molecules together will cause vomiting, diarrhea, and coughing, which help to get rid of pathogens from the body. Some cytokines will trigger the production and release of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins increase the body temperature, which increases white blood cell activity and blocks the growth of bacteria. Bradykinin can be released as well, which causes tissue edema in an area of infection.
CELLULAR DEFENSE There are many cells that contribute to the immune response. All cells in the bloodstream are made in the bone marrow by stem cells in the differentiation process called hematopoiesis. Most stem cells make red blood cells but there are others that make platelets, lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, and eosinophils. Monocytes further differentiate into dendritic cells and macrophages. Lymphocytes further differentiate into natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes, which later mature to become plasma cells. Figure 52 shows the hematopoietic process:
Figure 52.
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