KEY TAKEAWAYS •
DNA replication involves making a copy of DNA that will be passed to daughter cells. There are a number of enzymes required.
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Transcription involves the making of messenger RNA from a DNA template, involving RNA polymerase and other enzymes.
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Transcription takes place in the ribosomes and involves the taking of the genetic code, turning the code into a specific polypeptide chain.
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In prokaryotes, transcription and translation happens at the same time and in roughly the same place.
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Gene regulation is different between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The best studied operons in microbiology are the lac operon and the trp operon.
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Genetic diversity can happen with transduction, transposition, conjugation, and transformation. Transposition can happen in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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