of migrants and asylum seekers, especially in the last year, has led to a rise in neoNazism and the far right. While the majority of Germans condemn such Neo-Nazi movements, their mere existence brings up the important topic of how far German guilt over their past should manifest itself into national identity and public policy formation. Perhaps these recent developments could re-open dialogues and foster debates as to whether or not this guilt should still play an integral role in the formation of German identity. Nevertheless, given the fact that German leaders still feel obliged to apologize for Germanyโ€™s past, there is probably little chance that such debates will happen any time soon. Moreover, there is a common opinion that holds that this social war guilt will probably not pass until the generation that lived through the war has completely passed on.

โ€œthe German Basic Law contains one of the most liberal asylum laws.โ€ 15


Review

E

llen Notbohm, mother of two sons โ€“ one of whom is living with autism โ€“ wrote various books on autism that soon went on to become bestsellers. As a mother of a son suffering from Attentiondeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Notbohm was shocked, to say the least, to know that her second toddler is living with autism. However, she decided to write this book, as her vast research on autism led her to a loophole: nobody ever wrote from the childโ€™s perspective! The book has seen an increasing success over the years; one of the reviewers bravely exclaims, โ€œโ€ฆit is as important as the Declaration on Human Rights in France in 1789, no less.โ€ The writing tends to tell a story about autism in society from Notbohmโ€™s experience with her son, proceeds to make some points, later giving advice on how to avoid such aversive behaviors with the child. The book discusses various aspects, some of which are incredibly enlightening about how our smallest actions

and our expectations shape autism; in other words, how we mold autism to fit our self-image by underestimating or overestimating the childโ€™s powers. The best part about reading this book is how light, yet illuminating it is. The first chapter pulls the reader in as a wake-up call for autism advocates and those who vicariously live with it. Notbohm explains that when one is informed that the child has autism, the interpersonal interaction between the child and the person becomes restricted to one of two things: the child is โ€œstupid,โ€ or โ€œa genius.โ€ The problem with this view, as she says it, is not seeing the child as a whole child, who is as capable or incapable of some aspects of his intelligence and actions as any other child would be. The word โ€œautisticโ€ is binding, it turns a different part of the child into a chain they can never break out of. The author instead encourages the reader to break the stereotype associated with the word โ€œautisticโ€ as if

h g u o r h T m s i t Au ew Lens d with a N Every Chilnewโ€ s K g u n i o h Y T s โ€œTen ism Wishe view Aut Book Re l Kholy E h a r Fa

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Ahmed Alruwaili Flickr


it is an extensive characteristic of the child rather than a disorder he/she has to learn to live with. Furthermore, Notbohm highlights that over-exaggerating the capacities that come with autism, such as the incredible ability to learn for instance, is an act of abusing the child as much as underestimating his capabilities is: it kills the childโ€™s ambition and self-esteem. She goes on to quote another book of hers: โ€œYour child has many social selves. To embrace all of them, and therefore him as a whole child is to redefine how we view โ€œnormalโ€ - one person at a time.โ€ Although the book has great ratings as well as reviewers who swoon over it, there are some aspects of the book that one may find unsatisfactory. Notbohm uses ideas for chapters that are not solely based on autism. She reminds people to love the child living with autism regardless of it, to listen to what they communicate whether it be verbally or nonverbally, and to understand what triggers meltdowns. While such

points are important reminders for parents and adults in general, it seems that, for the purposes of this book, the reminders were strictly confined to the autism community when such parenting tactics are vital for every child rather than exclusively for autistic children. What would also seem irritating is that regardless of the authorโ€™s extensive research, she includes a lot of personal experiences; though, these provide an element of reality, they do not give a feel of what it is like to be a child living with Autism. In other words, these are experiences of her own, as an American mother of an autistic child, rather than the actual childโ€™s experiences. On a last note, while this book could be argued for and against, and despite its general disregard of what autism entails on a scientific level, it is a very light read for beginners who are interested to know about autism, how society affects people living with it, or more importantly, how they affect society, and how to learn to adapt oneโ€™s expectations of it.

โ€œThe word โ€œautisticโ€ is binding, it turns a different part of the child into a chain they can never break out of.โ€ ฤaฬ€o Nguyeฬ‚n Vuฬƒ Flickr

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S o c i e t y & C u lt u r e

An Ambivalent Gaze It is such a hot day. She is going out with her old school friends whom she had not seen in two years. She feels happy, excited, rejuvenated, and nostalgically lively. She is now twenty, and is gorgeously sparkling in her coal-black wavy hair and butterfly earrings. She opens her closet and sifts through the unused, the tight, and the favorite. She cannot decide. This day is usually a runway show, in which each of her old friends performs her maturing femininity. She picks out a sleeveless short dress, elegant yet still casual enough for an afternoon outing. She puts it on, looks at herself with grace, and leaves the room. The dressโ€™s bright orange draws her parentsโ€™ attention as she greets them goodbye. They stare at her. โ€œYou cannot wear this,โ€ they say. She is surprised. She wore this dress twice before in her last summer vacation in Gouna. She is now going out with her school friends, and they are meeting in a middle-class neighborhoodโ€”in a very โ€˜chicโ€™ place overlooking the Nile. Her father simply states, โ€œthe bawab cannot see you in this dress. You used to wear it in Gouna, but here you cannot.โ€ She screams in disbelief. She does not understand how the janitor gets to enjoy such a powerful status even to have an effect on what she gets to wear. She disagrees, and insists on wearing it. She steps out, and goes downstairs. The bawab is there with his wife. They stare at her very daringly till the moment she goes out of sight. She refuses to greet them, to acknowledge their existence at this point. She leaves, while their gaze still lingers on her orange dress and shaved legs.

A Tainted Body? They just moved to a gated compound in New Cairo. He feels happy and excited for a new beginning. He helps his dad take the countless bags up to their apartment. He had to roll his sleeves up a bit because he cannot stand the heat coupled with the intense effort of carrying bags back and forth. He feels a bit insecure, a bit hesitant as he rolls them up. His father looks at him, and smiles. He does not understand why his father smiled this way. Is he supportive? Resistive? Waiting to take revenge? He rolls them up, while quickly surveying the place around him to make sure nobody is around. It is still nine AM, on a Friday. Nobody seemed to be awake enough to scrutinize him. He goes up and gets ready for the Jumโ€™aa prayer. He wears the same bright white galabiyya that he wears every week for prayer. He goes to the mosque and sits in peace, waiting for the prayer to begin. He prays, and as they move during prayer, he notices the eyes of the man praying beside him gazing at his arms as the sleeves of the galabiyya uncover parts of them. He tries to concentrate on prayer. They finish. He hurries up to leave only to find the man next to him asking him for a word. He waits in excitement. The man disgustingly points to his tattooed arm that was almost invisible under the long-sleeved galabiyya. The man reprimands him tattoos are แธฅaram, and that he should not come to the mosque except after having his removed. He tells the man that he cannot remove the tattoo. The man looks indifferent, and moves in silence. He felt ambivalent. He came back next week, in the same galabiyya. He feels a bit more insecure, but still manages to pray in peace.

, s t c e f f A , s e i Bod d Gazes ma an Stig ) g n i ( y a e d c y n r a Eve d Accept an ikry Noha F

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You are What You Cook Itรข€™s Ramadan, the ultimate time for banquets. She loves being invited over for food, but never being the inviter. This time, her mother looks at her and told her that they must invite her paternal grandmother over. She already feels fatigued, and so does her mother. They sit together, and decide on what kinds of food they will prepare for their guest. Everything is set. She apologizes to her mother, as she explains that she wanted to help more but she cannot cook. She tells her she will be responsible for setting up the table, and maybe for preparing the drinks. Her mother hugs her, as she knows she wanted to help her but she does not love cooking. The big day came. It is such a hectic morning. They run around the house, tidying, cleaning, preparing, fixing, and decorating. Her mom tells her that she will tell her grandmother that she has done some of the food herself, as she does not want her grandmother to think that she will make a bad wife, or that the mother failed to train her daughter to the basic necessities of life demanded of a female. She laughs and agrees in wickedness. The grandmother finally arrives, sits there in extreme vigilance, commenting on the not-so-straight painting and the old table cover. They begin eating. The grandmother looks at her, asking which food her granddaughter prepared. She is silent. Her mother excitedly replied, รข€œshe did the mahshy and the chicken.รข€? The grandmother eats in happiness, responding that the daughter will do all the food and her mother will only supervise for their next banquet. She smiles and runs to bring some water to help her swallow the food she is about to vomit.

Spaces of (De)Liberation She finally spares a few hours to go the gym. It is too hot; she picks out a short-sleeved t-shirt to wear on her sweatpants. Over it, she wears a cardigan for just until she arrives at the gym, since she is veiled. The gym is gender-segregated, so she can dress relatively freely. She hops on over to the aerobics hall and happens to overhear two girls next to her talking about how tanning helps hide unshaved arms. They laugh, and instantly bluntly gaze at her unshaved arms, again exchanging laughs. She refuses to look back at them, or to even respond. She does not think responding will help change anything. Refusing to attend to their existence, or their comments is for her more assertive. In fact, since then, she has continued to go the gym with her unshaved hands growing more and more powerfully. She never looks at them or satisfies them with a gaze, or a submissive reaction, and they never stop chit-chatting about their boyfriends, and they never stop wearing heavy make-up to aerobics classes.

A Note on the Origins of this Piece This piece is an attempt to reproduce some of the ideas and methods of nonrepresentational writing that I been exposed to in my Anthropology 4099 Visual Cultures class. It aims to valorize the unfolding of the ordinary without over-determining it with any particular theoretical underpinnings. This piece owes its gratitude and appreciation to my classmates, for our endless class conversations, discussions, and mind-stretching negotiations on people, affect, and objects. Primarily, all gratefulness goes to our mentor Kiven Strohm, for running this class and for allowing us to grow and express as freely, uninhibitedly, and liberatingly as we have done. His ideas and conversations will always guide and adorn our mysterious futures.

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S o c i e t y & C u lt u r e

g n i z i t a m g i t s De Stigma a Mouss a n m u Y

A blind man accompanied by a girl with a pixie cut enters a shop in Downtown Cairo. Heads turn around to examine the couple; expressions of bewilderment and ridicule could be traced in staring faces. The couple even hear a number of verbal harassments such as โ€œHe wouldnโ€™t be with her if he could see that sheโ€™s mannishโ€โ€ฆetc.

I

t is evident that Egyptian society has been largely characterized by a stigmatizing culture that attacks differences. Efforts to deal with such a proliferation of social displacement of the โ€œdifferentโ€ usually involve portrayal of stigma itself as a result of the construction of a biased social consciousness that has no place for the โ€œotherโ€. The depiction of stigma through those terms results in the reduction of all its complex layers into a simplistic ontology that posits the existence of stigma as based directly on bigotry and antagonism towards differences. It is no surprise that such simplistic efforts to deal with stigma fail horribly and not only augment the problem, but also lead to the creation of more stigmatized categories. A more efficient attempt to deal with the problem of stigma may be to understand its multifarious contrasts between visibility and obscurity, group alignment and rebellion, as well as societal molds and hegemonic power structures. It is very important to understand that the problem of stigma is not the problem of differences, but that of visible differences. The claim that Egyptian society rejects all differences without discrimination contains a fundamental oversight of the important role that visibility plays in amplifying

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stigma. Sociologist Erving Goffman states that differences become visible in circumstances where they pose a threat to the usual manner in which a certain state of affairs is carried out. For instance, the presence of a short person in a group of tall people might not be stigmatized if everyone needs to give an oral presentation for a job meeting; however, if that same group goes to play basketball after work, the probability that the short person will be stigmatized becomes higher. Visibility of differences, and not just the presence of differences alone, is markedly what creates a fertile soil for stigma. The concept of visibility also gives rise to fear and highlights how some differences pose a threat to certain societal orders. As Goffman extrapolates, all societies construct a set of criteria that they use to categorize people based on various qualifications to help distinguish between those who do, in fact, belong to the constructed imaginary of a given society and those who are perceived as outsiders. This sort of categorization is initially a survival instinct, much like how the human body uses antigens to identify its own members and distinguish foreign bodies and microbes. โ€œCategorizationโ€ in this sense is not that inimical and, as a matter of fact, may be beneficial in some instances when


there is a surge of outside culture threatening the demise of the existing historical traditions. However, categorization can sometimes go to astonishing lengths, to the extent that it no longer takes the form of protection, but attacks the very members of a given society. As established power structures in society become controlled by specific groups with interests against other sects in society, benign categorization transforms into stigma. Rather than identifying actually threatening outsiders, stigma identifies the members of a society as enemies or undesired parasites, similar to how the body starts attacking its own cells in an autoimmune response. Hegemonic powers in Nazi Germany identified German Jews as enemies, and they also identified the colored in Apartheid South Africa as less human. In Egyptian society, a rape victim is considered a used and filthed property, a handicap makes an incomplete human, and a girl with tomboy pants and a pixie cut is considered a disgrace. Despite the fact that all these examples are those of real members of Egyptian society, stigmatization renders them as complete outsiders; undesirables who are unrightfully consuming space and resources. Another somewhat innocuous basis for stigma in Egypt is the social sense of justice and punishment. Egyptians see differences as potential threats, and thus the fear that results gives rise to a state of culpability that accompanies the stigmatized. A mentally ill Egyptian is guilty of not fitting societyโ€™s ideal expectations, failing to take action autonomously, and for putting those around him/her in a perturbed state. Equally guilty is any member of society who does not fit to societal molds, or has even accepted the presence of those who do not fit in. Examples include the taboo of marrying from a family that has a history of mental or psychological illness, or the ungrounded disgrace that accompanies a divorced woman, or even the rejection that constantly accompanies criminals and their families even though they have already served their sentences. One understanding of such a phenomenon could see it as an augmented reactionary behavior towards transgressions on religious or societal orders; a distorted mixing of the concepts of โ€œHalalโ€ and โ€œHaramโ€ could be one reason why Egyptians do not easily accept rape victims, or previous convicts within the context of the Muslim culture that dominates. This is obviously not just a phenomenon in Egypt, but is present in other societies as well; and, it could be said that it stems from the need to authenticate repudiation of rebellion against societal orders.

onto those belonging to stigmatized categories; yet, it is arguably evident that the stigmatized themselves view their differences as incompatible with society. In a sense, the stigmatized desire group alignment. They donโ€™t actively desire to be different, but they accidentally form an โ€œout-groupโ€ due to social characteristics they canโ€™t change or escape. At the root of stigma lie the two concepts of social protection and justice. Contrary to the usual efforts that identify stigma as stemming from blind hatred to differences, this understanding accounts for the starting basis of stigma that, due to its seemingly innocuous nature, is allowed to grow in Egyptian society until society reaches the undesirable stage of stigma. Stigma itself is stigmatized. Attempts made to understand the roots of stigma show that it is a result of augmented reactionary behavior that could, at times, prevent danger and provide a comforting sense of justice. Attempts of society to organize behavior through conceptual frames accidentally result in the organization and confinement of personalities, which in turn produce stigma. To stop the outbreak of stigma in Egypt, we would first need to understand that how we react to and implement the underlying principles of stigma, and not the principles themselves, is what creates the problem.

โ€œAt the root of stigma lie the two concepts of social protection and justice.โ€

On the other end of the scale, stigmatization is reproduced both internally and externally by the stigmatized. Goffman discusses in his book โ€œStigmaโ€ how even the stigmatized stigmatize others who possess the very differences they themselves were rejected for, and how they stigmatize themselves since stigma results from identifying differences as barriers to the usual flow of life events. In Egypt for instance, you may find an ex-convict refusing to let his daughter marry an ex-convict, or a divorced woman refusing to allow her daughter to get a divorce. True, such action may stem from the fear of pressure that society exercises

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S o c i e t y & C u lt u r e Adam and Eve Painting by Peter Paul Rubens

y t i n a f o r l P a t e i n c O o S n e er e d w n t e e G B & s t n i a r t s Con pectations Ex Ibrahim Mayar

*All names used in this article have been altered due to concerns of privacy.


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here may be gender related stereotypes, as well as societal views linked to proper decorum and accepted behaviors in Egypt. But when it comes to profanity, the discrimination between sexes becomes more than clear. There is this explicit expectation that a woman should not curse under the premise that it runs counter to her nature. By adding the patriarchal ingredient along with sexist spice, you have the perfect package that justifies men using curse words as a demonstration of masculinity, coolness, strength, etc. The deterioration of a girlโ€™s reputation, meeting clear non-negotiable social expectations, and having to cope with the possibility of becoming an alienated being in her own society, are all thoughts that loom freely in a girlโ€™s mind while considering the mere prospect of swearing. This is not to justify an act, but to describe the factors that normalized an action for men and prohibited it for women.

voices, but when a girl does so, it is just too shocking.โ€ Of course, this is not an attempt to reflect on the entire society through the lenses of two young men. It is rather to understand the views of some young males regarding profanity.

The general sentiment is that a girl should not swear. But some, upon hearing a swear word from a girl, are more lenient than others. They consider the degree, context, and beauty variables. Does the situation call for such a word to be said out loud? How severe is the curse word? Is the girl attractive enough for us to tolerate her bad language? While others say that they feel that women lose their femininity the moment their mouths open up and curse, it is indisputable that there is a direct correlation between a personโ€™s background, class, and upbringing, and his or her language. Nevertheless, a look of discomfort, usually accompanied by a condescending smirk, is almost always directed at the girls who swear.

A lot of guys say I donโ€™t curse in front of girls because I know it would offend them. The only reason the idea even exists is because you think women should not curse. They are supposed to be delicate and more respectable than men. Why is there a different standard?

Upon an interview with a couple of AUC male students and asking them to give their thoughts the moment they hear a girl swearing, Ahmed said: If I was sitting with anyone, a boy or a girl, and he or she swore 24/7, I would definitely hate that, regardless of their gender. However, I can accept a boy cursing more frequently than a girl. And to be honest, I am usually turned off by such behavior from a girl. He continued and generalized his disdain towards the notion of profanity and emphasized the fact that he will not attempt to change the girl if she was used to swearing. โ€œAt the end of the day, itโ€™s a bad action. It does not mean that she is a bad person. After all, perhaps she is better than me,โ€ he continued. โ€œSince I was young at school, girls used to swear in front of me all the timeโ€ says Mohamed. He continued: And it is ok. But there had to be some sort of a degree and limit to it. If she crossed a certain level and started using severe curse words, I would definitely hate that. It is such a turn off! And same goes for boys as well; donโ€™t you girls hate it when boys swear too much in front of you?

Rania, a student at AUC, disagreed with the views of these young men. Rania asserted: If there is any difference between the way you view a woman for cursing and the way you view a man for cursing, this is sexist. You are entitled to your own opinion about cursing in general. As long as I do not like cursing in men and women, then it is fine; it is not an issue. The idea here is that a woman is being frowned upon just because of the way she speaks using curse words. She stated another controversial point, which is the usage of profanity in front of women.

These are general glimpses of our generationโ€™s stand on this issue. But analytically speaking, there are three types of girls with distinct opinions, stances, and actions regarding this topic. Firstly, there is the conservative type; the one who can be regarded as conformist, accepting the notion that it is indecent for a girl to use such words while it is slightly normal for men to use them. In this category, other girls despise both the girls and boys who swear. Secondly, the adaptable type. This type is very interesting. A girl that falls under this group is one whose behavior is affected by the people around her, sometimes she swears to fit in and other times she does not, depending on the people around. Thirdly, the cool unorthodox type. This girl does not care about society and says whatever she wants regardless of the people present. Some girls within this category take it to an extreme and swear most of the time. Using vulgarity as a source of social resistance is an erroneous concept in its essence. Yet some girls unconsciously use it. Extremism and inexplicable orthodoxy breed extremism of a whole other sort. When a society keeps pressuring girls to accept a defined framework of which she cannot escape, eventually she will use eccentric kinds of social expression that are meant to break societal constraints in one way or another. What is wrong is wrong, with both boys and girls. The condemnation that a girl receives for being obscene, for instance, should be equivalent to that of a boy, no more or any less. Reprimanding a group, while turning a blind eye on another, provokes unfavorable consequences.

Mohamed then explained the reason behind societal tolerance towards boys regarding this matter, โ€œEven if boys used curse words, it suits them. Suits their body structure and

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S o c i e t y & C u lt u r e

f o a m g i t S e h T cond Wife a Se awad G l u d b A Farah

Scene from the Harem by Fernand Cormon, 1877

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here are few things as revealing of public sentiment towards polygamy as the etymology of the word โ€œsecond wifeโ€ in Arabic. The word dhurra is derived from the Arabic word dharar, meaning harm. The language itself predicts a conflict in the practice of polygamy and decrees that all women who share a husband are bound to engage in eternal strife. However, neither one of them may ever emerge victorious, as the existence of the other speaks to their respective lacking nature. A slew of questions emerge at this point: was the first wife not good enough? Is the second wife not good enough that the man would choose to keep the first one around? In Egypt, when a woman is about to get married, she is peppered with seemingly well-intentioned advice that does nothing but decimate her confidence. She is told how she is to conduct herself at every moment around her husband, lest he take a second wife. The threat of polygamy hangs over her head throughout the course of her marriage. At this point, it is necessary to trace the historical origins of this practice that earns the oxymoronic title of โ€œsocially-acceptable tabooโ€.

In the pre-Islamic Middle East, there was no limit on the number of wives a man could take. According to studies, some men had around twenty wives, many of whom were his relatives, including his nieces, slaves he owned, and women he married for political and economic purposes. Marriages were also often arbitrated to establish peace between clans and were in many ways merely contractual agreements rather than sacramental ones. With the advent of Islam, marriage came to be more codified. Men could only have a maximum of four wives and even that was subject to a number of rules. The verses in the Holy Qurโ€™an that discuss polygamy repeatedly state that absolute equality between the wives needs to be established. Since such a condition is almost impossible to achieve, men should not take a second, or even a third, or a fourth wife, without there being a pressing need to do so. These needs have been outlined in the Qurโ€™an and primarily revolve around the need to financially support widows and orphan girls, who were often marginalized in society. Other needs, as delineated by scholars, include having children if the first wife is infertile and providing marital security for women in a society where women outnumbered men. It is important to note that Islam merely permitted polygamy as a last resort in certain social situations and did not decree that all its followers practice it. This foretells of polygamyโ€™s relative inapplicability in society. In case someone wishes to take a second wife, Islam provides them with a role model in the person of the Prophet Mohammad (PBH). The Prophet had nine wives, several of whom were either widows or orphans, and he made sure to treat them with equality and kindness. Although common men will not be able to realize this level of justice, they can strive to it to the best of their abilities. They are also limited to four wives, not nine, which in itself is an

extraordinary case. The problems surrounding polygamy arise from the fact that people are aware that one of the wives will not be treated fairly. In Egypt, the stigma of polygamy seems to land almost exclusively on women. Instead of warning the man from taking a second wife, society chooses to blame the women instead. It is usually the second wife who is accused of being the home-wrecker, the infiltrator. Countless Egyptian television shows depict the second wife as a destructive villainess who seeks to financially exploit the man. Much in the same way, the first wife is depicted as a nagging, ungrateful shrew who drove her husband into the arms of another woman. Although these portrayals have very little basis in reality, they prove to be self-fulfilling prophecies as people take cues from these shows. Television can only sell sensationalized versions of events and without proper education, it becomes difficult to reject these portrayals. Once people partake in these pre-assigned social roles, gender dynamics come to play a bigger role in the practice of polygamy. Why are the men, the ones who are initiating this second marriage, completely absolved of all scrutiny? Men are rarely criticized for taking a second wife. On the contrary, they are often lauded as heroes, or as being especially virile when they do so. Even though they create the situation of polygamy, often without due cause, they are completely absolved of the responsibility of its consequences. Why then is society so ready and willing to allocate all blame on women? Once women are marginalized from political and economic sectors of life, through institutionalized sexism, that disadvantages them in the workplace and the social sphere, it is easy to assign social ills to them. This cyclical process serves to alienate women further as all that is โ€œwomanlyโ€ is deemed wrong. Consequently, sexism exacerbates the effects of polygamy on women. Women who are pigeonholed into certain roles experience extreme psychological distress as they fight against stereotypes. For example, a second wife must not only establish an identity independent of her husband so as not to be accused of being a gold-digger, but must also fight against the other wife as society pits them against one another.

โ€œOnce people partake in these pre-assigned social roles, gender dynamics come to play a bigger role in the practice of polygamy.โ€

This is not a call to hate on men. It is merely an observation on the workings of sexism in society. Even women have internalized this form of sexism and subject other women to bad treatment based on it. They are the first to attack a second wife and accuse her of all manner of misconduct. Since polygamy is a practice that is allowed by Islam, no party, neither man nor woman, should be demonized for practicing it. Theoretically speaking, sticking to the exact decrees placed by religion ought to guarantee full equality between spouses. It is human failure to achieve this equality that causes injustice and ill treatment.

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Opinion

I

remember in middle school the paper I was assigned about whether I am an introvert or an extrovert. While writing the paper, I felt quite sorry for myself because I was clearly an introvert. โ€œIntroverts are the losers,โ€ is what I thought to myself. That is because introverts are often portrayed as boring, awkward, cowardly, oblivious, uptight and the list goes on. All these negative traits are associated with the typical โ€œloser.โ€ On the other hand, there are the extroverts, who are charismatic, fun and outgoing. They are seen as winners of job interviews, successful in brainstorming sessions, and excellent at first impressions.

I have seen parents apologize for how โ€œquietโ€ their child is. I have come across multiple articles that are titled, โ€œHow to Deal with/Take Care of an Introvert,โ€ and, โ€œ10 Steps to Become More Outgoing,โ€ and many more. This clearly shows that being an introvert is something unnatural that holds a person back; therefore, they need fixing. Not only that but they are also perceived as difficult to deal with. Others need to tiptoe around introverts and treat them differently. Another reason why a person feels that he/she needs to โ€œcureโ€ his/her introversion is because quieter people are often subjects to abuse. While the ability to defend oneself is not related to being an introvert or an extrovert, introvertsโ€™ quiet demeanor is often seen as weak. Introversion is often synonymous with shyness and antisocial behavior. While it is possible to be a shy or anti-social introvert, it is not the same as being just an introvert. Introverts are capable of socializing, but they feel overwhelmed and drained when socializing compromises their alone time. Extroverts usually feed on the energy and inspiration their external environment provides whilst introverts gain it from their reflective thinking. In other words, introverts constantly engage in inner conversations because they do not have the capacity to endure overstimulating social environments for long periods. They may seem quiet, but serenity is far from their heads. Thus, introverts often prefer to recharge through solitude. Due to the previously mentioned reasons and many more, fellow introverts would agree with the fallacy that states that introverts have it just as easy as extroverts do. If you look around you, you will find that this world is mostly designed for extroverts. According to Susan Cain, the author of the bestseller Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Wonโ€™t Stop Talking, workspaces and classrooms are laid out in a way that perpetuates constant group brainstorming and socialization. Cain then states that most of the current work environments are overly stimulating, which is quite ideal to an extrovert but unfortunate to an introvert; classrooms in schools are similar. According to Cain, students are often grouped together and sat at a table rather than individual disks; then they are graded on their contribution to class discussions. As a result, introverts are indirectly forced to become more extroverted. While some are able to become so eventually, Cain thinks it is a waste, since introverts reach the peak of their potential when they are left to reflect internally.

t r e v o r t n I An eaks Up Sp

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e a Khidr Rowaid

By Zhanat Darmenov Flickr


However, Cain did acknowledge that group work is quite effective and important, but still, it cannot entirely replace individual efforts. Moreover, quiet people are rarely seen as great leaders. One explanation is that they do not have the charisma of an extrovert that would bring popularity. If an introvert takes a personality quiz that determines the perfect job for them, they will receive results such as writers, mathematicians, philosophers. While these professions are great, jobs that require leadership will not make it onto an introvertโ€™s list. This implies that an introvert can be his/her own boss but never a leader to others. Nevertheless, this is not set in stone, since in real life, some of the worldโ€™s most influential leaders and public figures consider themselves introverts. Steven Spielberg, Bill Gates, Meryl Streep, J.K. Rowling and Mark Zuckerberg are all introverts, who also happen to be successful and influential figures. Another prevalent misconception is that introverts lack self-confidence. While the negative perception of introverts can be a downer, introversion and confidence are not mutually exclusive. Dharmesh Shah, introvert and cofounder of HubSpot, sees that quietness and listening can be confidence at its best. According to his article, โ€œNine Qualities of Truly Confident People,โ€ โ€œConfidence is not bravado or an overt pretense of bravery.โ€ Quietness proves that introverts do not seek approval from everyone. Additionally, their inclination to be independent while working proves that they trust their capabilities. They truly have faith in themselves. However, some introverts may suddenly act out of character and decide to talk rather than listen. This is because, like most dichotomies, the introvert-extrovert dichotomy is actually false. In fact, it is more of a spectrum rather than two separate teams. Each person can lean towards one side more than the other can. Thus, one person can simultaneously be an extrovert and an introvert but in different situations. Even

extreme introverts can have instances when they are the loudest in the room. Our complex way of socializing is one of the factors that considers humans to be highly, evolved species. Thus, socializing for us is key and the lack of it can highly affect our mental state. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge that introverts do not entirely abhor socializing. On the contrary, like other โ€œnormalโ€ people, introverts have friends and enjoy interesting conversations and exchanging opinions. However, they prefer more one-on-one interactions and less stimulating environments; thus, introverts appreciate alone time yet do not always desire or need solitude. Along the years, excellent literature has been published on the power of introversion; that it is an advantage rather than a flaw. Quiet and observant, introverts are able to recognize the unclear. For example, they can spot people with unpleasant personalities the moment they meet them; not only because they are attentive, but also because these unpleasant people are likely to badly treat introverts due to their quiet nature. Introverts may be the first ones to experience unpleasant behavior from others because they are seen as easy targets. Nonetheless, this does not mean that introverts are more intelligent than extroverts are. In fact, the nature of a person does not determine how smart or competent he/she is. Despite introvertsโ€™ continuous efforts to correct misconceptions, most societies remain biased toward extroverted people and their nature, which implies that introverts remain misunderstood and undervalued. Introverts still get the, โ€œyouโ€™re so quiet,โ€ with a concerned or annoyed look or the the even worse, โ€œYou said something? I didnโ€™t know you could talk!โ€ from others. So, I suggest that introverts should all come together to fix this issue. I am just kidding. Each one shall think about this on his/her own time.

27


Opinion

Marta Cogoni Flickr

S

omeone once told me that prior to the discovery of the vocal chords, the sound of the human voice was thought to literally emerge from the heart. Whether that statement is historically accurate, it has left me wondering why human beings could have failed to understand such a simple fact about their being. How is it that such a sophisticated process of articulation, stemming from the mind, emanating in our throats, and thrust into the open world could be stripped down to a sole source: the heart? Perhaps, all of this could be relayed to a lack of knowledge. But even now, it seems like we have never been further away from discovering the truth about our own voices. It seems to me, without the shadow of a doubt, that so many of us cannot tell whom our voices belong to, and maybe even if we have ones at all.

t a h T e c i o V s e e h s T er Cea Nev i aghrab M l E a Duny

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Religious fascism has left us stumbling between the culturally inappropriate and the divinely condemned. Vicious authoritarianism has confined us in the dreadful cycle of attempting to survive in the most horrid of human conditions, and a rapidly changing social reality has taken away our control over our own bodies, minds, and destinies. It is rather easy to blame this on failed revolts; on ugly aftermaths and crushed passions for change, but these very same failures are the ones that have uncovered the true weight of denial. We are the sons and daughters of the generation which bore the burden of silence heavier than anyone else, and it is us who have took it upon ourselves to take it off their shoulders, and ours. We were born to parents who taught us how to obstruct desires. We were told never to raise our voices to the elderly and never to stray too far off the beaten path. We were shown how never to dress differently, think differently, or be differently. Some of us were allowed access to knowledge; most of us learned to actively pursue that knowledge in uncensored networks, beyond the reach of the family or the state. More and more, we came to be defined by what we were not, by our inadequacies, by our differences, and most importantly by our attempts to break free from the shackles of tradition. The difference is stark between a generation which has spent decades conforming to and creating things that limit, that deter, and that circumcise desires and ideas; and another unhindered by boundaries. Such struggles with authority are not as contemporary as we might think they are. One of the most controversial attempts at challenging authority has been with Socrates, the classical Greek philosopher, who was put on trial for being his cityโ€™s most tenacious social and moral critic. With Athens rapidly spinning into political and societal corruption, it might have been easy for Socrates to fall in line and conform to the oppressive status quo. Instead, he practiced his utmost understanding of philosophy: as the simple love of oneโ€™s comrades and oneโ€™s community. For Socrates, the act of speaking up, of being the restless gadfly that arouses his deteriorating Athens to life, was ultimately an act of love. For Socrates, love was the attempt to be discursive. Love was refusing complacency in injustice and in fear. Perhaps centuries later, we could better understand how such struggles with authority are enough to eventually lead to unequivocal tensions. Unlike Socrates, for us the mere opportunity of being put on a stand, being allowed to voice our opinions โ€“ as unappealing and infuriating as they might be to the rest of the community โ€“ has been taken away. The generations of our parents, and their parents before them, have created a single narrative that was not to be contested. In every home, the judge, the court, and the jury were set as to not allow a single person to be decadent or different. With no outlets for our ideas, our dreams, and our desires, the strain to push our voices into the public sphere

became momentous. By being put under the strain of changing sociopolitical realities and by being exposed to breathtaking amounts of technological progress, we have quickly come to a new realization. We suddenly understood that the curtailing of our voices as too inexperienced, the rejection of our innovative forms of expression as too immature or too radical, and the desire to fit millions of the young and free into molds of society were transgressions against our right to being. We had to peddle the promise of change and we had to do it the only way we knew how to, to become our authentic selves. Maybe that was best articulated by millions taking to the streets, chanting away their desperation one January morning. That day, hope was synonymous with obscenity and voice was just another word for treason. Yet, both were rapidly impossible to contain. Voice was not the mere product of the delusional few; making a speech on a university campus or exchanging news about the latest regime atrocities โ€“ voice was now running in megabytes across colonially created state boundaries and formerly indestructible barriers of despair. Voice did not require massive platforms or well-educated minds, it did not need the power of money or fame, or politics to be sustained. Voice no longer required even words, because those people were held together by an inarticulate force and it was genuine; it was fearless, and it was ruthless. In hindsight, I wonder if maybe all of this has started long before our Spring โ€“ and maybe it was meant to be preserved after. What long ago seemed impossible was actually within the palms of our hands, only we could not see it. Differences once projected, as taboo and desires made to appear as discursive and destructive, all of a sudden became welcomed. It is this very shift in my own, and millions of other peopleโ€™s, perception that finally made me understand why is it that our ancestors believed voice to belonged to the heart โ€“ simply because it did. All the way from Socrates, to the Arab Spring and until today, it is crystal clear. The heart, that is the driving force of the human body, was always meant to be the one allowing us to speak. Without our desires to be heard, our abilities to communicate all that intimidates and inspires us, and our attempts to produce the static energy that defines us as human beings and as communities we cease to exist as either. The heart pumps blood, but it also pumps hope. And there is nothing in this world more hopeful than to believe you matter; you belong. Whether it is you, standing together with unfathomable masses in a square and chanting your fears away, or alone typing down a few lines to try to stand up for what you truly believe in. In an alley, in a courtroom, in a home. In a prison cell, in a classroom, or in bloodstained streets. Speak up, make them listen, and make them care. No matter what it costs and no matter where it leaves you, break the deafening silence and be the voice that will never cease.

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C r e at i v e W r i t i n g

Images courtesy of Dail Mail, BlackPatient

, e m y h R l Gir a Time Te k K. Clar Lauren

From two different worlds, they landed in a space, where the Sphinx secretly laughs at those claiming to know of her existence. The union of Black love. A celebration of Black womenโ€™s love and a sisterly bond that defies timeโ€™s testaments and nourishes the essence of travelโ€™s kisses.

โ€œT

his is our daughter, Natasha,โ€ said Mona Tadros, as she pointed to the pictures located in the living room. Inside the mansion, Linda noticed the lavishness of and the pictures that hung in the space that surrounded her. She never thought that the world of teaching would effect her life the way it has. But it did. Originally from Chicago, Illinois, Linda came to Cairo primarily to begin the next stage of her studies as a graduate student at the American University in Cairo; nevertheless, time had additional plans for her journey. Fast-forwarding to the beauty of the present moment, a young girl playfully skipped downstairs. โ€œNatasha, please come here. I would like to introduce you to someone.โ€ The young girl walked over in curiosity; the dark-skinned woman had captivated her attention. โ€œNatasha, this is your new English tutor.โ€

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The eyes of teacher and student met. Standing in silence, the young pupil looked several times between her mother and theโ€ฆother woman. โ€œHello, my dear. I am Ms. Linda. I do look forward to working with you my love.โ€ Reaching her hand out towards the young student, Linda embraced the young girlโ€™s hand briefly. โ€œAlright, Mom. Do you have any questions for me?โ€ โ€œNo. Ms. Linda, I will be upstairs. Wumi will inform me when you have finished.โ€ When the student and teacher convened at the dining room table, the lesson began. They worked to learn the mystery of metaphors, similes, personifications, hyperboles, and the painting of words. Lindaโ€™s attention roamed towards the kitchenโ€™s entrance. The slight noise of pots clinking and water boiling was an introduction to the Nigerian woman who would soon grace her presence. โ€œWould you like anything to drink Madame?โ€ asked a slightly tall, almond-colored woman. Linda was enamored with her presence. Her voice had the power to create music even in the depth of the waters. It was an intrinsic ecstasy, as two daughters of the blood berry stopped time; like a subtle memory, reminding her of previous lifetime encounters. Linda answered, โ€œYes, Maโ€™am. May I please have tea with honey?โ€ Wumi silently nodded her head in approval. Things were beautiful between the teacher and the student. At least for that moment. It was only the first lesson and the partnership had only begun. However, little did Ms. Linda know that she would soon be the student in another lesson. Heading home, Linda was left with memories of the day. Waiting in her Zamalek apartment would be class assignments, work, and a long-term secret of chronic depression. Medication never worked and the calming nature of her boyfriend failed. It was her secret. She owned it. Every part of it. Black women are strong. They can take on the problems of the world, deny their own needs, and continue to be STRONG. This was the anecdote of her existence; recognition that these women were even in pain was a fairytale. They were plagued into a superhuman reality, where tears were not met with compassion. At least, not for her kind. Nights found Linda awake in a nightmarish maze, next to a South Sudanese man whose own war-torn narrative could relate to the struggle of psychic torture and memory. She moved her small frame into his arms, for the feel of human touch brought her some relief. But, soon she would have to revert to wearing the mask. The next week found Linda back with Natasha, and patience became the test. Homework was always incomplete and her pupilโ€™s excuses were โ€œjustifiedโ€ by her mother. However, Linda would anticipate her encounter with Wumi. The presence of this Goddess before her brought a peaceful wind towards the rhythm of her breathing. Gradually, their smiles became more frequent. It was not long until they would have another conversation. And they did. . . Once at โ€œLa Mansion,โ€ it was just the two of them; the family had yet to arrive, since Linda came earlier than usual. The

traditional offering of tea broke the ice between the two and Girl Talk was in session. โ€œSo, what brought you here?โ€ asked Linda. โ€œWork. Wanting a better life for my daughter,โ€ answered Wumi. โ€œWhere is your daughter?โ€ โ€œBack in Nigeria, in school. I am saving up because I want her to go to university.โ€ Silence lingered in the dining room. โ€œMay I ask you something?โ€ inquired Linda. โ€œWhat is it like working here in Cairo?โ€ The wide grin that appeared on Wumiโ€™s face entailed many secrets. โ€œI am a Muslim woman and I work for a Christian family. I am very fortunate to work for this family because they treat me well. But, it is not easy to work here for us African women. Natasha is a spoiled brat and she knows that I do not like her.โ€ Sipping her cup of tea, Linda listened to Wumiโ€™s words. โ€œIโ€™m just curious,โ€ spoke Linda, already knowing that her suspicions would be confirmed by asking this question. โ€œDoes Natasha ever study?โ€ โ€œNo,โ€ affirmed Wumi. โ€œShe doesnโ€™t study. I have never seen her study.โ€ Whispers continued between the girls, the tea they drank being the only keeper of time. A pained expression suddenly took over Wumiโ€™s previously smiling face. โ€œThere are times when I have had to sneak food to two other African ladies working in one of the neighborโ€™s house because their Madame wasnโ€™t feeding them. Many times, they are told to drink tap water from the sink,โ€ she said. Lindaโ€™s stomach churned with pain as she remembered the story of her own foremothers in the U.S. Domestic Workers, who overcame the pains of Jim Crow and reared the children of Southern, White families. The pain of feeling like a mule, of being deemed as less of a woman; a used rag, who is expected to support the wellbeing of others, while her own was neglected. Despite her education, the โ€œmaid-likeโ€ image was always projected onto Linda. โ€œDo you ever think about love? Or have you ever experienced love?โ€ asked Linda. โ€œYes. And sex. I love thinking about both. Tasting both,โ€ laughed Wumi. โ€œWell, cheers to that my dear,โ€ giggled Linda. Clinking their mugs together, they enjoyed the rest of their tea. Laughing and talking about lifeโ€™s rollercoaster ride, they begun a new friendship that would undo yesterdayโ€™s pains. Through Wumi, Linda would find the healing medicine that she was searching for all along.

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C r e at i v e W r i t i n g

By Anastazja Stanowska Flickr

ise

aloui

aand By am r Flick

t o N d i I D e On Mov orsy Doaa M

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Photography by Madalena Aranha

Denial

Anger

Bargaining

Depression

AcceptancE

Donโ€™t worry, my love. You are always here with me. I am holding you in my mind, in my heart and in my every breath. You are always here โ€“ even if I forget for a second, thereโ€™s a distant aching pain within me that is always here. Thereโ€™s despair, desolation, melancholy that moved in and occupied my world. The tides of pain donโ€™t stay away for long, Iโ€™d remember your smile, your laugh, or your touch and I am swept back to hell, bleeding, battered, and my raw gushing wound reopened.

Of course I am angry, I am furious at God, at my family, at everyone I meet. The talks about destiny and a bigger plan make me feel sick. I donโ€™t want to hear why losing you is a good thing, and how they twist it into a test of my faith. Taking you away from me is wrong; it is unforgivable. Stop telling me how I should feel Godโ€™s grace while I feel like a black bottomless pit of despair. Stop telling me that I should forget, move on, and let go. My world is shattered; I am laying on the broken pieces of it, bleeding and alone. I am angry at God who took a hammer and broke me. I am angry at others who have their worlds intact and they donโ€™t understand the enormity, the vastness, the hugeness of the pain.

I know you are gone, my love, but I am not letting you go. All my days are dedicated to you. I always go to our favorite place and sit for hours. I feel you next to me. You are the only one I have, the only one who understands me. Everything I own, everything in my life, reminds me of you. Remember how hard we laughed when my car broke downโ€ฆ? Remember that outfit you hate and I used to always wear to tease youโ€ฆ? Remember our favorite showโ€ฆ? I canโ€™t bring myself to watch it without you. Even a taste, a sound, a word reminds me of something you once told me, something we once shared. Everything reminds me of you. Everything hurts, my love.

I am deep in darkness, my love. I canโ€™t go on pretending any more. Iโ€™ve lost the energy to fake being โ€œfineโ€. I am not fine. I feet wretched, I feel lost in a dark barren land, all alone. Why would I want to move, talk, or eat? The pain has engulfed me, and you know whatโ€ฆI donโ€™t have it in me to fight it back anymore. I surrender, I leap into the hurt, into all the memories, and I let them paralyze me into a deadening state. People force me to move, eat, and they think a good movie would cure me. Can you imagine, my love? They are way out at the surface; a million miles away from the pit of despair. They say I need to be strong and pull it together. They will never understand, my strength is holding on to you and itโ€™s you, my love, who is keeping me all together. I feel you, gathering my broken pieces with care and saving me from being scattered and lost.

Donโ€™t worry, my love. I hold you in me, always. I refuse to move on. I will hold onto you forever. You are all I have.

Since losing you, Iโ€™ve become truly alone. All those around me pity me and fear me. Imagine that I make them feel awkward, uncomfortable. My loss inconveniences them. They tell me to move on; that I shouldโ€™ve been fine by now. I hold in my tears, I stopped saying your name, and I join their artificial world of niceties and cordialities. I fake talking, I fake smiling, I fake livingโ€ฆI feel dead inside. Donโ€™t worry, my love. I hold you in me, always.

I am not allowed to shout your name, my love. I want to. I want to call out for you with all the air in my lungs. I want to curse at everything and yell. I want to break everything around me. I break further inside, into a million smaller pieces.

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Movie Review

y a l P l r i G rn e t n a L e h T Raisevie Review Mo . Clark K n e r Lau

T

he secret world of women is placed on trial! And who is left to judge, but men. That is the narrative of the acclaimed film, Raise the Red Lantern. Directed by Zhang Yimou and written by Ni Zhen, the 1991 film renders the audience to the 1920โ€™s era in China. Prior to the Chinese Civil War, the culture of first, second, third, and fourth wife wraps around the world of psychology and the struggle of the feminine psyche in a world where menโ€™s words rule! Here enter the women and main characters this world of men.

The film starts off with the story of the Fourth Wife, called Songlian. A woman, whose first love was education, until her father died. After moving from one patriarch to another, Songlian finally marries into the Chen Family. From there onwards, she becomes the eye. Out of the four wives, Songlian is the one who sees and experiences all in the first introduction into the secret world of the family hierarchy. First Mistress, Yuru, has given the greatest gift that a โ€œgood, Chinese wifeโ€ could give to her husband: a son. Having accomplished the ultimate feat of validation, the First Mistress safely ensures that she is out of the competition. Also joining the action is the Second Mistress, Zhou. She is known for having, โ€œa Buddhaโ€™s face and a scorpionโ€™s heart.โ€ However, the Third Mistress, Meishan, revealโ€™s hypocritical Zhouโ€™s true faรงade. Meishan, formerly an opera singer, had many talents that understate her position. Her romantic affair with Dr. Gao further addresses the reality of this genre of Chinese women, who marry for survival and not for love. A sacred trust connects Meishan and Songlian in their matriculation of this world.

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The challenge begins. On her wedding night, Songlian experiences the benefits of being a new bride when she receives gifts, massages, and a visit from her new husband. However, a while after she enters this world, the pains of reality take their course, as the โ€œroyal treatmentโ€ she received does not last. She discovers that every night, Master Chen selects a different wife to receive the โ€œroyal package.โ€ The wives fall into competition with each other. The womenโ€™s secret games for male validation becomes intense, even to the extent of death. A perfect discourse and analysis concerning how women have made her the enemy. One that is based on the hatred and scorn of each other, not the system that has brought them there. Using wit and cunning behavior to deceive each other in order to gain more attention, and alone time with Master Chen runs rapid. Throughout the film, the symbolism of the red lanterns rings true of luck and abundance. In Chinese culture, luck is equated to the color red. Throughout the Chen compound, red lanterns hang and float around the living quarters of each wife. They represent the lies that are told to these women every day. Pretending to find gratitude in the game of men at the price of their own existence and independence. Viewing the โ€œluckโ€ of the red lanterns re-addresses how womenโ€™s competition and domination under patriarchal rule is standard. For the women to be cared for, while under protection, is the epitome of โ€œluck.โ€ Womenโ€™s imprisonment is equated to a virtuous and respectable life. Womenโ€™s subservience to men is the normal imagery of womanhood for this genre of Chinese women. The psychosis of mental illness is vigilant in the film, especially at the end when Songlian goes insane after the murder of the Third Wife, Meishan. Wondering around the compound like a ghost of her past self, dressed in a school-girl uniform, Songlian has lost all contact with lifeโ€™s realities.

Courtesy of The Red List

And who is to blame? Is it the women themselves? Is the game they played on trial? Can one point the finger to Mr. Chen? And lastly, is it possible that Songlian is the one to blame? By entering this game, she has partaken in her own subjugation and that of the other women, regardless of her perceived innocence. The mental health of the women was already in turmoil. Songlianโ€™s ending tragedy just made it clear.

35


โ€ซุงู„ุตู€ู€ูˆุฑุฉ ู…ู†โ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชYoussuf Mohy ElDenโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชFlickrโ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซูƒโ€ฌ โ€ซู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุชู†ูŠู† ุดู€ู€ุงู‰ ู„ูˆ ุณู…ุญุชโ€ช...โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซู…ุตโ€ฌ

โ€ซูƒู†โ€ฌ

โ€ซุทูู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุตุจุฑูŠโ€ฌ

โ€ซู†ุฑูŠู€ู€ุฏ ุฃู† ู†ูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ูู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฌุฏูŠู€ู€ุฏุŸ ุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ุชุนู€ู€ุฑู ุฅุฌุงุจู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู€ู€ูƒู„ ุณู€ู€ุคุงู„ ุญูŠู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุณู€ู€ุชุนู„ู… ู…ุชู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุณู€ู€ูŠุชูˆู‚ู ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุญู€ู€ูˆู„โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซูƒุนู€ู€ุงุฏุฉ ูƒู„ ุฃุญู€ู€ุฏ ุชูˆุฌู€ู€ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุฎุงู„ู€ู€ุฏ ู…ู€ู€ุน ุตุฏูŠู‚ู€ู€ู‡ ุฃุญู…ู€ู€ุฏ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู‚ู‡ู€ู€ูˆุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุจุญู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุญุณู€ู€ูŠู† ู„ู…ุดู€ู€ุงู‡ุฏุฉ ุฅุญู€ู€ุฏู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุฎุงู„ู€ู€ุฏโ€ช :โ€ฌูƒุงู„ู… ุฌูŠู€ู€ุฏ ูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ุจู€ู€ุง ูุงุฆู€ู€ุฏุฉโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุจุงุฑุงูŠู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ู€ู€ุฏูˆุฑู‰ ุงุงู„ู†ุฌู„ูŠู€ู€ุฒู‰ ุงู„ู…ู„ุชู‡ู€ู€ุจโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูƒุงู†โ€ฌ โ€ซู†ุญู€ู€ู† ุฃุชูู€ู€ู‡ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู…ุดู€ู€ุงุฑูƒุฉ ูู€ู€ู‰ ุชุบูŠูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู„ู‚ู€ู€ุงุก ูŠุฌู…ู€ู€ุน ุจูŠู€ู€ู† ุงุงู„ุฑุณู€ู€ู†ุงู„ ูˆู…ุงู†ุดูŠุณู€ู€ุชุฑ ุณู€ู€ูŠุชู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุญูƒู€ู€ู… ูู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู†ุญู€ู€ู† ูƒู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ุฑุฌู€ู€ู„ ูŠุฌู€ู€ุฑูŠ ูˆุฑุงุก ู‚ุทู€ู€ุงุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงู†ุชู‡ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ูˆุท ุงุฃู„ูˆู„ ุจู†ุชูŠุฌู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชุนู€ู€ุงุฏู„ ุจู€ู€ุง ุฃู‡ู€ู€ุฏุงู ูˆูู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุงู„ุณู€ู€ุชุฑุงุญุฉ ูˆ ูŽุฏ ุฃุญู…ู€ู€ุฏ ุฃู† ูŠุชุญู€ู€ุฏุซ ุนู€ู€ู† ุงู„ูˆุถู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุญุงู„ู€ู€ู‰ ูู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุชุญู€ู€ุฑูƒ ูŠุฑูŠู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ู„ุญู€ู€ุงู‚ ุจู€ู€ู‡ ูู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุญุทู€ู€ุฉ ุฑูƒู€ู€ุจ ู…ู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ุนุธู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ูุจู€ู€ุฏุฃโ€ช :โ€ฌุชุฎูŠู€ู€ู„ ุฃู† ุนุถู€ู€ูˆ ูู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑู„ู…ู€ู€ุงู† ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ู€ู€ู‰ ูŠู‚ู€ู€ูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ุชุงุฑูƒูŠู€ู€ู† ุฎู„ูู‡ู€ู€ู… ุฃู…ุซุงู„ู†ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌุฃูˆ ูƒู…ู€ู€ุง ุฌู€ู€ุงุก ูู€ู€ู‰ ุงุฃู„ุซู€ู€ุฑโ€ ุฃู†ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูŠุทู„ู€ู€ุจ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฑูˆุณู€ู€ูŠุง ุงู„ุฏุนู€ู€ู… ู„ุถู€ู€ุฑุจ ุฏุงุนู€ู€ุดโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃูŠู€ู€ู† ู†ุญู€ู€ู† ู…ู€ู€ุด ุนุงุฑูู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃู†ู€ู€ุง ุชู‡ู€ู€ุช ู…ู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃู†ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ุด ุฃู†ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู„ู…ู€ู€ุง ู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠุทู„ู€ู€ุจ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฃู…ุฑูŠู€ู€ูƒุง ุญุชู€ู€ู‰ุŸโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ ุฏูŠ ู…ุงู„ู…ุญู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุงู„ ุดู€ู€ูƒู„ูŠ ุดู€ู€ูƒู„ูŠ ูˆุงู„ ุฏู‡ ุฃู†ู€ู€ุงโ€โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฎุงู„ู€ู€ุฏโ€ช :โ€ฌุฃู…ุฑูŠู€ู€ูƒุง ุงุทู…ุฆู†ู€ู€ุช ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุชุบู„ุบู€ู€ู„ ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏู‡ู€ู€ุง ุณู€ู€ูˆุงุก ุนุณู€ู€ูƒุฑูŠุง ู‹ โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูˆ ุซู‚ุงููŠู€ู€ุง ู‹ ูู€ู€ู‰ ู‚ู„ู€ู€ุจ ุงู„ูˆุทู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุนุฑุจู€ู€ู‰โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃู…ุฑูŠู€ู€ูƒุง ุงู„ ุชุญุชู€ู€ุงุฌ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุงุถู€ู€ู‰ ูƒู„ู€ู€ู‡ ูู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุถู€ู€ู‰ ูŠู€ู€ุง ุตุฏูŠู‚ู€ู€ู‰ โ€œุงุฎุช ูโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ุงู ุงู„ู†ูŽู‡ู€ู€ุง ูุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซู… ุฃูู†ุณู ู€ู€ูŠโ€ชโ€.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠู€ู€ู„ ูŠูู†ุณู€ู€ูŠ *** ุงุฐูƒูู€ู€ุฑุง ู„ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุตูู‘ุจู€ู€ุง ูŽูˆุฃูŽูŠู‘ู€ู€ุง ูŽโ€ฌ โ€ซูŽูˆุงู„ู„ูŽ ูโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุฌุงุฒูู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฑุฆูŠู€ู€ุณ ุงุฃู„ู…ุฑูŠูƒู€ู€ู‰ ูŠุฑูŠู€ู€ุฏ ุฅู†ู‡ู€ู€ุงุก ู…ุฏุชู€ู€ู‡ ุจู€ู€ุง ู…ุดู€ู€ุงูƒู„โ€ฌ โ€ซูƒู…ู€ู€ุง ุฃู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ู€ู€ู… ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ูุนู€ู€ุงู„ ูู€ู€ู‰ ุณู€ู€ูˆุฑูŠุง ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงุฃู„ุณู€ู€ุงุณโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุญู…ู€ู€ุฏโ€ช :โ€ฌู…ู€ู€ู† ู‚ู€ู€ุงู„ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุงุŸ!!! ุจู€ู€ุฏุฃ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠู€ู€ุฎ ู‚ุจู€ู€ู„ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุญู…ุฏโ€ช:โ€ฌุฃุนุชู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุฃู† ู‚ุฑุจู†ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุฌู†ู€ู€ูˆุจ ุงู„ุฑูˆุณู€ู€ู‰ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุฒู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ุฏุงุฆู…ู€ุง ู‹ ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ู‚ู„ู€ู€ุจ ุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุงุฅู„ุณู€ู€ุงู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุฌุนู€ู€ู„ ุฑูˆุณู€ู€ูŠุง ุชุจู€ู€ุงุฏุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฑูˆุณู€ู€ูŠุง ุงู„ ุชุฑูŠู€ู€ุฏ ูู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ูŠุทุฑุฉ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู†ุญู€ู€ู† ูƒูู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูˆุงุฒู† ูู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ุฏุงุฆู…ู€ู€ุง ู‹ ุนู„ูŠู†ู€ู€ุง ูู‚ู€ู€ุท ุงู„ุนู€ู€ูˆุฏุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู†ุงุทู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ุฌู†ู€ู€ูˆุจ ุฎุตูˆุตู€ู€ุง ู‹ ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ู†ุงุทู€ู€ู‚ ุณู€ู€ุงุฎู†ุฉ ุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุง ู‹โ€ช .โ€ฌู„ู…ูƒุงู†ุชู†ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠู€ู€ุฉ!โ€ช .โ€ฌู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุจุฅุนุชุจู€ู€ุงุฑ ุฃู† ู…ุตู„ู€ู€ุญ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูˆุงุฒู† ุณู€ู€ูŠูƒูˆู†โ€ฌ โ€ซู‚ุงุจู€ู€ู„ ู„ู„ุทู€ู€ุฑุญ ูู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠู€ู€ุฏ ูุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ุชุฎุตุตู€ู€ุงุช ู‚ู€ู€ุงุฏู…โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฎุงู„ู€ู€ุฏโ€ช :โ€ฌุชุฃู…ูŠู€ู€ู† ู…ู†ุงุทู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ุฌู†ู€ู€ูˆุจ! ููƒู€ู€ุฑู‡ ุฑุงุฌุญู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฎุงู„ุฏโ€ช :โ€ฌูˆู…ู† ุชุชูˆู‚ู€ู€ุน ุฃู† ูŠุญูƒู… ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŸโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซูู„ู…ู€ู€ุงุฐุง ุชุนุจู€ู€ุซ ุฑูˆุณู€ู€ูŠุง ุฏุงุฆู…ู€ู€ุง ู‹ ูู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆู„ู…ู€ู€ุง ุชูˆุฌู‡ู€ู€ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุญู…ู€ู€ุฏโ€ช :โ€ฌู‡ู€ู€ู„ ุชุชูˆู‚ู€ู€ุน ุฃู† ูŠู‚ู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ู…ู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎู€ู€ุฑู‰ ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุญูƒูˆู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ูˆูู€ู€ุฏ ุฃูŠู€ู€ุงู… ุงู„ุฌู€ู€ุงุก ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุงู„ุชุญู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ูˆููŠุชู‰ุŸ ู„ู…ู€ู€ุง โ€ฌ โ€ซุชูˆุฌู€ู€ู‡ ุนุจู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุตู€ู€ุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ู€ู€ู…ุŸ ูŠุจู€ู€ุฏูˆ ุฃู† ู„ู‡ู€ู€ู… ู†ูู€ู€ูˆุฐ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุจู€ู€ุฏูˆ ุงุฃู„ุณู€ู€ุงุณ ุฃู… ุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุณู€ู€ูŠุฏุงุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู† ู…ุคุณุณู€ู€ุงุช ุฃุตุจุญู€ู€ุช ู…ู„ู€ู€ูƒุง ู‹ ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ู… ูŠุฑูŠู€ู€ุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุณู€ู€ูŠุทุฑุฉ ุจุดู€ู€ูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ุง ุฃูˆ ูู€ู€ุฑุถ ู†ูู€ู€ูˆุฐ ุฃูˆ ุฏูู€ู€ุน ู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ุฌูˆุฌู€ู€ู„ุŸ ุฃุนุชู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู€ู€ู… ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠุชุญู…ู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซููƒู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนูˆู„ู…ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู€ู€ู‰ ู†ุดู€ู€ุฑู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ุชู€ู€ู‰ ุณู€ู€ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู€ุง ู‹ ุนูˆุงู‚ุจู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู†ูู€ู€ูˆุฐ ุงุฃู„ู…ุฑูŠูƒู€ู€ู‰ ุนู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฌู€ู€ุญ ุงุขู„ู†โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ุชุญู€ู€ู„ ู…ุญู„ู€ู€ู‡ ู…ุคุณุณู€ู€ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุดู€ู€ุฑูƒุงุช ุนุงุจู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุงุฑุงุชโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุญู…ู€ู€ุฏโ€ช :โ€ฌุฃุนุชู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุฃู† ุนู€ู€ุฏูˆู‰ ุงู„ูˆุทู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุนุฑุจู€ู€ู‰ ุณู€ู€ุชุฒุญู ุฎุงู„ุฏโ€ช :โ€ฌูˆุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุŸุŸโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู„ู€ู€ูƒู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ูˆุทู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุนุฑุจู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ุจูˆุฑุตู€ู€ุฉ ูู‚ู€ู€ุท ู…ู€ู€ุฑุฃุฉ ุงุงู„ู‚ุชุตู€ู€ุงุฏโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุญู…ู€ู€ุฏโ€ช :โ€ฌุณู€ู€ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุนุถู‡ู€ู€ู… ู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ูƒู‚ู€ู€ูˆู‰ ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ูˆุทู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุนุฑุจู€ู€ู‰ ู…ู€ู€ุฑุฃุฉ ู„ุชุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุตู€ู€ูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ุญุงู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃู†ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุชุฎูŠู€ู€ู„ ุชูˆุงุฌู€ู€ุฏ ูุฑู†ุณู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุจู…ุฌู„ู€ู€ุณ ุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ู† ุชุณู€ู€ุนู‰ ู„ูู€ู€ุฑุถ ุณู€ู€ูŠุทุฑุฉ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌู€ู€ูˆุงุฑ ูู€ู€ู‰ ุฃู‚ุตู€ู€ู‰ ุชู‚ุฏูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุนู€ู€ุฏู… ุชูˆุงุฌู€ู€ุฏ ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠู€ู€ุง ู…ุซู€ู€ุงู‹โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู‡ู†ุงู„ู€ู€ูƒ ู‚ู€ู€ูˆู‰ ุฌุฏูŠู€ู€ุฏุฉ ุชุณู€ู€ูŠุทุฑ ูู€ู€ุง ูˆุฌู€ู€ูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑูŠู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุงุถู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุนุณู€ู€ูƒุฑูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฅู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑูŠู€ู€ุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ุฃูˆ ูู€ู€ู‰ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ุตูŠู€ู€ู† ุฏุฎู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ุญุงุถู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠุฉ ูู‚ู€ู€ุท ุณู€ู€ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงุฅู„ู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑูŠู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ุซู‚ุงููŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุชุนู€ู€ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุฏุฎู€ู€ู„ ุงุงู„ู…ุฑูŠูƒู€ู€ู‰ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู€ู€ุง ู‹โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู†ุญู€ู€ู† ูู€ู€ู‰ ูุชู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุชุบูŠูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ุน ุจู‚ู€ู€ุงุก ุงู„ูƒุจู€ู€ุงุฑ ู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ุฃู…ุฑูŠู€ู€ูƒุง ูˆุฑูˆุณู€ู€ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุตูŠู€ู€ู† ูˆุงู„ู‡ู†ู€ู€ุฏ ูˆุงู„ูŠุงุจู€ู€ุงู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุฌู„ู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ูˆู„ุณู€ู€ูˆุก ุญุธู†ู€ู€ุง ุฃู†ู†ู€ู€ุง ู…ุฑูƒู€ู€ุฒ ุงุฃู„ุฒู…ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆู…ุฑูƒู€ู€ุฒ ุงู„ุชุญู€ู€ูˆู„ ูˆุงู†ุฌู„ุชู€ู€ุฑุง ุจุงู„ู„ุบู€ู€ุฉโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒุฑุฌู€ู€ู„ ุฃุตูŠู€ู€ุจ ุจุงู„ุจู€ู€ุฑุฏ ูˆุณู€ู€ุท ุฌู…ุงุนู€ู€ุฉ ู„ูŠุญู…ู€ู€ู„ ู„ู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุงุฑุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุฎุงู„ู€ู€ุฏโ€ช :โ€ฌุฃุนุชู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุฃู† ุฏูˆุฑู†ู€ู€ุง ุงุขู„ู† ูˆุถู€ู€ุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุชู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุจุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ู… ู…ุตุงุจู€ู€ูˆู† ุจู€ู€ู‡ ู‚ุฑูŠุจู€ู€ุง ู‹โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุณู€ู€ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฎุงู„ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ู€ู€ุฉ ูุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุฎุงู„ู€ู€ุฏโ€ช :โ€ฌูˆู…ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ุญู€ู€ู„ุŸ ู…ุชู€ู€ู‰ ูŠุชูˆู‚ู€ู€ู ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุญู€ู€ูˆู„ ูˆุถุนู€ู€ุช ู„ุญู…ุงูŠุชู†ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู„ุฃู„ุบู†ูŠู€ู€ุงุก ู‚ู€ู€ูˆู‡ ุชุญู…ูŠู‡ู€ู€ู… ูˆู„ู†ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ู€ู€ูˆู†โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู…ุชู€ู€ู‰ ุชุธู‡ู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠู€ู€ุฏู‡ุŸ ูˆู…ุชู€ู€ู‰ ูŠุณู€ู€ุชู‚ุฑ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ู‡ ู€ุฑุงุกุŸ โ€œุงู„ุดู€ู€ุงู‰ ูŠู€ู€ุง ุจู‡ู€ู€ูˆุงุชโ€ ูŠุฃุชู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุงู‰ ู…ุชุฃุฎ ู€ุฑุง ู‹ ู‚ู€ู€ุฑุจ ุจุฏุงูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ูˆุทโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุญู…ู€ู€ุฏโ€ช :โ€ฌุณู€ู€ุฃู‚ุชุจุณ ู…ู€ู€ู† ูƒู„ู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุจู€ู€ูˆุด ุงุฃู„ุจ ุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ุณู€ู€ุฃู„ ุฃุญุฏู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ุซุงู†ู€ู€ู‰ ููŠู†ู‡ู€ู€ูˆุง ุงุฃู„ุตุฏู‚ู€ู€ุงุก ุญุฏูŠุซู‡ู…ู€ู€ุง ู…ุชูƒุฃุฆูŠูŠู€ู€ู† ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุฑุณู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€œู…ุชู€ู€ู‰ ุชุนุชุจู€ู€ุฑ ุฃู†ู†ู€ู€ุง ุญู‚ู‚ู†ู€ู€ุง ุฃู‡ุฏุงูู†ู€ู€ุงุŸโ€ ุจู†ูู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู€ู€ู‚ ุฃูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุฌู„ู€ู€ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนุชุจู€ู€ุฑ ุงู†ุชุธู€ู€ุงุฑุง ู‹ ู„ู†ู€ู€ุฒูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ู†ู€ู€ู‰ ูˆูู€ู€ูˆุฒ ูุฑูŠู‚ู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซู†ุญู€ู€ู†ุŸ ู…ู€ู€ุง ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠู€ู€ุฏุงู† ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐู‰ ู†ู‚ุงุชู€ู€ู„ ููŠู€ู€ู‡ุŸ ู…ู€ู€ุง ู‡ู€ู€ู‰ ุทุจูŠุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงุงู„ุฑุณู€ู€ู†ุงู„โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฃู„ุนู€ู€ุฏุงุก ูˆู…ู€ู€ู† ู‡ู€ู€ู… ุŸ ูˆู…ู€ู€ุงุฐุง ุชุฑูŠู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ูˆู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจู€ู€ุฑู‰ ุงุขู„ู†ุŸ ูˆู…ู€ู€ุงุฐุงโ€ฌ

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โ€ซู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุฑูˆุงูŠุฉโ€ฌ

โ€ซุฅุฌู…ุงู„ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุฌู‡ู€ู€ุฉ ู†ุธู€ู€ุฑ ูƒุงู…ู€ู€ูˆ ู…ุจู†ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฒุนู…ู€ู€ู‡ ุฃู†โ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู„ูŠู€ู€ุณ ู…ุณู€ู€ูŠุญูŠุง ู‹ ูˆุงู„ ูŠุคู…ู€ู€ู† ุจุงู„ู„ู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ูˆุงู„ ูŠุคู…ู€ู€ู† ุจู€ู€ุฃูŠ โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ู† ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠูุฑุถู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ูˆูŠุนุชู€ู€ุฑู ุจุนุจุซูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ูˆุจุญุชู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุจู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูู‡ู€ู€ูˆู… ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุจุชุบู€ู€ู‰ ุงุฃู„ุณู€ู€ู…ู‰โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ุฅู† ููƒู€ู€ุฑุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ู€ู€ูˆุช ูˆูˆุญุดู€ู€ูŠุฉ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌููŠุชู‚ุจู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆูŠุฌู„ู€ู€ุณ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุซูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู†ูุณู€ู€ู‡ุง ุชู‚ุชุถู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุญูƒู€ู€ู… ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุจู€ู€ุง ู…ุนู†ู€ู€ู‰โ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ุจู†ู€ู€ุงุก ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ู€ู€ุงุฐุง ุฌู€ู€ุงุก ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุญูƒู€ู€ู…ุŸ ูˆู…ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฆู€ู€ู„ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุชุฃู†ู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุตุจู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุตู…ู€ู€ุช ุงู†ุชุธู€ู€ุงุฑู‹ุง ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒุŸ ูˆุจู†ู€ู€ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡ ู…ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู€ู€ู„ ุฃู† ุงุฅู„ูŠู…ู€ู€ุงู† ุจุงู„ู„ู€ู€ู‡ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุฑุฏ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ูˆุถู€ู€ูˆุน ุฅุฐู† ู„ูŠู€ู€ุณ ุจู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุณู€ู€ุงุทุฉ! โ€ช Meursaultโ€ฌู„ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ุนุจุซูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงุฎุชูŠู€ู€ุงุฑ ุฎุงุทู€ู€ุฆ ูŠุชุทู„ู€ู€ุจ โ€ช a leap of faithโ€ฌู…ู€ู€ู† ุฏูˆู†โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุนู€ู€ุฏู… ุฃู„ู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠุญู€ู€ุฒู† ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฑุญูŠู€ู€ู„ ุฃู…ู€ู€ู‡ โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนู€ู€ุฉ ุฃุฏู„ู€ู€ุฉุŸ ูˆุงุฃู„ู‡ู€ู€ู… ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูู‚ู€ู€ุง ู‹ ู„ู„ุญุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ูŠุชู…ู†ุงู‡ู€ู€ุง ูƒุงู…ู€ู€ูˆโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ุฌู€ู€ุฒุก ู…ู€ู€ู† ุชุณู„ุณู€ู€ู„ ุฃู„ุญู€ู€ุฏุงุซ ุณู€ู€ุงุนุฏุช ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฅู‚ู†ู€ู€ุงุน ู‡ูŠุฆู€ู€ุฉ ู„ู„ุฌู…ูŠู€ู€ุน ูƒู€ู€ูŠ ูŠุณู€ู€ุนุฏูˆุง ุฌู…ูŠุนู€ุง ู‹ ุจุญูŠุงุชู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃู† ู„ู€ู€ูƒู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุญู„ููŠู€ู€ู† ุจุฐู†ุจู€ู€ู‡ ูˆุงุณู€ู€ุชุญู‚ุงู‚ู‡ ู„ุฅู„ุนู€ู€ุฏุงู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ู‡ู†ู€ู€ุง ู†ุฌู€ู€ุฏ ู†ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุฃู† ูŠูุนู€ู€ู„ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุญู„ู€ู€ูˆ ู„ู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ู‡ู€ู€ู„ ู‡ู†ู€ู€ุงูƒ ุฃูŠ ุถู…ุงู†ู€ู€ุงุช ุฃู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซูƒุงู…ู€ู€ูˆ ุงุฃู„ูˆู„ ู„ู„ู†ุธู€ู€ุงู… ุงู„ู‚ุถุงุฆู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูŠุณู€ู€ุฑุฏ ุญูŠู€ู€ุงุฉ ุดู€ู€ุฎุต ุงู„ุญุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุณุชุณู€ู€ุชุฎุฏู… ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญู€ู€ุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ู‚ุจู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู€ู€ุนโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฃู†โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ู† ุฃูˆู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃู„ุฎุฑู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆูŠุฃุฎู€ู€ุฐ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงุฅู„ุนุชุจู€ู€ุงุฑ ุฃุญู€ู€ุฏุงุซ ูˆุฃุฏู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ ุชู…ู€ู€ุช ุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑ ู„ู€ู€ู† ูŠู€ู€ุฃุฐูˆุง ุจุนุถู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุจู‡ู€ู€ุงุŸ ุจุงู„ุทุจู€ู€ุน ุงู„โ€ช .โ€ฌุฃูู€ู€ุง ูŠุนู†ู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู„ุฌุฑูŠู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุจุตู„ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆู…ู€ู€ุน ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู†ูู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฏุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุฃู† ูƒุงู…ู€ู€ูˆ ูุนู€ู€ู„ ู…ุซู„ู…ู€ู€ุง ูุนู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ู…ุคู…ู†ู€ู€ูˆู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฑุฃูŠู€ู€ู‡ุŸ ุฃู„ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฅู„ุฏุงู†ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุตุญูŠู€ู€ุญ ูุงู„ู†ุธู€ู€ู… ุงู„ู‚ุถุงุฆูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฎุงุตู€ู€ุฉ ูˆู…ุคุณุณู€ู€ุงุช ูŠุคู…ู†ู€ู€ูˆุง ุบูŠุจู€ู€ุง ู‹ ุจุงู„ู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุŸ ุฃูˆู„ูŠู€ู€ุณ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠูุนู„ู€ู€ู‡ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุญูŠู€ู€ู† ุขู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฏูˆู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซู€ู€ุฉ ุนุงู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุชุณู€ู€ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฏ ุฑุงูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุจู€ู€ูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠูุนู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ูู€ู€ุฑุฏ ุจู€ู€ุฃู† ุงุฅู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุงู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุตู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุฎูŠู€ู€ุฑุŸ ุฃูˆู„ูŠู€ู€ุณ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุญู€ู€ุฏ ุฐุงุชู€ู€ู‡ โ€ชaโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุชุฌุนู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุถุนูŠูู€ู€ุง ู‹ ุฃู…ู€ู€ุงู… ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ูˆุงุณู€ู€ุชู†ูƒุงุฑู‡ุง ู„ู€ู€ู‡โ€ช leap of faith .โ€ฌู…ู€ู€ู† ู†ู€ู€ูˆุน ุขุฎู€ู€ุฑุŸโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู„ุนู€ู€ู„ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฅุญู€ู€ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฆู€ู€ู„ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุงูƒูŠู†ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ูู€ู€ุฑุฏ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุนุตู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆุงูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช Meursault ุŒโ€ฌู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงู„ุบุฑูŠู€ู€ุจโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุญุงู„ู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ูุชู€ู€ุงุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ูŠู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง โ€ช Meursaultโ€ฌุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชู†ุงู‚ุถู€ู€ู‡ โ€ฌ โ€ซุชู…ุงู…ู€ู€ุง ู‹ ูู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุฏูˆู…ู€ู€ุง ู…ุชุนุฌู„ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุชู‚ู€ู€ูˆู… ุจู€ู€ูƒู„ ุดู€ู€ูŠุก ูˆุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ููƒุงู…ู€ู€ูˆโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจุญูƒู€ู€ู… ูƒูˆู†ู€ู€ู‡ ูุฑู†ุณู€ู€ูŠ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ู€ู€ุฉ โ€œู‚ุตุจู€ู€ู‡โ€ ูˆุณู€ู€ุทโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฃู„ูƒู„ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู…ูˆุฒูˆู†ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆู…ุถุจูˆุทู€ู€ุฉ ุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ ุชุถูŠู€ู€ุน ุฃูƒุซุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู…ุณู€ู€ู„ู…ุฉ ุฐุงุช ุทุจุงุฆู€ู€ุน ูˆุนู€ู€ุงุฏุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู€ู€ุง ุดู€ู€ูƒ ุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู‚ุชู€ู€ุง ู‹โ€ช .โ€ฌูˆู…ู€ู€ุน ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ูู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ู„ูŠู€ู€ุณ ู…ุฎุชู„ู€ู€ู ุนู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจูƒุซูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุดู€ู€ุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุนุฒู„ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุบุฑุจู€ู€ุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู…ู€ู€ุน ุฃู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู€ู€ุฒู…โ€ฌ โ€ซูู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠุซู€ู€ูˆุฑ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ู†ุธู€ู€ุงู… ุงู„ุฑูˆุชูŠู†ู€ู€ูŠ ูˆูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุญุชูˆูŠู€ู€ู‡ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุดู€ู€ุงุนุฑู‡ ุชุฌู€ู€ุงู‡ ุณู€ู€ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆู€ู€ุฑ (ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณู€ู€ูŠูŠู†)โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง ู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ู† ุฃูˆู‡ู€ู€ุงู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู…ุชู‚ุจู€ู€ู„ ูˆู…ู†ุตู€ู€ุงุน ู„ู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงุงู„ุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูƒุงู† ูŠู†ุธู€ู€ุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ู€ู€ู… ุจู†ู€ู€ูˆุน ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฑู‚ูŠุฉ โ€˜โ€ชุŒโ€™orientalismโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุฎุตูˆุตู€ู€ุง ู‹ ู„ุนู…ู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ุฑูˆุชูŠู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุทู€ู€ูˆุงู„ ุงุฃู„ุญู€ู€ุฏุงุซ ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุฆูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ู‡ู†ู€ู€ุงูƒ ูู€ู€ุฑู‚ ูˆุงุถู€ู€ุญ ุจูŠู€ู€ู† ุชุตูˆูŠู€ู€ุฑ ูˆูˆุตู€ู€ู โ€ชMeursaultโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒู„ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ ูŠุจ ู€ุฑุฃ โ€ช ุŒMeursaultโ€ฌูˆูู€ู€ูŠ ุฑุฃูŠู€ู€ูŠ ูุงู„ู…ุดู€ู€ูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ู€ู€ุง ู„ูŠุณู€ู€ุช ูˆุงู„ูุฑู†ุณู€ู€ูŠูŠู† ู…ุซู„ู€ู€ู‡ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆุงูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุชุตูˆูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุนู€ู€ุฑุจโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุณู€ู€ุจูŠู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุนุจุซูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠู€ู€ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฏุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุนู„ู€ู€ู… ุฃู† ูƒุงู…ู€ู€ูˆ ุญู€ู€ุงูˆู„ ูˆุตู€ู€ู ุงู„ู…ุซู€ู€ุงู„ ุงู„ูˆุตู€ู€ู ุงู„ูˆุญูŠู€ู€ุฏ ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุงุช ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ู… ุนู€ู€ุฑุจโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฌุฑูŠู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ู†ุชูŠุฌู€ู€ุฉ ู„ู„ุนูˆุงู…ู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูƒุงู„ุญู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ูุนู€ู€ู„ ูŠุธู„ู€ู€ูˆุง ุจู€ู€ุฏูˆู† ุฃุณู€ู€ู…ุงุกโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูŠู†ุนุชู€ู€ูˆู† ูู‚ู€ู€ุท ุจุงู„ุนู€ู€ุฑุจ (โ€ชlesโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุถุฑุจู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ู…ุณ ูˆุงู„ุนู€ู€ุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุชุณู€ู€ุงู‚ุท ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุนูŠู†ูŠู€ู€ู‡ ู…ู…ู€ู€ุง โ€ช ุŒ )Arabesโ€ฌุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠู‚ู€ู€ูˆู… ุจู‚ุชู„ู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ ูŠุตูู€ู€ู‡ ุฅุงู„ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจู€ู€ูŠโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุนู…ู€ู€ุงู‡ ูˆู…ู…ู€ู€ุง ุตู€ู€ูˆุฑ ู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุฃูˆู‡ู€ู€ุงู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุนู€ู€ุงูˆุฉ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ูƒูˆู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูŠูƒู€ู€ูˆู† โ€ช Meursaultโ€ฌู… ู€ุฑุขุฉ ูƒุงู…ู€ู€ูˆ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุญูŠู€ู€ุซ ู…ุนุงู…ู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุนู€ู€ุฑุจโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุฌู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุชูŠู€ู€ู„ ุตุฏูู€ู€ุฉ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุงุทุฆ ูˆุฃู† ุฌู€ู€ุงุฑู‡ ูˆุตุฏูŠู‚ู€ู€ู‡ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ูˆ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูŠูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ุงู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ุฅุฐุง ู…ู€ู€ุง ูƒุงู† ูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ุชูŠู€ู€ู„ ุนุฑุจูŠู‹ู€ู€ุง ุณู€ู€ุงู‡ู… ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูˆุฑุทู€ู€ู‡ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุดู€ู€ูƒู„ุฉ ู…ู†ู€ู€ุฐ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู…ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุฌุนู€ู€ู„ ุณู€ู€ู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ู‚ุชู„ู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃูŠ ุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู„ู€ู€ูˆ ูƒุงู† ูุฑู†ุณู€ู€ูŠู‹ุง ู„ู…ู€ู€ุง ุฃู‚ู€ู€ุฏู… โ€ชMeursaultโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุญุงูƒู…ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญูƒู€ู€ู… ุธุงู„ู€ู€ู… ูˆุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ุฑ ูƒู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุจุฌู…ูŠู€ู€ุน ุชุทูˆุฑุงุชู€ู€ู‡ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู‚ุชู„ู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุถู€ู€ูˆุน ู…ู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎู€ู€ุฑู‰ ู„ูŠู€ู€ุณโ€ฌ โ€ซุฎู€ู€ุงุฑุฌ ุนู€ู€ู† ุณู€ู€ูŠุทุฑุฉ โ€ช Meursaultโ€ฌูˆูŠูู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ู„ู„ู…ู†ุทู€ู€ู‚ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุจู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุจุซูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆู„ูŠู€ู€ุณ ุฎู€ู€ุงุฑุฌ ุงุฎุชูŠู€ู€ุงุฑ โ€ช Meursaultโ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุนู…ู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซูู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุนุจุซู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฅุงู„ ุฃู†ู†ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ู€ู€ุง ุชุฌุฑูŠู€ู€ุฏ โ€ช Meursaultโ€ฌู…ู€ู€ู† ูˆูƒุงู„ุชู€ู€ู‡ ู…ุชุตู€ู€ู„ ุจโ€ช value judgmentโ€ฌุนู€ู€ู† ู‚ูŠู…ู€ู€ุฉ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุฑุจู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุฃุญู‚ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู‚ุฏุฑุชู€ู€ู‡ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุงู„ุฎุชูŠู€ู€ุงุฑ ูˆุฅุชุฎู€ู€ุงุฐ ุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฑุงุฑุงุชโ€ช :โ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ู‚ู€ู€ุฑุฑ โ€ช Meursaultโ€ฌูู€ู€ูŠ ู‚ุชู„ู€ู€ู‡โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู† ูŠุณู€ู€ุงุนุฏ ุตุฏูŠู‚ู€ู€ู‡ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุจู€ู€ุงุฏุฆ ุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ุน ุนู„ู…ู€ู€ู‡ ุจู€ู€ุฃู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู†ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ ุฃุฑู‰ ูู€ู€ูŠ โ€ช Meursaultโ€ฌุชุฌุณู€ู€ูŠุฏู‹ุง ู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุฉ ูƒุงู…ู€ู€ูˆ ุฃูˆโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุณู€ู€ุงุนุฏุฉ ุณู€ู€ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฅูŠู€ู€ุฐุงุก ุงู„ุนุดู€ู€ูŠู‚ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ุงู‚ุชู€ู€ุฑุญ โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุตุฏูŠู‚ู€ู€ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠุฃุฎู€ู€ุฐ ู…ุณุฏุณู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ุชูƒุงุณู€ู€ู„ ูู‚ู€ู€ุฑุฑ ุฃู† ููƒู€ู€ุฑู‡ ูˆุฑุฃูŠู€ู€ู‡ ุชุฌู€ู€ุงู‡ ุงู„ุนุจุซูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ุฃูƒุซู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ูู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู‡ุงุฆู€ู€ู… ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุฑุฌู€ู€ุน ู„ู„ุดู€ู€ุงุทุฆ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุชุณู€ู€ู„ู‚ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ู„ู… ู„ู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ุฑุฃู‰ ุงู„ูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ูŠุฎุชู€ู€ุงุฑ ุฃูŠู€ู€ุง ู‹ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุซู€ู€ุงุซ ุญู„ู€ู€ูˆู„โ€ช :โ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฏู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุถุนู€ู€ู ุงู„ุฎุตู€ู€ู… ูˆุนู€ู€ุฏู… ู‚ุฏุฑุชู€ู€ู‡ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู€ู€ุงู… ู„ู…ุญุงุฑุจุชู€ู€ู‡ ูˆู…ู€ู€ุน ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุงู„ู†ุชุญู€ู€ุงุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠุชุฎู€ู€ุฐ ุฃูŠ ุนู‚ูŠู€ู€ุฏุฉ (ุธู€ู€ู„ ู…ู„ุญู€ู€ุฏู‹ุง ุญุชู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงุณุชุณู€ู€ู„ู… ู„ุฃู„ูˆู‡ู€ู€ุงู… ูุฃุทู„ู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ู†ู€ู€ุงุฑ ู…ู€ู€ุฑุฉ ูˆู‚ุชู„ู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ู…ู€ู€ุงุฐุง ุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠู€ู€ุฉ) ูˆูู€ู€ูŠ ู†ูู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุช ู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠุชู‚ุจู€ู€ู„ ูุน ู€ุงู‹ ุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ุนุจุซูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุทู„ู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ุฑุตู€ู€ุงุต ุฃุฑุจู€ู€ุน ู…ู€ู€ุฑุงุช ุจุนุฏู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฏ ุฑุงูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุจู‚ุชู„ู€ู€ู‡ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ุชู€ู€ุน ุจุงู„ุญูŠู€ู€ุงุฉ ูˆุฅูŠุฌู€ู€ุงุฏ ู…ุนู†ู€ู€ู‰ ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌููู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠุชุนู€ู€ุฑุถ ู„ูƒุงุฑุซู€ู€ุฉ ุฃูˆู‚ุนุชู€ู€ู‡ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุจุฆู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุนุจุซูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠุชุบูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ู† ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู€ู€ุฑุฉุŸโ€ฌ โ€ซุจู€ู€ู„ ุฃุฑู‰ ููŠู€ู€ู‡ ู…ู†ู€ู€ุฐ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุงู„ู…ุจู€ู€ุงุงู„ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุฌู€ู€ุฑุฏ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู…ุดู€ู€ุงุนุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒุงู…ู€ู€ูˆ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฑูˆุงูŠุชู€ู€ู‡ ูŠุฏุงูู€ู€ุน ุนู€ู€ู† ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุฉ โ€ช Meursaultโ€ฌุงุฅู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุนู‚ูŠุฏุงุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุชุบูŠุฑู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู†ูุตุงู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุนู€ู€ู† ุงู„ูƒุซูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู†โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุจุณู€ู€ูŠุทุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชู€ู€ุฏ ุฑุฃ ุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠู€ู€ุฏุงุช ุงุงู„ุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงุฃู„ุนู€ู€ุฑุงู ูุนู€ู€ุงู‹ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุฃุฏุฑูƒ ุงู„ุนุจุซูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆู‚ุจู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ู„ู€ู€ูƒุงู† ุชู‚ุจู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ู†ู€ู€ุฐ ุจู€ู€ุงุฏุฆ ุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถู€ู€ุฉ ุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุดู€ู€ุงุนุฑู†ุง ูˆุนุงู„ู‚ุชู†ู€ู€ุง ุจุฃู‚ู€ู€ุฑุจ ุงู„ู†ู€ู€ุงุณ ุจู†ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุชุนุงูŠู€ู€ุด ู…ุนู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูู€ู€ุฉ ูƒุงู† ู„ูŠุฑุถู€ู€ู‰ ุนู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูƒุงู…ู€ู€ูˆโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆูŠูุถู€ู€ู„ ุฃู‚ุตู€ู€ู‰ ุฏุฑุฌู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ูŠู…ุชู„ูƒู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ ู†ูุณู€ู€ู‡โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุญูƒู€ู€ู… ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุขู„ุฎุฑูŠู€ู€ู† ูˆุงู„ ูŠุญูƒู€ู€ู… ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ ูŠุคู…ู€ู€ู† ุจู€ู€ุฃูŠ ู†ู€ู€ูˆุนโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ู† ุงุขู„ุฎู€ู€ุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนู€ู€ุฐุงุจ ูˆู„ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ููŠู…ูƒู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠูุนู€ู€ู„ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุญู„ู€ู€ูˆ ู„ู€ู€ู‡โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ู„ู†ู€ู€ุง ู‡ู†ู€ู€ุง ูˆู‚ูู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ู„ โ€ช Meursaultโ€ฌุงู„ุบุฑูŠู€ู€ุจ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูŠุฏุงูู€ู€ุนโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู†ู€ู€ู‡ ูƒุงู…ู€ู€ูˆโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุฅู†ุณู€ู€ุงู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉุŸ ุฃู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ู…ู€ู€ุง ุชุทู…ู€ู€ุญ ู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑูŠุฉุŸโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุจุณู€ู€ุงุทุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌู€ู€ุฑุฏุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู…ุดู€ู€ุงุนุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนู‚ู€ู€ุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฎุชุตู€ู€ุฑุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุฅุดู€ู€ุจุงุน ุงู„ุบุฑุงุฆู€ู€ุฒุŸ โ€ช Meursaultโ€ฌุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ูŠู€ู€ู… ุนุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ู…ู€ู€ุน โ€ชุŒMarieโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ุชุณู€ู€ุฃู„ู‡ ุฃู† ูƒุงู† ูŠุญุจู‡ู€ู€ุง ูŠู‚ู€ู€ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจุตุฑุงุญู€ู€ุฉ ูุฌู€ู€ุฃุฉ ุงู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ฌ โ€ซุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ูู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงู„ ูŠู…ุงู†ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ู€ู€ุฒูˆุงุฌ ุจู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุญูŠู†ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠููƒู€ู€ุฑ ููŠู‡ู€ู€ุง ูƒุซูŠู€ู€ุฑุง ู‹ ู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠููƒู€ู€ุฑ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู€ู€ุฏ ุนู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู€ู€ุฑูˆุญโ€ช .โ€ฌุฃู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฑุฏ ุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑูŠ ุชุฌู€ู€ุงู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุนุจุซูŠู€ู€ุฉุŸ ุฅุญู€ู€ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ูŠุตูู‡ู€ู€ุง ูƒุงู…ู€ู€ูˆ ูู€ู€ูŠ ูƒุชุงุจู€ู€ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุจูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุฌู€ู€ุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณู€ู€ู…ู‰ โ€ช Salamanoโ€ฌูˆูƒู„ุจู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠู€ู€ุถโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆูƒูŠู€ู€ู ุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ ูŠุทูŠู‚ู€ู€ู‡ ูˆุฏุงุฆู…ู€ุง ู‹ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุดู€ู€ุชู…ู‡ ูˆุฏุงุฆู…ู€ุง ู‹ ุดู€ู€ุฏูŠุฏ ุงุงู„ุณู€ู€ุชูŠุงุกโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู†ู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฅุฐุง ุจู€ู€ู‡ ูŠูู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูƒู„ุจู€ู€ู‡ ููŠุจูƒู€ู€ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุตู€ู€ูˆุฑุฉ ุฃุฎู€ู€ุฑู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซู„ุนุจุซูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ุนุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุงุช ุงุฅู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุงู†ูŠุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ุฃู„ูŠุณู€ู€ุช ุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูƒุซู€ู€ุฑ ุบู†ู€ู€ู‰ ูˆุฌู…ู€ู€ุงู„ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุจุณู€ู€ุงุทุฉ โ€ช Meursaultโ€ฌุงู„ู…ู†ูุตู€ู€ู„ ุนู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุขู„ุฎุฑูŠู€ู€ู†ุŸโ€ฌ


โ€ซุบูŠุจู€ู€ุง ู‹ ุฏูˆู† ุฑุคูŠุชู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุจุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุชูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ โ€œุงู†ุชุญู€ู€ุฑุช ููƒุฑูŠู‹ู€ู€ุง ูˆูู„ุณู€ู€ููŠู‹ุงโ€โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุญุณู€ู€ุจ ุฑุฃูŠู€ู€ู‡ ูˆู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุฑูุถู€ู€ู‡ ุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุง ู‹โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุชุธู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ูˆุญูŠู€ู€ุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุตุญูŠุญู€ู€ุฉ ู„ู„ุชุนุงู…ู€ู€ู„ ู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุนุจุซูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃู† ุชุชู‚ุจู„ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุฃู† ุชุนูŠู€ู€ุด ุญูŠุงุชู€ู€ูƒ ุฏูˆู† ุชูˆู‚ุนู€ู€ุงุช ุฃูˆ ูู€ู€ุฑุถ ุฃุญู€ู€ูƒุงู… ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู†ูู€ู€ุณ ูˆุงุขู„ุฎุฑูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู…ุซุงุจ ู€ุฑู‹ุง ุทู€ู€ูˆุงู„ ุญูŠุงุชู€ู€ูƒ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู†ูู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุช ุฃู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุชุฌู€ู€ุฏ ู…ุนู†ู€ู€ู‰โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ูˆู„ู€ู€ูˆ ู„ุชุฌู€ู€ุฏู‡ ุฃุซู†ู€ู€ุงุก ุฑุญู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุจุญู€ู€ุซโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซุชุญู€ู€ุช ู…ู†ุธูˆู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุนู€ู€ุฏู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุตู€ู€ุฑุฉ ูˆูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุชู…ุซู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุธุงู‡ุฑูŠู€ู€ุง ู‹ ู…ู€ู€ู† ู†ุฒุงู‡ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุนู€ู€ุฏู„ ุชุฌู€ู€ุงู‡ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฌู†ู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุชุฃูƒูŠุฏู‡ู€ู€ุง ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุญู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูƒู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฏู„ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุณู€ู€ูŠุงุฏุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู‚ุงู†ู€ู€ูˆู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูู€ู€ูŠ ุฅุทู€ู€ุงุฑ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุจูŠุฑูˆู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุชู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุนู‚ุงู„ู†ูŠุชู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูŠุตุนู€ู€ุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ู€ู€ุง ุชุตู€ู€ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ูŠู†ุงุฑูŠูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู„ู€ู€ูŠโ€ช :โ€ฌุงู„ุญูƒู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฑุฌู€ู€ู„ ุจุงู„ู…ู€ู€ูˆุช ุฃู„ู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠูุฌุนู€ู€ู‡ ู…ู€ู€ูˆุช ุฃู…ู€ู€ู‡ ูˆู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠู†ู‡ู…ู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุจุงู„ู†ุญูŠู€ู€ุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูŠุจู€ู€ุฏูˆ ู„ู€ู€ูƒ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ูˆุญูŠ ู€ุง ู‹ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุฎูŠู€ู€ุงู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู‡ู€ู€ูˆโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุนุจุซูŠู€ู€ุฉ (โ€ช ) lโ€™Absurdeโ€ฌุฅุฐู† ูู„ุณู€ู€ููŠู‹ุง ูˆุฃุฎุงู„ู‚ูŠู‹ู€ู€ุง ู…ุจู†ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุจุงู„ูุนู€ู€ู„ ูƒุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒโ€ชโ€œ :โ€ฌูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู†ู€ู€ุง ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ ูŠุจูƒู€ู€ูŠ ูู€ู€ูŠ โ€ฌ โ€ซุฌู†ู€ู€ุงุฒุฉ ุฃู…ู€ู€ู‡ ูู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ูŠุฌู€ู€ุงุฒู ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุชุนุฑุถู€ู€ู‡ ู„ุญูƒู€ู€ู… ุจุงู„ู…ู€ู€ูˆุชโ€ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฃุณู€ู€ุณ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ููƒู€ู€ุฑ ุงุฅู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุงู†ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุชู†ุจุนู€ู€ุซ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู‡ุชู…ู€ู€ุงู…โ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ู…ู€ู€ุง ู‚ุงู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุฃู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุฑุช ูƒุงู…ู€ู€ูˆ ู…ุฎุชุตู€ู€ุฑุง ู‹ ุจู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ููƒู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุจุงุฅู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุงู† ูˆุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑ ุฌู…ูŠุนู€ู€ุง ู‹โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ุญู€ู€ุซ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุชุญู€ู€ุฑุฑ ุงู„ูู€ู€ุฑุฏ ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู‚ูŠู€ู€ูˆุฏ ุงุฅู„ุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ู† ูุนู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุชู‚ูŠู€ู€ุฏ ุญุฑูŠุชู€ู€ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซู„ุฑูˆุงูŠุชู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ุบุฑูŠู€ู€ุจ (โ€ช.)lโ€™รฉtrangeโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุชุฑุบู…ู€ู€ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠุธู„ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฏุงุฆู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุงุงู„ู„ุชู€ู€ุฒุงู… ุจุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนู€ู€ุฏ ูˆุงู„ุญูƒู€ู€ู… ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ุง ุฃุฑุงุฏ ุทุฑุญู€ู€ู‡ ูƒุงู…ู€ู€ูˆ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุฃู† ุจุทู€ู€ู„ ุงุฃู„ุฎุฑูŠู€ู€ู† ูˆุงู„ุญูƒู€ู€ู… ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู†ูุณู€ู€ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู…ู€ู€ุง ุฎู€ู€ุฑุฌ ุนู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู‚ุงู„ู€ู€ุจโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู‚ุตู€ู€ุฉ ุงุฃู„ุณุงุณู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุฏูŠู€ู€ู† ุฃู„ู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู„ู€ู€ู… ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุฅุฐู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจุนู€ู€ุฏู… ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌู€ู€ุฑุฏ ุจุงู„ูู€ู€ุฑุฏ ูˆุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠู„ุชู€ู€ุฒู… ุจู‚ูˆุงุนู€ู€ุฏ ู„ุนุจู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠู€ู€ุงุฉ ูƒู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุตู†ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู€ู€ู‰ ูˆุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ ุชุชุจู€ู€ุน ุงู„ูู„ุณู€ู€ูุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุถุนู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุถุจุทู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ช )existentialist( :โ€ฌูˆูƒุงู…ู€ู€ูˆ ู†ูุณู€ู€ู‡ ุฑูู€ู€ุถ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุตู€ู€ูโ€ช .โ€ฌุนู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซูุงู„ุทูู€ู€ู„ โ€ช Meursaultโ€ฌุฅุฐุง ุนูƒู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌููู„ุณู€ู€ูุฉ ุงู„ุนุจุซูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฃูŠุถ ู€ุง ู‹ ุงู„ ุชุชุทู€ู€ุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ ุชู‡ุชู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุบุฑูŠู€ู€ุจ ุนู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ุจุงู„ุชุทู€ู€ุฑู‚ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุชุงููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงุฃู„ู†ุชูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุง ู‹โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุจุงู‚ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃูู€ู€ุฑุงุฏู‡ ู„ุนู€ู€ุฏู… ุชุคู…ู€ู€ู† ุจุฃุณู€ู€ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌูˆู‡ู€ู€ุฑ ุงุฅู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุงู†ูŠ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฌู€ู€ูˆุฏ ุงุฅู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุงู†ูŠโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู€ู€ู‡ ุจุทุจุงุฆุนู‡ู€ู€ู… ุญูŠู†ู…ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ุนูƒู€ู€ุณ ุตุญูŠู€ู€ุญ ุจุงู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุจุฉ ู„ู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชู€ู€ุฑู‰ ุฃุณู€ู€ุจู‚ูŠุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุณู„ูˆูƒู‡ู… ุงู„ูˆุฌู€ู€ูˆุฏ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุฌูˆู‡ู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงุฃู„ุฎูŠู€ู€ุฑ ูŠุฎู„ู‚ู€ู€ู‡ ูˆูŠุดู€ู€ูƒู„ู‡ ูƒู„ ูู€ู€ุฑุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุนุฑูู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุจุนู€ู€ุฏ ูˆุฌู€ู€ูˆุฏู‡โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุชู‚ุจู„ู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุบูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุฑุฌูˆุนู€ู€ุง ุฅุฐุง ู„ุฑูˆุงูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุบุฑูŠู€ู€ุจโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู†ุชุนู€ู€ุฑู ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ โ€ชMeursaultโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุง ู‹ โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู‚ุถุงุฆูŠ ู€ุง ู‹ ุชุตู€ู€ู„ ุจู€ู€ู‡ ุงุงู„ุจู€ู€ู† ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆู€ู€ุฑูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠู€ู€ู… ุจุงู„ุนุงุตู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ุงุณู€ู€ุชู„ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซู„ุฏุฑุฌู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุญูƒู€ู€ู… ู„ุชู€ู€ูˆู‡ ุฎุจู€ู€ุฑ ูˆูู€ู€ุงุฉ ุฃู…ู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุฃูˆุฏุนู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจุจูŠู€ู€ุช ู„ู„ู…ุณู€ู€ู†ูŠู†โ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡ ุจุงุฅู„ุนู€ู€ุฏุงู…โ€ช .โ€ฌูˆู†ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุธ ููŠู€ู€ู‡ ู…ู†ู€ู€ุฐ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู†ูˆุนู€ู€ุง ู‹ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุจู€ู€ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆุงู„ุตู€ู€ุฏู‚ ูˆุฅู†โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆูู€ู€ูŠ ุฅุทู€ู€ุงุฑ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠูƒู€ู€ู† ู†ู€ู€ูˆุน ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุจุงู„ู‡ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุณู€ู€ุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซู€ู€ุงู„ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู‚ุตู€ู€ุฉ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏู… ูŠุนู€ู€ุฑู ุฃูˆ ุงู„ ูŠุชุฐูƒู€ู€ุฑ ุฅุฐุง ู…ู€ู€ุง ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ุฃู…ู€ู€ู‡ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ู…ุงุชู€ู€ุช ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒุงู…ู€ู€ูˆ ูู„ุณู€ู€ูุชู‡ ุงู„ูŠู€ู€ูˆู… ุฃูˆ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠู€ู€ุฉุ› ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุฎุจู€ู€ุฑ ู…ุฏูŠู€ู€ุฑู‡ ุจุงู„ุฎุจู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุญูŠุงุชูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู† ูˆุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠุฃุฎู€ู€ุฐ ุฃุฌู€ู€ุงุฒุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ูŠู€ู€ุงู… ุจุฏูู†ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูŠู€ู€ุฑู‰ ุงู…ุชุนู€ู€ุงุถโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠูุถู€ู€ู„ ุฃู† ูŠู†ุนู€ู€ุช ุฑุฆูŠุณู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌููŠุจู€ู€ุฑุฑ ู…ูˆู‚ูู€ู€ู‡ ู‚ุงุฆู€ู€ุงู‹ ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ู„ูŠุณู€ู€ุช ุบู„ุทุชู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู…ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุซูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู€ู€ู† ุชุนุฌู€ู€ุจ ูˆุงุณู€ู€ุชุบุฑุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู…ู€ู€ู† ูŠู…ูƒู€ู€ู† ู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ู€ู€ูˆู„ ุดู€ู€ูŠุฆุง ู‹โ€ฌ โ€ซุจุงู„ูƒุงุชู€ู€ุจโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ููŠู„ุณู€ู€ูˆูโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ูƒู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุนู€ู€ู† ู…ู€ู€ูˆุช ุฃู…ู€ู€ู‡ุŸ ูˆุจุนู€ู€ุฏ ุฑุฌูˆุนู€ู€ู‡ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณู€ู€ู†ูŠู† ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู„ู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ ูŠู€ู€ุฑู‰ ูู€ู€ูŠ โ€ช ุŒMarengoโ€ฌูŠุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ูŠ ุฅุญู€ู€ุฏู‰ ุฒู…ูŠุงู„ุชู€ู€ู‡ ุจุงู„ุนู…ู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุงุจู‚ุงุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูŠุจู€ู€ุฏุฃโ€ฌ โ€ซููƒู€ู€ุฑู‡ ู†ุธุงู… ู€ุง ู‹ ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏูŠ ู€ุง ู‹ ู…ุนู‡ู€ู€ุง ุนุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุบุฑุงู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู†ูู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ูŠู€ู€ูˆู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆ ุชุชุทู€ู€ูˆุฑ ุงุฃู„ุญู€ู€ุฏุงุซโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูˆ ุฃูŠุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠู€ู€ ู‹ุฉ ูˆุงุญู€ู€ุฏุฉ ุณู€ู€ุฑูŠุนุง ู‹ ููŠุชุญู€ู€ุฏุซ ุตุฏูู€ู€ุฉ ู…ู€ู€ุน ุฅุญู€ู€ุฏู‰ ุฌูŠุฑุงู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู€ู€ุฑูˆูโ€ฌ โ€ซู†ู…ุทูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู…ุชู†ุงุณู€ู€ู‚ุฉ ุทู€ู€ูˆุงู„ ุนู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู‚ู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ู€ู€ู‚ ูˆู…ูˆุงุนู€ู€ุฏุฉ ู„ู„ูƒุซูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุงุก ูˆู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุง ู‹โ€ฌ โ€ซูุฑู†ุณู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูŠุตุจุญู€ู€ุงู† ุฃุตุฏู‚ู€ู€ุงุก ูˆูŠุณู€ู€ุงุนุฏู‡ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุฅู„ู†ุชู‚ู€ู€ุงู… ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุญูŠุง ุชู€ู€ู‡ โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุนุดู€ู€ูŠู‚ุชู‡ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุชุชุทู€ู€ูˆุฑ ุงุฃู„ุญู€ู€ุฏุงุซ ููŠุงู„ู‚ูŠู€ู€ุง ุฃุฎุงู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุจุนู€ู€ุถโ€ฌ โ€ซ ุงู„ูู„ุณู€ู€ูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุตุญุงุจู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ุนู€ู€ุฑุจ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุดู€ู€ุงุทุฆ ุงู„ุจุญู€ู€ุฑ ุญูŠู€ู€ุซ ุฐู‡ุจู€ู€ุง ู„ุฒูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุถู€ู€ุงู ุนู„ูŠู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุงุนุชู†ู‚ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูƒุงู…ู€ู€ูˆโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃุตุฏู‚ู€ู€ุงุกโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูŠุดู€ู€ุจ ุตู€ู€ุฑุงุน ุจูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู€ู€ู† ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ู€ู€ู… ุณู€ู€ุฑุนุงู† ู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุธู„ู€ู€ุช ู…ุญู€ู€ูˆุฑ ุชููƒูŠู€ู€ุฑู‡ ูˆูƒุชุงุจุงุชู€ู€ู‡ ูŠุชูุฑู‚ู€ู€ูˆุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูŠุฃุฎู€ู€ุฐ โ€ช Meursaultโ€ฌู…ู€ู€ู† ุตุฏูŠู‚ู€ู€ู‡ ู…ุณุฏุณู€ู€ู‡ ุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุญุชู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู…ุงุชู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ููƒู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุจุซูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูŠุชุณู€ู€ุฑุน ูˆูŠู‚ุชู€ู€ู„ ุฃุญู€ู€ุฏุง ู‹โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุซู€ู€ู… ูŠุนู€ู€ูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุช ูˆูŠุถู…ู€ู€ุฏุง ุงู„ุฌู€ู€ุฑุงุญโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆูƒูŠู€ู€ู ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุฅู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุงู† ุฃู† ูŠุชุนุงู…ู€ู€ู„ ู…ุนู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† โ€ช Meursaultโ€ฌูˆู„ุดู€ู€ุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุฑ ูˆูƒุณู€ู€ู„ู‡ ู„ุชุณู€ู€ู„ู‚ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุงู„ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชุนู€ู€ุฑุถ ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌุงู„ุนุจุซูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุชู†ุจุนู€ู€ุซ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุชู†ุงู‚ู€ู€ุถ ู„ู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฑุฑ ุงู„ุฐู‡ู€ู€ุงุจ ู„ู„ุดู€ู€ุงุทุฆ ุซุงู†ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ููŠุฌู€ู€ุฏ ุฃุญู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ุนู€ู€ุฑุจ ู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุญุชู…ู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุงุฃู„ุฒู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุจูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุบุจู€ู€ุฉ ุฒุงู„ ู‡ู†ู€ู€ุงูƒโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู…ุฌู€ู€ุฑูˆุญ ูˆู…ุณู€ู€ุชู„ู‚ูŠ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุฃู„ุฑุถ ูู€ู€ุง ูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฏุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุจุญู€ู€ุซ ุนู€ู€ู† ู…ุนู†ู€ู€ู‰ ูˆู‚ูŠู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠู€ู€ุงุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู€ู€ูŠ ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ูˆูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ู‚ุงุชู„ุชู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู„ูƒู†ู€ู€ู‡ ูŠุธู‡ู€ู€ุฑ ุณู€ู€ุงุญู‡ ูˆ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุณู€ู€ูƒูŠู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุชู‡ูŠู€ู€ุฃโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠูุชู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุชูƒูˆูŠู†ู€ู€ู‡ ูˆุทุจูŠุนุชู€ู€ู‡ ุฃูŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุณู€ู€ุจุจ ูˆุฌู€ู€ูˆุฏูŠ ู„โ€ช Meursaultโ€ฌูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ู…ุณ ูˆุจุณู€ู€ุจุจ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุณู€ู€ูŠู ุทูˆูŠู€ู€ู„โ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูˆ ุบุงูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุณู€ู€ูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ู€ู€ูˆุชโ€ช .โ€ฌุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู…ูƒุชู€ู€ุฑุซ ุจู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุณู€ู€ู…ู‰ โ€ช theโ€ฌููŠู‚ู€ู€ูˆู… ุจุฅุทู€ู€ุงู‚ ุฑุตุงุตู€ู€ุฉ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฑุจู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌููŠุฑุฏูŠู€ู€ู‡ ู‚ุชูŠู€ู€ุงู‹โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุซู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช Human Experienceโ€ฌูˆูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ุง ุชุญุชู€ู€ูˆูŠ ู…ู€ู€ู† ู…ุดู€ู€ุงุนุฑ ูˆุฃุญุงุณู€ู€ูŠุณ ูˆุจู€ู€ุฏูˆู† ุฅู„ู‚ู€ู€ุงุก ุฃูŠ ู…ุจู€ู€ุฑุฑุงุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูŠู‚ู€ู€ูˆู… ุจุฅุทู€ู€ุงู‚ ุงู„ู†ู€ู€ุงุฑ ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡ ุฃุฑุจุนู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู…ุตุงุฏูู€ู€ุงุช ูˆุญู€ู€ูˆุงุฏุซ ูˆุณู€ู€ุนุงุฏุฉ ูˆุขุงู„ู… ูˆุนู€ู€ุฐุงุจ ูˆุถูŠู€ู€ุงุน ูˆุฎุณู€ู€ุงุฑุฉ ู… ู€ุฑุงุช ุฃุฎู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌููŠุชู€ู€ู… ุงู„ู‚ุจู€ู€ุถ ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡ ูˆุชุฒูˆูŠู€ู€ุฏู‡ ุจู…ุญุงู…ู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ู† ู‚ุจู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงูƒุชุฆู€ู€ุงุจ ูˆูŠู€ู€ุฃุณโ€ช .โ€ฌูŠุตุทู€ู€ุฏู… ุงู„ูู€ู€ุฑุฏ ุจุญู‚ูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุจุซูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุจุนู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุชุฃู‡ูŠุจู€ู€ู‡ ู„ู„ู…ุญุงูƒู…ู€ู€ุฉุ› ูˆู‡ู†ู€ู€ุง ูŠุชุทู€ู€ุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฏุนู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุนู€ู€ุงู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุชุนุฑุถู€ู€ู‡ ู„ู…ุตูŠุจู€ู€ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฃุณู€ู€ุงุฉ ุชุนุตู€ู€ู ุจูƒูŠุงู†ู€ู€ู‡ ูˆู…ุนุชู‚ุฏุงุชู€ู€ู‡ ูˆูƒู„ ู„ุชุตุฑูุงุชู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ุนุฌูŠุจู€ู€ุฉ ูˆูƒุงู„ู…ู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูุชู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ู„ู„ู…ุดู€ู€ุงุนุฑ ูˆุงู„ุทุจูŠุนู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ุง ุฃุฎู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู…ุณู€ู€ู„ู…ุงุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูƒู…ู€ู€ูˆุช ุดู€ู€ุฎุต ุนุฒูŠู€ู€ุฒโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงุงู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุซู†ู€ู€ุงุก ูˆูู€ู€ุงุฉ ูˆุฌู†ู€ู€ุงุฒุฉ ุฃู…ู€ู€ู‡ ู…ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠู€ู€ุฏู„ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงูุชู‚ู€ู€ุงุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูˆ ุฃุฒู…ู€ู€ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู…ุฏูˆูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃูˆ ูƒู…ู€ู€ุง ุญู€ู€ุฏุซ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆุงูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุนู‚ู€ู€ุจ ู„ุฅู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุดู€ู€ุงุนุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฌู€ู€ุฒุก ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฃุฏู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุงุฅู„ุฏุงู†ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจุงุฅู„ุถุงูู€ู€ุฉ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุญูƒู€ู€ู… ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุต ุจุงุฅู„ุนู€ู€ุฏุงู…โ€ช .โ€ฌูŠุชุฑุชู€ู€ุจ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงุฅู„ุฏ ุฑุงูƒ ูƒูŠู€ู€ู ุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุณู€ู€ุงุนุฏ ุตุฏูŠู‚ู€ู€ู‡ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฅูŠู€ู€ุฐุงุก ุนุดู€ู€ูŠู‚ุชู‡ ูˆู„ู€ู€ูˆ ูู‚ู€ู€ุท ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุฑุฏุฉ ูุนู€ู€ู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูˆูู‚ ู€ุง ู‹ ู„ูƒุงู…ู€ู€ูˆโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‡ู†ู€ู€ุงูƒ ุซู€ู€ุงุซ ุงุญุชู…ู€ู€ุงุงู„ุช ุงู„ ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ช :โ€ฌุฅู…ู€ู€ุง ุฎู€ู€ุงู„ ูƒุชุงุจู€ู€ุฉ ุฑุณู€ู€ุงู„ุฉ ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจุงู„ู†ูŠุงุจู€ู€ุฉ ุนู€ู€ู† ุตุฏูŠู‚ู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุซู€ู€ู… ูƒูŠู€ู€ู ุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู† ุชุตู…ู€ู€ุฏู… ุจุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ุนุจุซูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุชู€ู€ุฑู‰ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงุฅู„ุตุทู€ู€ุฏุงู… ุฏู…ู€ู€ุงุฑุง ู‹ ุนู€ู€ุงุฏ ุซุงู†ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู„ุณู€ู€ุงุญุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฑูŠู…ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุฃุทู„ู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ุฑุตู€ู€ุงุต ุฎู…ู€ู€ุณ ู… ู€ุฑุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ุญูŠุงุชู€ู€ูƒ ูˆุนู‚ู„ู€ู€ูƒ ูˆููƒู€ู€ุฑูƒโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุชู‚ู€ู€ูˆู… ุจุงุงู„ู†ุชุญู€ู€ุงุฑ ูˆู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุญู€ู€ู„ ูŠุฑูุถู€ู€ู‡ ู…ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠู€ู€ุฏู„ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุณู€ู€ุจู‚ ุงุฅู„ุตู€ู€ุฑุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุชุฑุตู€ู€ุฏโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฎุตูˆุตู€ู€ุง ู‹ ุฃู† ุชุจุฑูŠู€ู€ุฑู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซูƒุงู…ู€ู€ูˆโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃูˆ ุชุตู†ู€ู€ุน ู„ู†ูุณู€ู€ูƒ ุตู€ู€ูˆุฑุฉ ุฐู‡ู†ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุตู†ุงุนูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ูˆุชู‚ู†ู€ู€ุน ู„ู„ุญุงุฏุซู€ู€ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ุตุฏูู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุจุณู€ู€ุจุจ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ู…ุณ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุฌุนู„ุชู€ู€ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซู†ูุณู€ู€ูƒ ุจุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุนูƒู€ู€ุณ ู…ู†ุทู‚ู€ู€ูŠ ูˆู…ู†ุธู€ู€ู… ูˆูŠุญุชู€ู€ูˆูŠ ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู‚ู€ู€ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุคูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆู„ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุชู‡ูŠู€ู€ุฃ ู„ู€ู€ู‡ ู…ู€ู€ุง ุฑุฃู‰โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌููŠู‚ุชุถู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุณู€ู€ุจุจ ูˆู…ุนู†ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฎู€ู€ุงู„ ุงุนุชู†ุงู‚ู€ู€ูƒ ู„ุนู‚ูŠู€ู€ุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฏูŠุงู†ู€ู€ุฉ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงุถู€ู€ูŠ ุฃู† ูŠุญูƒู€ู€ู… ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡ ุจุงุฅู„ุนู€ู€ุฏุงู…โ€ช .โ€ฌูˆูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุดู€ู€ู‡ุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซุบูŠุจูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุชู‚ุชุถู€ู€ูŠ ุจู€ู€ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฃุฎู€ู€ุฐ ู‚ูู€ู€ุฒุฉ ุฅูŠู…ุงู†ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูƒุงุฅู„ูŠู…ู€ู€ุงู† ุจุงู„ู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุฃุฎูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู‚ุจู€ู€ู„ ุชู†ููŠู€ู€ุฐ ุงู„ุญูƒู€ู€ู… ูŠู‚ู€ู€ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุชุญู€ู€ุฏุซ ู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุฑุงู‡ู€ู€ุจ ููŠู‚ู€ู€ูˆู„โ€ฌ

โ€ซุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุจโ€ฌ

โ€ซุซโ€ฌ โ€ซุนโ€ฌ โ€ซู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู„โ€ฌ โ€ซู…โ€ฌ

โ€ซุนู†ู‰โ€ฌ

โ€ซุฃ ุณูŠู„โ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชูขูฃโ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุฑูˆุงูŠุฉโ€ฌ

โ€ซุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุบุฑโ€ฌ

โ€ซุนโ€ฌ โ€ซุจโ€ฌ โ€ซุซโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุฉ ุงู„ุจโ€ฌ

โ€ซุญ ู€ุซโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชูขูขโ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฏุฑ ุฏูŠููŠู€ู€ุฏ ุฅุซุจู€ู€ุงุช ุจุฑุงุกุชู€ู€ู‡ ูˆูƒูˆู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠุฎุทู€ู€ุฆ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ูˆุงุขู„ุฎู€ู€ุฑูˆู† ุญูŠู€ู€ู† ุฃุฑุงุฏูˆุง ุฃู† ูŠุนุทู€ู€ูˆุงโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช pleasantvilleโ€ฌุงู„ุทุนู€ู€ู… ูˆุงู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆู† ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ุชูุชู‚ู€ู€ุฏู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูŠู†ุฌู€ู€ุญ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุชุญูˆูŠู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู€ู€ุฏุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู†ูุณู€ู€ู‡ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงุฃู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุถ ูˆุงุฃู„ุณู€ู€ูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุฃู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆุงู† ูˆุจุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ูŠูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ุงู†ุชุตู€ู€ุงุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุดู€ู€ุงุนุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงู„ุดู€ู€ุบู ูˆุงู„ุฌู…ู€ู€ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุชู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงุฃู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆุงู† ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุงูƒุชู…ู€ู€ู„ ุถู€ู€ุฏ ุงุฃู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุถ ูˆุงุฃู„ุณู€ู€ูˆุฏ ูˆูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠู…ุซู„ู€ู€ู‡ ู…ู€ู€ู† ูƒู…ู€ู€ุงู„ ู…ู…ู€ู€ู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจุณู€ู€ูŠุท ูˆ ู…ูŠู€ู€ุช ูŠูุชู‚ู€ู€ุฑ ู„ู„ุญูŠู€ู€ุงุฉ ูˆุงุฅู„ุจู€ู€ุฏุงุนโ€ช .โ€ฌุฃู„ูŠู€ู€ุณ ูƒุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒุŸโ€ฌ โ€ซุฅุฐุง ู†ุธุฑู†ู€ู€ุง ู„ู„ููŠู„ู€ู€ู… ุจู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู†ุธู€ู€ุฑูŠ ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ู‚ุงุตู€ู€ุฑุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู„ู†ู€ู€ุง ุฃู†โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซู†ู…ู€ู€ุฏุญ ุงู„ู…ุฎู€ู€ุฑุฌ โ€ช Gary Rossโ€ฌุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุดู€ู€ุฑุญู‡ ู„ู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ูˆุงู„ุณู€ู€ุชูŠุฌู…ุง ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ูŠุชุนู€ู€ุฑุถ ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู€ู€ูโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูƒู…ู€ู€ุง ุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ู†ุฌู€ู€ุญ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุณู€ู€ุฑุฏ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุงุงู„ุฌุชู…ุงุนู€ู€ูŠ ูˆู„ู„ุซู€ู€ูˆุฑุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุซู‚ุงููŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชู€ู€ุคุฏูŠ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุฌูŠู€ู€ุฏโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู†ู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุฑู‰ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุณู€ู€ู„ูˆุจ ูˆู…ุญุชู€ู€ูˆู‰ ุงู„ููŠู„ู€ู€ู… ู…ุนู†ู€ู€ู‰ ุขุฎู€ู€ุฑ ูˆู†ุชูŠุฌู€ู€ุฉ ุนูƒุณู€ู€ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุฑุงุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฎู€ู€ุฑุฌโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆ ู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู…ู€ู€ุง ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูุนู„ู€ู€ู‡ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงู„ุชุญู€ู€ุฑูƒ ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซู†ู€ู€ูˆุน ู…ุนูŠู€ู€ู† ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุชุฌุงู†ู€ู€ุณ ูˆุงู„ู…ุทุงุจู‚ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู†ู€ู€ูˆุน ุฃุฎู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู† ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู€ุง ู‹โ€ฌ โ€ซู‚ู„ูŠู€ู€ุงู‹โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจู…ุนู†ู€ู€ู‰ ุฃู† โ€ช pleasantvilleโ€ฌุชุบูŠูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฃู‚ุตู€ู€ู‰ ุงุฃู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุถ ูˆุงุฃู„ุณู€ู€ูˆุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฃู‚ุตู€ู€ู‰ ุงุฃู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆุงู† ุจู€ู€ู„ ุฅู†ู€ู€ู‡ (ุงู„ู…ุฎู€ู€ุฑุฌ) ูู€ู€ุฑุถ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ฌ โ€ซุฑุคูŠุชู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ุฎุงุตู€ู€ุฉ ุจู€ู€ุฃู† ุงุฃู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆุงู† ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุจุงู„ุถู€ู€ุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูุถู€ู€ู„ ูˆุฃูƒุซู€ู€ุฑ ุฌู…ู€ู€ุงุงู„ู‹ ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฃู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุถ ูˆุงุฃู„ุณู€ู€ูˆุฏโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆ ุจู€ู€ุฃู† ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูŠ ู€ุฑุงู† ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชุดู€ู€ูˆุจ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฌุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃูุถู€ู€ู„ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุจุณู€ู€ุงุทุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุทู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชุนู„ู€ู€ู‚ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฌุฑุฉโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช Garyโ€ฌูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุจุนู€ู€ุฏ ุนู€ู€ุฑุถ ุงู„ููŠู„ู€ู€ู… ู‚ู€ู€ุงู„ ุจู€ู€ูƒู„ ุซู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ูŠุดู€ู€ุนุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู† ููŠู„ู…ู€ู€ู‡ ูŠุนู€ู€ุฑุถ ุงู†ุชุตู€ู€ุงุฑ ุงุฃู„ู‚ู„ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุทู…ูˆุญู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญุงู„ู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุณู€ู€ุชู‚ุจู„ ุฃูุถู€ู€ู„ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฌุนูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ูุงุดู€ู€ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชุฑูู€ู€ุถโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุจุชุนู†ู€ู€ุช ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ู…ู€ู€ู† ู‚ู€ู€ุงู„ ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ุง ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู€ู€ุฏูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุจุงู„ุถู€ู€ุฑูˆุฑุฉ ูุงุดู€ู€ูŠ ุฃูˆ ู†ู€ู€ุงุฒูŠุŸ ู…ู€ู€ู† ู‚ู€ู€ุงู„ ุฃู† โ€ช pleasantvilleโ€ฌู„ูŠุณู€ู€ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ โ€ชpleasantโ€ฌุŸ ุฃูˆ ุฃู† โ€ช pleasantnessโ€ฌู„ูŠุณู€ู€ุช ูƒุงููŠู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุญู€ู€ุฏ ุฐุงุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ู„ุจุนุถู†ู€ู€ุงุŸ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูุนู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฎู€ู€ุฑุฌ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุฅู‚ุตู€ู€ุงุก ุฌู€ู€ุฒุก ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูŠุฌู€ู€ุฏ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู†ู€ู€ุงุฎ ูˆุทุจูŠุนู€ู€ุฉ โ€ช pleasantvilleโ€ฌู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุทูŠู€ู€ุจโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุดู€ู€ุนุฑู‡ ุจุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ุงู† ูˆุงุฃู„ู‡ู€ู€ู… ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงุฅู„ู†ุชู…ู€ู€ุงุกโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุนุงู…ู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎู€ู€ุฑุฌ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุทุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุณู€ู€ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซู„ูŠุณู€ู€ูˆุง ุจู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ุณู€ู€ู„ุจู‡ู… ุดู€ู€ุฑุนูŠุฉ ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงุงู„ุฎุชูŠู€ู€ุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุชูุถูŠู€ู€ู„โ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆูƒุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ูŠู‚ู€ู€ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุณู€ู€ูƒุงู† โ€ช pleasantvilleโ€ฌุจุทุจุงุฆุนู‡ู€ู€ู… ูˆุฃุณู€ู€ุงู„ูŠุจู‡ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุจุณู€ู€ูŠุทุฉ ูˆุงุฃู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฑุจ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู…ู€ู€ุงู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูŠุดู€ู€ุนุฑ ุฏูŠููŠู€ู€ุฏ ู…ุนู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุบุฑูŠุฒูŠู€ุง ู‹ ุจุงุงู„ู†ุชู…ู€ู€ุงุกโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู‡ู€ู€ุคุงู„ุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ู€ู€ู… ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุจู„ู€ู€ูˆุง ุงุขู„ุฎู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูŠู‚ุจู„ู€ู€ูˆุง ุงุฃู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆุงู† ูˆู‡ู€ู€ุฐุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู†ู€ู€ูˆุน ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ูู€ู€ู† ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุณู€ู€ูŠู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุตุงุฎุจู€ู€ุฉ ุจู€ู€ู„ ูˆุฃู† ูŠู…ุญู€ู€ูˆุง ุทุจุงุฆุนู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆูŠูุถู„ู€ู€ูˆุง ุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงุฃู„ุฎู€ู€ุฑู‰โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูƒุฃู† ุณู€ู€ูƒุงู† โ€ช pleasantvilleโ€ฌุฃู‚ู€ู€ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู€ู€ู… ุฃู‡ู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุฌู€ู€ุฏุงุฑุฉ ูˆู‚ูŠู…ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌู€ู€ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุชุทุจูŠู€ู€ุน ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠู€ู€ุฑุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฎู€ู€ุฑุฌ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุตู€ู€ูˆุงุจ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน โ€ช ุŒpleasantvilleโ€ฌูˆุฃูƒุจู€ู€ุฑ ุฏู„ูŠู€ู€ู„ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆู„โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงู„ุจูŠุชูˆุชู€ู€ูŠ ู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠุชู€ู€ุฑูƒ ู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌู€ู€ุงู„ ู„ูŠู†ุชู…ู€ู€ูŠ ู„ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงุฃู„ุณู€ู€ู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุชู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุชุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุฑูŠู€ู€ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฎู€ู€ุฑุฌ ุฃู† ูŠูƒู€ู€ูˆู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุณู€ู€ุงู‡ู… ุฏูŠููŠู€ู€ุฏ ู†ูุณู€ู€ู‡ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุชุบูŠูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซุจู…ู‚ู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุฒุจโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู†ู€ู€ุงุฒูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ู„ู‚ุทู€ู€ุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุณู€ู€ูŠู†ู…ุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ูŠู‚ู€ู€ูˆู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุจู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ู…ุฎู€ู€ุฑุฌ ุญูŠู†ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุตูˆุฑู‡ู€ู€ู… ุดู€ู€ุจูŠู‡ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒู„ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุจู‡ ุจู„ู‚ุทู€ู€ุงุช ููŠู„ู€ู€ู… โ€ชCitizenโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช Kaneโ€ฌูˆุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ูŠุญูƒู€ู€ูŠ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงุขู„ุฎู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู€ู€ู† ุญูŠู€ู€ุงุฉ ุฏูŠู…ุงุฌู€ู€ูˆุฌ ุงุณู€ู€ุชุจุฏุงุฏูŠโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆูู€ู€ูŠ ุญุฑูƒู€ู€ุฉ ุฐูƒูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฃุฎู€ู€ุฑู‰ ู„ู…ุญู€ู€ุงูƒุงุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ูˆุงู‚ู€ู€ุนโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุชุชุนู€ู€ุฑุถ ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชุญูˆู„ู€ู€ุช ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุฃู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆุงู† ู„ู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุญูŠู€ู€ุซ ูŠู„ู‚ุจู€ู€ูˆู† ุจู€ู€ุงู„โ€ช colouredโ€ฌู…ุซู„ู…ู€ู€ุง ูƒุงู†โ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุญู€ู€ุฏุซ ู…ู€ู€ุน ุงุฃู„ูุงุฑู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงุฃู„ู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู€ู€ู† ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุตู€ู€ู„ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ูŠ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฑู† ุงู„ู…ุงุถู€ู€ูŠโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุชุชุทู€ู€ูˆุฑ ุงุฃู„ุญู€ู€ุฏุงุซ ุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ูŠุชู‡ู€ู€ู… ูƒุงู„ู‹ ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุฏูŠููŠู€ู€ุฏ ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุฑุณู€ู€ุงู… ุจุงุฅู„ูุณู€ู€ุงุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงู„ุชุฏู…ูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุงุฃู„ุฎุงู„ูู€ู€ูŠ ูˆูŠุชู€ู€ู… ุงู„ู‚ุจู€ู€ุถโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ูŠู‡ู…ู€ู€ุง ูˆู…ุญุงูƒู…ุชู‡ู…ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ู† ู‚ุจู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู…ู€ู€ุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู‚ุงุฆู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ุฑุฌุนูŠูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงู„ูˆุญูŠู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠุชุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู„ูˆู†ู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุญุชู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ

โ€ซุจุงุฅู„ุถุงูู€ู€ุฉ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุงู„ููŠู„ู€ู€ู… ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุน ูู€ู€ูŠ ู†ูู€ู€ุณ ุงุฃู„ุฎุทู€ู€ุงุก ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูŠู†ุชู‚ุฏู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู†ู€ู€ุฐ ุฃูˆู„ ู„ุญุธู€ู€ุฉโ€ช :โ€ฌุงู„ููŠู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠู†ุชู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠู€ู€ุฏ ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน โ€ช pleasantvilleโ€ฌู„ูƒู†ู€ู€ู‡ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃูƒุซู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ุฑุฉ ูŠู€ู€ุฑูˆุฌ ุฃู„ูู€ู€ูƒุงุฑ ู…ุนูŠู†ู€ู€ุฉ ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุง ู‹ ู…ุนุฑุถู€ู€ุฉ ู„ู†ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ุฐุนโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู…ุซู€ู€ุงู‹ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ุฏุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงุถุญู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุจุดู€ู€ูƒู„ ูู€ู€ุฌ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ููŠู„ู€ู€ู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู†ู€ู€ุฑู‰ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃูƒุซู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู† ู…ุดู€ู€ู‡ุฏ ุงุนุชู…ู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ู€ู€ุฑุฃุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฌู€ู€ู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุชู€ู€ุงุฑุฉ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูŠุญู…ูŠู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุชุชุฌู€ู€ูˆู„ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุงุฑุนโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุชู€ู€ุงุฑุฉ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุญู€ู€ุงูˆู„ ุชุบุทูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจู…ูƒูŠู€ู€ุงุฌ ุฃุจูŠู€ู€ุถ ูˆุฃุณู€ู€ูˆุฏ ู„ูŠุฎูู€ู€ูŠ ุชุญูˆู„ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูู€ู€ูŠ ุชู€ู€ุงุฑุฉ ุฃุฎู€ู€ุฑู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูŠู†ู€ู€ุฒุน ุนู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู…ู€ู€ุฑุฃุฉ ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูƒูŠู€ู€ุงุฌ ู„ูŠุคูƒู€ู€ุฏ ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจู…ูƒูŠู€ู€ุงุฌ ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูˆู†ู€ู€ู‡ุ›โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุจุงู„ู…ุซู€ู€ู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุฏูŠููŠู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ ูŠุชุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู„ูˆู†ู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃูŠ ุงู„ ูŠุตุจู€ู€ุญ ุฑุฌู€ู€ุง ุจุงู„ู…ุนู†ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูŠู€ู€ุฑุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฎู€ู€ุฑุฌโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฅุงู„ ุจุนู€ู€ุฏ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุชุดู€ู€ุงุฌุฑ ูˆุจุถู€ู€ุฑุจ ุฃุญู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ูุชูŠู€ู€ุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู€ู€ู† ุญุงูˆู„ู€ู€ูˆุง ู…ุถุงูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุฃู…ู€ู€ู‡โ€ช .โ€ฌู…ู„ุญูˆุธู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุฎู€ู€ุฑู‰ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุชุถุงูŠู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ุจุนู€ู€ุถโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุชุถุงูŠู‚ู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุง ู‹โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู€ู€ู‚ ู„ู„ุชุญู€ู€ูˆู„ ู„ุฃู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆุงู†โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู…ู€ู€ุง ุชุนู†ูŠู€ู€ู‡ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุชุญู€ู€ุฑุฑ ูˆุฌู…ู€ู€ุงู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุทุฑูŠู€ู€ู‚ ู…ุญูู€ู€ูˆู ุจุงู„ุฎุทุงูŠู€ู€ุง ูˆุงู„ุฐู†ู€ู€ูˆุจ ุจุงู„ู…ุนู†ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฏูŠู†ู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌููู€ู€ูŠ ู„ู‚ุทู€ู€ุฉ ุตุฑูŠุญู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุชู‚ู€ู€ูˆู… ูุชู€ู€ุงุฉ ุจุฅุนุทู€ู€ุงุก ุชูุงุญู€ู€ุฉ โ€œู…ู„ูˆู†ู€ู€ุฉโ€ ู„ุฏูŠููŠู€ู€ุฏ ู‚ุจู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุชุญูˆู„ู€ู€ู‡ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงุฃู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุถ ูˆุงุฃู„ุณู€ู€ูˆุฏโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู€ู€ูŠ ุชุดู€ู€ุงุจู‡ ูˆุงุถู€ู€ุญ ู„ุฎุทูŠุฆู€ู€ุฉ ุขุฏู… ูˆุญู€ู€ูˆุงุกโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูƒุฃู† ุงู„ุชุญู€ู€ุฑุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงู„ุฌู…ู€ู€ุงู„ ุงู„ ูŠุฎู„ู‚ู€ู€ุง ุฅุงู„ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฎุทูŠุฆู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆุฃุฎูŠ ู€ุฑุง ู‹โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูŠุจู€ู€ุฏูˆ ู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃู† โ€ช ุŒGary Rossโ€ฌูˆู…ู€ู€ุน ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุชู€ู€ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู„ุฏูู€ู€ุงุน ุนู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุญุฑูŠู€ู€ุงุช ูˆุชู‚ุจู€ู€ู„ ุงุขู„ุฎู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุงุฎุชู€ู€ุงุฑ ุฃู† ูŠุณู€ู€ุฑุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุตู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฅุทู€ู€ุงุฑ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ู€ู€ุฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุชู„ูุฒูŠูˆู†ู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูƒุฃู† ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู€ู€ูŠ ูŠุตุนู€ู€ุจ ุญุฏูˆุซู€ู€ู‡ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ู€ู€ุนโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุงูƒุชูู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุจุงู„ุฎูŠู€ู€ุงู„โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ุน ุฅุนู€ู€ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธู€ู€ุฑ ุฅุฐุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู‡ู€ู€ู„ ูŠุนุชุจู€ู€ุฑ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ู†ุฌู€ู€ุงุญุŸ ุฃู… ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ู†ุชูŠุฌู€ู€ุฉ ุนูƒุณู€ู€ูŠุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู…ุชุนู…ู€ู€ุฏุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ู‚ุจู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎู€ู€ุฑุฌุŸ ุฃุดู€ู€ุนุฑ ุจู€ู€ุฃู† ู…ุนุธู€ู€ู… ู…ู€ู€ุง ู‚ู„ุชู€ู€ู‡ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูŠูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ุตุนู€ู€ุจโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุงู„ุณู€ู€ุชูŠุนุงุจ ุฃู„ู† ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู€ู€ู„ ูŠุญุชู€ู€ุงุฌ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฑุคูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู…ุณู€ู€ุจู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ููŠู„ู€ู€ู… ูˆุงุชุฃุณู€ู€ู ุดู€ู€ุฏูŠุฏุง ู‹ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุงู‚ุชู€ู€ุฑุญ ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ูƒ ุนุฒูŠู€ู€ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุงุฑุฆ ูˆุจุญูู€ู€ุงูˆุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃู† ุชุดู€ู€ุงู‡ุฏ ุงู„ููŠู„ู€ู€ู… ูˆู…ู€ู€ู† ุซู€ู€ู… ู…ุนู€ู€ุงูˆุฏุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู‚ ู€ุฑุงุกุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ู€ู€ุงู„ ูƒู€ู€ูŠ ูŠุชุถู€ู€ุญ ู„ู€ู€ูƒ ู†ู‚ู€ู€ุฏูŠ ูˆุชุญู„ู€ู€ู„ ุฃู†ู€ู€ุช ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฃูŠ ู…ู€ู€ุฏู‰ ูŠุจู€ู€ุฏูˆ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ู€ู€ุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุนู‚ู€ู€ูˆุงู„ู‹ ูˆุนู€ู€ุงุฏุงู„ู‹โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชูขูกโ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ููŠู„ู…โ€ฌ

โ€ซุจโ€ฌ โ€ซู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุณโ€ฌ โ€ซู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุชโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู…ุฎุชโ€ฌ โ€ซููŠโ€ฌ

โ€ซู„ู ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุชูŠุฌู…ุง ุงุงู„ู„โ€ฌ

โ€ซุฌุชโ€ฌ โ€ซู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุนโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃ ุณูŠู„โ€ฌ

โ€ซุจู„ูŠุณู€ู€ู†ุชููŠู„ (โ€ช ) pleasantvilleโ€ฌู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฃู„ูู€ู€ุงู… ุงุฃู„ูƒุซู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุถูˆุญู€ู€ุง ู‹ ูˆุฌู€ู€ุฑุฃุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซููƒู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุดู€ู€ุฏุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงุงู„ุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุชุฌู€ู€ุงู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู€ู€ู ูˆุฌู…ูŠู€ู€ู„ ูˆู…ูุนู€ู€ู… ุจุงู„ุญูŠู€ู€ุงุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฅู† ุญู€ู€ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎู€ู€ุฑุฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช Gary Rossโ€ฌุฃู† ูŠุนู€ู€ุฑุถ ุงู„ููƒู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุจุณู€ู€ูŠุทุฉ ูˆโ€โ€ชโ€pleasantโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู†ู€ู€ุง ูƒู…ุดู€ู€ุงู‡ุฏูŠู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู„ูŠุดู€ู€ุฑุญ ูƒูŠู€ู€ู ูŠูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุงุงู„ุฌุชู…ุงุนู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฃู„ุณู€ู€ุจุงุจ ูˆุฑุงุกู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูƒูŠู€ู€ู ูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุชู‚ุจู€ู€ู„ ุงุขู„ุฎู€ู€ุฑ ูู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุฌู‡ู€ู€ุฉ ู†ุธู€ู€ุฑู‡โ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ู€ู€ู‰ ูƒู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุฑุงู‡ู€ู€ุง ู‡ู€ู€ูˆุ› ูˆุจุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ูู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ูŠุนู€ู€ุฑุถ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูŠุญู€ู€ุฏุซ ุจู…ุฏูŠู†ู€ู€ุฉ ุฎูŠุงู„ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุตุบูŠู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุชู‚ู€ู€ุน ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฅุญู€ู€ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุถูˆุงุญู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุณู€ู€ูƒู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฃู…ุฑูŠู€ู€ูƒุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณู€ู€ูŠู†ุงุช ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฑู† ุงู„ู…ุงุถู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุชุฏุนู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช pleasantvilleโ€ฌูˆูŠุณู€ู€ุฑุฏ ู‚ุตู€ู€ุต ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุชูŠุฌู…ุง ูˆุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชุทู€ู€ุฑุฃ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุชุญุงูƒู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ู€ู€ุน ูˆุชุดู€ู€ุงุจู‡ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุฑูƒุงุช ุงุงู„ุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูƒุงู„โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช civil rights movementsโ€ฌุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุณู€ู€ุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซู€ู€ุงู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู…ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุนุทู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ููŠู„ู€ู€ู… ุทุงุจุน ู€ุง ู‹โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงู‚ุนูŠู€ู€ุง ู‹ ูˆูู€ู€ูŠ ู†ูู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุธุงู‡ุฑูŠู€ู€ุง ู‹โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌููŠุจู€ู€ุฏูˆ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ูŠุชู…ุชู€ู€ุน ุจุฃุณู€ู€ุงู„ูŠุจ ุฃุฏุจูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆูู†ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฐูƒูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆู…ู„ู€ู€ูŠุก ุจุฑู…ู€ู€ูˆุฒ ูˆุงุณู€ู€ุชุนุงุฑุงุช ู…ุฌุงุฒูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุชุฑู…ู€ู€ุฒ ู„ุญุฑูƒู€ู€ุฉ ุฃูˆ ูุฆู€ู€ุฉ ุฃูˆ ููƒู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุนูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุชุจู€ู€ุฏุฃ ุงู„ู‚ุตู€ู€ุฉ ุจุนู€ู€ุฑุถ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุชูŠู† ุงุฃู„ุณุงุณู€ู€ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆู‡ู…ู€ู€ุง ุงุฃู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆุงู† ุฌู†ูŠูู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุฏูŠููŠู€ู€ุฏโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุฌู†ูŠูู€ู€ุฑ ุทุงู„ุจู€ู€ุฉ ุซุงู†ูˆูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ ุชูƒุชู€ู€ุฑุซ ุฅุงู„ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฎู€ู€ุฑูˆุฌ ู…ูˆุงุนู€ู€ุฏุฉ ูุชูŠู€ู€ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจูŠู†ู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุฏูŠููŠู€ู€ุฏ ูˆู„ู€ู€ุฏ ุฎุฌู€ู€ูˆู„ ูŠู€ู€ูƒุงุฏ ูŠูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ู…ู†ุจู€ู€ูˆุฐ ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠู€ู€ุง ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฌุงู†ู€ู€ุจ ุนู€ู€ุฏู… ุงู‡ุชู…ู€ู€ุงู… ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู€ู€ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซุจู€ู€ู‡ ูƒูˆู†ู‡ู…ู€ู€ุง ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุชุทู„ู‚ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ู€ู€ุง ู…ู†ุดู€ู€ุบู„ ุจุญูŠุงุชู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุทุจุนู€ู€ุง ู‹ ูุงู„ุนุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุจูŠู€ู€ู† ุฏูŠููŠู€ู€ุฏ ูˆุฌู†ูŠูู€ู€ุฑ ู…ุชูˆุชู€ู€ุฑุฉ ูˆุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุฃุฎูˆูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ูŠุตู€ู€ุงุฏู ุงุฃู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆุงู† ุจุญู€ู€ุฏุซ ุบุฑูŠู€ู€ุจโ€ฌ โ€ซูุงุฆู€ู€ู‚ ู„ู„ุทุจูŠุนู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู„ูŠู„ู€ู€ุฉ ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุง ูŠุชุฌู€ู€ุงุฏุงู„ู† ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฑุคูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ู€ู€ุฌ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุชู„ูู€ู€ุงุฒโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู„ูŠุฌู€ู€ุฏุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู†ูุณู€ู€ูŠู‡ู…ุง ุจุฏุงุฎู€ู€ู„ ู…ุณู„ุณู€ู€ู„ ุชู„ูุฒูŠูˆู†ู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณู€ู€ูŠู†ูŠุงุช ูŠุฏุนู€ู€ู‰ โ€ชpleasantvilleโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุญูŠู€ู€ุซ ุงู„ู…ู†ู€ู€ุงุฎ ูˆุงู„ุทุจูŠุนู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงุฃู„ู†ู€ู€ุงุณ ุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ู€ู€ู… ู„ุทูู€ู€ุงุก ูˆโ€โ€ช .โ€pleasantโ€ฌูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุณู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุณู€ู€ุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซู€ู€ุงู„ ูŠู†ุญุตู€ู€ุฑ ุฏูˆุฑ ุฑุฌู€ู€ุงู„ ุงุฅู„ุทูู€ู€ุงุก ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฅู†ู‚ู€ู€ุงุฐ ุงู„ู‚ุทู€ู€ุท ุงู„ุนุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฃู„ุดู€ู€ุฌุงุฑ ู„ุนู€ู€ุฏู… ู†ุดู€ู€ูˆุจ ุฃูŠ ุญุฑูŠู€ู€ู‚ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ู€ู€ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ู†ูŠู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูƒุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุญู€ู€ุงู„ ูุฑูŠู€ู€ู‚ ูƒู€ู€ุฑุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุณู€ู€ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงุจู€ู€ุน ู„ู„ู…ุฏุฑุณู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ุงู„ ูŠุฎุณู€ู€ุฑ ุฃูŠ ู…ุจู€ู€ุงุฑุงุฉ ุฃุจู€ู€ุฏุง ู‹โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ุฃูƒุซู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู€ู€ูƒู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุนุถู€ู€ุงุก ุงู„ูุฑูŠู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ ูŠุฎุทู€ู€ุคูˆุง ุงุฅู„ุตุงุจู€ู€ุฉ ุฃุจู€ู€ุฏุง ู‹โ€ช .โ€ฌุฅุฐู† ูุงู„ุญูŠู€ู€ุงุฉ ู„ูŠุณู€ู€ุช ูู‚ู€ู€ุท ู„ุทูŠูู€ู€ุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ู€ู€ุง ูˆุตูู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ ุชุดู€ู€ูˆุจู‡ุง ุดู€ู€ุงุฆุจุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆุจู…ู€ู€ุง ุฃู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ู€ู€ุฌ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุฃุนู€ู€ุฏ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฎู…ุณู€ู€ูŠู†ุงุช ุญูŠู€ู€ู† ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู€ู€ุฑุถ ุงู„ุชู„ูู€ู€ุงุฒ ุงู„ุตู€ู€ูˆุฑุฉ ุจุงุฃู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุถ ูˆุงุฃู„ุณู€ู€ูˆุฏ ูู‚ู€ู€ุทโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุงุฃู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุงุตโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุณู€ู€ู„ ู‡ู€ู€ู… ุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุง ู‹ ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุงุช ุจุงุฃู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุถ ูˆุงุฃู„ุณู€ู€ูˆุฏโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆูู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุณู€ู€ุท ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ู‡ู€ู€ุฏูˆุก ูˆุงู„ูƒู…ู€ู€ุงู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูŠุฌู€ู€ุฏ ุฏูŠููŠู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุนุงุฏุฉ ุญูŠู€ู€ุซ ูŠู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุฌโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูŠุดู€ู€ุนุฑ ููŠู€ู€ู‡ ุจุงุฅู„ู†ุชู…ู€ู€ุงุก ูˆุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ุงู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุนูƒู€ู€ุณโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุชุดู€ู€ู…ุฆุฒ ุฌู†ูŠูู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ุจุณู€ู€ูŠุท ูˆุงู„ู…ู…ู€ู€ู„ ูˆุชุญู€ู€ุงูˆู„ ุชุบูŠูŠู€ู€ุฑู‡ ู„ูŠู†ุงุณู€ู€ุจ ุฐูˆู‚ู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุชุณู€ู€ุจุจโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌู€ู€ุฉ ุชุบูŠูŠู€ู€ุฑ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุตุบูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ช .โ€ฌููŠุจู€ู€ุฏุฃ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุจุงุจ ุจุงุงู„ุณู€ู€ุชู…ุงุน ู„ุงู„ุบุงู†ู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุตุงุฎุจู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูŠุฎุฑุฌู€ู€ูˆู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุณู€ู€ุงู„ูŠุจู‡ ูˆุฃูุนุงู„ู‡ู€ู€ู… ุนู€ู€ู† ุฅุทู€ู€ุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฃู„ู€ู€ูˆู ูู€ู€ูŠ โ€ชpleasantvilleโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆูŠุจู€ู€ุฏุฃ ุฃุญู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠู€ู€ู† ุจุงู„ุฑุณู€ู€ู… ุจุงุฃู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆุงู† ู…ุซ ู€ุงู‹โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ูˆุชุชุญู€ู€ูˆู„ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุงุช ู†ูุณู€ู€ู‡ุง ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฃู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุถ ูˆุงุฃู„ุณู€ู€ูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุฃู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆุงู† ุดู€ู€ูŠุฆุง ู‹ ูุดู€ู€ูŠุฆุง ู‹โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฃูˆู„ู‡ู€ู€ู… ุฌู†ูŠูู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฃู…ู‡ู€ู€ู… ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ู€ู€ุฌโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุชุดู€ู€ูˆุจ ู†ูŠู€ู€ุฑุงู† ุตุบูŠู€ู€ุฑุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฅุญู€ู€ุฏู‰ ุงุฃู„ุนุดู€ู€ุงุจ ููŠุทูุฆู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฏูŠููŠู€ู€ุฏโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุชุชูˆุงู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุฃู„ุญู€ู€ุฏุงุซโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชูขู โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซูˆูŠุชุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู€ู€ุนโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ุง ุนู€ู€ุฏุง ุงุขู„ุจู€ู€ุงุก ุงู„ุฐูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซูŠู€ู€ุฑูˆู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฏู…ู€ู€ุงุฑ ู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู‡ู€ู€ู… ูˆูุณู€ู€ุงุฏ ุฃุฎุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุนุงุฏุงุชู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌููŠุชุนุงู…ู„ู€ู€ูˆู† ุจุนุฏุงุฆูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุดู€ู€ุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุชุฌู€ู€ุงู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ุง ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู€ู€ูโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุฌุฏูŠู€ู€ุฏ ูˆู…ุจู‡ู€ู€ุฌโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌููŠู‚ูˆู…ู€ู€ูˆุง ุจูˆุถู€ู€ุน ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู„ุฎู€ู€ุฑูˆุฌ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุช ูŠุดู€ู€ุฑุนูˆุง ุจุฅุญู€ู€ุฑุงู‚โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ูƒุชู€ู€ุจโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆ ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุญุฑูƒู€ู€ุฉ ุฑู…ุฒูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฐูƒูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุณู€ู€ุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฎู€ู€ุฑุฌ ู„ูŠู‚ู€ู€ุงุฑู† ุจูŠู€ู€ู† ุงุขู„ุจู€ู€ุงุกโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฑุฌุนูŠูŠู€ู€ู† ูˆุงู„ู†ุธู€ู€ู… ุงู„ุฏูƒุชุงุชูˆุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ูุงุดู€ู€ูŠุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ุชู‚ู€ู€ูˆู… ุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุง ุจุฅุญ ู€ุฑุงู‚ ุงู„ูƒุชู€ู€ุจโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒู…ู€ู€ุง ุนู‡ุฏู†ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ู†ุธู€ู€ุงู… ุงู„ุณู€ู€ูˆููŠุชูŠ ุจู‚ูŠู€ู€ุงุฏุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุณู€ู€ุชุงู„ูŠู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฑูˆุณู€ู€ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุญู€ู€ุฒุจ ุงู„ู†ู€ู€ุงุฒูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุจู‚ูŠู€ู€ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุชู„ู€ู€ุฑ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ูˆูŠุชู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุฎู€ู€ุฑุฌ ุงุขู„ุจู€ู€ุงุก ุจุงู„ู†ุงุฒูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุญูŠู€ู€ุซ ูŠู„ุจุณู€ู€ูˆู†โ€ฌ โ€ซู†ูู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ู„ุจู€ู€ุงุณโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูŠุญูŠู€ู€ูˆู† ุจุนุถู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุจุทู€ู€ุฑู‚ ู…ุดู€ู€ุงุจู‡ุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุงุฒูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู‚ุงุนู€ู€ุงุช ุฌู„ุณู€ู€ุงุชู‡ู… ุชุจู€ู€ุฏูˆ ุดู€ู€ุจูŠู‡ุฉโ€ฌ


โ€ซูŠู€ู€ุง ุตุงุญู€ู€ุจ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑูŠ ู…ุซู„ูƒู€ู€ู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ ุฃุนู€ู€ุฑู ู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุณู€ู€ูุง ุฌู†ุณู€ู€ูŠุฉ ุฃุฎู€ู€ุฑู‰โ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู„ูƒู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ ุฃุญู€ู€ุจ ุญูƒู…ูƒู€ู€ู…ุ› ูู‡ู€ู€ู„ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ูŠุฌุนู„ู†ู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑูŠ โ€œู…ู€ู€ุด ุจุฌู€ู€ุฏุŸ ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงู„โ€ช AUCianโ€ฌุงู„ู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุจุฌู€ู€ุฏุŸ ู„ู…ู€ู€ุงุฐุง ู†ุนุชุจู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ ูŠุญุชูู€ู€ู„ ุจุฏุฎู€ู€ูˆู„ ู…ูˆุณู€ู€ูˆุนุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู€ูˆุงู† ู„ูŠู€ู€ุณโ€ฌ โ€ซุฌูŠู†ูŠู€ู€ุณ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู ู€ุฑุงุบ ุงูˆ ุงุฎุช ู€ุฑุงุน ุฌู‡ู€ู€ุงุฒ ูŠุนุงู„ู€ู€ุฌ ุงุฅู„ูŠู€ู€ุฏุฒ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุซู€ู€ุงุซ ุซู€ ูโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู†ู€ู€ุงุŸ ูˆู…ู€ู€ู† ู‡ู€ู€ู… โ€œู†ุญู€ู€ู†โ€ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณู€ู€ู‡ุง ู†ุญู€ู€ุฏุฏ ู…ู€ู€ู† โ€œู…ู†ู€ู€ุงโ€ ูˆู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซู„ูŠู€ู€ุณ ู…ู†ู€ู€ุงุŸโ€ฌ โ€ซุฎุงู„ุตู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู€ู€ูƒุงู„ู… ุฃู† ุฃูŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ู…ูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฃุดู€ู€ุฎุงุต ู…ุชุนู€ู€ุฏุฏุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู‡ูˆูŠู€ู€ุงุชโ€ช .โ€ฌู…ู€ู€ู† ูŠุญู€ู€ุฏุฏ ู‡ูˆูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุฌู…ุนู€ู€ูŠ ู‡ู€ู€ู… ู…ู€ู€ู† ูŠู…ู„ูƒู€ู€ูˆู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุณู€ู€ู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฑุฏุน ูˆุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ู…ูƒุงูุฆู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุงุถู€ู€ุญโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ ุฏุงุนู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆุถ ููŠู…ู€ู€ุง ุงุณู€ู€ุชู†ูุฐโ€ช .โ€ฌู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ุชูƒ ู€ุฑุงุฑ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุณู€ู€ุชูˆู‰ ู…ุตุบู€ู€ุฑ ูƒุฌุงู…ุนู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงูุชุฑุงุถู€ู€ูŠ ูƒู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู€ู€ุฉ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุดู€ู€ุจูƒุฉ ุชูˆุงุตู€ู€ู„ ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนู€ู€ูŠ ูŠุดู€ู€ูƒูƒ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ุฏู‰ ุตุญู€ู€ุฉ ุฃู† ุณู€ู€ุงุญ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฑุฏุน ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู„ูŠู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ุจู†ุฏู‚ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฏุจุงุจู€ู€ุฉ ูู‚ู€ู€ุทโ€ช .โ€ฌู‚ู€ู€ุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ุงู„ู€ู€ุฑุฏุน ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงู„ุฑูู€ู€ุถ ุงุงู„ุฌุชู…ุงุนู€ู€ูŠ ุฃูˆ ูƒุชู€ู€ู… ุงู„ุตู€ู€ูˆุช (ูƒุญู€ู€ุฐู ุงู„ุจูˆุณู€ู€ุชุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุฎุทุงุจู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู‡ูŠู€ู€ุฉ)ุ› ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุชูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุงูุฆู€ู€ุฉ ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู€ู€ู„ ูˆุงู„ุชู‡ู„ูŠู€ู€ู„โ€ช .โ€ฌู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุชุนู„ู…ุชู€ู€ู‡ ูƒุจุงุญู€ู€ุซ ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจู€ู€ุฉ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ูˆู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุนู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุชู‚ู€ู€ู„ ู‚ุณู€ู€ูˆุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู…ู€ู€ุน ุนู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุนุณู€ู€ูƒุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุฑูŠุญู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌู‡ูƒู€ู€ุฐุง ูŠูˆุงุฌู‡ู†ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ ูŠุฑูŠู€ู€ุฏูˆู† ุงู„ู†ุถู€ู€ุงู„ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงุฃู„ู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ ูŠุฑูŠู€ู€ุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุซู€ู€ูˆุฑุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุทู€ู€ู†โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซู‡ุดุงู… ุดููŠู‚โ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชูกูฉโ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉโ€ฌ

โ€ซุนู† ุฌุฑูˆุจโ€ฌ

โ€ซูˆุงุชุณ ุฃุจ โ€ชAUCโ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซูˆุญู‚ูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ู‡ูˆูŠุฉ ุฎุฑูŠุฌูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงุฃู„ู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉโ€ฌ

โ€ซู„ูƒู€ู€ู… ุณู€ู€ุนุฏุช ุจู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู€ู€ุฉ โ€ช WhatsUp in AUCโ€ฌุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุจโ€ช 27,000โ€ฌุทุงู„ุจู€ู€ุง ู‹ ูˆุฎุฑูŠุฌู€ู€ุง ู‹ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงุงู„ู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุฎุชู„ู€ู€ู ุงู„ุนุตู€ู€ูˆุฑโ€ช .โ€ฌุฃุฎุฐุชู†ู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุชูŠู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ุบุฑุจู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชู‚ุทู†ู†ู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู†ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุจู€ู€ุฑูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญู€ู€ุฏุฉุ› ุฃู„ุณู€ู€ุฑุญ ู…ุนู‡ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฏูุกโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุงุถู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุจุฑุงุซูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑูŠู€ู€ุงุชโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซุนุจู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ุงุงู„ูุชุฑุงุถู€ู€ูŠโ€ช .โ€ฌูƒุงู† ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฑุฃุณ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงุฃู„ุดู€ู€ูŠุงุก ุชุนุงู…ู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุงู„ุฑุฌู€ู€ุงู„ โ€ช -โ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ูˆุงู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุงุก โ€ช -โ€ฌู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู…ู€ู€ุฑุฃุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงุงู„ู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃุฏุงุฉ ู…ุชุนู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุชู„ุจู€ู€ุณ ูˆุชุชุฒูŠู€ู€ู† ูˆุฎุงู„ูู€ู€ู‡ ู„ุชุซูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุฅุนุฌุงุจู€ู€ู‡ุ›โ€ฌ โ€ซุจู€ู€ู„ ูˆุชุญุงูƒู€ู€ูŠ ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุงู„ุฑุฌู€ู€ุงู„ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงุฃู„ุฌูŠู€ู€ุงู„ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุนู€ู€ู† ุฃุฌุณู€ู€ุงุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุงุก ูู€ู€ูŠ ุนุตุฑู‡ู€ู€ู… ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจู†ุณู€ู€ุงุก ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุตู€ู€ุฑ! ุณู€ู€ุฆู…ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุง ู‹ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู…ุจุงู„ุบู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงุงู„ุณู€ู€ุชุซู†ุงุฆูŠุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠู€ู€ุซโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนู€ู€ุฉ ูƒู†ู€ู€ุงุฏ ู„ู„ุตูู€ู€ูˆุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูƒู†ู€ู€ุช ุฏุงุฆู…ู€ู€ุง ู‹ ู…ู€ู€ุง ุฃุธู€ู€ู† ุฃู† ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุญู‚ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุงู„ ูŠู…ุซู„ู†ู€ู€ูŠ ู‡ู€ู€ุคุงู„ุกโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุฃู†ู€ู€ุง ุฎุฑูŠู€ู€ุฌ ู…ุซู„ู‡ู€ู€ู… ู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู€ู€ู… ูˆู„ู€ู€ู† ุชู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ ู…ุฑุชู€ู€ุน ู„ู„ูุฑุฌู€ู€ุฉ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุณู€ู€ูŠุฏุงุช ูˆุงู„ ุตู€ู€ูˆุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ุชุฌู†ู€ู€ุจ ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจูู‚ุฑู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุบู„ุจู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุฃุตุงู„ุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุนุดู€ู€ู‚ุชู‡ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌู„ูƒู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุง ุฃุญุชู€ู€ุฑู… ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ู… ุฃุดู€ู€ุฎุงุต ู…ุณู€ู€ุชู‚ู„ูˆู†โ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู„ู‡ู€ู€ู… ู…ุทู„ู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ุญุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุนู€ู€ู† ุฃููƒุงุฑู‡ู€ู€ู… ูˆุฐูƒุฑูŠุงุชู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชู€ู€ุฑูˆู‚ ู„ู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ช .โ€ฌูุงุฎุชุงู„ูู†ู€ู€ุง ุฑุญู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุฃูˆ ูƒู…ู€ู€ุง ู‚ุงู„ู€ู€ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุงูŠู€ู€ุง ุงู†ุฌู„ู€ู€ูˆ โ€œูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุชู†ู€ู€ูˆุน ู‚ู€ู€ูˆุฉ ูˆุฌู…ู€ู€ุงู„โ€โ€ฌ

โ€ซุฑู†ู€ู€ุช ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุฐู†ู€ู€ูŠ ู‡ุชุงูู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ุทู€ู€ุงุจ ุถู€ู€ุฏ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ุนู…ู€ู€ุงู„ ุถู€ู€ุฏ ู‚ู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฎู€ู€ู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูƒุงู„ู‡ู…ู€ู€ุง ุถู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ู‚ู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงู„ู‚ู‡ู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุงุงู„ุณู€ู€ุชุบุงู„ู„โ€ช .โ€ฌุชุฐูƒู€ู€ุฑุช ุฎู„ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุนู„ู€ู€ู… ุงุฃู„ู…ุฑูŠูƒู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุญู€ู€ุฑู‚โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ู€ู€ู… ุนุตุงุจู€ู€ุงุช ุตู‡ูŠู€ู€ูˆู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู…ู‚ุงุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุฑููŠู€ู€ู‚ ูˆุงู„ุญุจูŠู€ู€ุจโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุญู…ู€ู€ุฏ ุนู€ู€ุงุฏู„ โ€œู…ุฐูƒู€ู€ุฑุงุช ู…ุณู€ู€ุฌูˆู†โ€ ูˆโ€ูŠู€ู€ูˆู… ู†ุนู€ู€ูˆุฏ ุฃุณู€ู€ูˆุฏุงโ€โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู€ู€ู… ู†ูƒู€ู€ู† ู†ุนู€ู€ุฑู ุฃู†ู†ู€ู€ุง ูƒู†ู‘ู€ู€ุง ุฃุณู€ู€ูˆุฏุง ูˆู‚ุชู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ ูƒู†ู‘ู€ู€ุง ู†ุนู€ู€ุฑู ุฃู† ูŠูˆู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุณู€ู€ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ู†ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ู…ุณู€ู€ุฌูˆู† ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ุชู€ู€ูˆู„โ€ช .โ€ฌูƒู†ู‘ู€ู€ุง ุดู€ู€ุจุงุจุง ุจู€ู€ูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ุง ุชุญูˆูŠู€ู€ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ูƒู„ู…ู€ู€ุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠู€ู€ุงุช ูˆุณู€ู€ู„ุจูŠุงุชโ€ช :โ€ฌุงู„ุทูŠู€ู€ุดโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ุชู‡ู€ู€ูˆุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ุนู†ุฌู‡ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงู„ุซู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชู†ุงู‡ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฑูู€ู€ุงู‚โ€ช .โ€ฌู„ูƒู€ู€ู… ุฑุงู‚ู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุนู€ู€ูˆุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ุง ุขู„ู…ู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุญู‚ู€ู€ุง ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุชุตู€ู€ุงุฏู ุงุญุชูู€ู€ุงู„ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซู„ุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑูŠู€ู€ุงุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู… ุดู€ู€ุฑูู†ูŠ ุงุงู„ู†ุชู…ู€ู€ุงุก ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู„ู€ู€ุบ ููŠู€ู€ู‡ ุจุฏุฎู€ู€ูˆู„ ู…ูˆุณู€ู€ูˆุนุฉ ุฌูŠู†ู€ู€ุณ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ู†ุงุถู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ุนุธูŠู€ู€ู…โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€œูƒูˆู…ู†ุชู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ููŠุณู€ู€ุจูˆูƒโ€ ู…ู€ู€ุน ุงุนุชู‚ู€ู€ุงู„ ุฃุญู€ู€ุฏ ุทู€ู€ุงุจ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑู‡ู€ู€ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ุชุฐูƒู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠุฑูู€ู€ุน ุฃุญุฏู‡ู€ู€ู… ู‚ู„ู…ู€ู€ุง โ€ช -โ€ฌุฃูˆ ุงู„ูŠู€ู€ูƒุงโ€ช -โ€ฌุงุนุชุฑุงุถู€ู€ุง ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงุฃู„ู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุจุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ู€ู€ุฑุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชู…ุซู„ู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุฎุทูู€ู€ู‡ ูˆุงุนุชู‚ุงู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุฏูˆู† ุณู€ู€ุจุจ ุฃูˆ ู…ู†ุทู€ู€ู‚โ€ช .โ€ฌู‚ู€ู€ุฑุฑุช ุฃู† ุงุนุจู€ู€ุฑ ุนู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู†ู€ู€ุง ูˆูƒุซูŠุฑูŠู€ู€ู† ู…ู…ู€ู€ู† ู‡ู€ู€ู… ุชู‚ู†ูŠู€ู€ุง โ€ชAUCiansโ€ฌุ› ุฎุฑูŠุฌูŠู€ู€ู† ูˆุทู€ู€ุงุจ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงุฃู„ู„ู€ู€ู… ู„ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุญุจุจู€ู€ุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฎุงุตู€ู€ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃุตุจุญู€ู€ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุจู€ู€ุง ู…ู†ู€ู€ุงุฒุน ู…ุฑุชุนู€ู€ูŠ ู„ุงู„ู„ุชุญู€ู€ุงู… ุจุฐูƒุฑูŠู€ู€ุงุช ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุดู€ู€ุจุงุจู‡ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌุดู€ู€ุงุจโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุนู…ู€ู€ุงู„ ูˆุฃูƒุงุฏูŠู…ูŠูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุจุฏุงูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุนุดู€ู€ุฑูŠู†ุงุชู‡ ุงุนุชู‚ู€ู€ู„ ุจู€ู€ุง ุฏุงุนู€ู€ูŠ ูˆู†ุญู€ู€ู† ู…ู†ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ููŠุณู€ู€ุจูˆูƒ ุงู„ูˆุงุณู€ู€ุนุฉ โ€ช WhatsUpโ€ฌู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู†ุงุตู€ู€ุจ ุญุณุงุณู€ู€ุฉ ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฅู†ู‚ู€ู€ุงุฐู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู‡ู€ู€ู„ ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช in AUCโ€ฌูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ู€ูƒู„ ูŠุณู€ู€ุฑุฏ ุฐูƒุฑูŠุงุชู€ู€ู‡ ูˆูŠุณู€ู€ุชุนูŠุฏ ุฑูˆุญู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุงุจุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌู…ุบูŠู€ู€ุซุŸ ูˆุจุงู„ุฑุบู€ู€ู… ู…ู€ู€ู† ูˆุฌู€ู€ูˆุฏ ุขุงู„ู ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ุจูŠูŠู€ู€ู† ุญูŠู†ู…ู€ู€ุง ุฃุฑุงุฏุชโ€ฌ โ€ซู€ูŠุงุก ู„ุฃู„ุฎุฑูŠู€ู€ู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงู† ุชุฏุฎู€ู€ู„ ู…ูˆุณู€ู€ูˆุนุฉ ุฌูŠู†ูŠู€ู€ุณ ูุญู‚ู‚ู€ู€ูˆุง โ€œโ€ช...ุŒูคูกูฅโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุญุธู€ู€ุช ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงุฃู„ู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุชู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ุฃุดู€ ู‹โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู…ุชู†ุงู‚ุถู€ู€ุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ู€ู€ุง ุนู…ู€ู€ุง ุชู…ุซู„ู€ู€ู‡ ู„ู€ู€ูŠโ€ช .โ€ฌุงู„ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุฐูƒุฑุชู€ู€ู‡ ุจุญูู€ู€ุงุช ;ูƒูˆู…ู†ู€ู€ุชโ€โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠุบู€ู€ุซ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู€ู€ู… ุจูŠุจู€ู€ูˆ ุฃุญู€ู€ุฏโ€ช .โ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ูˆุงุฃู„ุฏุนู€ู€ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ูƒุฑู†ูู€ู€ุงู„ ูˆุชุงู…ู€ู€ุงุฑุงูŠ ูˆุงู„ุจูˆุฏูŠุฌู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุงุงู„ุฎู€ู€ุฑ ุฐูƒุฑุชู€ู€ู‡ ุจุชู‚ู†ูŠู€ู€ุงุช ุงุนุชุฑุถู€ู€ูˆุง ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠู€ู€ุซ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงุฃู„ุดู€ู€ูŠุงุก ุฃู„ู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุบู€ู€ุด ูˆุงู„ุถุญู€ู€ูƒ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุฃู„ุณู€ู€ุงุชุฐุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุงุขู„ุฎู€ู€ุฑ ู…ุซู„ู€ู€ุช ู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุชู…ุซู„ู†ู€ู€ุง ูƒู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงุฃู„ู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุญู€ู€ุฐู โ€œุงู„ุจูˆุณู€ู€ุชโ€ ูˆู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุฑูˆู‚ู€ู€ุงู† ุงู„ุจู€ู€ุงู„โ€ช .โ€ฌุธู†ู†ู€ู€ุช ุฃู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠู…ูŠู€ู€ุฒ ุญูŠู€ู€ุงุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุงุงู„ู‡ ู…ู€ู€ู† โ€œุจูˆุณู€ู€ุชุงุชโ€ ุชุดู€ู€ุจู‡ู‡ ูˆุชุคูŠู€ู€ุฏู‡โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€œุฌุงู…ุนู€ู€ุฉโ€ ู„ู…ุฎุชู„ู€ู€ู ุงุฃู„ุฐูˆุงู‚ ูˆุงุฃู„ูู€ู€ูƒุงุฑ ุชุญู€ู€ุช ู…ุธู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชุนุงูŠู€ู€ุดโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู€ู€ู† ุฃุฎู€ู€ูˆุถ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠู€ู€ุซ ุนู€ู€ู† ุถู€ู€ุฑูˆุฑุฉ ู‚ุจู€ู€ูˆู„ ุงุขู„ุฎู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุดู€ู€ุชุฑูƒโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุฎุงู„ูู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ู…ู€ู€ุง ุงุณู€ู€ุชูˆู‚ูู†ูŠ ุญู‚ู€ู€ุง ู‹ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู…ู€ู€ู† ูŠุญู€ู€ุฏุฏ ู‡ูˆูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ู†ู‚ู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุช ุงุณู€ู€ุชูุฒุชู†ูŠ ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุงุฃู„ุดู€ู€ูŠุงุก โ€ช AUCianโ€ฌูˆุดู€ู€ุทุจ ู…ู€ู€ุง ุฏูˆู†ู‡ู€ู€ุงุŸ ุฐูƒุฑู†ู€ู€ูŠ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฏูŠู€ู€ุซ ุนู€ู€ู† ุงู„โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู„ูƒู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ู„ู€ู€ู… ุชุฑู‚ู€ู€ู‰ ู„ุชุนูƒู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุตูู€ู€ูˆ โ€ช AUCianโ€ฌุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู€ู€ูŠ ุญุฏูŠู€ู€ุซ ุงู„ู…ุดู€ู€ูŠุฑ ุนุจุฏุงู„ูุชู€ู€ุงุญ ุงู„ุณูŠุณู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฑูˆุญู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูˆุตู„ู†ู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฌุงู…ุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชุญุฑูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู„ู†ู€ู€ุฏู† ุงุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠูŠู€ู€ู† ุนู€ู€ู† โ€œุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุจุฌู€ู€ุฏโ€โ€ช .โ€ฌุธู†ู†ู€ู€ุช ูˆู‚ุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃู†ู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชูกูจโ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุง ุชุนู„ู… ุฃู† ู…ุง ุชู†ูˆูŠ ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡ ุฃู…ู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฏุฎู„ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ู€ู€ุง ุบุฑูุชู‡ุง ูˆู‡ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุชุฐุงูƒู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุงู† ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุบ ู‹ุฏุง ูˆุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ุง ุชู„ูƒ ุงุงู„ุจุชุณู€ู€ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑูŠุถุฉโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€œุฌุงูŠู‘ู„ูƒ ุนุฑูŠุณ!โ€โ€ฌ

โ€ซุฑุจู…ู€ู€ุง ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชุณู€ู€ู…ุน ููŠู‡ู€ู€ุง ูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุง ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฌู…ู„ู€ู€ุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฃู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ูุชู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุงุฃู„ุฎูŠู€ู€ุฑุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจุงุฃู„ุฎู€ู€ุต ู„ูƒูˆู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุณู€ู€ู†ุฉ ุงุฃู„ุฎูŠู€ู€ุฑุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ู† ูˆุฌู‡ู€ู€ุฉ ู†ุธู€ู€ุฑ ุฃู…ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ูุชู€ู€ุฑุฉ โ€œุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณู€ู€ุจุฉโ€ ู„ุงู„ุฑุชุจู€ู€ุงุท ุงู„ุนุงุทูู€ู€ูŠโ€ช .โ€ฌู„ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ุง ุชุจู€ู€ุฐู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ุชููƒู€ู€ุฑ ูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฒูˆุงุฌ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูŠุชู€ู€ุฑุงุกู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุณู€ู€ุนู‡ุง ู„ุชู‚ู†ู€ู€ุน ูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุง ุฃู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุฑูŠู€ู€ุณ ู…ูุฎุชู„ู€ู€ู โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู…ู€ู€ู† ุณู€ู€ุจู‚ูˆู‡โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุฐู‡ู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุชุฌุฑุจู€ู€ุฉ ุนู„ู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุนู…ู€ู€ู„ ู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌู†ูŽุถูŽู€ู€ุน ุนู€ู€ุฏุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู†ุงุตู€ู€ุฑ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆู†ุฎู„ุทู‡ู€ู€ู… ุณู€ู€ูˆูŠู‹ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌุฅุฐุง ู†ุฌุญู€ู€ุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุนุธูŠู€ู€ู…โ€ช .โ€ฌุฅุฐุงโ€ฌ โ€ซูโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€œุชุงู†ู€ู€ูŠ ูŠู€ู€ุง ู…ุงู…ู€ู€ุงุŸโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซู… ุฌ ู€ุฑุงโ€ช .โ€ฌุงู„ ุชูู† ููƒู€ู€ุฑ ูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุง ุฃู†โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุฃู†ู€ู€ุช ุนุงุฑูู€ู€ุฉ ุฅู†ู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ุด ุจุญู€ู€ุจ ู„ู€ู€ู… ุชู†ุฌู€ู€ุญโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู†ูุฌู€ู€ุฑุจ ุนู†ุงุตู€ู€ุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูู€ู€ุฉ ูˆ ูŽู‡ู„ู ู€ ู‘โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุฏูŠู€ู€ู‡โ€ ู‚ุงู„ุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุง ุฃู„ู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุชุชูˆู‚ู€ู€ุน ู…ู€ู€ุง ุณู€ู€ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจุดู€ู€ูƒู„ ุนู€ู€ุงู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู†ุงุฌุญู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุชุนู€ู€ุฑูโ€ฌ โ€ซุฑุฏู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุนุฏูŠู€ู€ุฏ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู†ู€ู€ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ุฐูŠู€ู€ู† ุชุฒูˆุฌู€ู€ูˆุง ุจู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุญูŠุงุชู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุณู€ู€ุนูŠุฏุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ุฑุจู…ู€ู€ุง ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ู„ูŠุณู€ู€ุช ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌููŠู€ู€ุงุฑุง ุงู„ ุชุฎู€ู€ูˆุถโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€œุงู„ ุงู„ ุฏู‡ ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ช .โ€ฌุนู†ู€ู€ุฏู‡ โ€ช 27โ€ฌุณู€ู€ู†ุฉ ูˆุจูŠุดู€ู€ุชุบู„ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุดู€ู€ุฑูƒุฉ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจุงู„ู‚ู„ู€ู€ู… ูˆุงู„ู…ุณู€ู€ุทุฑุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุนุฑูˆูู€ู€ุฉ ุจุนููˆูŠุชู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุจุชู€ู€ุฑูˆู„ ูˆุนู†ู€ู€ุฏู‡ ููŠู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ช .โ€ฌู†ู†ู€ู€ุฒู„ ู†ู‚ุงุจู„ู€ู€ู‡ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ูˆู…ุงู…ุชู€ู€ู‡ ูˆุงู†ุทุงู„ู‚ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ ุชุญู€ู€ุจ ุงู„ุฑุณู€ู€ู…ูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ุฌุงู…ู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุจุงู„ูŽู€ู€ุบ ููŠู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ุฑุฉ ูƒู€ู€ุฏู‡ ูˆุฑุจู†ู€ู€ุง ูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฏู… ุงู„ู„ู€ู€ูŠ ููŠู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ุฎูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ช .โ€ฌู…ู€ู€ุด ูŠู…ูƒู€ู€ู† ูŠุทู„ู€ู€ุน ูู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุชูููŽุถู‘ู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ุตุฑุงุญู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู€ู€ู„ ุจุฃุฑูŠุญูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู…ู€ู€ุน ู…ู€ู€ู† ุญูˆู„ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒูˆูŠู€ู€ุณโ€โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ ุชุณู€ู€ุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชูุนู€ู€ู„ ุฃูŠ ุดู€ู€ูŠุก ุฅุงู„ ุจุดู€ู€ุบู ูˆุงู‚ุชู†ู€ู€ุงุนโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌููƒูŠู€ู€ูโ€ฌ โ€ซุฅุฐู† ูŠุชูˆู‚ุนู€ู€ูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃู† ุชุจู€ู€ุฏุฃ ุนุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุนุงุทููŠู€ู€ุฉ ุจุดู€ู€ูƒู„ ู…ุญุณู€ู€ูˆุจโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุญุงูˆู„ู€ู€ุช ูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุง ุขู†ู€ู€ุฐุงูƒ ุฃู† ุชุชุฎูŠู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ู€ู€ูโ€ช :โ€ฌูŠุฌู„ู€ู€ุณ ูˆุฏู‚ูŠู€ู€ู‚ ูˆุนู‚ุงู„ู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุจู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌู€ู€ุฉุŸโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฃู„ุฑุจุนู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุญู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ูƒุงููŠู‡ู€ู€ุงุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุง ูˆุฃู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุงู„ู…ุญู€ู€ุฑูˆุณ ูˆุฃู…ู€ู€ู‡โ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูุฌู€ู€ุฃุฉ ุชูŽุจูŽู€ู€ ูŽุฏ ุฏูŽุช ุฃููƒุงุฑู‡ู€ู€ุง ู„ู„ุญุธู€ู€ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ู‘โ€ฌ โ€ซุฑู† ู‡ุงุชูู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุชุชุจู€ู€ุงุฏู„ ุงุฃู„ู…ู‡ู€ู€ุงุช ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู…ู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ูุงุฑุบู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูŠุญู€ู€ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุฑูŠู€ู€ุณ โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู† ูŠูุชู€ู€ุญ ุฃูŠ ู…ูˆุถู€ู€ูˆุน ุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ูŠู„ูู€ู€ุช ุงู†ุชุจุงู‡ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุชุชุธุงู‡ู€ู€ุฑ ุงุฃู„ู…ู‡ู€ู€ุงุช ุจุตู€ู€ูˆุช ุฑุณู€ู€ุงู„ุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ููŠุณู€ู€ุจูˆูƒโ€ช .โ€ฌุฅู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุญู ุณู€ู€ุงู…โ€ช .โ€ฌุฒู…ูŠู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุจุนู€ู€ุฏู… ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠู€ู€ุฒ ู…ุนู‡ู€ู€ู… ู„ูƒู†ู‡ู€ู€ู… ูŠุชุงุจุนู€ู€ูˆู† ูƒู„ ุญุฑูƒู€ู€ุฉ ุชุตู€ู€ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ุงู†ุถู€ู€ู… ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู€ู€ุฉ ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุฆู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู†ู‡ู€ู€ู… ูˆูƒู„ ูƒู„ู…ู€ู€ุฉ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู†ุชุธู€ู€ุงุฑ ุฃูŠ ู…ุคุดู€ู€ุฑ ู„ุดู€ู€ุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนู€ู€ุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฃุณู€ู€ุงุจูŠุน ู‚ู„ูŠู„ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌู„ูŽููŽู€ู€ุช ู†ุธุฑู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ู† ุจุฏุงูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุชุนุฑูู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุฅุนุฌู€ู€ุงุจ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ู€ู€ุง ุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ูŠุจู€ู€ุฏุฃูˆู† ุจุชุฑุชูŠู€ู€ุจ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุจุขุฑุงุฆู€ู€ู‡ ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุนุชู€ู€ุงุฏุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู€ู€ู‡ ูˆุฌู‡ู€ู€ุฉ ู†ุธู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€œุทู€ู€ุจ ู…ุงู…ู€ู€ุง ู‡ุฎู„ู€ู€ุต ู…ุฐุงูƒู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุงุงู„ู…ุชุญู€ู€ุงู† ุงู„ู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‘ู€ู€ุง ุจูƒู€ู€ุฑู‡ ุฃูˆ ุฌุงู†ู€ู€ุจ ู…ู€ู€ู† ู…ูˆุถู€ู€ูˆุน ู…ู€ู€ุง ู„ู€ู€ู… ุชูููƒู€ู€ุฑ ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ููŠู€ู€ู‡ ู…ู€ู€ู† ู‚ุจู€ู€ู„โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุจุนุฏูŠู€ู€ู† ู†ุจู‚ู€ู€ูŠ ู†ููƒู€ู€ุฑโ€ ู‚ุงู„ู€ู€ุช ูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุง ุฃู„ู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ ุชุจู€ู€ุฏุฃ ูู€ู€ูŠ ูŠู‡ู€ู€ูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุงุธู€ู€ุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู…ุซู„ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุญู€ู€ุงูˆุงู„ุช ุฅู‚ู†ุงุนู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจู…ู‚ุงุจู„ู€ู€ุฉ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุต ุงู„ู…ุฌู‡ู€ู€ูˆู„โ€ช .โ€ฌูˆุงุณู€ู€ุชู…ุชุนุช ุจุงู„ุญุฏูŠู€ู€ุซ ู…ุนู€ู€ู‡ ุฃูƒุซู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู† ู…ู€ู€ุฑุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ูˆุงุถูŠู€ู€ุนโ€ฌ โ€ซุฐู‡ุจู€ู€ุช ุฃู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุฃุบู„ู‚ู€ู€ุช ุจู€ู€ุงุจ ุงู„ุบุฑูู€ู€ุฉ ูˆู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุชุฏุนู€ู€ูˆ ู„ูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุง ุฅู† โ€œุฑุจู†ู€ู€ุง ู…ุชุนู€ู€ุฏุฏุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูู€ู€ูŠ ุชุฌู…ุนุงุชู‡ู€ู€ู… ู…ู€ู€ุน ุจู‚ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงุฃู„ุตุฏู‚ู€ู€ุงุก ุชูุงู„ุญู ู€ู€ุธโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠู‡ุฏูŠู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ชโ€.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุญุถู€ู€ูˆุฑู‡ ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠู€ู€ุฒ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุนู€ู€ู„ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุญูˆู„ู€ู€ู‡ ูŠุณู€ู€ุชู…ุน ุฅู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡โ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุจุดู€ู€ู‡ุงุฏุฉ ุฌู…ูŠู€ู€ุน โ€œุงู„ุดู€ู€ู„ู‘ุฉโ€ ุฃูŠุถู‹ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌู‡ู€ู€ุง ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุฃุฑุณูŽ ู€ู€ู„ ุฑุณู€ู€ุงู„ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุญุงูˆู„ู€ู€ุช ูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุง ุฃู† ุชุชุฎูŠู€ู€ู„ ู†ูุณู€ู€ู‡ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ู€ู€ู ู„ูŠูุฎุจุฑู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู…ูู†ูƒู€ู€ุจ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุฐุงูƒู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุงู…ุชุญู€ู€ุงู† ุงู„ุบู€ู€ุฏ ู…ุซู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆู„ูƒู†ู€ู€ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ู„ู€ู€ู… ุชุฌู€ู€ุฏ ู†ูุณู€ู€ู‡ุง ููŠู€ู€ู‡โ€ช .โ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ู„ูŠุณู€ู€ุช ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุงุช ุณู€ู€ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ู…ุณู€ู€ุงุนุฏุชู‡ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ูู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ุฌู€ู€ุฒุก ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ุงุต ุจู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุฌ ู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ู†ู€ู€ุงุณ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠู€ู€ุฏุฉ ุจุณู€ู€ุฑุนุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌููŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุฃู† ุชูุนุทูŠู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงุณู€ู€ุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ู€ุฏูˆู„ ู„ู„ู‚ู€ู€ูˆุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌุงุฑุชุณู€ู€ู…ุช ุนู„ู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงุจุชุณู€ู€ุงู…ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุณู€ู€ุงุญุชู‡ุง ูˆูˆู‚ุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ู„ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒโ€ช .โ€ฌู„ูŠุณู€ู€ุช ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุฎููŠูู€ู€ุฉ ุซู€ู€ู… ุนู€ู€ุงุฏุช ู„ู…ุฑุงุฌุนู€ู€ุฉ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌู€ู€ุฒุก ุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ุชุณู€ู€ุชุทูŠุนโ€ฌ โ€ซุชู„ูู€ู€ุช ุงุงู„ู†ุชุจู€ู€ุงู‡ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ูˆู‡ู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุงุฃู„ูˆู„ู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌููŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุฃู† ุชุจู€ู€ุฐู„ ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุงุฅู„ุฌุงุจู€ู€ุฉ ุนู€ู€ู† ุฃุณู€ู€ุฆู„ุชู‡โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุฌู‡ู€ู€ูˆุฏ ุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ุชุชุฎุทู€ู€ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆุฆู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ุธุงู‡ู€ู€ุฑูŠ ูˆุชูู€ู€ุฏุฑูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ูˆุถู€ู€ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ู€ุฒูˆุงุฌ ูˆุงู„ุญู€ู€ุจ ุจุฑู…ุชู€ู€ู‡ ุฌูŽ ูŽุนู€ู€ู„ ูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุง ุชูููƒู€ู€ุฑ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู† ุนู‚ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ ูŠุชูˆู‚ู€ู€ู ุนู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุชููƒูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆู„ูŠุณู€ู€ุช ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุงุช โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุซุงุจุชู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ ุชุชุบูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌููŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุฃู† ุชุฑุงู‡ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ูˆุงู‚ู€ู€ู ู…ุชุนู€ู€ุฏุฏุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูโ€ฌ โ€ซุชุณู€ู€ุงุคุงู„ุช ุนู€ู€ุฏุฉโ€ช :โ€ฌู„ู€ู€ูˆโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู€ู€ูŠ ูŠู€ู€ูˆู… ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงุฃู„ูŠู€ู€ุงู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุชูŽ ูŽุทู€ู€ูˆุฑู‘ุช ุนุงู„ู‚ุชู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ุชุธู‡ู€ู€ุฑ ู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุฌูˆุงู†ู€ู€ุจ ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุชู‡ุง ูˆุชุชุจูŠู€ู€ู† ู„ู€ู€ูƒ ู…ุงู„ู…ู€ู€ุญ ุจุญู ุณู€ู€ุงู… ุฅู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุดู€ู€ูŠุก ุฃูƒุซู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุตุฏุงู‚ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู‡ู€ู€ู„ ุณู€ู€ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู‚ู„ูŠุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุชููƒูŠุฑู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซู€ูˆุงุก ุญู ุณู€ู€ุงู… ุฃูˆ ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑู‡โ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุชุฑุชู€ู€ุงุญ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ู€ู€ุงุŸ ุณู€ ู‹โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุฌุงู‡ู€ู€ุฒุฉ ู„ุงู„ุฑุชุจู€ู€ุงุท ุงู„ุนุงุทูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุตู€ู€ุงู‹ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุชุŸโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซูƒูŠู€ู€ูุŸ ูƒูŠู€ู€ู ุฅุฐู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃู† ุชุฐู‡ู€ู€ุจ ู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุดู€ู€ุฎุต ู‡ู€ู€ู„ ุญู‚ู‹ู€ู€ุง ุฃุญู€ู€ุฏ โ€œุงู„ุนุฑุณู€ู€ุงู†โ€ ุงู„ุฐูŠู€ู€ู† ุชุฌู„ุจู‡ู€ู€ู… ุฃู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูŠูƒู€ู€ูˆู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ ุชุนุฑูู€ู€ู‡ ูˆุงู„ู…ุทู„ู€ู€ูˆุจ ู…ู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃู† ุชูŒู‚ูŠู…ู€ู€ู‡ ูƒู€ู€ุฒูˆุฌ ูˆุดู€ู€ุฑูŠูƒ ุญูŠู€ู€ุงุฉ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุต ุงู„ู…ูู†ุช ูŽโ€‹ูŽุธู€ู€ุฑ ูˆู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชุฑูู€ู€ุถ ุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุชูŠู€ู€ู† ุฃูˆ ุซู€ู€ุงุซุŸ ู‡ู€ู€ู„ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ูƒุงูู€ู€ูŠ ู„ู…ุนุฑูู€ู€ุฉ ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุชู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ู€ู€ู…ุŸ ูƒูŠู€ู€ู ุณู€ู€ุชุนุฑู ูˆุชุชุฃูƒู€ู€ุฏ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุต ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณู€ู€ุจโ€ฌ โ€ซูโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุฃูู€ู€ูƒุงุฑู‡ุŸ ู‡ู€ู€ู„ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ูƒุงูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃู„ู† ูŠุนุฑูู‡ู€ู€ุง ู‡ู€ู€ูˆุŸ ูˆูƒูŠู€ู€ู ูŠูู…ูƒู€ู€ู† ุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ุชูŽุฌู…ุนู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ุตุฏูู€ู€ุฉ (ุฃูˆ ุชุฑุชูŠู€ู€ุจ ุฃู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง)ุŸ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ู€ู€ุง ุชุชู…ู†ู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุชูŽููŽู€ู€ู‚โ€ฌ โ€ซูŠู…ูƒู€ู€ู† ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงุฃู„ุณู€ู€ุงุณ ุฃู† ูŠุชุฎู€ู€ุฐ ุฃุญุฏู‡ู…ู€ู€ุง ู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฑุงุฑ ูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุง ู„ู€ู€ูˆ ุฃู† ู„ู„ุญู€ู€ุจ ูˆุงู„ู€ู€ุฒูˆุงุฌ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู€ู€ุฉ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู€ู€ู† ูˆู‚ูˆุงุนู€ู€ุฏ ูโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุตูŠู€ู€ุฑูŠ ุชุญู€ู€ุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงุฅู„ู„ุญู€ู€ุงุญ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงุฃู„ู‡ู€ู€ู„ุŸ ู‡ู€ู€ู„ ุณู€ู€ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชู‚ู€ู€ุฑุฃ ุนู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุชูุฐุงูƒุฑู‡ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ู€ู€ูˆู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุทุจูŠุนุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ูˆู‚ู€ู€ู ูƒู‡ู€ู€ุฐุงุŸ ู‡ู€ู€ู„ ุณู€ู€ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู€ู€ูˆุŸ ูƒูŠู€ู€ู ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ู€ู€ูŠโ€ช...โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุชูˆู‚ุนู€ู€ูˆู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ู€ู€ู ุทุจูŠุนู€ู€ูŠ ูู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุฌู€ู€ูˆุฏ ุนูˆุงู…ู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุฏุฎูŠู„ู€ู€ุฉ ู„ู€ู€ู… ุชูƒู€ู€ู† ู„ุชูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌู€ู€ูˆุฏุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ูˆู‚ู€ู€ู ุชุนู€ู€ุงุฑูโ€ฌ โ€ซุทุจูŠุนู€ู€ูŠ ุŸโ€ฌ

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โ€ซูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงุจุฏุงุนูŠุฉโ€ฌ

โ€ซุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุญโ€ฌ โ€ซููŠ ุจ ูˆู„ุนู‘โ€ฌ โ€ซุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุตโ€ฌ โ€ซุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู„โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุดโ€ฌ โ€ซุฐุง ูˆู„ูŠุฏโ€ฌ

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โ€ซุฃู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ู‚ุงู„ู€ู€ุช ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ุชูƒุจู€ู€ุฑ ุณู€ู€ูˆู ุชุณู€ู€ุชู…ุชุน ุจุฅุฌู€ู€ุงุฒุฉ ุดู€ู€ู‡ุฑูŠุฉ ู„ู…ู€ู€ุฏุฉ ุฃุณู€ู€ุจูˆุนโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุตู€ู€ุงุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌุจุนู€ู€ุฏ ุงุงู„ู†ุชู‡ู€ู€ุงุก ู…ู€ู€ู† ุญุฏูŠุซู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ุน ุตุฏูŠู‚ุชู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฑุฌุนู€ู€ุช ุฃู„ู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุณู€ู€ุนุงุฏุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุณู€ู€ุฃู„ุชู‡ุง ุนู€ู€ู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ู€ุฏู… ูˆ ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุตุญูŠู€ู€ุญโ€ช .โ€ฌุณู€ู€ุนุฏุช ุฃู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจุงู„ุณู€ู€ุคุงู„ ูˆุดู€ู€ุฑุญุช ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู† ุงู„ู€ู€ูƒุงู„ู… ุตุญูŠู€ู€ุญ ูˆุฃู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ู…ู€ู€ุง ุณูŠุณู€ู€ุชุฏุนูŠ ุงุงู„ุฌู€ู€ุงุฒุฉ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ู‡ุฑูŠุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุตู€ู€ุงุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌู„ู€ู€ู… ุชูู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุตู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุจูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุดู€ู€ูŠุฆูŠู† ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุณู€ู€ุนุฏุช ูƒุซูŠ ู€ุฑุง ู‹ ุจู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุถูŠู€ู€ู ุงุฃู„ุญู…ู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู‚ุงู„ู€ู€ุช ุฃู„ู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุณู€ู€ูˆู ุชุฐู‡ู€ู€ุจ ูƒู„ ูŠู€ู€ูˆู… ู„ู„ู…ุฏุฑุณู€ู€ุฉ ู…ุณู€ู€ุชู…ุชุนุฉ ุจุงู„ุจู‚ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุญู… ู€ุฑุงุก ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฒูŠู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌุซู€ู€ุงุฑุช ุงุฃู„ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู‚ุงู„ู€ู€ุช ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจู‚ู€ู€ุน ู„ู€ู€ู† ูŠูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุฌู€ู€ูˆุฏโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆ ุฃู† ู…ู€ู€ุง ุญู€ู€ุฏุซ ู…ู€ู€ุน ุตุฏูŠู‚ุชู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ูู‚ู€ู€ุท ุญุงุฏุซู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุฅุฎูู€ู€ุงุก ูˆุฌู€ู€ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฏู… ุนู€ู€ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ู€ู€ุงุณโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ุฃู‡ู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ู€ู€ุฒู„โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุดู€ู€ุฑุญุช ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃู‡ู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ูู€ู€ูˆุท ุงู„ุตุญูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุถู€ู€ุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจุงู†ุชุธู€ู€ุงู… ู„ู…ู†ู€ู€ุน ูˆุฌู€ู€ูˆุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจู‚ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ู…ุดู€ู€ูŠู†ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ุชุฑูŠู€ู€ุฏ ุฃู† ุชุตุจู€ู€ุญ ูุชู€ู€ุงุฉ ุฌูŠู€ู€ุฏุฉ ูˆู…ู‡ุฐุจู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุงู„ุนุชู†ู€ู€ุงุก ุจุฅุฎูู€ู€ุงุก ุงู„ุจู‚ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุญู… ู€ุฑุงุก ุนู€ู€ู† ุฃู†ุธู€ู€ุฑ ุฌู…ูŠู€ู€ุน ุงู„ู†ู€ู€ุงุณโ€ช .โ€ฌู„ู€ู€ู… ุชูู‡ู€ู€ู… ู„ู…ู€ู€ุงุฐุง ูƒู„ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุงู„ู‡ุชู…ู€ู€ุงู… ุงู„ุฒุงุฆู€ู€ุฏ ุจุฅุฎูู€ู€ุงุก ุดู€ู€ูŠุก ูŠุนุฑูู€ู€ู‡ ุฌู…ูŠู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุจุงู„ุบู€ู€ูˆู†โ€ช .โ€ฌู„ู€ู€ู… ุชู‡ุชู€ู€ู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃุตู€ู€ุฑุชโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุงู„ุญุชูู€ู€ุงู„ ุจู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุถูŠู€ู€ู ุงู„ู…ูู†ุชุธู€ู€ุฑ ูˆู‚ุชู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุฌู€ู€ูŠุกโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ุฑุช ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ู‡ูˆุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงุณู€ู€ุชูŠู‚ุธุช ุฐุงุช ูŠู€ู€ูˆู… ุชุดู€ู€ุนุฑ ุจุฃู„ู€ู€ู… ุบุฑูŠู€ู€ุจ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุนุฏุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ุน ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฏูˆุงุฑโ€ช .โ€ฌู†ู‡ุถู€ู€ุช ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุฑูŠุฑ ู„ุชู„ู…ู€ู€ุญ ุจู‚ุนู€ู€ุฉ ุญู…ู€ู€ุฑุงุก ูƒุจูŠู€ู€ุฑุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุณู€ู€ุท ุงู„ู…ู€ู€ุงุกุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุถู€ู€ุงุกโ€ช .โ€ฌู‚ูู€ู€ุฒุช ูู€ู€ูŠ ุณู€ู€ุนุงุฏุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุชูˆู‚ุนู€ู€ุช ูˆุฌู€ู€ูˆุฏ ุจู‚ุนู€ู€ุฉ ุฃุฎู€ู€ุฑู‰ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุจูŠุฌุงู…ุชู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌู†ุธู€ู€ุฑุช ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู… ู€ุฑุขุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู„ุชุฌู€ู€ุฏ ูุน ู€ุงู‹ ุจู‚ุนู€ู€ุฉ ุฃุฎู€ู€ุฑู‰โ€ช .โ€ฌุฌู€ู€ุฑุช ูู€ู€ูŠ ุญู…ู€ู€ุงุณ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุตุงุญู€ู€ุช ุจุตู€ู€ูˆุช ุนุงู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจู„ุบู€ู€ุช ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฏู…ู€ู€ุงุก ุงู„ุญู…ู€ุฑุงุก ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ู„ุทุฎู€ู€ุช ุณู€ู€ุฑูŠุฑู‡ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู…ุงู„ุจุณู€ู€ู‡ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌูƒุงู† ุฃุฎูŠู‡ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุญุฌุฑุชู€ู€ู‡ ูŠุณู€ู€ุชู…ุน ู„ู„ู…ูˆุณู€ู€ูŠู‚ู‰โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ุฃู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุตุงุญู€ู€ุช ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุฌู‡ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุฌุฑู‘ุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฎู„ูู‡ู€ู€ุง ุณู€ู€ุฑูŠุนุง ู ุฅู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุญุฌุฑุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ู‚ุจู€ู€ู„ ุฃู† ูŠุณู€ู€ุฃู„ ุฃุฎุงู‡ู€ู€ุง ุนู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุญู€ู€ุฏุซโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ู„ุชู‚ู€ู€ุงูˆู… ุญู€ู€ุฑูƒุงุช ุฃู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ุนู†ูŠูู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ุขุงู„ู… ู…ุนุฏุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ุชุนูŠู€ู€ู‚ ุญุฑูƒุชู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ูŠุกโ€ช .โ€ฌู‚ุงู…ู€ู€ุช ุฃู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจุฅุนุทุงุฆู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ุญุงุถู€ู€ุฑุฉ ู…ู…ู„ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุทูˆูŠู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุนู€ู€ู† ุฃู‡ู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุฅุฎูู€ู€ุงุก ุขุซู€ู€ุงุฑ ุงู„ุฏู…ู€ู€ุงุก ู…ู€ู€ู† ูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ูƒุงู† โ€ช -โ€ฌูƒุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฏู…ู€ู€ุงุก ุฌุฑูŠู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุดู€ู€ู‡ุฑูŠุฉ ูˆู„ูŠุณู€ู€ุช ุฌู€ู€ุฒุกโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ู† ุญูŠู€ู€ุงุฉ ูƒู„ ุฅู… ู€ุฑุฃุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูู€ู€ูŠ ุญู€ู€ุฒู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู‚ุงู„ู€ู€ุช ุฃู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ุชุญูƒู€ู€ู… ูู€ู€ูŠ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู‡ู€ู€ูˆุณ ุงู„ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู…ุจู€ู€ุฑุฑ ุจุงู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆู† ุงุฃู„ุญู…ู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ุญุงู„ู€ู€ุฉ ูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุฃู† ูŠูุฎูู€ู€ู‰ ุจุฃุดู€ู€ุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู†ุงูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุจู€ู€ุฏุงู„ู‹ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฃู† ู†ุณู€ู€ุนุฏ ุจู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุดู€ู€ุนุฑุช ุงู„ูุชู€ู€ุงุฉ ูุฌู€ู€ุฃุฉ ุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูŠุตุจู€ู€ุญ ุงู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆู† ุงุฃู„ุญู…ู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ู† ุงุฃู„ู† ูุตุงุนู€ู€ุฏุง ู‹ ู„ูˆู†ู€ู€ุง ู‹ ูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุงู„ุฎุฌู€ู€ู„ ู…ู€ู€ู† ูˆุฌู€ู€ูˆุฏู‡โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฐู‡ุจู€ู€ุช ู„ู„ู…ุฏุฑุณู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ูŠู€ู€ูˆู… ุจุนู€ู€ุฏ ุงุฅู„ุฌู€ู€ุงุฒุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู„ุชูƒุชุดู€ู€ู ุฃู† ุฃู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูˆุถุนู€ู€ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ููˆุทู€ู€ุฉ ุตุญูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฃุฎู€ู€ุฑู‰ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ู†ุทุฉ ูƒู…ู€ู€ุง ุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุง ู‹ ูˆุถุนู€ู€ุช ูุณู€ู€ุชุงู† ุฃุฎู€ู€ุฑ ู„ุชุบูŠูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุงู„ุจุณู€ู€ู‡ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุญุงู„ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุฌู€ู€ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุจู‚ู€ู€ุนโ€ช .โ€ฌู‚ู€ู€ุฑุฑุช ุฃู† ุชุชุฌุงู‡ู€ู€ู„ ุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงุฅู„ุฌู€ู€ุฑุงุกุงุช ุงุงู„ุญุชูŠุงุทูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฌุฏูŠู€ู€ุฏุฉ ูˆุดู€ู€ุนุฑุช ุฃู† ุฃู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุชุนุทู€ู€ูŠ ุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ุฑ ุญูŠู€ู€ุฒุง ู‹ ุฃูƒุจู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠู†ุจุบู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‚ู€ู€ุฑุฑุช ุนู€ู€ุฏู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฑุชู€ู€ุฏุงุก ุงู„ููˆุทู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุชู€ู€ุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฏู…ู€ู€ุงุก ุชุชุฏูู€ู€ู‚ ุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ุชุธู‡ู€ู€ุฑ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ูุณู€ู€ุชุงู†โ€ช .โ€ฌูƒุงู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ูŠู€ู€ูˆู… ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูˆุดู€ู€ูƒ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุงู„ู†ุชู‡ู€ู€ุงุกโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุฐู‡ุจู€ู€ุช ู„ู€ู€ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠู€ู€ุงู‡ ู„ุชู€ู€ุฑู‰ ูƒูŠู€ู€ู ุตู€ู€ุงุฑ ุงู„ูุณู€ู€ุชุงู†โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ู‚ุงู…ู€ู€ุช ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ูƒุฑุณู€ู€ูŠ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ูุตู€ู€ู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูˆุฌู€ู€ุฏุช ุตุฏูŠู‚ุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ุชุดู€ู€ู‡ู‚ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุชูˆุชู€ู€ุฑ ุซู€ู€ู… ู‚ุงู…ู€ู€ุช ุณู€ู€ุฑูŠุนุง ู‹ ูˆุณู€ู€ุงุฑุช ุนู€ู€ู† ุนู…ู€ู€ุฏ ุฎู„ูู‡ู€ู€ุง ู„ุชุฎูู€ู€ูŠ ุธู‡ุฑู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌุงุณู€ู€ุชุนุฌุจุชโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุณู€ู€ุฃู„ุชู‡ุง ู„ู…ู€ู€ุงุฐุง ุฌู€ู€ุฑุช ุฎู„ูู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌููˆุฌุฏุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ุชู‡ู…ู€ู€ุณ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฅุฐู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุชุจุฏูŠู€ู€ู„ ู…ุงู„ุจุณู€ู€ู‡ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌูƒุฐุจู€ู€ุชุ› ู‚ุงู„ู€ู€ุช ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ ูŠูˆุฌู€ู€ุฏ ู…ุนู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃูŠ ูุณู€ู€ุชุงู† ุฅุถุงูู€ู€ูŠโ€ช .โ€ฌู‚ุงู„ู€ู€ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุตุฏูŠู‚ุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุฃู† ุชู‚ู€ู€ูˆู… ุจุฅุนุทุงุฆู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ูุณู€ู€ุชุงู† ูˆุฃู† ุชุจู‚ู€ู€ู‰ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠู€ู€ุงู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ุชุบุณู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ูุณู€ู€ุชุงู† ูˆุชุฌููู€ู€ู‡ ุจู…ู†ุงุฏูŠู€ู€ู„ ูˆุชุนุทูŠู€ู€ู‡ ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆูุน ู€ุงู‹โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุธู„ู€ู€ุช ู…ุนู‡ู€ู€ุง ุญุชู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซู‚ุงู…ู€ู€ุช ุจู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุงู‚ุฉ ูˆูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุซู†ู€ู€ุงุก ุงู„ุบุณู€ู€ูŠู„ ุณู€ู€ุฃู„ุชู‡ุง ู„ู…ู€ู€ุงุฐุง ูƒู„ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ู€ู€ุงุกโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุฅู†ู€ู€ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู€ู€ู† ุฃู† ุชุบุทู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุจู‚ู€ู€ุน ุจุงู„ุญู‚ูŠุจู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฅู† ู„ู€ู€ู… ุชูƒู€ู€ู† ู…ู‚ุชู†ุนู€ู€ุฉ ุจุชุบุทูŠุชู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ู† ุงุฃู„ุณู€ู€ุงุณโ€ช .โ€ฌุดู€ู€ู‡ู‚ุช ุตุฏูŠู‚ุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฐู‡ู€ู€ูˆู„ ุฃูƒุซู€ู€ุฑุ› ู‚ุงู„ู€ู€ุช ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุณู€ู€ู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ุฃู† ุฌู…ูŠู€ู€ุน ุทู€ู€ุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณู€ู€ุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงุฃู„ูˆุงู„ุฏ ุณู€ู€ูŠุถุญูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆูŠู‡ูŠู†ูˆู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุตู…ุชู€ู€ุช ู„ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุงู„ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงุฑุชู€ู€ุฏุช ุงู„ูุณู€ู€ุชุงู† ุจุนู€ู€ุฏ ุชู†ุธูŠูู€ู€ู‡ ุซู€ู€ู… ุฑุฌุนู€ู€ุช ู„ู„ู…ู†ู€ู€ุฒู„โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ู„ูƒ ุชู„ุบุฑุงูโ€ฌ

โ€ซูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ูู€ู€ูŠ ุญู…ู€ู€ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณู€ู€ุฉโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุตู€ู€ู ุงุฃู„ูˆู„ ุงุฅู„ุนู€ู€ุฏุงุฏูŠโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุฌู€ู€ุฏุช ุตุฏูŠู‚ุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ุชุนุจู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญุธู€ู€ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู† ูุณู€ู€ุชุงู†ู‡ุง ุจู€ู€ู‡ ุจู‚ู€ู€ุน ุบุฑูŠุจู€ู€ุฉ ุญู…ู€ู€ุฑุงุกโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ูู€ู€ุฑุญ ูˆ ุญู…ู€ู€ุงุณโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุณู€ู€ุฃู„ุชู‡ุง ู…ู€ู€ุง ุณู€ู€ุจุจโ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจู‚ู€ู€ุนุ› ุธู†ู€ู€ุช ุจุณู€ู€ุฐุงุฌุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ููƒู€ู€ุฑุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุฌูŠู€ู€ุฏุฉ ู„ูƒุณู€ู€ุฑ ูƒุขุจู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆู† ุงู„ุฑู…ู€ู€ุงุฏูŠ ู„ู„ู€ู€ุฒูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณู€ู€ูŠ ูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ุชููƒู€ู€ุฑ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุถู€ู€ุน ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจู‚ู€ู€ุน ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ูƒุงู† ุขุฎู€ู€ุฑ ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุคุฎู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุฃู„ู† ุดู€ู€ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุบุฑูŠู€ู€ุจโ€ช .โ€ฌุตุฏูŠู‚ุชู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุจู€ู€ุฏุช ุญุฒูŠู†ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆููŠ ุฅุญุฑุงุฌ ุดู€ู€ุฏูŠุฏ ุดู€ู€ุฑุญุชโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูƒุจู€ู€ุฑุช ูˆุฃู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจู‚ู€ู€ุน ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุฏู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู€ู€ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ู‡ุฑูŠุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌู„ู€ู€ู… ุชูƒู€ู€ู† ุชุนู€ู€ุฑู ุนู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ู‡ุฑูŠุฉ ุดู€ู€ูŠุฆุง ู‹โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุฃู†โ€ฌ

โ€ซุงุชุตู„ู€ู€ุช ุจุตุฏูŠู‚ุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ู„ุชุดู€ู€ูƒุฑู‡ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุณู€ู€ุฃู„ุชู‡ุง ู„ู€ู€ูˆ ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ุชุนู„ู€ู€ู… ู…ู€ู€ุงุฐุง ุณู€ู€ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฅุฐุงโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ุงู„ู€ู€ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ู‡ุฑูŠุฉ ุชุญู€ู€ุฏุซ ูู‚ู€ู€ุท ู„ู„ุฑุฌู€ู€ุงู„ ูˆู„ูŠู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุงุก โ€ช -โ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ู‚ู€ู€ุฑุฃุชโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู‚ุงู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุนู€ู€ู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู†ู€ู€ุฐ ูุชู€ู€ุฑุฉ ู‚ุตูŠู€ู€ุฑุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌุถุญูƒู€ู€ุช ุฒู…ูŠู„ุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุณู€ู€ุฎุฑูŠุฉ ูˆู‚ุงู„ู€ู€ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃู† ุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ุฑ ู„ู€ู€ู† ูŠุฎุชู„ู€ู€ู ูˆุฃู† ุงู„ุฑุฌู€ู€ุงู„ ุณู€ู€ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆู† ุฅุฎูู€ู€ุงุก ุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ุฑ ุจู‚ู€ู€ุฏุฑ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุณู€ู€ุชุทูŠุนูˆู†โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฑุฏุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ู€ู€ุง ู‚ุงุฆู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุฃู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุตุญูŠู€ู€ุญ ูˆู…ุณู€ู€ุชุญูŠู„ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุฏูˆุซโ€ช .โ€ฌู„ู€ู€ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฑุฌู€ู€ุงู„ ู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ู† ูŠุนุงู†ู€ู€ูˆู† ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู€ู€ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ู‡ุฑูŠุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ู„ุชุตุจู€ู€ุญ ู…ุญู€ู€ุท ุฅุนุฌู€ู€ุงุจ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู€ู€ุน ูˆูƒุงู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฑุฌู€ู€ุงู„ ู„ูŠุชุจุงู‡ูˆู†ู€ู€ุง ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุชููƒูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุฃุจู€ู€ุฏุง ุจุฅุฎูู€ู€ุงุก ุจู‚ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุฏู…ู€ู€ุงุก ู…ู€ู€ู† ูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ูƒุงู†โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ู„ุชุตุจู€ู€ุญ ุฅุซุจู€ู€ุงุช ุดู€ู€ู‡ุฑูŠ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุจุฐู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฌู€ู€ุงู„ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฌู‡ู€ู€ูˆุฏ ุฅู„ุจู‚ู€ู€ุงุก ุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑูŠุฉโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู‚ูˆุชู‡ู€ู€ู… ูˆุตู„ุชู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู†ู‚ุทุนู€ู€ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ู€ุฏู… ูƒุฑู…ู€ู€ุฒ ูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ุง ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุดู€ู€ุฌุงุน ูˆุซู€ู€ูˆุฑูŠโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ู„ุชุตุจู€ู€ุญ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ู‡ุฑูŠุฉ ุฅุซุจุงุช ู€ุง ู‹ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฑุฌู€ู€ุงู„ ูู‚ู€ู€ุท ู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุงุฏุฑูˆู† ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุฑุจ โ€ช-โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูุงู„ุฏู…ู€ู€ุงุก ุฌู€ู€ุฒุก ุฃุณุงุณู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุญูŠุงุชู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ู‡ุฑูŠุฉ ุจู…ุนู†ู€ู€ู‰ ุฃุฏู‚โ€ช .โ€ฌุถุญูƒู€ู€ูˆุงโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒุซูŠ ู€ุฑุง ู‹ ู„ู…ุฌู€ู€ุฑุฏ ุชุฎูŠู€ู€ู„ ุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ุฑ ุจุตู€ู€ูˆุฑุฉ ุฃุฏู‚โ€ช .โ€ฌุฃุบู„ู‚ู€ู€ุช ุงู„ู‡ุงุชู€ู€ูโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุธู„ู€ู€ุช ุชุญู€ู€ุงูˆู„ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ูƒู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุฅุธู‡ู€ู€ุงุฑ ุฏู…ุงุกู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ู† ุญูŠู€ู€ู† ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฃุฎู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุชููƒูŠู€ู€ุฑ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุตู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุถูŠู€ู€ู ุงู„ุดู€ู€ู‡ุฑูŠโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชูกูฅโ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงุจุฏุงุนูŠุฉโ€ฌ

โ€ซุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุญโ€ฌ โ€ซู…โ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู€ู… ูŠุน ุฑโ€ฌ

โ€ซุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซู„โ€ฌ โ€ซูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซู‚ุจโ€ฌ

โ€ซูƒโ€ฌ

โ€ซู†ู‡ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซูโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒโ€ฌ โ€ซุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซู‰โ€ฌ

โ€ซู„ุทุงู„ู…ู€ู€ุง ุฃุญุจุจู€ู€ุช ุงู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆู† ุงุฃู„ุญู…ู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู„ุฌุฑุฃุชู€ู€ู‡ ูˆ ู‚ูˆุชู€ู€ู‡ ูˆ ุทุงู‚ุงุชู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุชูุฌู€ู€ุฑุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ุทูู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุตุบูŠู€ู€ุฑุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ุชุทู„ู€ู€ุจ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ุนู€ู€ุจ ูˆุงุฅู„ูƒุณุณู€ู€ูˆุงุฑุงุช ุจุงู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆู† ุงุฃู„ุญู…ู€ู€ุฑโ€ช .โ€ฌูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ุชุญุชูู€ู€ุธ ุจู€ู€ูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ุง ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุฃุญู…ู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุญุชู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุบุฑูุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ูƒู‡ู€ู€ู ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฏุฑุฌู€ู€ุงุช ุงุฃู„ุญู…ู€ู€ุฑุ› ุญูˆุงุฆู€ู€ุท ุญู…ู€ู€ุฑุงุก ุจุงู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆู† ุงู„ูุงุชู€ู€ุญโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฏูˆุงู„ุจ ุฃุญู…ู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุญุชู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ู€ู€ุฑุขุฉ ู„ุทุฎู€ู€ุช ุจุนุถู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจุจู‚ู€ู€ุน ุญู…ู€ู€ุฑุงุก ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฃุญู…ู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ูุงู‡ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ุงุต ุจุฃู…ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌุฃู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃุตู€ู€ุฑุช ูู‚ู€ู€ุท ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุงู„ุญุชูู€ู€ุงุธ ุจู…ู€ู€ุงุกุงุช ุจูŠุถู€ู€ุงุก ู„ู„ุณู€ู€ุฑูŠุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู„ุชู€ู€ูˆุงุฒู† ุงู„ุญู…ู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฒุงุฆู€ู€ุฏุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ูƒู„ ุฃู†ุญู€ู€ุงุก ุงู„ุบุฑูู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ุงู„ูุชู€ู€ุงุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุชุญู€ู€ุจ ุงู„ุนูŠู€ู€ุฏโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู…ู†ู€ู€ุฐ ุณู€ู€ู† ุตุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุชุณู€ู€ุงุจู‚ ุฃุฎูŠู‡ู€ู€ุง ู„ุชุดู€ู€ู‡ุฏ ุฑุคูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุฐุจู€ู€ุญโ€ช .โ€ฌุชู„ุทู€ู€ุฎ ูŠุฏู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจุฏู…ู€ู€ุงุก ุงุฃู„ุถุญูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุชุฌู€ู€ุฑูŠ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฏุฑุฌ ุงู„ุนู…ู€ู€ุงุฑุฉ ุชุฏู‡ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุญูˆุงุฆู€ู€ุท ุจุงู„ุฏู…ู€ู€ุงุกโ€ช .โ€ฌู„ู€ู€ู… ุชูƒู€ู€ู† ุชุดู€ู€ุนุฑ ุจุงุงู„ุดู€ู€ู…ุฆุฒุงุฒโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุณู€ู€ุนุงุฏุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุบุงู…ู€ู€ุฑุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู†ู€ู€ุฏ ุฑุคูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆู† ุงุฃู„ุญู…ู€ู€ุฑ ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ุชุบุทู€ู€ูŠ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ูˆุญุดู€ู€ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฐุจู€ู€ุญ ูˆู…ู†ุธู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ู„ุญู€ู€ู… ุงู„ู†ูŠู€ู€ุฆโ€ช .โ€ฌู‡ู€ู€ู„ ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุชุธู€ู€ู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆู† ุงุฃู„ุญู…ู€ู€ุฑ ุณู€ู€ูŠุนุทูŠู‡ุง ู‚ู€ู€ูˆุฉ ุฎุงุฑู‚ู€ู€ุฉุŸ ุณู€ู€ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุทู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฉุŸ ุญูŠู€ู€ุงุฉ ู†ุงุฌุญู€ู€ุฉุŸ ู„ู€ู€ู… ุชูƒู€ู€ู† ุชุนู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู‚ุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃู† ุงุฃู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆุงู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูƒุงุฃู„ุดู€ู€ูŠุงุก ูˆุงุฃู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุงุตโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูƒูŠุงู†ู€ู€ุงุช ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุชุชุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุชุชุจู€ู€ุฏู„ ุจู…ู€ู€ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุชุบูŠูู‘ู€ู€ุฑ ุงุฃู„ุญู€ู€ูˆุงู„โ€ช .โ€ฌุฃุญุจู€ู€ุช ูˆุนุดู€ู€ู‚ุช ุงู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆู† ุงุฃู„ุญู…ู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ุชุจ ู€ุฏู‘ู„ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุงู„ ุจุนู€ู€ุฏ ุจุถู€ู€ุน ุณู€ู€ู†ูŠู†โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชูกูคโ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซู†ุชุจู€ู€ุน ู‡ู€ู€ุฑู… ู…ุงุฒู„ู€ู€ูˆุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุชุฑุชูŠู€ู€ุจ ุงุงู„ุญุชูŠุงุฌู€ู€ุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑูŠุฉ ู„ู†ุฌู€ู€ุฏ ุฃู† ุชู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงุงู„ุญุชูŠุงุฌู€ู€ุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ููŠุฒูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ุชู†ู€ู€ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุทุนู€ู€ุงู… ู‡ู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุฏู†ู€ู€ู‰ ุทุจู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู‡ู€ู€ุฑู… ูˆุฃุจุนุฏู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู€ู€ู† ู…ูู‡ู€ู€ูˆู… โ€œุชุญู‚ูŠู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐุงุชโ€โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ุงุฐุง ู„ู€ู€ูˆ ุชูƒูˆู†ู€ู€ุช ุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐุงุช ุฃูˆ ู‡ูู€ู€ ูุฏ ุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซุชูƒูˆูŠู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจุณู€ู€ุจุจ ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑู†ู€ู€ุง ู„ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงุงู„ุญุชูŠู€ู€ุงุฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฃู„ุฏู†ู€ู€ู‰โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจุณู€ู€ุจุจ ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑุงุชู†ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุชู†ู€ู€ุงูˆู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุทุนู€ู€ุงู…ุŸ ุฅู† ูƒู†ู€ู€ุช ู†ุจุงุชูŠู€ู€ุง ู‹ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุณู€ู€ูˆู ุชุนู„ู€ู€ู… ุฃู† ุชู†ุงูˆู„ู€ู€ูƒ ู„ู„ุทุนู€ู€ุงู… ู‡ู€ู€ูˆโ€ฌ โ€ซูุนู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ ูŠุฎุชุตู€ู€ุฑ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุฌู€ู€ุฑุฏ ุชู„ุจูŠุชู€ู€ูƒโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ุญุงุฌู€ู€ุฉ ููŠุฒูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ูŠุตุจู€ู€ุญ ู†ุธุงู…ู€ู€ูƒโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆู€ู€ูŠ ุฌู€ู€ุฒุก ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฐุงุชู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุฑูุถู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠู€ู€ุฑูˆู†โ€ช ..โ€ฌู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู€ู€ู ุฃู†ู€ู€ูƒ ุจู…ุฌู€ู€ุฑุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซุชูุถูŠู„ู€ู€ูƒ ู„ุทุจู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ูู€ู€ูˆู„ ุจุงู„ุฒูŠู€ู€ุช ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุงุฑ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุตูŠู†ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจู€ู€ุงุจ ูˆุงู„ูƒูุชู€ู€ุฉ ุณู€ู€ูˆู ุชุชุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ู†ุธู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูƒุงู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ู€ู€ุงู† ูŠุดู€ู€ูƒุงู„ู† ุฌู€ู€ุฒุกุง ุงู„โ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุชุฌู€ู€ุฒุฃ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุซู‚ุงูุชู†ู€ู€ุง ูƒู…ุตุฑูŠูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ุชูุถูŠู„ู€ู€ูƒ ู„ู€ู€ุฃูˆู„โ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุชุฑุชู€ู€ุจ ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡ ูˆุตู…ู€ู€ูƒ ุจุนู€ู€ุฏู… ูู‡ู€ู€ู… ุฃู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงุฃู„ุดู€ู€ูŠุงุก ู…ุซู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฏูŠู€ู€ู† ูˆุทุจูŠุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงุฅู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุงู† ูˆูู„ุณู€ู€ูุฉ ูˆุฌู€ู€ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฃู„ุฎู€ู€ุฑู‰โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุชุชู‡ู€ู€ู… ุจุฃู†ู€ู€ูƒ ู…ุฎุงู„ู€ู€ู ู„ู„ูุทู€ู€ุฑุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู‡ู€ู€ุง ููˆ ุฅู„ุชุจู€ู€ุงุนโ€ฌ โ€ซุญู…ูŠู€ู€ุงุช ุณู€ู€ุงุฏูŠุฉ ู„ูุดู€ู€ู„ ู…ุญุงูˆุงู„ุชู€ู€ูƒ ูู‚ู€ู€ุฏุงู† ุงู„ู€ู€ูˆุฒู† ุฃูˆ ุฒูˆุฌู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูุงุดู€ู€ู„ุฉ ู„ู€ู€ู† ุชู‚ู€ู€ุฏุฑ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุชู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงุญุชูŠุงุฌู€ู€ุงุช ุนุงุฆู„ุชู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃูˆ ุฐูƒู€ู€ุฑ ู…ูุชู‚ู€ู€ุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู„ุฑุฌูˆู„ู€ู€ุฉ ู„ุนู€ู€ุฏู… ุงู„ุชู‡ุงู…ู€ู€ู‡ ู„ู‚ุทุนู€ู€ุฉ ูุฎู€ู€ุฐ ุฃูˆ ุฑูŠู€ู€ุด ุถู€ู€ุฃู†โ€ช .โ€ฌู‡ู†ู€ู€ุง ู†ุณู€ู€ุฃู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู…ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุถุงูŠู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑูŠู€ู€ู† ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู†ุจุงุชูŠูŠู€ู€ู† ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุฏุŸโ€ฌ

โ€ซู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุชุซูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุธูˆุงู‡ู€ู€ุฑ ุงุงู„ุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุงุงู„ุณู€ู€ุชุบุฑุงุจ ู†ุธู€ู€ุฑุง ู‹ ู„ุทุจูŠุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงุฃู„ูƒู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู…ุนุธู€ู€ู… ุงุฃู„ุทุนู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุจุญุชู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู€ู€ุฎุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุซู‚ุงูุชู†ู€ู€ุง ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ู†ุจุงุชูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุณู€ู€ูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูู€ู€ูˆู„ ุฃู… ุงู„ุทุนู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฃู… ุงู„ุจุณู€ู€ุงุฑุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู… ุงู„ู…ู„ูˆุฎูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฃู… ุงุฃู„ูƒุซุฑู‡ู€ู€ู… ุฑู…ุฒูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู„ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑโ€ช:โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ูƒุดู€ู€ุฑูŠโ€ช .โ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ูˆุงู„ุนุฏูŠู€ู€ุฏ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู…ุทุงุนู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฌุฏูŠู€ู€ุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุฌู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชูุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุซู…ู€ู€ู† ู…ุซู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€œุฒูˆุจู€ู€ุงโ€ ูˆ โ€œูƒุงูŠู€ู€ุฑูˆ ูƒุชุดู€ู€ู†โ€ ุชุณู€ู€ ู‘ูˆู‚ ุฃุทุนู…ุชู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู†ุจุงุชูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุจุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง โ€œุฃูƒู„ ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑูŠ ุฃุตูŠู€ู€ู„โ€ ูˆุชุดู€ู€ูŠุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุจูŠู€ู€ู† ุงุฃู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑูŠ ูˆุงุฃู„ูƒู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุตุญู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฃู† ุงุงู„ุชุฌู€ู€ุงู‡ ุงู„ุฑุงุฆู€ู€ุฌ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€œุชุญุฏูŠู€ู€ุซโ€ ุงุฃู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑูŠ ูˆุฌุนู„ู€ู€ู‡ โ€œู…ู€ู€ูˆุฏุฑู†โ€โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุฑุชุจู€ู€ุท ุจู†ุจุงุชูŠุชู€ู€ู‡โ€ช .โ€ฌู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุจุงุฅู„ุถุงูู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฃู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฃู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุตูŠุงู…ู€ู€ูŠ ูŠุดู€ู€ูƒู„ ุฌู€ู€ุฒุก ู…ุชุฑุณู€ู€ุฎ ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุซู‚ุงูุชู†ู€ู€ุง ูˆูŠุฌุนู„ู†ู€ู€ุง ู…ุชุนุฑุถูŠู€ู€ู† ู„ู…ูู‡ู€ู€ูˆู… ุงู„โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€œููŠุฌุงู†ุณู€ู€ู…โ€ (ุงู„ุบู€ู€ุฐุงุก ุงู„ุฎุงู„ู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฌู…ูŠู€ู€ุนโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุดู€ู€ุชู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ูŠู€ู€ุฉ) ุฃูƒุซู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุดู€ู€ุนูˆุจโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฎู€ู€ุฑู‰โ€ช .โ€ฌู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ูŠุจู‚ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ู…ุชุนู†ู€ู€ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุนู€ู€ุฏู… ุชู‚ุจู„ู€ู€ู‡ ู„ุฑูู€ู€ุถ ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุงู„ู†ู€ู€ุงุณโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู„ุญู€ู€ูˆู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุนู€ู€ุฑู ุจ โ€œุงู„ูƒุงู„ุชุดู€ู€ุฑุงู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุฑูู€ู€ุชโ€โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฅุญู€ู€ุฏุงุซ ูุฌู€ู€ูˆุฉ ุจูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ูˆุฃูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู€ู€ุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑ ุชู‚ู€ู€ุฑุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู† ุชุฎุงู„ู€ู€ู ุฌู€ู€ุฒุก ู…ู€ู€ู† ุซู‚ุงูู€ู€ุฉ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆ ุชุฌุนู„ู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ โ€œุขุฎู€ู€ุฑโ€ ุงู„ุบุฑูŠู€ู€ุจโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซุฃุซู†ู€ู€ุงุก ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุฅู„ุชุจู€ู€ุงุน ุงู„ู†ุธู€ู€ุงู… ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุจุงุชู€ู€ูŠ ู„ูุถูˆู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุนู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุชูˆุงุตู„ู€ู€ุช ู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ูƒุซูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู† ู…ุชู‘ุจุนู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุจุงุชูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุฃุตุจุญู€ู€ุช ุฃู‡ุชู€ู€ู… ุจู…ุญุงุฏุซู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู†ุจุงุชูŠูŠู€ู€ู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฏุงุฆู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุฆู€ู€ูŠ ุจุนู€ู€ุฏ ุชุฌุงู‡ู„ู€ู€ูŠ ู„ู…ูˆู‚ูู‡ู€ู€ู… ุจุณู€ู€ุจุจ ุธู†ู€ู€ูŠ ูˆู‚ุชู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ู… ู…ุฎุชู„ู‘ูŠู€ู€ู† ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ูŠุกโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆุจุงู„ูุนู€ู€ู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุฃุฌู…ู€ู€ุน ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู€ู€ู… ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฃู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูƒุซู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุถุงูŠู‚ู‡ู€ู€ู… ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฑุฏูˆุฏ ูุนู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ู†ู€ู€ุงุณ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุฒุนู€ู€ู… ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑูŠู€ู€ู† ุฃู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงุงู„ุฎุชูŠู€ู€ุงุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซู†ุชูŠุฌู€ู€ุฉ ุฎู„ู€ู€ู„ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุณู€ู€ุงู…ุฉ ุชููƒูŠุฑู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ูุทู€ู€ุฑูŠโ€ช .โ€ฌู†ุญู€ู€ู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ู€ู€ุง ู…ูู‡ู€ู€ูˆู… ู…ุณู€ู€ุจู‚ ุนู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ูˆุงู„ุทุจูŠุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชุชู…ุญู€ู€ูˆุฑ ุญู€ู€ูˆู„ ุงุฅู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุงู† ูƒู…ุณู€ู€ุชู‡ู„ูƒ ุฃูˆู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุฃุชู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุญู€ู€ุฏ ู„ู…ุฎุงู„ูู€ู€ุฉ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูู‡ู€ู€ูˆู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูˆุถู€ู€ุน ุงุฅู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุงู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุณู€ู€ุงูˆุงุฉ ู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุฏุฌู€ู€ุงุฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงู„ุฏ ุฑุงููŠู€ู€ู„ ูˆุงู„ู†ู…ู€ู€ู„ ูƒู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุงุช ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุญู€ู€ู‚ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนูŠุดู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู†ุดู€ู€ุนุฑ ุจุงุฅู„ู‡ุงู†ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุจุงุฃู„ุฎู€ู€ุต ุฅุฐุง ุชุฏุงุฎู„ู€ู€ุช ู…ูุงู‡ูŠู€ู€ู… ุฏูŠู†ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุฒุนู…ู€ู€ูƒ ุฃู† ุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ุญู€ู€ูˆู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฎู€ู€ุงู ู…ุนุธู€ู€ู… ุงุฃู„ู†ุจูŠู€ู€ุงุก ูˆุงู„ู‚ุงู…ู€ู€ุงุช ูˆุนู„ู…ู€ู€ุงุก ู…ุนุธู€ู€ู… ุงุฃู„ุฏูŠู€ู€ุงู† ูุนู€ู€ู„ ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุฎุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฅุฏุงู†ุชู€ู€ูƒ ุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ุฑ ู…ุจู€ู€ุงุญ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู€ู€ู† ุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงุฃู„ุฏูŠู€ู€ุงู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃู…ู€ู€ุฑ ู…ุชูˆู‚ู€ู€ุน ุฃู† ูŠูุตุทุญู€ู€ุจโ€ฌ โ€ซุจุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุงู„ุญุณุงุณู€ู€ูŠุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจุงุฃู„ุฎู€ู€ุต ู„ู…ู€ู€ู† ูŠุธู€ู€ู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู€ู€ู† ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู…ุชุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุฃูˆ ู…ุชุฌู€ู€ุงูˆุจ ู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุชุทู„ุจู€ู€ุงุช ูˆุงุญุชูŠุงุฌู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ุนุตู€ู€ุฑ ูˆู…ู€ู€ู† ูŠุธู€ู€ู† ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ุง ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู…ุจู€ู€ุงุญ ูŠุตุจู€ู€ุญ ูู€ู€ุฑุถโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซุจู€ู€ุฏุฃุช ุจุญุซู€ู€ูŠ ุนู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู†ุจุงุชูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุฃู†ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุณู€ู€ุชุนุฌุงุจ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุฌู€ู€ุฏู„ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุงุฏ ูˆุงู„ุญุณุงุณู€ู€ูŠุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุชุฌู€ู€ุงู‡ ุฃู…ู€ู€ุฑ ุณู€ู€ุทุญูŠ ู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ุงุฎุชูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู†ู€ู€ุงุณโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุชู†ู€ู€ุงูˆู„ ุฃุทุนู…ุชู‡ู€ู€ู… ู„ูƒู†ู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุงุขู„ู† ุฃุฏุฑูƒโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู‡ู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุทุนู€ู€ุงู… ูˆ ู…ุฏู„ูˆุงู„ุชู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ุซู‚ุงููŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุจู€ู€ู„ ูˆุงู„ูู„ุณู€ู€ููŠุฉ ุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌุงู„ุฌู€ู€ุฏู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุจูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู†ุจุงุชูŠูŠู€ู€ู† ูˆุงู„ุงู„โ€ช-โ€ฌู†ุจุงุชูŠูŠู€ู€ู† ูŠุดู€ู€ุจู‡ ู…ูˆู‚ู€ู€ูโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู€ู€ุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุฌู€ู€ุฏูˆุง ุฃู†ูุณู€ู€ู‡ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุบุฑูู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงุญู€ู€ุฏุฉ ู…ู€ู€ุน ุฃุดู€ู€ูŠุงุก ุงุฎู€ู€ุฑู‰โ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงุฎุชู„ูู€ู€ูˆุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุนุงู…ู„ุชู‡ู€ู€ู… ู„ุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงุฃู„ุดู€ู€ูŠุงุกโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู€ู€ู„ ูŠุนุงู…ู„ู€ู€ูˆุง ุงุฃู„ุดู€ู€ูŠุงุก ูƒู…ุตู€ู€ุงุฏุฑ ุฃู„ู†ูุณู€ู€ู‡ู…โ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู… ูŠุนุงู…ู„ูˆู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ุนุงู…ู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุณู€ู€ูˆุงุกุŸ ุฃูŠ ุญู‚ู€ู€ูˆู‚โ€ฌ โ€ซุณู€ู€ูˆู ูŠุนุทูˆู‡ู€ู€ุง ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุฅู† ุฃุนุทูˆู‡ู€ู€ุง ุญู‚ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ู† ุงุฃู„ุตู€ู€ู„ุŸ ุงู„ุฌู€ู€ุฏู„ ุญุชู…ู€ู€ูŠ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุญุงู„ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฎุตูˆุตู€ู€ุง ุฃู† ู…ุนุธู€ู€ู… ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุณู€ู€ุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุชุงุฑูŠุฎู‡ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู€ู€ู„ ู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ู€ู€ุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุชูˆุงุฌู€ู€ุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ูุนู€ู€ู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุฃู†โ€ฌ โ€ซู†ุชูู€ู€ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู…ูู‡ู€ู€ูˆู… ู„ูŠู€ู€ุณ ูู‚ู€ู€ุท ุนู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุฑุญู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุงุขู„ุฎู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุธู„ู€ู€ูˆู… ู…ู€ู€ู† ู‚ุจู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุตู†ุงุนู€ู€ุงุช ุงุงู„ู†ุชู‡ุงุฒูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซู€ู€ุฉ ู„ู„ุญู€ู€ูˆู…โ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุง ู„ู„ุญูู€ู€ุงุธ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุตู€ู€ุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุญูŠู€ู€ุงุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ู†ุชู‡ูƒู€ู€ุฉ ูƒุงุฃู„ ุฑุงุถู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุถู€ู€ุฑุงุก ูˆุงู„ู…ู€ู€ุงุกโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ูƒุซู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุงุณู€ู€ุชู‡ุงู„ูƒู†ุง ู„ู„ุญู€ู€ูˆู…โ€ช .โ€ฌูˆูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู† ุงู„ ู†ุบู€ู€ุฑู‘ุจ ูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ู† ู‚ู€ู€ุฑุฑ ุฃู† ูŠูู‡ู€ู€ู… ุญูŠุงุชู€ู€ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุฃุฎุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุชู€ู€ู‡ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฃู† ุงู„ ู†ู‚ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุจุงู„ุชู…ูŠูŠู€ู€ุฒ ุชุฌู€ู€ุงู‡ ุงุขู„ุฎุฑูŠู€ู€ู† ู„ู…ุฌู€ู€ุฑุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ู… ู‚ู€ู€ุฑุฑูˆุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู† ุฑุบูŠู€ู€ู ุงู„ุทุนู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฃูุถู€ู€ู„ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุดู€ู€ุทูŠุฑุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุจูŠุฑุฌู€ู€ุฑโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซู„โ€ฌ โ€ซู„โ€ฌ โ€ซูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู„โ€ฌ โ€ซู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุณโ€ฌ

โ€ซูŠูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซู†โ€ฌ โ€ซูโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠู…โ€ฌ โ€ซู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุจูŠู„โ€ฌ

โ€ซุตุฑโ€ฌ

โ€ซุฃู†ู€ู€ูˆุงุน ุงุงู„ุชู‡ุงู…ู€ู€ุงุช ุงุฃู„ุฎู€ู€ุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชูˆุฌู‘ ู€ู€ู‡ ู„ู„ู†ุจุงุชูŠูŠู€ู€ู† ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุซู‚ุงููŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุทุจู€ู€ุนโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซูู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู†ู€ู€ุงุณ ู…ู€ู€ู† ูŠู‚ู€ู€ุงู„ ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ู… ูŠุจุญุซู€ู€ูˆู† ุนู€ู€ู† ุฌุงู†ู€ู€ุจ ู…ู…ูŠู€ู€ุฒ ูŠุถูŠููˆู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุงุชู‡ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูˆ ูŠุชุจุนู€ู€ูˆู† ู…ูˆุถู€ู€ุฉ ุฌุฏูŠู€ู€ุฏุฉ ุชุซู€ู€ุฑูŠ ุชู…ูŠู€ู€ุฒ ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุชู‡ู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูƒุงู„โ€ุฅูŠู…ู€ู€ูˆโ€ ูˆ โ€œุชู…ุจู„ู€ู€ุฑโ€ ูˆโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€œุฌุงุณู€ู€ุชู† ุจูŠุจู€ู€ุฑโ€โ€ช .โ€ฌุงุขู„ุฎู€ู€ุฑูˆู† ูŠุตู€ู€ุฏุฑูˆู† ุฃุญู€ู€ูƒุงู… ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุฅู„ู†ู€ู€ุงุซ ุงู„ู†ุจุงุชูŠู€ู€ุงุช ุจุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ู† ู„ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุณู€ู€ุชุทุนู† ุชู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุญุงุฌูŠู€ู€ุงุช ุฃุณู€ู€ุฑู‡ู† ูˆ ุฃุฒูˆุงุฌู‡ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ุณู€ู€ู…ุนุช ู…ู€ู€ู† ุณู€ู€ูŠุฏุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู†ุจุงุชูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ู„ุทุงู„ู…ู€ู€ุง ู‚ูˆุจู„ู€ู€ุช ุจุงู„ุฑูู€ู€ุถ ุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ุฏุนู€ู€ุช ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุฆู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุฃู‚ุงุฑุจู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุนุดู€ู€ุงุก ู…ู€ู€ู† ุทุจุฎู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌุฃู…ู€ู€ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฐูƒู€ู€ูˆุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุงู„ู†ุจุงุชูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุซู‚ุงููŠู€ู€ุง ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุชุตุจู€ู€ุญ ุชู‡ุฏูŠู€ู€ุฏุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ุฐูƒูˆุฑูŠุชู‡ู€ู€ู… ูˆุตูุงุชู‡ู€ู€ู… ูƒุฑุฌู€ู€ุงู„ ุฎุงุตู€ู€ุฉ ู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู†ุชุดู€ู€ุงุฑ ู…ุธู‡ู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุฑุฌู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ู€ู€ูˆู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุจุดู€ู€ูˆูŠ ู‚ุทู€ู€ุน ูƒุจูŠู€ู€ุฑุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุชูŠูƒ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุญูู€ู€ู„ โ€œุจุงุฑุจูƒูŠู€ู€ูˆโ€ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุบู€ู€ุฑุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุดู€ู€ูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฐุจูŠุญู€ู€ุฉ ูˆูŠู‚ุฏู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ู„ุนุงุฆู„ุชู€ู€ู‡ ุนู†ู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ุนู€ู€ุฑุจโ€ช .โ€ฌู‡ู†ู€ู€ุงูƒ ุนุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุซู‚ุงูุงุชู†ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุชุฑุจู€ู€ุท ุฐูƒูˆุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฌู€ู€ู„ ุจู‚ุฏุฑุชู€ู€ู‡ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงู…ู€ู€ู‡ ุฃู„ูŠ ุดู€ู€ูŠุก ูˆ ูƒู„ ุดู€ู€ูŠุก ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃู‚ู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู‚ู€ู€ุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนู€ู€ูŠ ุฃู† ุชูุถูŠู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ู†ุจุงุชูŠูŠู€ู€ู† ู„ู€ู€ู„ โ€œุณู€ู€ู„ุทุงุชโ€ ูˆุงุฃู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู€ู€ุฏ ุจุงู†ุชู‚ู€ู€ุงุกโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุนู†ุงูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูŠุดู€ู€ูƒู„ ุชู‡ุฏูŠู€ู€ุฏ ูƒุจูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ุฐูƒูˆุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุชุญู€ู€ุช ุดู€ู€ุนุงุฑ โ€œุงู†ู€ู€ุช ุฃุฌู…ู€ู€ุฏ ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซูƒู€ู€ุฏุฉโ€ ูƒู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠู‚ู€ู€ุงู„ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฅุนุงู„ู†ู€ู€ุงุช โ€œุจูŠุฑูŠู€ู€ู„ ู…ู€ู€ุงู†โ€ ุงู„ุญูƒูŠู…ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชูกูฃโ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซู…ุฌุชู…ุนโ€ฌ

โ€ซูƒโ€ฌ โ€ซู„โ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุน ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุฌโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุชุงุนู€ุจ ุงุจโ€ฌ

โ€ซู„ู†ุจุงุชูŠโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชูกูขโ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุชุณู€ู€ุฃู„ู†ูŠโ€ช :โ€ฌู„ู…ู€ู€ุงุฐุง ูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุฃู† ุชุญู€ู€ุจ ู†ูุณู€ู€ูƒ ู…ู‡ู…ู€ู€ุง ูˆุตู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุนุŸ ู„ู…ู€ู€ุงุฐุง ุฅู† ูƒู†ู€ู€ุช ุฃูŠู‹ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู€ู€ุคุงู„ุก ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุฑู‡ู€ู€ู… ูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุฃู† ุชุญู€ู€ุจ ู†ูุณู€ู€ูƒ ุฑุบู€ู€ู… ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ู€ูƒู„ ุงู„ ูŠุฑุงู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ุณู€ู€ุชุญู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ุญู€ู€ุจโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ ุญุชู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุจู€ู€ูˆู„ ุนู„ู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุถู€ู€ุถุŸ ู‡ู€ู€ู„ ุชุณู€ู€ุชุญู‚ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุจุŸ ู‡ู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุจ ุญู€ู€ู‚ ู„ู€ู€ูƒุŸ ุณุฃุณู€ู€ู„ูƒ ุฃู†ู€ู€ุงโ€ชโ€œ :โ€ฌู‡ู€ู€ู„ ูƒู†ู€ู€ุช ุณู€ู€ุชุฑูุถ ุงุงู„ู‘ุฎุฑูŠู€ู€ู† ุฅู† ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ูˆุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู€ู€ู† ู…ุซู„ู€ู€ูƒุŸโ€ ุฅู† ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ุงุฅู„ุฌุงุจู€ู€ุฉ ุจโ€ุงู„โ€ุ› ูุฃู†ู€ู€ุช ุชุธู„ู€ู€ู… ู†ูุณู€ู€ูƒ ุฃู„ู†ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ ุชุทุจู€ู€ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู€ู€ุง ู†ูู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ู…ุนูŠู€ู€ุงุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ุชุทุจู‚ู€ู€ู‡ ุนู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุงุงู„ู‘ุฎุฑูŠู€ู€ู†ุ› ุชุฑูู€ู€ุถ ู†ูุณู€ู€ูƒ ู„ุณู€ู€ุจุจโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู…ู€ู€ุง ูƒู†ู€ู€ุช ู„ุชุฑูู€ู€ุถ ุงุงู„ู‘ุฎุฑูŠู€ู€ู† ุจุณู€ู€ุจุจู‡โ€ช .โ€ฌุฃู…ู€ู€ุง ุฅู† ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฅู„ุฌุงุจู€ู€ุฉ ุจโ€ู†ุนู€ู€ู…โ€โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‡ู†ู€ู€ุง ูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชู†ุงู‚ู€ู€ุด ุจุนู…ู€ู€ู‚โ€ชโ€œ :โ€ฌู‡ู€ู€ู„ ุงุงู„ุฎุชู€ู€ุงู ูŠุฌุนู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ูู€ู€ุฑุฏ ู…ุณู€ู€ุชุญู‚ู‹ุง ู„ู„ุฑูู€ู€ุถ ุฃูˆโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ุณู€ู€ู„ุจู‡ ุญู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุจุŸโ€โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูƒู€ู€ุฑู‡ ุงู„ูˆุนู€ู€ุธโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃูƒู€ู€ุฑู‡ ุฃู† ุฃุญู€ู€ุฏุซ ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑูŠ ุนู€ู€ู† ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุฃู† ูŠูุนู„ู€ู€ูˆุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃูƒู€ู€ุฑู‡ ุงู„ุชุญู€ู€ุฏุซ ุฃู„ุญู€ู€ุฏ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุฃุฏู†ู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู†ู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆ ูŠุญุชู€ู€ุงุฌ ู…ู†ู€ู€ูŠ ู†ุตูŠุญู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌุฃู†ู€ู€ุง ู„ุณู€ู€ุช ุฃุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฃุญู€ู€ุฏโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃู†ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ุฑุฑุช ุจุฑูู€ู€ุถ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐุงุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูƒุฑุงู‡ูŠุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ู† ู‚ุจู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุจุณู€ู€ุจุจ ุถุบู€ู€ุท ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฃุนู€ู€ุฑู ูƒู€ู€ู… ูŠุตุนู€ู€ุจ ู‚ุจูˆู„ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุญุจู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุณู€ู€ุท ูƒุฑุงู‡ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู€ู€ุน ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู„ูƒู†ู†ู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุชุนู„ู…ู€ู€ุช ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฏุฑูˆุณโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูˆุฌู€ู€ุฏุช ุจุจุนุถู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงุฅู„ุฌุงุจู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุงุณู€ู€ุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุฃุดู€ู€ุงุฑูƒู‡ุง ู…ุนู€ู€ูƒโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซ ุนู„ู…ู€ู€ุช ุฃู† ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุจ ุญู€ู€ู‚ ู„ู€ู€ูƒู„ ุฅู†ุณู€ู€ุงู† ู„ู…ุฌู€ู€ุฑุฏ ูƒูˆู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุฅู†ุณู€ู€ุงู†ู‹ุง ุจุบู€ู€ุถ ุงู„ู†ุธู€ู€ุฑ ุนู€ู€ู† ุฃูŠ ุดู€ู€ูŠุกโ€ฌ โ€ซุง ู‘ุฎู€ู€ุฑโ€ช .โ€ฌูƒูŠุฑูƒุฌู€ู€ุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ููŠู„ุณู€ู€ูˆู ุงู„ู…ุณู€ู€ูŠุญูŠ ุชุญู€ู€ุฏุซ ุนู€ู€ู† ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุจ ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุดู€ู€ุฑูˆุท ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุณู€ู€ุชุญู‚ู‡ ูƒู„ ุฅู†ุณู€ู€ุงู† ูƒููƒู€ู€ุฑุฉ ู…ุณู€ู€ูŠุญูŠุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู† ูƒูŠุฑูƒุฌู€ู€ุงุฑุฏ ู…ุฎุทุฆู‹ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู† ู…ุตู€ู€ุฏุฑ ููƒุฑุชู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณู€ู€ูŠุญูŠุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ุงู„ููƒู€ู€ุฑุฉ ู†ูุณู€ู€ู‡ุง ุตุญูŠุญู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูƒู„ ุฅู†ุณู€ู€ุงู† ูŠุณู€ู€ุชุญู‚โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุญู€ู€ุจโ€ช .โ€ฌุฃู†ู€ู€ุช ุฅู†ุณู€ู€ุงู† ู„ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุชุณู€ู€ุชุญู‚ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุจโ€ช .โ€ฌู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ ูŠู…ู†ุญู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ุจุฃูƒู…ู„ู€ู€ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซุญู‚ู€ู€ูƒ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุจโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ุงู„ ุชุธู„ู€ู€ู… ู†ูุณู€ู€ูƒโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุชุญุฑู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ู† ุญู‚ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ูƒ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุญู€ู€ุจโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซ ูŠู…ูƒู€ู€ู† ุฃู† ุชุฌุงุฏู„ู†ู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุชู‚ู€ู€ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑ ู„ูŠุณู€ู€ูˆุง ู…ุชุณู€ู€ุงูˆูŠู† ู„ูŠุณู€ู€ุชุญู‚ูˆุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุจุ› ูุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑ ู…ุฌุฑู…ูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ ูŠุณู€ู€ุชุญู‚ูˆู† ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุณู€ู€ุชุญู‚ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุงู„ู‘ุฎู€ู€ุฑูˆู†โ€ช .โ€ฌู„ูƒู†ู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุณู€ู€ุฃุฑุฏ ุฃู† ู‚ูŠู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ ุนุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจู‡ูˆูŠุงุชู‡ู€ู€ู… ุฃูˆโ€ฌ โ€ซุจุฃูุนุงู„ู‡ู€ู€ู… ุญุชู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ุฌู€ู€ุฑุฏ ูƒูˆู†ู‡ู€ู€ู… ุจุดู€ุฑู‹ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงุญู€ู€ุฏุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงุฃู„ุณู€ู€ุจุงุจ ุงุฃู„ุณุงุณู€ู€ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุชุญู‚ุงู‚ู‡ู… ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ู€ู€ุง ู„ู„ุญู€ู€ุจโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุญุชู€ู€ูŠ ุฅู† ุฃุฌู€ู€ุฑู… ุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงุณู€ู€ุชุญู‚ูˆุง ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆุจู€ู€ุฉ ุนู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุฌุฑูŠู…ู€ู€ุฉ ู…ู€ู€ุงุ›โ€ฌ โ€ซูู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ ูŠุณู€ู€ุจู„ู‡ู… ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ู€ู€ู… ูƒุจุดู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ ูŠุณู€ู€ู„ุจู‡ู… ุญู‚ู‡ู€ู€ู… ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุญู€ู€ุจ ู„ู…ุฌู€ู€ุฑุฏ ูƒูˆู†ู‡ู€ู€ู… ุจุดู€ู€ุฑู‹ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌุญุชู€ู€ูŠ ุฅู† ูƒู†ู€ู€ุช ุชู€ู€ุฑูŠ ู†ูุณู€ู€ูƒ ุงุซู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูˆ ุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุฌู€ู€ุฑู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ ูŠุนุทูŠู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ู‚ ู„ุชุณู€ู€ู„ุจ ู†ูุณู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุจโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุงุฅู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุงู†ูŠุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู…ู€ู€ุง ุจุงู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุฅู† ู„ู€ู€ู… ุชูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ุฃุตู€ู€ุงู‹ ู…ุฌุฑู…ู‹ู€ู€ุง ุจู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุฌู€ู€ุฑุฏ ู…ุฎุชู„ู€ู€ู โ€“ ูˆูู‚ู€ู€ุง ู„ู…ุนุงูŠูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน โ€ช -โ€ฌูˆูŠุฑูู€ู€ุถ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ฌ โ€ซู‚ุจู€ู€ูˆู„ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงุงู„ุฎุชู€ู€ุงูโ€ช .โ€ฌุงุงู„ุฎุชู€ู€ุงู ู…ู‡ู…ู€ู€ุง ูƒุงู† ุญุฌู…ู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ ูŠู…ูƒู€ู€ู† ุฃู†โ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุจู€ู€ุฑุฑ ุณู€ู€ู„ุจ ุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑ ุญู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุจโ€ช .โ€ฌุงุงู„ุฎุชู€ู€ุงู ุญุชู€ู€ูŠ ู„ู€ู€ูˆ ุญู€ู€ูˆู„ ุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑ โ€œุณู€ู€ูŠุฆูŠู†โ€ โ€ช-โ€ฌูˆู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุฃู…ู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ ุฃุคู…ู€ู€ู† ุจู€ู€ู‡โ€ช-โ€ฌุ› ูุฅู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ ูŠู†ุชู€ู€ุฒุน ู…ู†ู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุตูู€ู€ุฉ โ€œุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑูŠุฉโ€ชโ€.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซ ู‡ู€ู€ู„ ูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠูุนู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ู…ุนูŠู€ู€ุงุฑ ู„ู„ุญู€ู€ู‚ุŸ ู‡ู€ู€ู„ ูŠูุชู€ู€ุฑุถโ€ฌ โ€ซุจู€ู€ูƒ ุฃู† ุชูุนู€ู€ู„ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠูุนู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ู„ู…ุฌู€ู€ุฑุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ูŠูุนู„ู€ู€ู‡ุŸโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู€ู€ุฉ ุจุดู€ู€ุฑ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูŠุฎุทู€ู€ุคูˆู† ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูŠุตูŠุจู€ู€ูˆู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ูŠุณู€ู€ูˆุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุตู€ู€ุฏ ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุทู„ู‚ู‹ู€ู€ุง ุฃู„ูŠ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุญู€ู€ู‚โ€ช .โ€ฌุฅู† ุฑูุถู€ู€ูƒ ุฃูˆ ูƒุฑู‡ู€ู€ูƒ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุทู€ู€ุฑูโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ ูŠุฌุนู€ู€ู„ ุฑูุถู€ู€ูƒ ุญู‚ู‹ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌุงู„ ูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุณู€ู€ูŠุฑ ุนู„ู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู€ู€ูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ุฃูˆ ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑุงุชู€ู€ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุฃูุนุงู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุฃูˆ ู…ุดู€ู€ุงุนุฑู‡โ€ช .โ€ฌุฑูู€ู€ุถ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ูˆโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒุฑุงู‡ูŠุชู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ ูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ู€ู€ุง ู…ุตู€ู€ุฏ ุฑู‹ุง ู„ุฑูุถู€ู€ูƒ ุฃูˆ ูƒุฑุงู‡ูŠุชู€ู€ูƒ ู„ู†ูุณู€ู€ูƒโ€ช .โ€ฌุชุฐูƒู€ู€ุฑโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ู„ูŠู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ู‚โ€ช .โ€ฌุฅู† ูƒุฑู‡ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ูƒู„ู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุณู€ู€ูŠุจู‚ูŠ ุญู‚ู€ู€ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุญู€ู€ุจโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุณู€ู€ูŠุจู‚ูŠ ุญู€ู€ู‚ ู†ูุณู€ู€ูƒ ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุญุจู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู€ู€ู„ ุญู€ู€ุจ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐุงุช ูŠุนู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุงู„ ุชุณู€ู€ู…ุญ ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃู† ุชุชุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุฃุจู€ู€ุฏุงุŸ ุนู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุงุฅู„ุทู€ู€ุงู‚ุ›โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุฐุงุชู†ู€ู€ุง ุชุชุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃูˆู‚ู€ู€ุงุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุธู€ู€ุฑูˆู ู…ุฎุชู„ูู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุญูŠุงุชู†ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ุชุชุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ูŠุฌู€ู€ุจโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู† ู†ุชู‚ุจู„ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู†ุญุจู‡ู€ู€ุง ุญุชู€ู€ูŠ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุชุบูŠุฑู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌู…ู€ู€ู† ู†ุญุจู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ ูŠุซุจุชู€ู€ูˆู† ุฃุจู€ู€ุฏู‹ุง ุจู€ู€ู„ ูŠุชุบูŠู€ู€ุฑูˆู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุจุงุณู€ู€ุชู…ุฑุงุฑุ› ุฃู„ู†ู‡ู€ู€ู… ุจุดู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑ ู…ุชุบูŠู€ู€ุฑูˆู†โ€ช .โ€ฌู†ุญู€ู€ู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ู€ู€ุง ุจุดู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ู†ุชุบูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุฃู†โ€ฌ โ€ซู†ุญู€ู€ุจ ุฃู†ูุณู€ู€ู†ุง ู…ู‡ู…ู€ู€ุง ุชุบูŠู€ู€ุฑุชโ€ช .โ€ฌุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ู€ู€ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ู€ู€ุง ุฃู† ู†ุณู€ู€ุงุนุฏู‡ุง ุญุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชุตูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุฃูุถู€ู€ู„โ€ช -โ€ฌุฅู† ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃูŠุฏูŠู†ู€ู€ุงโ€ช-โ€ฌุ› ูƒู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ ุชุธู„ู…ู†ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ ุชุธู„ู€ู€ู… ุฃุญู€ุฏู‹ุง ุณู€ู€ูˆุงู†ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงุฃู„ุญู€ู€ูˆุงู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูƒู„ ุงุฃู„ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุงุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูƒู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุธู€ู€ุฑูˆูโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูƒู„ ุงู„ุตู€ู€ูˆุฑ ูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุฃู† ู†ุธู€ู€ู„ ู†ุญุจู‡ู€ู€ุงุ› ุฃู„ู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ูƒู„ ุตู€ู€ูˆุฑุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู†ูู€ู€ุณ ุฅู†ุณู€ู€ุงู†โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชูกูกโ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซู…ุฌุชู…ุนโ€ฌ

โ€ซู„โ€ฌ โ€ซู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุฐโ€ฌ โ€ซุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุญุจ ู†ู ุจโ€ฌ โ€ซุณโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆโ€ฌ โ€ซู€โ€ฌ โ€ซุตโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒโ€ฌ โ€ซู…โ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุช ู…ู‡ู…ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุนุŸโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุณุฑุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุญโ€ฌ โ€ซู…โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆโ€ฌ โ€ซุฏุฉโ€ฌ

โ€ซุฎู€ู€ุงู„ ุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠูŠู€ู€ู† ู…ู€ู€ู† ุญูŠุงุชู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ุฑุฑุช ุจุตุฑุงุนู€ู€ุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุฉ ูƒุซูŠู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุชุนู„ู…ู€ู€ุช ุฎุงู„ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู€ู€ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุนู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุตุฑุงุนุงุชู‡ู€ู€ู… ู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆุฃุญู€ู€ุฏ ุฃู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ู€ู€ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุชุนู„ู…ุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃู† ูˆุงุญ ู€ุฏู‹ุง ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฃุดู€ู€ุฑุณ ุงู„ุตุฑุงุนู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุดู€ู€ุชุฑูƒุฉ ุจูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุจุดู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุจุงุฎุชู€ู€ุงู ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุชู‡ู€ู€ู… ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุตู€ู€ุฑุงุน ู‚ุจู€ู€ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐุงุช ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุฑูุถู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุตู€ู€ุฑุงุน ุฃูƒุซู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู† ูŠู…ู€ู€ุฑูˆู† ุจู€ู€ู‡ ู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงุฃู„ู‚ู„ูŠู€ู€ุงุชโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ุชูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฅุญู€ู€ุฏู‰ ุงุฃู„ู‚ู„ูŠู€ู€ุงุช ุจุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน (ุฎุงุตู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฃู„ู‚ู„ูŠู€ู€ุงุช ุงุฃู„ูƒุซู€ู€ุฑ ุฑูุถู‹ู€ู€ุง ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠู‹ู€ู€ุง ูƒุงู„ู…ู„ุญุฏูŠู€ู€ู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฏูˆู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุฏุนูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู„ู„ุชุฏูŠู€ู€ู†)โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุชุนุงู†ู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุตุฑุงุนู€ู€ุงุช ูƒุซูŠู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุฏุงุฆู…ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู…ุซู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุตู€ู€ุฑุงุน ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุตู€ู€ุฑุงุน ุชุญู€ู€ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุตู€ู€ุฑุงุนโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุณู€ู€ุชุฌุฏุงุก ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุจโ€ช -โ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ูˆุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ู‚ุจู€ู€ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ช -โ€ฌุงู„ุฎุชุงู„ูู€ู€ูƒโ€ช .โ€ฌุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุชุตู€ู€ู„ ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุชุญู€ู€ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฅุนู€ู€ุงู† ู„ู„ู‡ูˆูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฑุบุจู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ู€ู€ุฑุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ุจู€ู€ุฃูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ู€ู€ุง ูŠุญู€ู€ุฏุซ ุงู„ุนูƒู€ู€ุณโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุชุญู€ู€ุงูˆู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฑุชู€ู€ุฏุงุก ู‚ู†ู€ู€ุงุน ุงุฃู„ุบู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุญุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชู†ู€ู€ุงู„ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุจ ุฃูˆ ุญุชู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุฏู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุฏุฑุฌู€ู€ุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู‚ุจู€ู€ูˆู„โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ูŠุญู€ู€ุฏุซ ู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑูŠู€ู€ู† ู…ู€ู€ู† ู…ุฎุชู„ู€ู€ู ุงุฃู„ู‚ู„ูŠู€ู€ุงุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ุฌู…ุงุนู€ู€ุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุถุทู‡ู€ู€ุฏุฉุ› ูŠุญู€ู€ุฏุซ ู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ู…ุชุญูˆู„ูŠู€ู€ู† ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู€ู€ู† ูˆุงู„ู…ู„ุญุฏูŠู€ู€ู† ูˆุฃุตุญู€ู€ุงุจโ€ฌ โ€ซุฏูŠุงู†ู€ู€ุฉ ุงุฃู„ู‚ู„ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฏุนูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู„ู„ุชุฏูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู€ู€ูˆู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฌู†ุณู€ู€ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌู†ุฏุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชุฏุนู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ู…ุทู„ู‚ู€ู€ุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงู„ุนุงุฒุจู€ู€ุงุช ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงุฃู„ู‚ู„ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑู‚ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ู…ุนุงู‚ูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุงุกโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุทุจู‚ู€ู€ุงุช ุงุฃู„ูƒุซู€ู€ุฑ ูู‚ ู€ุฑู‹ุงโ€ช ...โ€ฌุฅู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุงุฎู€ู€ุฑู‡โ€ช .โ€ฌูƒู„ ู‡ู€ู€ุคุงู„ุก ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูŠุฌู€ู€ุฏูˆู† ุฃู†ูุณู€ู€ู‡ู… ู…ุถุทุฑูŠู€ู€ู† ุฅู„ู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุชู…ู€ู€ุฑุฏโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ุซู€ู€ูˆุฑุฉ ุนู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ุฃูˆ ุงุงู„ู†ุตูŠู€ู€ุงุน ู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงุฑุชู€ู€ุฏุงุก ุงุฃู„ู‚ู†ุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชุฑุถูŠู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุชุฌุนู„ู€ู€ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซู€ูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฎูŠู€ู€ุงุฑ ุงู„ุชู…ู€ู€ุฑุฏ ูˆุงู„ุซู€ู€ูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงุงู„ู†ุตูŠู€ู€ุงุน ูˆโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุญู€ู€ู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ู€ู€ู… ุจุงู„ู‚ุจู€ู€ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุดู€ู€ุฑูˆุทโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุจโ€ช .โ€ฌุณู€ ู‹โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฑุชู€ู€ุฏุงุก ุฃู‚ู†ุนู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู€ู€ูŠ ูƒู„ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุงุงู„ุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูŠูˆุงุฌู€ู€ู‡ ุงุฃู„ู ู€ุฑุงุฏ ุตุฑุง ู‹ุนู€ู€ุง ุฃุนู…ู€ู€ู‚ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุต ู€ุฑุงุน ู‚ุจู€ู€ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐุงุชโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุญุจู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒูŠู€ู€ู ุชู‚ุจู€ู€ู„ ู…ุชุญูˆู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุฌู†ุณู€ู€ูŠุฉ ู†ูุณู€ู€ู‡ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ูŠุฑูุถู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูŠุณู€ู€ุฎุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุญุณู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ูู€ู€ุฑูˆุถ ูŠุฑุงู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ุฑูŠุถู€ู€ุฉ ู†ูุณู€ู€ูŠุง ุชุญุชู€ู€ุงุฌ ุงู„ุนู€ู€ุงุฌุŸ ูƒูŠู€ู€ู ูŠู‚ุจู€ู€ู„ ู…ุณู€ู€ูŠุญูŠ ู†ูุณู€ู€ู‡ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน โ€œู…ุณู€ู€ู„ู…โ€โ€ฌ โ€ซู€ุฏุกุง ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณู€ู€ุฉ ู„ู„ุชุฎูˆูŠู€ู€ู ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุฌุญูŠู€ู€ู…ุ› ุฃู„ู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู„ูŠู€ู€ุณ ู…ุณู€ู€ู„ู…ู‹ุงุŸโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุชุนู€ู€ุฑุถ ููŠู€ู€ู‡ ูู€ู€ูŠ ูƒุซูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงุฃู„ู…ุงูƒู€ู€ู† ุจู€ ู‹โ€ฌ โ€ซูƒูŠู€ู€ู ุชู‚ุจู€ู€ู„ ู…ุนุงู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ู†ูุณู€ู€ู‡ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ูŠุฑุงู‡ู€ู€ุง ุนุงู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุนู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุชุณู€ู€ุจุจ ุงู„ุชุนู€ู€ุจ ู„ู€ู€ูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุญูˆู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฅู†โ€ฌ โ€ซูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุทู…ู€ู€ูˆุญุŸ ูƒูŠู€ู€ู ูŠู‚ุจู€ู€ู„ ุดู€ู€ุงุจ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุทุจู‚ู€ู€ุงุช ุงุฃู„ูƒุซู€ู€ุฑ ูู‚ ู€ุฑู‹ุง ู†ูุณู€ู€ู‡ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ูŠู‚ู€ู€ูˆู„ ู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุฃู† ู‚ูŠู…ุชู€ู€ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซูƒุฅู†ุณู€ู€ุงู† ูŠุญุฏุฏู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠู…ู„ูƒู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฃู† ุญูŠู€ู€ุงุฉ ุฃู…ุซุงู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ ุชุณู€ู€ุงูˆูŠ ุดู€ู€ูŠุฆู‹ุง ุฃู„ุญู€ู€ุฏุŸ ูƒู„ ู‡ู€ู€ุคุงู„ุก ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ู€ู€ู… ูŠุนุฑูู€ู€ูˆู† ู…ุนู†ู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุตู€ู€ุฑุงุน ุชู‚ุจู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐุงุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุญุจู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุจุนุถู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ ูŠุตู„ู€ู€ูˆู† ู„ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุจ ู‚ู€ู€ุทโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

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โ€ซุณู€ู€ูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุฆู€ู€ุจ ูŠู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ุฐูƒู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณู€ู€ู„ู… ุงู„ู…ุบุงูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุฌู†ู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชู…ู€ู€ูŠ ู„ู„ุทุจู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุณู€ู€ุทู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชูุนู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠู€ู€ู ุจุงู„ุทุจู€ู€ุนโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุดู€ู€ุนุฑ ุจุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ุงู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ุจู„ุฏู†ู€ู€ุง ูˆู…ุฌุชู…ุนู†ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู…ุณู€ู€ู„ู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู…ูŠุณู€ู€ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุงู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงู„ ูŠุชุนู€ู€ุฑุถ ู„ู„ุชุญู€ู€ุฑุด ุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠู…ุดู€ู€ูŠ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุงุฑุนโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุณู€ู€ูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุฆู€ู€ุจ ุงู„ ูŠุนุงู†ู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฎุทู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุชู‡ุฌูŠู€ู€ุฑ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ูˆุทู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู…ู€ู€ุง ุญุฏุซู€ู€ุช ุฃุฒู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุทุงุฆููŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู…ุณู€ู€ู„ู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ ูŠุนุงู†ู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงุงู„ุนุชู‚ู€ู€ุงู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุนุฐูŠู€ู€ุจ ุฃู„ู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู…ุคูŠู€ู€ุฏ ู„ู„ู†ุธู€ู€ุงู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ ูŠุนุงู†ู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ู† ู‡ุงุฌู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุฌู† ูˆุงู„ูˆุตู€ู€ู… ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู€ู€ูŠ ุจุณู€ู€ุจุจ ู…ูŠูˆู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณู€ู€ูŠุฉ ุฃู„ู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู…ุบุงูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฌู†ู€ู€ุณโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุง ู‹ ุงู„ ูŠุนุงู†ู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ูˆุตู€ู€ู… ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู€ู€ูŠ ุฃู„ู†ู€ู€ู‡ ูŠูˆุงูู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ุฌู†ู€ู€ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฐูƒู€ู€ูˆุฑูŠ ูˆุงู„ ูŠุนุชู€ู€ุฑุถ ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูƒู…ู€ู€ุง ุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ ูŠุนุงู†ู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฌู€ู€ูˆุน ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุธู„ู€ู€ู… ูู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู„ุฏูŠู€ู€ู‡ ุฃู‚ุงุฑุจู€ู€ู‡ ูˆู…ุนุงุฑูู€ู€ู‡ ูˆู…ุงู„ู€ู€ู‡โ€ช .โ€ฌู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ ูŠุนู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃู† ุณู€ู€ูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุฆู€ู€ุจ ูˆุฃู…ุซุงู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุจุงู„ุถู€ู€ุฑูˆุฑุฉ ูŠู…ุงุฑุณู€ู€ูˆู† ุงู„ุธู„ู€ู€ู… ูˆุงู„ู‚ู‡ู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู€ู€ู† ูˆุนู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ุจู€ู€ุฑูŠุก ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฐุงุชู€ู€ู‡ ูŠุนุทู€ู€ูŠ ุดู€ู€ุฑุนูŠุฉ ู„ู…ู€ู€ู† ูŠู…ู€ู€ุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุธู„ู€ู€ู… ูˆุงู„ู‚ู‡ู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู€ู€ุน ุนู€ู€ู† ูˆุนู€ู€ูŠโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ู€ู€ู ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ู„ู€ู€ู† ูŠู…ู€ู€ุฑ ุจู‡ู€ู€ุง ุณู€ู€ูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุฆู€ู€ุจ ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃู† ูŠูƒุชู€ู€ุจ ู…ู‚ุงู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุจุนู†ู€ู€ูˆุงู† โ€œุฃู† ุชูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ู…ุซู„ูŠู‹ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุจู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆูโ€ ุฃูˆ ุฃู†โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุงู„ุญู‚ู€ู€ู‡ ุฃุญู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ู†ู€ู€ูˆุงุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูŠูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฑูุงุก ู„ูƒุชุงุจู€ู€ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู†ุดู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู‚ู€ู€ุงู„ ู…ุดู€ู€ุงุจู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃูˆ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุจู€ู€ุถ ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡ ูˆู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุฌุงู„ู€ู€ุณ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ู‡ู€ู€ูˆุฉ ูŠุดู€ู€ุฑุจโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุดู€ู€ุงูŠ ูˆูŠู„ุนู€ู€ุจ ุทุงูˆู„ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃูˆ ุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุจู€ู€ุถ ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡ ูˆู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ูŠู…ู€ู€ุงุฑุณ ุญู€ู€ู‚ ุฏุณู€ู€ุชูˆุฑูŠ ูŠุณู€ู€ู…ู‰ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ู‚ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุชุธุงู‡ู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃูˆ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุจู€ู€ุถโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡ ูˆู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ูŠุบุทู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุญู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุธุงู‡ ู€ุฑุงุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃูˆ ุฃู† ูŠุนุชู€ู€ุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡ ุฃู…ูŠู€ู€ู† ุดู€ู€ุฑุทุฉ ูˆู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ูŠู…ู€ู€ุงุฑุณ ุนู…ู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ุณุชุดู€ู€ูู‰โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃูˆ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุชู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุถุงุจู€ู€ุทโ€ฌ โ€ซุดู€ู€ุฑุทุฉ ูˆู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ูˆู‚ู€ู€ู ุงุงู„ุชูˆุจูŠุณู€ู€ุงุช ูŠู…ู€ู€ุงุฑุณ ุนู…ู„ู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃูˆ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุชู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุฃู…ูŠู€ู€ู† ุดู€ู€ุฑุทุฉ ุขุฎู€ู€ุฑ ู„ุทู„ุจู€ู€ู‡ ุซู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุงูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃูˆ ูˆู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ูŠู…ู€ู€ุงุฑุณ ุญู€ู€ู‚โ€ฌ โ€ซุฏุณู€ู€ุชูˆุฑูŠ ุขุฎู€ู€ุฑ ุงุณู€ู€ู…ู‡ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ู‚ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุงุฅู„ุจู€ู€ุฏุงุนุ› ูู„ู€ู€ู† ูŠุญูƒู€ู€ู… ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡ ุญูƒู€ู€ู… ุธุงู„ู…ู€ู€ูŠ ู„ูƒุชุงุจุชู€ู€ู‡ ุฑูˆุงูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุชุญุชู€ู€ูˆูŠ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุญุชู€ู€ูˆู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุญู…ูŠู…ู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูƒู…ู€ู€ุง ุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุฃูŠุถ ู€ุง ู‹ ู„ู€ู€ู† ูŠุญุจู€ู€ุณ ู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌู€ู€ู‡ ุนู€ู€ู† ู…ู†ู‡ู€ู€ุฌ ุงุฃู„ุฒู‡ู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู„ูŠุฃุฎู€ู€ุฐ โ€ช 3โ€ฌุณู€ู€ู†ูˆุงุช ุณู€ู€ุฌู† ู„ู†ู‚ู€ู€ุฏู‡ ู„ู„ุจุฎู€ู€ุงุฑูŠโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุง ู„ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุญูƒู€ู€ู… ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ู‡ ุจุชูุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ู‡ ุนู€ู€ู† ุฒูˆุฌุชู€ู€ู‡ ุฃู„ู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู†ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ุฎุทู€ู€ุงุจ ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ู€ู€ูŠ ูˆูƒุชู€ู€ุจ ุฑุณู€ู€ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชู€ู€ูˆุฑุงู‡ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู†ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุงูุนูŠ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุณู€ู€ู†ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุจู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆูโ€ช .โ€ฌุฅู†โ€ฌ โ€ซูุฃุฎูŠู€ู€ุฑุง ู‹ ุฏุนูˆู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุฐูƒุฑูƒู€ู€ู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฅู† ูƒู†ู€ู€ุช ูู‚ูŠู€ู€ุฑู‹ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุจู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆูโ€ช .โ€ฌุฅู† ูƒู†ู€ู€ุช ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู…ุณู€ู€ู„ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซู‹โ€ฌ โ€ซูƒู†ู€ู€ุช ู…ุซู„ูŠู‹ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุจู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆูโ€ช .โ€ฌุฅู† ูƒู†ู€ู€ุช ุงู… ู€ุฑุฃุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุจู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆูโ€ช .โ€ฌุฅู† ูƒู†ู€ู€ุช ู…ุจุฏุน ู€ุง ู‹โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุจู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆูโ€ช .โ€ฌุฅู† ูƒู†ู€ู€ุช ู…ููƒ ู€ุฑู‹ุงโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุจู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆูโ€ช .โ€ฌุฅู† ูƒู†ู€ู€ุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู…ุนุงุฑ ู‹โ€ฌ โ€ซุถู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุจู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆูโ€ช .โ€ฌุฅู† ูƒู†ู€ู€ุช ู…ุฌู† ู€ุฏู‹ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุจู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆูโ€ช .โ€ฌุฅู† ูƒู†ู€ู€ุช ุดู€ู€ุงุจุง ู‹โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุจู€ู€ุงุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆู ูˆุงู„ุธู„ู€ู€ู…โ€ช .โ€ฌุฃู† ุชูƒู€ู€ูˆู†โ€ฆโ€ช .โ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุจู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆูโ€ช .โ€ฌุฅู† ูƒู†ู€ู€ุช ุณู€ู€ุชูƒูˆู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุณู€ู€ุชุฎุงู ุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุง ู‹โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุงู„ู…ุณู€ู€ุชู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฌู‡ู€ู€ูˆู„โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ูˆุญูŠู€ู€ุฏโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชูฉโ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซุฃโ€ฌ โ€ซู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุชโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆโ€ฌ โ€ซู†โ€ฌ โ€ซูโ€ฌ โ€ซุจุงู„ุฏ ุงู„ุฎ ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆูโ€ฌ โ€ซุจโ€ฌ

โ€ซู‚ู„ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุฆโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุณ ุงู„โ€ฌ

โ€ซุชุญุฑูŠุฑโ€ฌ

โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ูŠู€ู€ูˆู… ู…ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ู† ุดู€ู€ู‡ุฑ ุฃุจุฑูŠู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ู…ุงุถู€ู€ูŠ ุฑูู€ู€ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุฆู€ู€ุจ ุนู€ู€ู† ุญู€ู€ุฒุจ ุงู„ูˆูู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ุงู„ู…ุคุงุฎู€ู€ุฐุฉ โ€œุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ู€ู€ูŠโ€ ุญุณู€ู€ูŠู† ุบูŠุชู€ู€ู‡ ุจูŠุงู†ู€ู€ุง ู‹โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุนุงุฌู€ุงู‹ ู„ุฑุฆูŠู€ู€ุณ ู…ุฌู„ู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุนุจ ู…ุณู€ู€ุชู†ูƒุฑุง ู‹ ู…ู‚ู€ู€ุงุงู„ู‹ ู†ุดู€ู€ุฑ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุนู€ู€ุฏุฏ ู…ู€ู€ุงุฑุณ ุงุฃู„ุฎูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุชุญู€ู€ุช ุนู†ู€ู€ูˆุงู† โ€œุฃู† ุชูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ู…ุซู„ูŠู‹ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุจู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆูโ€โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู€ู€ู† ุฃุทู€ู€ูˆู„ ูƒุซูŠ ู€ุฑุง ู‹ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุญูŠุซูŠู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุงู† ูˆุงู„ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ู€ู€ุงุช ุณู€ู€ูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุฆู€ู€ุจ ุงู„ุงู„ู…ุคุงุฎู€ู€ุฐุฉ ูˆูู€ู€ุฏูŠ ุฃู„ู†ู€ู€ูŠ ู„ุณู€ู€ุช ุตุงุญู€ู€ุจ ุงู„ู…ู‚ู€ู€ุงู„โ€ช .โ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุถุญู€ู€ูƒ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถู€ู€ูˆุน ุฃู† ุจู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆู ุงุฒุนุฌู€ู€ุช ุงู„ู†ุงุฆู€ู€ุจ ูƒุซูŠ ู€ุฑุง ู‹โ€ช .โ€ฌูƒูŠู€ู€ู ุชุฌ ู€ุฑุฃ ุฃุญู€ู€ุฏ ุจุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ูˆู„ ุฃู† ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ุจู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆูุŸ ูƒูŠู€ู€ู ุชุฌุฑุฃู†ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุณู€ู€ู…ุญู†ุง ุจู€ู€ุฃู† ู†ู†ุดู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู‚ู€ู€ุงุงู„ู‹ ู„ูŠู€ู€ุณ ุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฐุงุชู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ู…ู‚ู€ู€ุงุงู„ู‹ ูŠุชู†ู€ู€ุงูˆู„ ุญูŠู€ู€ุงุฉ ุฅู†ุณู€ู€ุงู† ู…ุซู„ู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุดู€ู€ุนูˆุฑู‡ ุจุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆู ูˆุนู€ู€ุฏู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ุงู† ูˆุงู„ู‚ู‡ู€ู€ุฑ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจู€ู€ุงุฏุŸ ูˆู„ู€ู€ุฐูƒ ูˆุฃู„ู†ู†ู€ู€ุง ุชุฌุฑุฃู†ู€ู€ุง ูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ู€ู€ุง ุฃู† ู†ู„ู‚ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุตูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุขุฎุฑูŠู€ู€ู† ุชุฌู€ุฑุฃูˆุง ู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ุฅุณู€ู€ุงู… ุงู„ุจุญูŠู€ู€ุฑูŠ ูˆูุงุทู…ู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู†ุงุนู€ู€ูˆุช โ€ช -โ€ฌุงู„ุฌุฏูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุจุงู„ุฐูƒู€ู€ุฑ ุฃู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ู€ู€ุฉ ุนู‚ุฏู‡ู€ู€ุง ุณู€ู€ูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุฆู€ู€ุจ ูˆู„ูŠู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ูƒุงุชู€ู€ุจ ู‡ู†ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌุงู„ู…ุถุญู€ู€ูƒ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุฆู€ู€ุจ ูŠุชุนุฌู€ู€ุจ ู…ู€ู€ู† ูˆุตูู†ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ุจุจู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆู ูˆูู€ู€ูŠ ู†ูู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุช ูŠุทุงู„ู€ู€ุจ ุจู…ุญุงุณู€ู€ุจุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ูƒุชู€ู€ุจ ูˆู†ุดู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู‚ุงู„ู€ู€ุฉ ูู‚ู€ู€ุท ุฃู„ู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุชุชู†ู€ู€ุงูˆู„ ู…ุฎู€ู€ุงูˆู ุดู€ู€ุฎุตโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุซู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุชุฌุนู€ู€ู„ ู…ู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุฅู†ุณู€ู€ุงู†ุง ู‹ ูู‚ู€ู€ุท ุงู„ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ช .โ€ฌุฃู†ู€ู€ุช ูˆุฃู…ุซุงู„ู€ู€ูƒ ูŠู€ู€ุง ุณู€ู€ูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุฆู€ู€ุจ ุฌุนู„ุชู…ูˆู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆูโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ ุฃู„ู€ู€ูˆู… ุนู„ูŠู€ู€ูƒ ูˆุญู€ู€ุฏูƒโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู„ูƒู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃู„ู€ู€ูˆู… ุงู„ุนุฏูŠู€ู€ุฏ ูˆุงู„ุนุฏูŠู€ู€ุฏโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุจู…ู†ุงุณู€ู€ุจุฉ ุงุนุชู€ู€ุฑุงุถ ุณู€ู€ูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุฆู€ู€ุจ ุงู„ูˆูู€ู€ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุงู„ู…ุคุงุฎู€ู€ุฐุฉ ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุณู€ู€ุฃูˆุถุญ ู„ุณู€ู€ูŠุงุฏุชูƒ ูˆูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ุง ุชู…ุซู„ู€ู€ู‡ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ู‡ุชุฑุฆู€ู€ุฉ ููƒุฑูŠู‹ู€ู€ุง ู„ู…ู€ู€ุงุฐุง ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุจุจุณู€ู€ุงุทุฉ ุจู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆูโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆู ูู‚ู€ู€ุท ูˆุงู„ ุดู€ู€ูŠุก ุขุฎู€ู€ุฑ ุฅุงู„ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุธู„ู€ู€ู… ูˆุงู„ู‚ู‡ู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฌู€ู€ูˆุนโ€ช .โ€ฌุฃูˆุฏ ุฃูŠุถ ู€ุง ู‹ ุฃู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู†ู€ู€ูˆู‡ ุฃู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ู€ู€ุฉ ู„ูŠุณู€ู€ุช ุงู†ู‡ุฒุงู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงู„ ุชู‡ู€ู€ุฏู ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฎู„ู€ู€ู‚ ุญุงู„ู€ู€ุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงุฅู„ุญุจู€ู€ุงุทโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู„ู€ู€ูˆ ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุงุฃู„ู‡ู€ู€ุฏุงู ู„ู…ู€ู€ุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ู€ู€ุงูƒโ€ฌ โ€ซุฏุง ู‹ุน ู„ู„ูƒุชุงุจู€ู€ุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงุฃู„ุณู€ู€ุงุณโ€ช .โ€ฌุฃูƒุชู€ู€ุจ ุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ู€ู€ุฉ ู…ุญุฑุถู€ุง ู‹ ูˆู…ู†ุงุตู€ุฑุง ู‹โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู…ุญุฑุถู€ุง ู‹ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุฑุงุฌุนู€ู€ุฉ ู…ูˆุงู‚ูู†ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุชุญู€ู€ุฑุถ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุชู†ู€ู€ุงูˆู„ ู…ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ ูŠุชู€ู€ู… ุชู†ุงูˆู„ู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุงู„ุนุชู€ุฑุงู ุจู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุฑูู€ู€ุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุฆู€ู€ุจ ูˆุฃู…ุซุงู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุงุงู„ุนุชู€ุฑุงู ุจู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ู€ู€ุงู„ ู…ูˆุฌู€ู€ู‡ โ€œุฃู„ู‡ู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฑโ€ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูˆุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุฐูƒู€ู€ุฑ ุณู€ู€ูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุฆู€ู€ุจ ุฃู† ุงุณู€ู€ุชุบุฑุงุจู‡ ู…ู€ู€ู† ูƒู„ู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุจู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆู ูู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุงู‚ุนู€ู€ู‡ ู…ูู‡ู€ู€ูˆู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุงู„ู†ุงุฆู€ู€ุจ ูŠู†ุชู…ู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุทุจู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุชู€ู€ุฑู‰ ุณู€ู€ูˆู‰ ู†ูุณู€ู€ู‡ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุฑูƒู€ู€ุฒ ุงู„ูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ูˆุฃูŠุถ ู€ุง ู‹ ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ู‚ู„ู€ู€ุจ ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุชู€ู€ุฑู‰ ุฃู† ุฑุฃูŠู‡ู€ู€ุง ูŠู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ุงุฃู„ุบู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู…ุชู†ุงุณู€ู€ูŠุฉ ุฃู† ุงุฃู„ุบู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ ุชุจุงู„ู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงุฃู„ุณู€ู€ุงุณ ุฃู„ู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุชุนูŠู€ู€ุด ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ู€ู€ุฉ ู…ุณู€ู€ุชู…ุฑุฉ ู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆู ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุธู„ู€ู€ู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ู‚ู‡ู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฌู€ู€ูˆุนโ€ช .โ€ฌุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงุฃู„ุบู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู„ูŠุณู€ู€ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุชู…ุงุณู€ู€ูƒุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุทุจูŠุนุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ูŠุฌู…ุนู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆูโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุชุฎุชู„ู€ู€ู ู…ุฎุงูˆูู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ูŠุธู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุนูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆู ูˆุนู€ู€ุฏู… ุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ุงู† ูˆุงุญู€ู€ุฏโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฏุนู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุนู€ู€ุฏุฏ ู„ุณู€ู€ูŠุงุฏุชูƒ ูˆู…ู€ู€ุง ุชู…ุซู„ู€ู€ู‡ ู…ู€ู€ู† ููƒู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู† ูŠุดู€ู€ุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆู ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ูˆู…ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ู€ู€ู ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชุณู€ู€ุชุฏุนูŠ ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชูจโ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซุงู„ุจุฑู„ู…ู€ู€ุงู† ูˆูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงุฏูŠู€ู€ู† ุงุญุชุฌุงุฌู€ู€ุง ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุชู€ู€ูˆุฑุท ุฑุฆูŠู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ู€ู€ูˆุฒุฑุงุกโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฃู„ูŠุณู€ู€ู„ู†ุฏูŠ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุชุณู€ู€ุฑูŠุจุงุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฃุฏุช ุงุงู„ุญุชุฌุงุฌู€ู€ุงุช ูู€ู€ูŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุทู€ู€ุงู ุงู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุณู€ู€ุชู‚ุงู„ุฉ ุฑุฆูŠู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ู€ู€ูˆุฒุฑุงุก ูˆุงู„ุฏุนู€ู€ูˆุฉ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู†ุชุฎุงุจู€ู€ุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุจูƒู€ู€ุฑุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงูŠุณู€ู€ู„ู†ุฏุงโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู€ู€ู… ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ุฑูˆุณู€ู€ูŠ ูุงู„ุฏูŠู…ูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุจูˆุชูŠู€ู€ู† ูƒุงู† ุฃุดู€ู€ู‡ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุชู€ู€ูˆุฑุท ุงุณู€ู€ู…ู‡ ุญู€ู€ูˆู„ ุงุฃู„ูˆุฑุงู‚ ูู€ู€ุฅู† ู…ู€ู€ุง ุชู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู†ุดู€ู€ุฑ ุงุฃู„ูˆุฑุงู‚ ู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠุฎู„ู€ู€ู ุฃูŠ ุฑุฏ ูุนู€ู€ู„ ุถู€ู€ุฏู‡ ุจู€ู€ู„ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุนูƒู€ู€ุณโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุชู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู…ู„ูŠู€ู€ู† ุงุฃู„ูˆุฑุงู‚ ุจู€ู€ุงู„โ€โ€ช โ€œ Putinphobiaโ€ฌุฃูˆ ููˆุจูŠู€ู€ุง ุจูˆุชูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงุนุชุจุฑู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ู…ุชุญู€ู€ุฏุซ ุจุงุณู€ู€ู… ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ุฑูˆุณู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ู€ู€ุฉ ู„ุฒุนุฒุนู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุณู€ู€ุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุฑูˆุณู€ู€ูŠุงโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุฑุฏ ูุนู€ู€ู„ ู…ุดู€ู€ุงุจู‡ ู„ู…ู€ู€ุง ุญู€ู€ุฏุซ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุฐุฑุจูŠุฌู€ู€ุงู† ุญูŠู€ู€ุซ ู†ูู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠู€ู€ุณ ุงุฃู„ุฐุฑุจูŠุฌุงู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุชู€ู€ูˆุฑุท ุนุงุฆู„ุชู€ู€ู‡ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซู†ุดู€ู€ุงุทุงุช ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฎู€ู€ุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุจู€ู€ุงุฏ ูˆุฏุงูู€ู€ุน ุนู€ู€ู† ุฃุญู‚ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุนุงุฆู„ุชู€ู€ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู…ุชู€ู€ุงูƒ ุฃุตู€ู€ูˆู„ ุฎู€ู€ุงุฑุฌ ุฃุฐุฑุจูŠุฌู€ู€ุงู† ุจู…ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ ูŠุฎุงู„ู€ู€ู ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ู€ู€ูˆู†โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฑุฏ ุงู„ูุนู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุนุจูŠ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠู€ู€ุฏ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ุนุฑุจู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซูƒุงู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุบู€ู€ุฑุจ ุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ู‚ู€ู€ุงู… ุงู„ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุจุฏุนู€ู€ูˆุงุช ู…ุญู€ู€ุฏูˆุฏุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ุชุธุงู‡ู€ู€ุฑุงุช ู„ู„ู…ุทุงู„ุจู€ู€ุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู€ู€ู‚ ููŠู…ู€ู€ุง ูˆุฑุฏ ุจุงู„ูˆุซุงุฆู€ู€ู‚ ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุชู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุชุตู€ู€ุฏูŠ ู„ุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ุฏุนู€ู€ูˆุงุช ูˆู…ู†ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุชุธุงู‡ู€ู€ุฑุงุชโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆูู€ู€ูŠ ุชูˆู†ู€ู€ุณโ€ฌ โ€ซู‚ู€ู€ุงู„ ุฑุงุดู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ุบู†ูˆุดู€ู€ูŠ ุฒุนูŠู€ู€ู… ุญุฑูƒู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุถู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃู† ุฃูˆุฑุงู‚ ุจู†ู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€œุณู€ู€ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุดู€ู€ู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุชูˆู†ู€ู€ุณโ€ ุจุนู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู€ู€ู‚ ุจู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ู„ู€ู€ูˆุฑูˆุฏ ุฃุณู€ู€ู…ุงุก ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠูŠู† ุชูˆู†ุณู€ู€ูŠูŠู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงุฃู„ูˆุฑุงู‚โ€ช .โ€ฌูˆูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆู€ู€ุฑ ุงุณู€ู€ุชุฏุนุช ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ููŠุฑ ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ุฏูŠู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงุญุชุฌุงุฌู€ู€ุง ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุชู†ู€ู€ุงูˆู„ ูˆุณู€ู€ุงุฆู„ ุงุงู„ุนู€ู€ุงู… ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณู€ู€ูŠุฉ ุชู€ู€ูˆุฑุทโ€ฌ โ€ซุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุงุช ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุซุงุฆู€ู€ู‚ ูˆูˆุตูู€ู€ุช ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู†ู€ู€ุงูˆู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุจุงู„โ€ุงู„ุญู…ู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุฒุงุฆู€ู€ุฑโ€โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชุนุงู…ู„ู€ู€ุช ู…ุนู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู€ู€ู… ู…ู€ู€ู† ุนู€ู€ุฏู… ุงู„ุชุฃูƒู€ู€ุฏ ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุชู€ู€ูˆุฑุท ุขุงู„ู ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุฐูƒู€ู€ุฑุช ุฃุณู€ู€ู…ุงุฆู‡ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุชุณู€ู€ุฑูŠุจุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠู€ู€ุงุช ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠู€ู€ุฉุ› ูู€ู€ุฅู† ุงุฃู„ุฑุฌู€ู€ุญ ุฃู† ุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุณู€ู€ุชุฎุฏู…ุช ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฑูƒุฉ ุฅู„ู†ุดู€ู€ุงุก ุญุณู€ู€ุงุจุงุช ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุดู€ู€ุฑูƒุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู‡ู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุจู‡ู€ู€ุฏู ุงู„ุชู‡ู€ู€ุฑุจ ุงู„ุถุฑูŠุจู€ู€ูŠ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุจุงู„ุฏู‡ู€ู€ู… ุนู€ู€ู† ุทุฑูŠู€ู€ู‚โ€ฌ โ€ซุฅุฎูู€ู€ุงุก ุชุนุงู…ุงู„ุชู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌุฃู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ูุถุงุฆู€ู€ุญ ูƒุงู† ุชู€ู€ูˆุฑุท ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠู€ู€ุณโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฃู„ูˆูƒุฑุงู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุจูŠุชู€ู€ุฑูˆ ุจูˆุฑูˆุดู€ู€ูŠู†ูƒูˆ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูˆุนู€ู€ุฏ ุจุจูŠู€ู€ุน ุฃุตูˆู„ู€ู€ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุญูŠู†ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุตู€ู€ู„ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ู„ุทุฉ ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูƒุดู€ู€ูุช ุงู„ูˆุซุงุฆู€ู€ู‚โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู† ุงู„ุฑุฌู€ู€ู„ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุญู€ู€ูˆู„ ุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงุฃู„ุตู€ู€ูˆู„ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุญุณู€ู€ุงุจุงุช ูˆู‡ู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุดู€ู€ุฑูƒุงุช ุฎู€ู€ุงุฑุฌ ุจู€ู€ุงุฏู‡โ€ช .โ€ฌู…ู€ู€ู† ุฃุดู€ู€ู‡ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฐูƒู€ู€ุฑุช ุฃุณู€ู€ู…ุงุฆู‡ู… ุงูŠุถู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฑุฆูŠู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ุฑูˆุณู€ู€ูŠ ูุงู„ุฏูŠู…ูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุจูˆุชูŠู€ู€ู† ูˆุงู„ุฑุฆูŠู€ู€ุณ ุงุงู„ูŠุณู€ู€ู„ู†ุฏูŠ ุฏูŠููŠู€ู€ุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซุฌูˆู†ุงู„ุฌุณู€ู€ูˆู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู€ู€ู† ุงุชู‡ู…ู€ู€ุง ุจุณู€ู€ุจุจ ุงู„ูˆุซุงุฆู€ู€ู‚ ุจุชู…ู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุฃุตู€ู€ูˆู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุฎู€ู€ุงุฑุฌ ุจุงู„ุฏู‡ู…ู€ู€ุง ุฃุฎููŠุงู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจุงุณู€ู€ุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃุณู€ู€ู…ุงุก ุฃู‚ู€ู€ุงุฑุจ ู„ู‡ู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุชุณู€ู€ุฑูŠุจุงุช ุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุง ุฃูˆุฑุฏุช ุฃุณู€ู€ู…ุงุก ุฑุฆูŠู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ู€ู€ูˆุฒุฑุงุก ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ู€ู€ูŠ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุฌุงู†ู€ู€ุจ ุฃุณู€ู€ู…ุงุก ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠูŠู† ูˆุญู€ู€ูƒุงู… ุนู€ู€ุฑุจโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุชูƒุดู€ู€ู ุนู€ู€ู† ุญุฌู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุชู‡ู€ู€ุฑุจ ุงู„ุถุฑูŠุจู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ูˆุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุจู€ู€ุฃุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุญุณู€ู€ุงุจุงุช ูˆู‡ู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชุตู€ู€ู„ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ โ€ช 8โ€ฌุชุฑูŠู„ูŠู€ู€ูˆู† ุฏูˆุงู„ุฑ ูˆูู‚ู€ู€ุง ู„ุฌุจุฑูŠู€ู€ุงู„ ุฒูƒู…ู€ู€ุงู†โ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุณู€ู€ุชุงุฐ ุงุงู„ู‚ุชุตู€ู€ุงุฏ ุจุฌุงู…ุนู€ู€ุฉ ุจูŠุฑูƒู„ู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูŠุนุชุจู€ู€ุฑ ุฃู† โ€ช 8%โ€ฌู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุซู€ู€ุฑูˆุงุช ุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุฃู„ู‚ู€ู€ู„ ู…ุฎุจู€ู€ุฃุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุฑุตู€ู€ุฏุฉ ุฎููŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุชู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฎูุงุฆู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจุดู€ู€ูƒู„ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ู€ู€ูŠโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซุงู„ูˆุซุงุฆู€ู€ู‚ ุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุง ู„ู€ู€ู… ุชุณู€ู€ู„ู… ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุชุดู€ู€ูƒูŠูƒ ูˆู†ุธุฑูŠู€ู€ุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุคุงู…ู€ู€ุฑุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฌุงู†ู€ู€ุจ ุฅู„ู‚ู€ู€ุงุก ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุณู€ู€ูŠุฉ ูˆุดู€ู€ุจูƒุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุฎุจุงุฑู‡ู€ู€ุง โ€œุฑูˆุณู€ู€ูŠุง ุงู„ูŠู€ู€ูˆู…โ€ ุงุชู‡ุงู…ู€ู€ุงุช ู„ุฏูˆุงุฆู€ู€ุฑ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุจุงู„ูˆู‚ู€ู€ูˆูโ€ฌ โ€ซุฎู„ู€ู€ู ุงู„ุชุณู€ู€ุฑูŠุจุงุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู€ู€ุฅู† ุงู„ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠุณู€ู€ุชุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุนู€ู€ุจ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ูˆุซุงุฆู€ู€ู‚ ุงุณู€ู€ุชู†ุงุฏุง ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู‡ูˆูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ุฏุงุนู…ู€ู€ุฉ ู„ุงู„ุชุญู€ู€ุงุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฏูˆู„ู€ู€ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุญู‚ู‚ูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุตุญููŠูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุดู€ู€ุฑ ู„ู„ูˆุซุงุฆู€ู€ู‚โ€ช .โ€ฌุงุงู„ุชุญู€ู€ุงุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุณู€ู€ู…ูŠ ูŠุนุชู€ู€ุฑู ุจุชู…ูˆูŠู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุนู€ู€ู† ุทุฑูŠู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠู€ู€ุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณู€ู€ุงุช ุฃุดู€ู€ู‡ุฑู‡ุง ู…ู†ุธู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ู…ูุชู€ู€ูˆุญโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ู…ูˆู„ู€ู€ุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฑุฌู€ู€ู„ ุงุฃู„ุนู…ู€ู€ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุฌู€ู€ูˆุฑุฌ ุณู€ู€ูˆุฑุณ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆูŠูƒูŠู„ูŠูƒู€ู€ุณ ุงูŠุถู€ู€ุง ุดู€ู€ูƒูƒุช ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุตุฏุงู‚ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆุซุงุฆู€ู€ู‚ ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุฎู€ู€ุงู„ ุญุณู€ู€ุงุจู‡ุง ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุชูˆูŠุชู€ู€ุฑ โ€ช -โ€ฌุญูŠู€ู€ุซ ูˆุถุญู€ู€ุช ุฃู† ุชู…ูˆูŠู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุงู„ุชุญู€ู€ุงุฏ ุนู€ู€ู† ุทุฑูŠู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุงุฃู„ู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู€ู€ุฉ โ€œูŠุซูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุดู€ู€ูƒูˆูƒุง ุญู€ู€ูˆู„โ€ฌ โ€ซู†ุฒุงู‡ุชู€ู€ู‡โ€โ€ช .โ€ฌูˆูŠูƒูŠูŠู„ูŠูƒู€ู€ุณ ุงูŠุถู€ู€ุง ู„ูู€ู€ุช ุงุงู„ู†ุชุจู€ู€ุงู‡ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุบูŠู€ู€ุงุจ ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ูˆุงู„ูŠู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญู€ู€ุฏุฉ ุนู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุชุณู€ู€ุฑูŠุจุงุช ู…ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุฏุนู€ู€ู… ูˆุฌู‡ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุจุงู†ุญูŠู€ู€ุงุฒ ุงู„ุชุณู€ู€ุฑูŠุจุงุชโ€ช .โ€ฌุงุงู„ุชู‡ู€ู€ุงู… ุจุงู„ุชู…ูˆูŠู€ู€ู„ ุฏุงูู€ู€ุน ุนู†ู€ู€ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุฏูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุงุงู„ุชุญู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ู€ู€ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุญู‚ู‚ูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุตุญููŠูŠู€ู€ู† ุฌูŠู€ู€ุฑุงุฑุฏ ุฑูŠู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซู‚ุงุฆู€ู€ุง ุจู€ู€ุฃู† ู…ู…ูˆู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุงุงู„ุชุญู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ ูŠุคุซู€ู€ุฑูˆู† ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุญุชู€ู€ูˆู‰ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุชู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุชุบุทูŠุชู€ู€ู‡โ€ช .โ€ฌูˆูˆูู‚ู€ู€ุง ู„ู…ุฌู„ู€ู€ุฉ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู…ุจูŠู€ู€ุง ุฌูˆุฑู†ุงู„ู€ู€ุฒู… ุฑูŠููŠู€ู€ูˆ โ€ช ุŒCJRโ€ฌุดู€ู€ุฏุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฃู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุชู€ู€ู… ุฑูู€ู€ุถ ู…ุตู€ู€ุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุชู…ูˆูŠู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุญุงูˆู„ู€ู€ุช ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุชุบุทูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงุงู„ุชุญู€ู€ุงุฏโ€ช .โ€ฌุฃู…ู€ู€ุง ุงุงู„ุชู‡ู€ู€ุงู… ุจุนู€ู€ุฏู… ูˆุฌู€ู€ูˆุฏ ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠูŠู†โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู…ุดู€ู€ุงู‡ูŠุฑ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู€ู€ู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงุฃู„ูˆุฑุงู‚ ูู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุฎุตู€ู€ุต ู„ู€ู€ู‡ ู…ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุนโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช Fusion TVโ€ฌุชู‚ุฑูŠู€ู€ุฑุง ูŠุทู€ู€ุฑุญ ููŠู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุคุงู„ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุชุฎุตุตูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ู€ู€ูˆู†โ€ช .โ€ฌูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ู€ุฑุฏ ุงุฃู„ูƒุซู€ู€ุฑ ู‚ุจู€ู€ูˆุงู„ ุฃู† ุงุฃู„ู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู€ู€ู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุจุงู„ูุนู€ู€ู„ ุดู€ู€ุฑูƒุงุช ู…ุนุฑูˆูู€ู€ุฉ ุจุงู„ุชู‡ุฑูŠู€ู€ุจ ุงู„ุถุฑูŠุจู€ู€ูŠ ูู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุงูŠูˆู…ู†ู€ู€ุฌโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูˆ ูˆุงู„ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฏูŠุงู„ูˆูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃูˆ ูˆุงู„ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู†ูŠูู€ู€ุงุฏุง ู…ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุฌุนู„ู‡ู€ู€ู… ูู€ู€ูŠ ุนู€ู€ุฏู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุญุชูŠู€ู€ุงุฌ ู„ู„ุฐู‡ู€ู€ุงุจ ู„ุจู†ู…ู€ู€ุง ู„ู„ุชู‡ู€ู€ุฑุจ ุงู„ุถุฑูŠุจู€ู€ูŠโ€ช .โ€ฌุงุงู„ุฌุงุจู€ู€ุฉ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุชุจู€ู€ุฏูˆโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู‚ู†ุนู€ู€ุฉ ู„ู„ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ุงุฎุฑูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ ูŠุณู€ู€ุชุจุนุฏูˆู† ุชุฏุฎู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูˆ ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุงุช ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุนู€ู€ุจ ุจู†ุดู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ูˆุซุงุฆู€ู€ู‚ ุฎุตูˆุตู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู† ุนู€ู€ุฏุฏ ุงุฃู„ู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑูŠู€ู€ู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุซุงุฆู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ ูŠุชุนู€ู€ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุขุงู„ู ุจูŠู†ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุตู€ู€ู„ ุนู€ู€ุฏุฏ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠูŠู€ู€ู† ู…ุซู€ู€ุง ุงู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุชุณู€ู€ุนุฉ ุงุงู„ูโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซุงุงู„ูุตู€ู€ุงุญ ุนู€ู€ู† ุงุฃู„ูˆุฑุงู‚ ุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุญุชุฌู€ู€ุงุฌ ุดู€ู€ุนุจูŠ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซู€ู…ุงุฆู‡ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซู€โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุณโ€ฌ โ€ซู€ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซู€โ€ฌ โ€ซุชูˆุฑุทโ€ฌ โ€ซู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซู€โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู…โ€ฌ โ€ซู€ุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซู€โ€ฌ โ€ซุชุญู‚ูŠู‚โ€ฌ โ€ซู€ุญโ€ฌ โ€ซู€โ€ฌ โ€ซูุชโ€ฌ โ€ซู€ุงู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซู€โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซู€โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงู†ุฌู„ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู€โ€ฌ โ€ซูุฑู†ุณโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆูˆุณู€ู€ุท ุงุญุชู…ู€ู€ุงุงู„ุช ู†ุดู€ู€ุฑ ุนู€ู€ุฏุฏ ุงุฎู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ูˆุซุงุฆู€ู€ู‚ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุงุฃู„ูˆุฑุงู‚ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู‡ุฐูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุฏูŠู€ู€ู† ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฌุงู†ู€ู€ุจ ุงู„ูˆุงู„ูŠู€ู€ุงุช ุงุฃู„ุดู€ู€ู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูŠุฒูŠู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠู€ู€ุซ ูู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุณู€ู€ุงุฆู„ ุงุงู„ุนู€ู€ุงู… ุญู€ู€ูˆู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุชุญู€ู€ุฏุฉ ูˆุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠู€ู€ุง ูˆู‡ูˆู„ู†ู€ู€ุฏุง ูˆุงู„ุณู€ู€ูˆูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ู†ู…ุณู€ู€ุง ูˆุฃุณู€ู€ุชุฑุงู„ูŠุงโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ุนู€ู€ู† ุชูˆููŠู€ู€ุฑ ุถูˆุงุจู€ู€ุท ุฃูƒุจู€ู€ุฑ ุชุถู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุดู€ู€ูุงููŠุฉ ูˆุชู…ู†ู€ู€ุน ุชูƒู€ุฑุงุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฌุงู†ู€ู€ุจ ูุชู€ู€ุญ ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ู€ู€ุงุช ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงุชุญู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ูƒู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ู€ู€ูŠ โ€œุงู„ููŠูู€ู€ุงโ€ ุญู€ู€ูˆุงุฏุซ ู…ู…ุงุซู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุฎุตูˆุตู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ุน ุชู€ู€ูˆุฑุท ุนู€ู€ุฏุฏ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠูŠู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู€ู€ู† ุชู€ู€ูˆุฑุท ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุฃูู€ู€ุฑุงุฏู‡ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุซุงุฆู€ู€ู‚โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุฃู† ุงุงู„ุญุชุฌู€ู€ุงุฌ ูˆุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุงุช ุงู„ู‡ุงู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ูŠูุชู€ู€ุฑุถ ู…ู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุถุจู€ู€ุท ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฃู„ูˆุณู€ู€ุน ูƒุงู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงูŠุณู€ู€ู„ู†ุฏุง ุญูŠู€ู€ุซ ุงุญุชุดู€ู€ุฏ ุงุขู„ุงู„ู ุฃู„ูŠู€ู€ุงู… ุฃู…ู€ู€ุงู… ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุชุนู€ู€ุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชูงโ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซุณูŠุงุณุฉโ€ฌ

โ€ซูˆโ€ฌ โ€ซุซโ€ฌ โ€ซุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุฆโ€ฌ โ€ซู‚โ€ฌ โ€ซุจโ€ฌ โ€ซู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆโ€ฌ โ€ซู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู‚ ุฃุซุงุฑุช ุงู„ โ€ช...โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุฑ ุนุงู„ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชูฆโ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซุฏ ุฏุจูˆุฑโ€ฌ

โ€ซุชุตู€ู€ุฏุฑุช ุงู„ูˆุซุงุฆู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุณู€ู€ุฑุจุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู€ู€ู† ุดู€ู€ุฑูƒุฉ โ€œู…ูˆุณู€ู€ุงูƒ ููˆู†ุณู€ู€ูŠูƒุงโ€ ุงู„ุจู†ู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู„ุฎุฏู…ู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠู€ู€ุฉ โ€ช-โ€ฌุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆูู€ู€ุฉ ุงุนุงู„ู…ูŠู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุจุงุณู€ู€ู… ูˆุซุงุฆู€ู€ู‚ ุจู†ู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ช -โ€ฌุนู†ุงูˆูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุตุญู€ู€ูโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ู„ูุชู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ู‡ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุงุถู€ู€ูŠโ€ช .โ€ฌุงู„ูˆุซุงุฆู€ู€ู‚ ูƒุดู€ู€ูุช ุงุญุชู…ู€ู€ุงู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุชู€ู€ูˆุฑุท ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุงุช ุดู€ู€ู‡ูŠุฑุฉ ุญู€ู€ูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ูุถุงุฆู€ู€ุญ ุชู‡ู€ู€ุฑุจ ุถุฑูŠุจู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุชุฑุชู€ู€ุจโ€ฌ โ€ซุนู„ูŠู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงุญุชุฌุงุฌู€ู€ุงุช ูˆุจูŠุงู†ู€ู€ุงุช ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงุณู€ู€ุชู‚ุงุงู„ุช ู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุงุช ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุงุฃู„ุญูŠู€ู€ุงู†โ€ช .โ€ฌูˆุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู€ู€ู… ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู† ุฑุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ูุนู€ู€ู„ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุซุงุฆู€ู€ู‚ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ุนุฑุจู€ู€ูŠ ุฌู€ู€ุงุกุช ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุณู€ู€ุชุญูŠุงุก ูู€ู€ุงู† ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ ูŠู‚ู„ู€ู€ู„ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฃู‡ู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุชุนู€ู€ุฑู ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุงู‡ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุดู€ู€ูโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุตุญูู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุชุฃุซูŠู€ู€ุฑู‡ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ุญุงู„ูŠู€ู€ุงโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุจู€ู€ุฏุฃุช ุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ูƒุดู€ู€ูโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู…ู€ู€ู„ ุตุญูู€ู€ูŠ ุงุณู€ู€ุชู‚ุตุงุฆูŠ ู„ุงู„ุชุญู€ู€ุงุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฏูˆู„ู€ู€ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุญู‚ู‚ูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุตุญููŠูŠู€ู€ู† ุนู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุชุณู€ู€ุฑูŠุจ ูˆุซุงุฆู€ู€ู‚ ุชูƒุดู€ู€ู ุนู€ู€ู† ุชู‡ู€ู€ุฑุจ ุงุงู„ูโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฎุตูŠุงุช ุญู€ู€ูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู€ู€ู… ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุถุฑุงุฆู€ู€ุจโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ูˆุซุงุฆู€ู€ู‚ ุณู€ู€ุฑุจุช ู…ู€ู€ู† ุดู€ู€ุฑูƒุฉ ุฎุฏู…ู€ู€ุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุจู†ู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ู…ูˆุณู€ู€ุงูƒ ููˆู†ุณู€ู€ูŠูƒุงโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠู„ูู€ู€ุช ุงู„ู†ุธู€ู€ุฑ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุญุฌู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ู‡ุงุฆู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูŠุตู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ู€ู€ู‰ โ€ช 11โ€ฌู…ู„ูŠู€ู€ูˆู† ูˆุซูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุขู„ุงู„ูโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุจู†ู€ู€ูˆูƒ ูˆุดู€ู€ุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ


โ€ซุฅู† ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุนูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุฏูˆู„ุชู€ู€ุงู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุชู€ู€ุงู†โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู€ู€ู† ุจุนุถู‡ู…ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุนู€ู€ุฏุฉ ุฌูˆุงู†ู€ู€ุจโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุฃูŠ ุนุงู‚ู€ู€ู„ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฑู‚โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุงู„ูˆุณู€ู€ุท ุณู€ู€ูˆู ูŠุงู„ุญู€ู€ุธ ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฎู€ู€ุงู ุฎุจู€ู€ุฑุงุก ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงุงู„ุนู€ู€ุงู… ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ช .โ€ฌูˆุฃู‡ู€ู€ู… ู†ู‚ู€ู€ุงุท ุงุงู„ุฎุชู€ู€ุงู ุชุชู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุธู€ู€ุงู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุฑูƒุงุฆู€ู€ุฒ ุงุงู„ู‚ุชุตู€ู€ุงุฏ ูˆู‡ูŠูƒู„ูŠู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุซู‚ุงูู€ู€ุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุนโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู€ู€ู… ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุชุฌู…ู€ู€ุน ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุงู„ุณู€ู€ุนูˆุฏูŠุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุนุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ูุฑูŠู€ู€ุฏุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌุงู„ ุฃุฑูŠู€ู€ุฏ ุงู† ุฃุญุตู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฅุทู€ู€ุงุฑ ู†ุธุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุชุจุนูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌุชุจุนูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠู€ู€ุง ูˆุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠุง ู„ู„ุณู€ู€ุนูˆุฏูŠุฉ โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู€ู€ุง ู†ู†ูƒู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุฌู€ู€ูˆุฏ ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุฏุจู„ูˆู…ุงุณู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุญูŠู€ู€ุซโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฒุงู„ู€ู€ุช ุชู…ุซู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ

โ€ซู…ุญู…ู€ู€ุฏ ุนู„ู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุชูˆู‚ูŠู€ู€ุน ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุนุงู‡ู€ู€ุฏุฉ ู„ู†ู€ู€ุฏู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ุนู€ู€ุงู…โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช 1840โ€ฌูˆุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ู†ุตู€ู€ุช ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุชูŠู€ู€ู† ุชุชุจุนู€ู€ุงู† ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุณู€ู€ูˆู ุชุชุญู…ู€ู€ู„ ู…ุณู€ู€ุฆูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุงุฏุงุฑุชู‡ู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆ ุงุณู€ู€ุชู…ุฑ ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุญูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุธู‡ู€ู€ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุนูˆุฏูŠุฉ ูˆ ู†ุดู€ู€ูˆุจ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงุฅู„ุณู€ู€ุฑุงุฆูŠู„ูŠุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุนูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุถุนูŠูู€ู€ุฉ ุขู†ู€ู€ุฐุงูƒ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ู€ู€ุฉ ุจุงู„ูŠู€ู€ูˆู… ูˆู„ู€ู€ู… ุชูƒุชู€ู€ุฑุซโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุชูŠู€ู€ู† ุจู€ู€ู„ ุงู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃูˆูƒู„ู€ู€ุช ู…ุณู€ู€ุคูˆู„ูŠุชู‡ู…ุง ู„ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ุขู†ู€ู€ุฐุงูƒโ€ช .โ€ฌุจุนู€ู€ุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุจูุชู€ู€ุฑุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู‚ุงู…ู€ู€ุช ุงุชูุงู‚ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูƒุงู…ู€ู€ุจ ุฏูŠููŠู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชุญุชู€ู€ู… ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ุงู† ูŠุชู€ู€ู… ุชุฃู…ูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุชูŠู€ู€ู† ูู‚ู€ู€ุท ู…ู€ู€ู† ู‚ุจู€ู€ู„ ู‚ู€ู€ูˆุงุช ุญูู€ู€ุธโ€ฌ โ€ซุณู€ู€ุงู…โ€ช .โ€ฌูˆ ุญุงู„ูŠู€ู€ุง ูˆ ุจุนู€ู€ุฏ ุงุชูู€ู€ุงู‚ ุชุฑุณู€ู€ูŠู… ุงู„ุญู€ู€ุฏูˆุฏ ุจูŠู€ู€ู† ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงู„ุณู€ู€ุนูˆุฏูŠุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃุนู„ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ุณูŠุณู€ู€ูŠโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู„ูŠุณู€ู€ุช ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ู€ู€ุฉโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุชู†ู€ู€ุงุฒู„ ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ุนู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุชูŠู€ู€ู† ู…ู‚ุงุจู€ู€ู„ ุชุฃู…ูŠู€ู€ู† ุงุญุชูŠุงุฌู€ู€ุงุช ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู†ูุทูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู„ุฎู…ุณู€ู€ุฉ ุฃุนู€ู€ูˆุงู… ุงู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฌุงู†ู€ู€ุจ ู…ุณู€ู€ุงู†ุฏุงุช ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠู€ู€ุง ุฌุฒูŠู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุตู†ุงููŠู€ู€ุฑ ุชุงุจุนู€ู€ุฉ ู„ุฃู„ุฑุงุถู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุนูˆุฏูŠุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ุทุงู„ู…ู€ู€ุง ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ุชุญู€ู€ุช ุณู€ู€ูŠุทุฑุฉ ูˆุฅุดู€ู€ุฑุงู ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุชูุงู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒู€ู€ุฉ ู…ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุฑุฌู€ู€ุญ ุจู€ู€ุฃู† ุงู„ุณูŠุณู€ู€ูŠ ู‚ู€ู€ุงู… ูุนู€ู€ุง ุจุงู„ุชู†ู€ู€ุงุฒู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู€ู€ู† ุญู€ู€ู‚ ู…ุดู€ู€ุฑูˆุน ู„ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ูˆู„ูŠู€ู€ุณ ุญุฑุตู€ู€ุง ู…ู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุชุทุจูŠู€ู€ู‚โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุจู€ู€ู„ ู…ู‚ุงุจู€ู€ู„ ุฎุฏู…ู€ู€ุงุช ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌุฃู…ู€ู€ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณู€ู€ุจุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ุฌุฒูŠู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุชูŠู€ู€ุฑุงู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุณู€ู€ุทูŠ ุจูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุฏูŠู€ู€ู† ุญูŠู€ู€ุซ ุงู†ู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุชูˆุฌู€ู€ุฏ ู…ุณู€ู€ุงุญุฉ ู…ูŠู€ู€ุงู‡ ุฅู‚ู„ูŠู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉ( โ€ช 12โ€ฌู…ูŠู€ู€ุง ุจุญุฑูŠู€ู€ุง ูˆูู‚ู€ู€ุง ู„ู„ู‚ุงู†ู€ู€ูˆู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฏูˆู„ู€ู€ูŠ) ุชุณู€ู€ู…ุญ ุฃู„ูŠ ุจู„ู€ู€ุฏ ุจุงู…ุชู€ู€ุงูƒ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠู€ู€ุฑุฉ ูˆูู€ู€ูŠ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ู€ู€ุฉโ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุนูˆุฏูŠุฉ ูˆ ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ุงู† ูŠู„ุฌุฆู€ู€ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุงุชูุงู‚ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ุชุญุฏูŠู€ู€ุฏ ู…ู„ูƒูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠู€ู€ุฑุฉโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซู…ุตู€ู€ุฏุฑ ู‚ู€ู€ูˆุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ู€ู€ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ู€ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชุฌุงูˆุฑู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุชุดู€ู€ู‡ุฏ ุงุถุทุฑุงุจู€ู€ุงุช ู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ู„ูŠุจูŠู€ู€ุง ูˆู‚ุทู€ู€ุงุน ุบู€ู€ุฒุฉ ูˆุงู„ ู†ู†ูƒู€ู€ุฑ ุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุง ุฃู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุนุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุจูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุฏูŠู€ู€ู† ู…ู€ู€ุฑุช ุจู…ุฑุงุญู€ู€ู„ ุนุตูŠุจู€ู€ุฉ ุฎุตูˆุตู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูˆุฌ ุงุฒุฏู‡ู€ู€ุงุฑ ู‚ูˆู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู†ุงุตู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ุงุชู‡ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู†โ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุงุขู„ูˆู†ู€ู€ุฉ ุงุฃู„ุฎูŠู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุจู€ู€ุฏุฃุช ุงู„ุนุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุจูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุฏูŠู€ู€ู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุชุญุณู€ู€ู†โ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุฃุตุจุญู€ู€ุช ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ุดู€ู€ุฑูŠูƒุง ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠุง ูˆุนุณู€ู€ูƒุฑูŠุง ู„ู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุนู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฑุบู€ู€ู… ู…ู€ู€ู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนู€ู€ุงูˆู† ุจูŠู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุฏูŠู€ู€ู† ุงุณู€ู€ุชุบุฑุจุช ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุชุทู€ู€ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุฑูŠุน ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูุงุฌู€ู€ุฆ ู„ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒู€ู€ุฉ ุจุนู€ู€ุฏ ุชุชูˆูŠู€ู€ุฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุณู€ู€ู„ู…ุงู† ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุณู€ู€ุฑุนุงู† ู…ู€ู€ุง ุงุฏุฑูƒู€ู€ุช ุงู„ูุถุงุฆู€ู€ู„ ุจู€ู€ู„ ูˆุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุถุบูˆุทู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุชูˆุถู€ู€ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจุณู€ู€ุจุจ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุทู€ู€ูˆุฑโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุณู€ู€ุคุงู„ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูŠุทู€ู€ุฑุญ ู†ูุณู€ู€ู‡ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู…ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ุชู†ูˆูŠู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุนูˆุฏูŠุฉุŸโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆู…ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌู€ู€ูˆู„ ุจุฎุงุทู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุณูŠุณู€ู€ูŠ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุธู€ู€ู„ ุงุฎุชู€ู€ุงูโ€ฌ โ€ซุบุถู€ู€ุจ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุนุจ ุงู„ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑูŠ ูˆุงุนุชู€ู€ุฑุถ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูˆุตูู€ู€ู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูˆู„ูˆูŠุงุชู‡ู…ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠุฉ ูˆุชุนุงูˆู†ู‡ู…ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู† ูˆุงุญู€ู€ุฏุŸ ุŸ ูˆุงู„ู€ู€ู‰ โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูŠู€ู€ู† ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูŠู…ุชู€ู€ุฏ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนู€ู€ุงูˆู† ุŸ ูˆู‡ู†ู€ู€ุง ุชุฃุชู€ู€ูŠ ุฒูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุณู€ู€ู„ู…ุงู† ุจุบุจู€ู€ุงุก ูˆุฌู‡ู€ู€ู„ ูˆุญู…ุงู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุณู€ู€ูŠโ€ช .โ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ุจุนู€ู€ุถ ุงุนุชุจู€ู€ุฑู‡ ู„ุนุจู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ ู„ุชูˆุทูŠู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠุฉ ูู‚ู€ู€ุท ุจู€ู€ู„ ู„ูˆุถู€ู€ุน ุฎุทู€ู€ุท ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠุฉ ุชุชุญูƒู€ู€ู… ุจู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุนูˆุฏูŠุฉ ูˆู†ุธูŠุฑุงุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ู€ู€ุงู„โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆ ู…ู‚ุชุฑุญู€ู€ุงุช ูˆ ุชุบูŠู€ู€ุฑุงุช ูƒุงู† ู…ู€ู€ู† ุดู€ู€ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชุดู€ู€ุนู„ ูุถู€ู€ูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ุซู€ู€ุฑูˆุงุช ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠู€ู€ุฌโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆุงุนุชุจู€ู€ุฑูˆุง ุงู„ุณูŠุณู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ุทูู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุญูŠู€ู€ุฑุฉ ูˆุบุถู€ู€ุจ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุนุจ ุงู„ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑูŠ ุฎุตูˆุตู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุธู€ู€ู„ ุชุฏู‡ู€ู€ูˆุฑ ุงู„ ูŠุนู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠูุนู€ู€ู„ ุฃูˆ ูŠู‚ู€ู€ูˆู„โ€ชโ€œ .โ€ฌุนู€ู€ูˆุงุฏ ุจู€ู€ุงุน ุฃุฑุถู€ู€ู‡ ูˆู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ู„ูŠุณู€ู€ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู„ุจูŠู€ู€ุนโ€ ู‡ู€ู€ูŠ ุดู€ู€ุนุงุฑุงุช ุฑูุนู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ู…ุชุธุงู‡ู€ู€ุฑูˆู† ูˆู†ุดู€ู€ุทุงุก ุงุงู„ุนู€ู€ุงู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฃู„ูˆุถู€ู€ุงุน ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู…ู€ู€ุงู… ู†ู‚ุงุจู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุตุญููŠูŠู€ู€ู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุถู€ู€ูŠ ูˆูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠู€ู€ุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซุฒูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุณู€ู€ู„ู…ุงู† ุฌู€ู€ุงุกุช ูู€ู€ูŠ ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุช ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุงุณู€ู€ุชุงุก ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุงุฏูŠู€ู€ู† ูˆุงู„ุดู€ู€ูˆุงุฑุน ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌุฃูŠุถู€ู€ุง ุงุณู€ู€ุชู†ูƒุฑ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠู€ู€ุฏ ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซููŠู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑูŠ ู…ู€ู€ู† ูƒู„ ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ุงุช ุญูƒูˆู…ุชู€ู€ู‡ ูˆู…ู€ู€ู† ุนู‚ู€ู€ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠู‚ู€ู€ูˆู… ุจู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธู€ู€ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑูŠโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒู„ ุฃูุนู€ู€ุงู„ ูˆุฃู‚ู€ู€ูˆุงู„ ู‚ุงุฏุงุชู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠุฌู€ู€ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู„ู…ู€ู€ุงู† ูˆู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠุฌู€ู€ุฏูŠ ูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ู‡ู†ู€ู€ุงูƒ ุฏูˆู…ู€ู€ุง ู…ุฌู€ู€ุงู„ ู„ู„ุชููƒูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุชุจุฏูŠู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ู€ู€ูˆุฒุฑุงุก ูู€ู€ูŠ ูƒู„ ุญูŠู€ู€ู† ูˆุงุฎู€ู€ุฑ ูˆู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠู€ู€ุคุฏูŠ ุชู‚ู„ู€ู€ุจ ู…ู€ู€ุฒุงุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ุฉ ู…ุดู€ู€ุงูƒู„ ูƒุซูŠู€ู€ุฑุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ู‚ุงู†ู€ู€ูˆู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุถุนูŠู€ู€ู ูˆ ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุญุงูุธู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู€ู€ุฏู† ุงู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุชุบูŠูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุฃูˆ ุชุญุณู€ู€ู† ุฌู€ู€ุฐุฑูŠโ€ช .โ€ฌุจู€ู€ู„ ุญู€ู€ุฏุฉ ู…ุฌู€ู€ุฏูŠ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃุบู„ู€ู€ุจ ุงุงู„ุญูŠู€ู€ุงู†โ€ช .โ€ฌูˆุงู„ุญู€ู€ู‚ ูŠู‚ู€ู€ุงู„ ุจู€ู€ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ู€ู€ูˆู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุงู„ุณู€ู€ุชูŠุงุก ูˆุงุงู„ู†ุชู‚ู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงุฒุฏุงุฏุช ุจุดู€ู€ูƒู„ ู…ู„ุญู€ู€ูˆุธโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆุญูŠู€ู€ู† ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุนุจ ูˆุฌู€ู€ุฏ ู„ูŠู†ุตู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ูˆูŠ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุถุนูŠู€ู€ู ูˆู„ูŠู€ู€ุณ ุตุงุญู€ู€ุจ ุงู„ุญู€ู€ู‚โ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุฃูˆุฌ ุงุณู€ู€ุชูŠุงุกู‡ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุฒูŠุงุฑุงุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุงุณู€ู€ุชุถุงูุงุชู‡ุง ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุธุงู„ู€ู€ู…โ€ช .โ€ฌูุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุนุจ ุงู„ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑูŠ ุฃุงู„ ูŠุฎุถู€ู€ุน ู„ู…ุซู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุฌุฏูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู„ุญูƒูˆู…ู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ุจู„ู€ู€ุฏุงู† ุงุฃู„ุฎู€ู€ุฑู‰ ุฎุงุตู€ู€ุฉ ุฃู…ู€ู€ุฑุงุก ูˆู…ู„ู€ู€ูˆูƒ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฒู„ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆ ุฃุงู„ ูŠู†ุญู€ู€ุฏุฑ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฃุณู€ู€ู„ูˆุจ ุงุงู„ุนุช ู€ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ูƒู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุจู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฎู„ูŠู€ู€ุฌโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฌู€ู€ุงุกุช ุฒูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุณู€ู€ู„ู…ุงู† ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุญูŠู€ู€ู† ุบู€ู€ุฑุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌุชูˆู‚ู€ู€ุน ูˆุฃู† ูŠููƒู€ู€ุฑ ููŠู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ู† ู†ูˆุงุญู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุฎุชู„ูู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ูˆ ู„ู€ู€ูˆ ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ูƒุซูŠู€ู€ุฑูˆู† ุฃู† ุชูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงุฃู„ุฎูŠู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู…ุฌุฏูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุณู€ู€ุฎูŠูุฉ ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุงู„ุฑุงุถู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุตุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุงู„ุณู€ู€ุนูˆุฏูŠุฉ ู‚ุงู…ู€ู€ุช ุจู…ู‚ุงูŠุถู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุฌู€ู€ุฒุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุญู€ู€ุฏ ูƒุจูŠู€ู€ุฑ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุญูŠู€ู€ู† ู†ุธู€ู€ุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ู€ู€ุง ูƒุจู€ู€ุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ู„ู€ู€ูˆู† ุจุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฒูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุฉ ุจู…ุณู€ู€ุงุนุฏุงุช ู…ุงู„ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุชู†ุตู€ู€ุจ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฎุฏู…ู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ุงู…ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆูุฑูŠู€ู€ุฏุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ู†ูˆุนู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุณู€ู€ุชู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ุจู€ู€ุงุฏ ุฑุงุช ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุฑุงุฑุงุช ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ูŠู€ู€ูˆู… ู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆู„ูƒู€ู€ู† ูŠุธู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุนุจ ุงู„ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑูŠ ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู…ุชูุงุฆู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ุงู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุดู€ู€ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชุคุซู€ู€ุฑ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุตูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ุจู€ู€ุงุฏ ุฎุตูˆุตู€ู€ุง ูˆุฃู† ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒู€ู€ุฉ ุจู€ู€ุฃูŠ ุชู‚ู€ู€ุฏู… ุงู‚ุชุตู€ู€ุงุฏูŠ ูˆ ู„ู€ู€ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุจุณู€ู€ูŠุทุงโ€ช .โ€ฌู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุชุจู€ู€ุฏูˆ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุนูˆุฏูŠุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู‚ู€ู€ุฑุฑุช ุถู€ู€ู… ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุชุญุงู„ูู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงุงู„ุณู€ู€ุงู…ูŠ ุถู€ู€ุฏ ุงุงู„ุฑู‡ู€ู€ุงุจ ุญู„ูŠูู€ู€ุฉ ู‚ูˆูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆู…ู‡ูŠู…ู†ู€ู€ุฉ ุงุณู€ู€ุชุทุงุนุช ุงู„ุญุตู€ู€ูˆู„ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ู€ู€ุง ุชุฑูŠู€ู€ุฏู‡โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู…ู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุฃุจู€ู€ุฏุช ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ุงุณู€ู€ุชุนุฏุงุฏู‡ุง ู„ุชู‚ุฏูŠู€ู€ู… ุงู„ู…ุณู€ู€ุงู†ุฏุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌู„ูŠู€ู€ุณ ุงูˆ ุชู†ู€ู€ูˆูŠ ูุนู„ู€ู€ู‡ ูˆ ู„ูƒู†ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ ู†ุนู„ู€ู€ู… ู…ู€ู€ุง ุณู€ู€ุชูุนู„ู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู€ู€ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ู† ุนู€ู€ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู„ู€ู€ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุนูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุฒูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุฉ ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ูˆู„ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุชุฑุงูƒู…ู€ู€ุช ุงู„ู‡ู…ู€ู€ูˆู… ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดู€ู€ุงูƒู„ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุชุนุชุจู€ู€ุฑ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุฉ ูุฑูŠู€ู€ุฏุฉ ู…ู€ู€ู† ู†ูˆุนู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุชุงุฑูŠุฎูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุญูŠู€ู€ู† ุฃู† โ€ฌ โ€ซูƒุงู„ ุงู„ุญุงูƒู…ูŠู€ู€ู† ุงุณู€ู€ุชู„ู…ุง ุฒู…ู€ู€ุงู… ุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ูˆุฑ ู…ุคุฎู€ู€ุฑุงโ€ช .โ€ฌุงุณู€ู€ุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุนุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠู€ู€ู† ุจุฏูˆุฑู‡ู€ู€ู… ุถุฌู€ู€ุฑูˆุง ู…ู€ู€ู† ุชุนู†ู€ู€ุช ูˆ ุจุทู€ู€ุด ูˆุธู„ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑูŠ ุงู„ุฒูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุฉ ุจุงู†ุชู‚ู€ู€ุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุฑุบุจุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงุณู€ู€ุชุนุฑุงุถ ุญูƒูˆู…ุชู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ู…ุณู€ู€ุชุจุฏุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌุฃุฑู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ุบุถู€ู€ุจ ุงู„ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑูŠ ู…ู€ู€ุง ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุฅุงู„โ€ฌ โ€ซู‚ูˆุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุนุงู„ู‚ุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ู…ู‡ูŠู…ู†ู€ู€ุฉ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุฌู€ู€ุฑุฏ ุฑุฏ ูุนู€ู€ู„ ุทุจูŠุนู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุดู€ู€ุนุจ ุณู€ู€ู„ุจุช ุญู‚ูˆู‚ู€ู€ู‡ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰โ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู„ุดู€ู€ุงุฑุน ุงู„ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑูŠ ุฃุงู„ ูŠุฑุถู€ู€ุฎ ู„ู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงุฃู„ูู€ู€ูƒุงุฑ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชุฏุนู€ู€ูˆ ุจู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ู†ูŠู† ูˆุฎุตูˆุตู€ู€ุง ู…ู†ู€ู€ุฐ ุชูˆู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุณู€ู€ูŠ ู‚ูŠู€ู€ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจู€ู€ุงุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุณู€ู€ุงุฆู„ ุงุงู„ุนู€ู€ุงู… ูˆุฃูู€ู€ูˆุงู‡ ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠู€ู€ุฌโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆูู€ู€ูŠ ุญูŠู€ู€ู† ุฃุดู€ู€ุงุฏุช ุฅู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุณู€ู€ุชู†ู‚ุน ุงู„ูุณู€ู€ุงุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชุนู†ู€ู€ุชโ€ช .โ€ฌู„ูŠู€ู€ุณ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠู€ู€ูˆู† ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู‚ูŠู€ู€ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุจุฌู‡ู€ู€ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ู„ู€ู€ูƒ ูˆุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุญูู€ู€ุธ ุฃู…ู€ู€ู† ูŠุณุชุณู€ู€ู„ู…ูˆู† ู„ุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ู€ู€ุน ูˆูŠู†ุฎุฏุนู€ู€ูˆู† ุจุณู€ู€ู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ูˆุฃูƒุจู€ู€ุฑ ุฏู„ูŠู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุณู€ู€ู„ู… ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฃู‡ู€ู€ุฏุช ุฌุงู…ุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงุฃู„ุฒู‡ู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุณู€ู€ุงู… ุงู„ุฏูƒุชู€ู€ูˆุฑุงู‡ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฐู„ู€ู€ูƒ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ู†ุฒูˆู„ู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุงุฑุน ู…ู€ู€ุฑุฉ ุงุฎู€ู€ุฑู‰ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุฌู…ุนู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ูุฎุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ู„ู„ู…ู„ู€ู€ูƒโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆุงู„ ู†ู†ุณู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู‡ู€ู€ุฏุงุช ุงุงู„ู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ู…ูˆูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงุฃู„ุฑุถ ูˆุนูŠู€ู€ุฏ ุชุญุฑูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุณู€ู€ูŠู†ุงุก ุฑุบู€ู€ู… ุงุงู„ุนุชู‚ู€ู€ุงุงู„ุช ุงู„ุนุดู€ู€ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุดู€ู€ุชู…ู„ุฉ ุชุณู€ู€ู„ูŠู… ุฌุฒูŠุฑุชู€ู€ูŠ ุชูŠู€ู€ุฑุงู† ูˆุตู†ุงููŠู€ู€ุฑ ู„ู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒู€ู€ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ุณู€ู€ุจู‚ุช ุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠู€ู€ู† ูˆุฑุบู€ู€ู… ู‚ู€ู€ูˆุงุช ุงุฃู„ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ูƒุณู€ู€ุช ุดู€ู€ูˆุงุฑุนโ€ฌ โ€ซูƒุงู† ู…ู€ู€ู† ุดู€ู€ุงู†ู‡ุง ุฅู†ุดู€ู€ุงุก ุงู„ุฒูˆุจุนู€ู€ุฉ ุงุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ู€ู€ุฑุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุชู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ูุชู€ู€ุฑุฉโ€ช.. .โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฌุฒูŠุฑุชู€ู€ุงู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ุดู€ู€ุฑู‚ ุณู€ู€ุงุญู„ ุณู€ู€ูŠู†ุงุก ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ู…ุฏุฎู€ู€ู„โ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุฎู„ูŠู€ู€ุฌ ุงู„ุนู‚ุจู€ู€ุฉ ุงุงู„ุณู€ู€ุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠโ€ช .โ€ฌุชูŠู€ู€ุฑุงู† ูˆ ุตู†ุงููŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฑุบู€ู€ู… ูƒูˆู†ู‡ู…ู€ู€ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู…ุฃู‡ูˆู„ุชูŠู€ู€ู† ุจุงู„ุณู€ู€ูƒุงู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌู„ุทุงู„ู…ู€ู€ุง ูƒุงู†ุชู€ู€ุง ู…ุตู€ู€ุฏุฑ ู‚ู„ู€ู€ู‚โ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุฃู‡ู…ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฅู„ุณู€ู€ุฑุงุฆูŠู„ ูˆู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ูˆุงู„ุณู€ู€ุนูˆุฏูŠุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌุชุงุฑูŠุฎูŠู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุชุญูƒู…ู€ู€ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฅู„ู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆู…ุงู†ูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุชูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู…ู†ู€ู€ุฐ ุณู€ู€ู‚ูˆุทู‡ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุชูˆู„ู€ู€ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ุฃู…ู€ู€ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฌู€ู€ุฒุฑ ุชุญู€ู€ุช ุฅุดู€ู€ุฑุงู ุงู„ุนุซู…ุงู†ูŠูŠู€ู€ู† ุญุชู€ู€ู‰ ุนู‡ู€ู€ุฏโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชูฅโ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซุณูŠุงุณุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุตู€ู€ุฑโ€ช ...โ€ฌุฃู… ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุจู‚ู€ู€ูˆุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุฌุชู…ุนู‡ู€ู€ุง ูˆุฅุตู€ู€ุฑุงุฑ ุดู€ู€ุนุจู‡ุง ูˆู†ุจุงู‡ู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู‚ุงุฏุชู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุชุจู‡ุฑู†ู€ู€ุง ุฏูˆู…ู€ู€ุง ุจู‚ ู€ุฑุงุฑุงุช ูˆุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุบุฑูŠุจู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูƒุงู† ุขุฎุฑู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ุชู†ู€ู€ุงุฒู„ ุนู€ู€ู† ุฌุฒูŠุฑุชู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุชูŠู€ู€ุฑุงู† ูˆุตู†ุงููŠู€ู€ุฑ ู„ู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุณู€ู€ุนูˆุฏูŠุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูุจู…ุฌู€ู€ุฑุฏ ุฃู† ุชูˆู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠู€ู€ุณโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุณูŠุณู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุญูƒู€ู€ู…โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุญู€ู€ุฑุต ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฅุฑุถู€ู€ุงุกโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃู‡ู€ู€ู… ุงู„ู€ู€ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ู‡ูŠู…ู†ู€ู€ุฉ ุฏุจู„ูˆู…ุงุณู€ู€ูŠุงโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุณู€ู€ูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ู€ู€ุช ุญู„ูŠูู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูˆ ู…ุนุงุฏูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆุฃุญู€ู€ุจ ุฃู† ุฃู†ู€ู€ูˆู‡ ู‡ู†ู€ู€ุง ุฃู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุฑุฆูŠู€ู€ุณ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูŠุชุจู€ู€ุน ู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ู…ุฌู€ู€ุฑุฏ ุชูˆุงุคู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุงู…ูŠูƒูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุถู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุฑุงู‡ู€ู€ู†โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู…ุตู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุฏูˆู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุถุนูŠูู€ู€ุฉ ุฏุจู„ูˆู…ุงุณู€ู€ูŠุง ุงู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุญู€ู€ุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู„ุญู€ู€ูˆุธโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ู€ู€ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุฅู†ู€ู€ู‡ ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุทุจูŠุนู€ู€ูŠ ุฃู† ุชู†ุตู€ู€ุงุน ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ู„ุฏุจู„ูˆู…ุงุณู€ู€ูŠุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู€ู€ู† ู‡ู€ู€ู… ุฃู‚ู€ู€ูˆู‰ ู…ู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุฑู‚โ€ฌ โ€ซุงุงู„ูˆุณู€ู€ุทโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ู…ู€ู€ู† ุฑุฃูŠู€ู€ูŠ ู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ูŠู†ุตู€ู€ุจโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุตู„ุญู€ู€ุฉ ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑ ุฅุฐ ุฃู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุจุญุงุฌู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุชุฃุฒู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุฏุนู€ู€ู… ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠ ูˆุงู‚ุชุตู€ู€ุงุฏูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุธู€ู€ู„ ุงุถู…ุญู€ู€ุงู„ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงู†ุชุดู€ู€ุงุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ู€ู€ู ุงุฃู„ูˆุจุฆู€ู€ุฉ ุงุงู„ู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซููŠู‡ู€ู€ุงโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆู‡ู†ู€ู€ุง ูŠุฃุชู€ู€ูŠ ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุณู€ู€ุนูˆุฏูŠุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุฐุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ู†ุธูˆู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ูŠู…ู†ู€ู€ุฉ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎูŠู€ู€ุง ูˆุนุณู€ู€ูƒุฑูŠุงโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุณูŠุงุณู€ู€ูŠุงโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆูƒุงู† ุฌู€ู€ู„ ู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฉ ุฒูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ู„ู€ู€ูƒ ุณู€ู€ู„ู…ุงู† ู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุณู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุถู€ู€ูŠโ€ช .โ€ฌูˆู‚ู€ู€ุฏ ุชุชุฑุชู€ู€ุจ ุนู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซู‡ู€ู€ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒูŠู€ู€ุงุฑุฉ ู‚ ู€ุฑุงุฑุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุฑุฏูˆุฏ ุฃูุนู€ู€ุงู„โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุฎุชู„ูู€ู€ุฉ ูŠุฌู€ู€ุฏุฑ ุฃู† ุชุฐูƒู€ู€ุฑ ุฃู„ู†ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃุฏุชโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุณู€ู€ูˆู ุชู€ู€ุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุชุตุนูŠู€ู€ุฏุงุช ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุงุฑุน ุงู„ู…ุตู€ู€ุฑูŠโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซุณโ€ฌ โ€ซู„โ€ฌ โ€ซู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู†โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชsโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชvโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุฅู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซุง ู„ู…ุตุฑ ูŠ ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู†ุนโ€ฌ โ€ซู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุงโ€ฌ โ€ซู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุฃโ€ฌ โ€ซุญู…ุฏโ€ฌ

โ€ซุฃุดุฑูโ€ฌ


โ€ซุฑุฆูŠุณ ุงู„ุชุญุฑูŠุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุญู…ุฏ ุฃุดุฑู ุญุณู†โ€ฌ

โ€ซุงู„ู…ู†ุณู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู„ูŠู†ู‡ ุญุณูŠู†โ€ฌ

โ€ซู…ุฏูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุญุฑูŠุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู…ู†ูŠุฉ ูุฑุงุฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซุงู„ู…ู†ุณู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุฌูˆู† ุนุฌูŠุจโ€ฌ โ€ซุณุงุฑุฉ ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ุฏูŠู†โ€ฌ

โ€ซู…ุณู€ู€ุงุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฏูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุญุฑูŠุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃุณูŠู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุญุฑุฑุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุณุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุจุดูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุงุณู…ูŠู† ุจูˆู‚ุฑุดโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุฑุงุฏ ุฏุจูˆุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซู†ุฏู‰ ู†ุจูŠู„โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุฑุงุฌุนูˆุง ุงู„ู„ุบุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู‡ู†ุฏ ุงู„ุทู†ุทุงูˆูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ูŠุฑู†ุง ุณุนุฏโ€ฌ โ€ซูŠุงุณู…ูŠู† ุจูˆู‚ุฑุดโ€ฌ

โ€ซู„ู…ู€ู€ุงุฐุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุญุจโ€ฌ โ€ซู†ูุณู€ู€ูƒ ู…ู‡ู…ุง ูˆุตู…ู‡ุงโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุŸโ€ฌ

โ€ซู…ุณุชุดู€ู€ุงุฑ ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณโ€ฌ โ€ซุฑุงู…ูŠ ุนู„ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุฏูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูˆุฌุณุชูŠุงุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุญู…ุฏ ุงุณู…ุงุนูŠู„โ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุฏูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุณูˆูŠู‚โ€ฌ โ€ซุฏู†ูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจูŠโ€ฌ

โ€ซุงุฃู„ุญู…ุฑ ู„ู€ู€ู… ูŠุนุฏ ูŠู„ูŠู‚ ุจูƒโ€ฌ

โ€ซุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู†ุดุฑโ€ฌ

โ€ซุฌู…ูŠู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุตู€ู€ูˆุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฑุณู€ู€ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู…ุฐูƒู€ู€ูˆุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฅู…ู€ู€ุง ู…ุณู€ู€ุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุจุชุตุฑูŠู€ู€ุญ ู…ู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุตุงุญุจู‡ู€ู€ุง ุฃูˆ ู…ุฑุฎุตู€ู€ุฉ ู„ุฅู„ุณู€ู€ุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุชุฌู€ู€ุงุฑูŠ ุฃูˆ ู…ู„ู€ู€ูƒ ู„ุดู€ู€ุฑูƒุฉ โ€ชBaseetta Mediaโ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซุชู†ูˆ ูŠู‡โ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ช AUC Timesโ€ฌู…ุฌู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุทุงู„ุจูŠุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌุงูŠ ุขุฑุงุก ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ุฉ ุชู…ุซู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ูƒุงุชุจโ€ช/โ€ฌุงู„ูƒุงุชุจุฉ ูู‚ุทโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„โ€ฌ โ€ซุชุนูƒู€ู€ุณ ุขุฑุงุก ูุฑูŠู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ุชุญุฑูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฃู„ู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซุจู„ุณู€ู€ู†ุชููŠู„ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ุณู€ู€ุชูŠุฌู…ุง ุงุงู„ุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชูขู  ูกูค ูกู โ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซูƒู„ู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุงู„ุชุญุฑูŠุฑโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ูˆุตู€ู€ู… ู…ู€ู€ุง ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงุงู„ ุฃุฏุง ูุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ูŠู€ู€ุฏ ุงู„ุธุงู„ู€ู€ู…ุ› ูˆุณู€ู€ูŠู„ุฉ ุชุณู€ู€ุชุฎุฏู… ุฅู„ุณู€ู€ูƒุงุช ุฃุตู€ู€ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณู€ู€ุชุถุนููŠู† ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณู€ู€ู…ูˆุนูŠู†โ€ชุŒโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุชูƒุชูŠู€ู€ูƒ ู„ู†ู€ู€ุฒุน ุดู€ู€ุฑุนูŠุฉ ุตูŠุญู€ู€ุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุณู€ู€ุท ูŠุฎู„ู€ู€ู‚ ู…ู€ู€ู† ุงุฌู€ู€ู„ ุชุฎูˆูŠู€ู€ู ู…ู€ู€ู† ูŠู†ุดู€ู€ู‚ ูˆูŠุชู…ู€ู€ุฑุฏโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูุงู„ูˆุตู€ู€ู… ู…ู€ู€ุง ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุงุงู„ ูˆุณู€ู€ูŠู„ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซู…ู†ู‡ุฌูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุชุฌุนู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆู ุดู€ู€ูŠุฆุง ู‹ ุฐุงุชูŠู€ุง ู‹ ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠู€ุง ู‹ ูŠู€ู€ุงุฒู… ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ู€ู€ู ุญูŠู†ู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠููƒู€ู€ุฑ ูู‚ู€ู€ุท ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงุฎุชุงู„ูู€ู€ู‡ ู†ุงู‡ูŠู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุนู†ู€ู€ู‡โ€ช .โ€ฌูุงู„ูˆุตู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซูŒโ€ฌ โ€ซุงุฐุง ู‹โ€ฌ โ€ซุนู†ู€ู€ู ูˆุฅุฑู‡ู€ู€ุงุจโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซููู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ู€ู€ุน ูŠู†ุดู€ู€ุฑ ุฎุทุงุจู€ู€ู‡ ุงู„ุฎู€ู€ูˆูโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌุงู„ุงู„ุชุณู€ู€ุงู…ุญ ูˆุงู„ุนู†ู€ู€ูโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูŠูุตุจู€ู€ุญ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠู€ู€ุง ู‹ ุฃู† ู†ุชุญู€ู€ุฏุซ ุนู€ู€ู† ุงู„ูˆุตู€ู€ู… ุจู€ู€ูƒู„ ุตู€ู€ูˆุฑู‡โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซูุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุชู€ู€ู… ูˆุตู€ู€ู… ุงู„ุญุฑูŠู€ู€ุงุชโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ุชุนุจูŠู€ู€ุฑ ุนู€ู€ู† ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐุงุช ูˆุงุงู„ุฎุชู€ู€ุงูโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูŠุตุจู€ู€ุญ ุชููƒูŠู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ุทู€ู€ุฑู‚ ุงู„ุชู€ู€ูŠ ูŠุนู…ู€ู€ู„ ุจู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ูˆุตู€ู€ู… ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆุงุฌุจู€ู€ุง ู‹ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู†ุณู€ู€ุงู† ุญู€ู€ุฑโ€ช .โ€ฌูู‡ู€ู€ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุญู€ู€ุซ ูˆุงู„ุชููƒูŠู€ู€ูƒ ู‡ู€ู€ูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ุฎุทู€ู€ูˆุฉ ู†ุญู€ู€ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุจู€ู€ูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ุชุณู€ู€ุงู…ุญโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซูู€ู€ุง ูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุฃู† ุชูˆุตู€ู€ู… ุงู„ู…ู€ู€ุฑุฃุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ุชู…ู€ู€ุงุฑุณ ุญู‚ู‡ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ูŠ ู…ู„ูƒูŠู€ู€ุฉ ุฌุณู€ู€ุฏู‡ุงโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ ุงู„ุฑุฌู€ู€ู„ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ุงู„ ูŠุทุงุจู€ู€ู‚ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠู€ู€ูโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู€ู€ูŠ ู„ู„ุฐูƒูˆุฑูŠู€ู€ุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูˆุงู„ ุงู„ุดู€ู€ุงุจ ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูŠู†ู€ู€ุงุฏูŠ ุจุงู„ุนุฏุงู„ู€ู€ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณู€ู€ุงูˆุงุฉโ€ช .โ€ฌูู€ู€ุง ูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุฃู† ูŠุฎู€ู€ุงู ุงู„ู†ู€ู€ุงุณ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดู€ู€ุฉ ุตุญุชู‡ู€ู€ู…โ€ฌ โ€ซุดู€ู€ูŠุก ู…ุฎู€ู€ุฒูŠ ูˆุงู„ ุงู„ู…ู€ู€ุฑุถ ุงู„ู†ูุณู€ู€ูŠ ู…ุญุธู€ู€ูˆุฑโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู†ูุณู€ู€ูŠุฉโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูู€ู€ุง ุงุงู„ูƒุชุฆู€ู€ุงุจโ€ฌ โ€ซูŒโ€ฌ โ€ซูˆูƒุฌู€ู€ุฒุก ู…ู€ู€ู† ูˆุงุฌู€ู€ุจ ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ู€ู€ุฉ ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠู€ู€ุซ ุนู€ู€ู† ุงู„ูˆุตู€ู€ู… ูˆุชููƒูŠูƒู€ู€ู‡โ€ช ุŒโ€ฌูŠู‡ู€ู€ุฏู ุงู„ุนู€ู€ุฏุฏ ุงุฃู„ุฎูŠู€ู€ุฑ ูู€ู€ูŠ ู†ุตู€ู€ู ุงู„ุฑุจูŠู€ู€ุน โ€ช2016โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุนุทู€ู€ุงุก ุงู„ู‚ู€ู€ุฑุงุก ุงุฃู„ุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฆูŠู€ู€ุฉ ูƒู€ู€ูŠ ูŠุจุฏุฆู€ู€ูˆุง ุฑุญู„ู€ู€ุฉ ุชููƒูŠู€ู€ูƒ ุงู„ูˆุตู€ู€ู… ูˆู…ุนุฑูู€ู€ุฉ ู…ุณู€ู€ุงูˆุฆู‡โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซู…ุญู…ุฏ ุฃุดุฑู ุญุณู†โ€ฌ

โ€ซุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุชโ€ฌ

โ€ซุณู„ู…ุงู† โ€ช vsโ€ฌุงุฅู„ุฑุงุฏุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠุฉโ€ฌ

โ€ซูˆุซุงุฆู‚ ุจู†ู…ุงโ€ช...โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซุฃูˆุฑุงู‚ ุฃุซุงุฑุช ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…โ€ฌ

โ€ซุฃู† ุชูƒู€ู€ูˆู† ููŠ ุจุงู„ุฏ ุงู„ุฎูˆูโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชู ูจ ู ูฆ ู ูคโ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซโ€œู‚ู€ู€ูˆุฉ ุงู„ูˆุตู€ู€ู… ุชูƒู…ู€ู€ู† ูู€ู€ูŠ ุงู„ุตู…ู€ู€ุชโ€ช .โ€ฌุงู„ุตู…ู€ู€ุช ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูŠุณู€ู€ูˆุฏ ูู€ู€ูŠโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ูˆู‚ู€ู€ุช ุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌู€ู€ุจ ุฃู† ูŠุณู€ู€ูˆุฏู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ู€ู€ุงุด ูˆุงุฃู„ูุนู€ู€ุงู„โ€ช .โ€ฌุงู„ุตู…ู€ู€ุชโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู€ู€ุฐูŠ ูŠููู€ู€ุฑุถ ุนู„ู€ู€ู‰ ุงุขู„ุฎู€ู€ุฑ ุนู†ุฏู…ู€ู€ุง ูŠุญู€ู€ุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ูŠุฌู‡ู€ู€ุฑ ุจู…ู†ุงู‚ุดู€ู€ุฉโ€ฌ โ€ซุงู„ู…ุญุธู€ู€ูˆุฑโ€ช ุŒโ€ฌููŠุชู€ู€ู… ุชุตู†ูŠูู‡ู€ู€ู… ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉู ุชุฌุจุฑู‡ู€ู€ู… ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ู€ู€ูˆุง ุตุงู…ุชูŠู€ู€ู†โ€ฌ โ€ซุงูˆ ุชุฌุนู„ู‡ู€ู€ู… ุบูŠู€ู€ุฑ ู…ุณู€ู€ู…ูˆุนูŠู†โ€โ€ฌ โ€ซู…โ€ช.โ€ฌุจโ€ช .โ€ฌุฏุงู„ูˆุดูŠูˆโ€ฌ โ€ซ โ€ฌ

โ€ซู…ุงูŠูˆ โ€ชูขู ูกูฆโ€ฌโ€ฌ


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