Become a
Licensed Driver Driver's License Exam Audio Crash Course
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Table of Contents DMV Offices and Permit Age
3
Required Vehicle Equipment
5
Child Restraint Systems
6
Traffic Control Devices: Lights
7
Traffic Control Devices: Signs
8
Intersections and Turning
10
Roundabouts
11
Pavement Markings
11
Traffic Law Terminology
12
Moving Violations
14
Traffic Stop Behavior
14
On-Board Emergencies
15
Final Exam
16
Final Exam Answer Key
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Please Remember Laws and websites change routinely, especially at government agencies. Links and numbers in both this guide and the course are current as of the time of the course creation. Always confirm that your information is up to date.
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State by State Motor Vehicle Department Links The listings below are the most current links available to state motor vehicle offices. As always, government agencies can change contact links and regulations unexpectedly. Always check to be sure you have the most current information. Numbers shown in the chart indicate the earliest age at which an applicant can obtain a learner’s permit. As an applicant gets older (but younger than 18) requirements may vary depending on the state. Special requirements over and above a written test are shown. Alaska
http://doa.alaska.gov/dmv/akol/index.htm
14 Good for two years
Arkansas
www.dfa.arkansas.gov/driver-services/
14
Arizona
https://www.azdot.gov/motor-vehicles/driver-services
15 1/2 Good for one year
Alabama
https://revenue.alabama.gov/motor-vehicle/
15
California
https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv
15 1/2 Driver Ed
Colorado
https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/dmv/drivers
15 Driver Ed
Connecticut
https://www.ct.gov/dmv/site/default.asp
16
Delaware
https://www.dmv.de.gov
16 Driver Ed
Florida
https://www.flhsmv.gov
15 Substance Abuse Written Test
Georgia
https://dds.georgia.gov
15
Hawaii
http://hidot.hawaii.gov/highways/library/motor-vehiclesafety-office/
15 1/2 Good for two years
Idaho
https://itd.idaho.gov/itddmv/
14 1/2 Good to age 18
Illinois
https://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/departments/drivers/ drivers_license/drlicid.html
15 Driver Ed
Indiana
https://www.in.gov/bmv/index.htm
15 Driver Ed
Iowa
https://www.iowadot.gov/mvd
14
Kansas
https://www.ksrevenue.org/dovlicenses.html
14 Written test OR Driver Ed
Kentucky
https://drive.ky.gov/Pages/default.aspx
16 Hold 180 days before license
Louisiana
https://www.expresslane.org/Pages/default.aspx
15 Driver Ed
Maine
https://www.maine.gov/sos/bmv/
15 Driver Ed
Maryland
http://www.mva.maryland.gov
16 Driver Ed Hold for 9 mos.
Massachusetts
https://www.mass.gov/orgs/massachusetts-registry-ofmotor-vehicles
16 Driver Ed Valid two years
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State by State Listing of DMV continued.
Michigan
https://www.michigan.gov/sos/0,4670,7-127-1627--,00.html
14 yrs. 9 mos. Some Driver Ed
Minnesota
https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/dvs/Pages/default.aspx
15 Driver Ed Valid two years
Mississippi
https://www.ms.gov/dps/license_renewal/
14 Must use Driver Ed vehicle
Missouri
https://dor.mo.gov/drivers/
15 Driving hrs. w/ experienced driver
Montana
https://dojmt.gov/driving/driverservices/
14 1/2 Driver Ed
Nebraska
https://dmv.nebraska.gov
15 or 14 1/2 to or from school only
Nevada
http://dmvnv.com/nvdlteens.htm
15 1/2 Valid one year
New Hampshire
https://www.nh.gov/safety/divisions/dmv/index.htm
15 1/2 Driver Ed
New Jersey
https://www.state.nj.us/mvc/
16 Supervised driving time
New Mexico
http://www.mvd.newmexico.gov
15 Driver Ed
New York
https://dmv.ny.gov
16
North Carolina
https://www.ncdot.gov/dmv/Pages/default.aspx
15 Driver Ed
North Dakota
https://www.dot.nd.gov/divisions/driverslicense/ driver.htm
14 Driver Ed
Ohio
https://www.bmv.ohio.gov/driver-license.aspx
15 1/2
Oklahoma
https://www.ok.gov/dps/
15 1/2
Oregon
https://www.oregon.gov/odot/dmv/pages/index.aspx
15
Pennsylvania
https://www.dmv.pa.gov/Pages/default.aspx
16 Physical Exam
Rhode Island
http://www.dmv.ri.gov/licenses/
16 Driver Ed
South Carolina
http://scdmvonline.com
15 Hold 180 days before license
South Dakota
https://dps.sd.gov/driver-licensing
14 Written test OR Driver Ed
Tennessee
https://www.tn.gov/safety/driver-services.html
15 Proof of school enrollment
Texas
https://www.dps.texas.gov/DriverLicense/
15 Driver Ed
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State by State Listing of DMV continued.
Utah
https://dld.utah.gov
15
Vermont
https://dmv.vermont.gov/licenses
15
Virginia
https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/#/
15 1/2 Driver Ed Two-part test
Washington
https://www.dol.wa.gov
15 Driver Ed
West Virginia
https://transportation.wv.gov/dmv/Pages/default.aspx
15 Expires at age 18
Wyoming
http://www.dot.state.wy.us/driverservices
15 Hold ten days before license
Washington DC
https://dmv.dc.gov
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Required Equipment for Road Worthy Vehicles Check your state manual for variations from this list.
Headlights : Needed for night driving or poor visibility. Used to see and to be seen. Both lights must be operational. Brake Lights (tail lights): Must light when headlights are turned on and when brake pedal is depressed. Windshield: No large cracks or dings. No stickers that obstruct view. Tinted Glass: Tinting must meet state specifications. Brakes: All vehicles require working brakes that work on at least two wheels (or all four) when pedal is pressed. Wipers: Windshield wipers must be operational. Swap out worn or torn wiper blades. Horn: Must be working and audible from 200 feet away (or your state’s specific number). Tires: Must be in good condition. Properly inflated with no excessive wear (treads). No damage on sidewalls. Wheel covers should be secure as well as all lug nuts. Muffler/Exhaust System: No holes—prevents noise and carbon monoxide leaks. Check your state to see if muffler cut-outs or bypass allowed. Many states have emissions testing to ensure exhaust emits less than the maximum allowed for pollutants. Emergency Flashers: Must light and blink when activated. Parking/Emergency Brake: Must be able to stop vehicle or hold it still on an incline. Foot or hand activated. License Plates: Vehicle must have plates securely attached. Use only plates registered to a vehicle. Gas Cap: Must fit snugly and make a tight seal. Seatbelts: No torn/frayed belts. Buckle assemblies must work. Older vehicles (state specifies date) may be exempt.
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General Guidelines for Child Restraint Systems (Car seats) As always, check your state requirements for additional information or numbers that are different from what is shown here. Be familiar with these numbers even if you do not have children. You never know when you may be transporting younger passengers.
Infant to 1 year old
Weight up to 20 pounds
Approved car seat placed in rear (or middle mini-van) seat. Child seat should be facing the rear.
Toddler 1-5 years old
Weight 20—40 pounds
Approved car seat placed in the back (or middle minivan) seat. Car seat should face forward.
Child 5—8 years old
Weight at 40—80 pounds
Approved booster seat used along with standard seatbelts.
8 years old and up **
Weight over 80 pounds
Standard seatbelts. Do not sit in front seat unless it is unavoidable.
**Check to see if your state has minimum height restrictions for seatbelt use. Age and weight may not matter if height restrictions are not met.
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Traffic Control Devices: Lights Red means STOP. Remain stopped until the light changes. Remember that, by law you may still be “in motion.” Do not use cell phone or other devices. Do not block crosswalks or intersections.
Yellow means that signal is about to turn red. Slow and stop unless too far into intersection or driver behind you is too close and cannot (or will not) stop behind you. Never try to “beat the light.”
Green means GO. Always check to be sure your path is clear after the light has turned green. Drivers traveling in other directions may be trying to “beat the light.”
Treat flashing red as a stop sign.
Stop for direction of arrow.
Flashing—Use caution and yield to other traffic before turn in direction of arrow.
Flashing yellow. Use caution. Proceed when safe. Yield to other traffic.
Solid—Arrow about to turn red. OK to turn in the indicated direction if safe to do so.
Light Combinations on Pedestrian Activated Signals When you see a flashing yellow light, slow down. A pedestrian has probably activated the signal. With a solid yellow light, slow down and prepare to stop. Pedestrians will be crossing. With a solid red light, stop. You should see pedestrians crossing in the cross walk. With flashing red lights, proceed only if the path is clear. Pedestrians have just crossed. If no lights are lit, proceed with caution. Watch for pedestrians approaching the cross walk. 7
Traffic Control Devices: Signs Rectangular Signs Regulate Traffic
Diamond Shaped Black on Yellow Signs Give Warnings
Diamond Shaped Black on Orange Give Warnings in Work Zones Unique Shaped Signs
Rail Crossings
Yield
8
More Traffic Control Devices
9
Intersections and Turning
General Guidelines for Turning Left Turns— Always yield to oncoming traffic unless you have a green arrow. Make sure to signal four seconds before turning. Never change lanes in the middle of a turn. Pull just short of the center of the intersection to allow other drivers to turn. Slow down well in advance of a turn to allow for a gradual turning move. Do not sit behind the stop line when waiting to turn; you are blocking traffic. Always check your blind spots when turning. Be aware of lane reductions on the street that you plan to enter. Right Turns— Stay to the right side of the road unless using another turning lane. Never drift wide to make a right turn; you may veer into the path of other drivers.
Left Turns One-Way Street to One-Way Street
One-Way Street to Two-Way
Two-Way Street to One-Way
Approach along left side of road/curb. Approach along left side of road/curb. Approach in lane closest to center line in the road. Signal. Signal; turn into far-left lane of new Signal; turn into lane closest to center road. line of the new road. Turn into far-left lane of new road. Match your old lane to new if using a turning lane that is not on the far-left side.
Match old lane to new lane if using a turning lane.
Left turn on red MAY be allowed.
If starting in a turning lane, match your lane with the lane on your new road. NO left on red option.
Special “Two-Way Left” Center Lanes Found on busier multi-lane roads Double yellow lines on both sides of the lane. Inner lines broken/Outer lines solid. Painted left-pointing arrows from both directions. Signal and pull completely into the lane for a left turn. Watch for oncoming traffic. Signal and turn. When pulling out from a driveway or business, pull into two way left lane. Get up to speed. signal. and enter traffic flow. DO NOT use a two-way left lane to pass or for normal travel. 10
General Guidelines for Roundabouts Always yield to traffic within a roundabout. Normal approach speed is 15 to 20 mph. Higher speed at larger rotaries. Watch for pavement markings and signs to help you find your exit. If you miss your exit, proceed around circle and take exit on next pass. Yield to pedestrians and cyclists within the roundabout. Avoid passing larger vehicles in the roundabout. With approaching emergency vehicles, pull to the right or take the first exit. The center island in a roundabout should always be on your left.
Pavement Markings
Traffic moves in same direction. No Pass.
Traffic moves in same direction. Pass OK.
Turning Lanes Only turn in designated directions Turn into lane that matches lane you just left.
Two-way traffic. No passing.
Two-way traffic. Passing OK.
Two-way traffic. Passing OK if dashed line on your side.
HOV Lane High Occupancy Vehicle Usually Monday—Friday rush hour. 2 plus occupants w/driver. Hybrids/electric cars. Buses/taxis/limos/tow trucks Emergency Vehicles 11
Two-Way Left Center Lane Use only for left turns. No use for passing. No regular travel.
Common Terminology Related to Traffic Laws and Penalties Moving Violation occurs when you break a law while your vehicle is in motion. In some states, if you are stopped at an intersection but your vehicle is in drive, you are in motion. Paperwork Violation occurs when your paperwork does not meet state requirements. License, registration, or insurance not current or in compliance with the law. Equipment Violation occurs when you have faulty equipment on your vehicle. Most states require
certain equipment and safety systems on vehicles to always be functional. Warning Sometimes when you are stopped by law enforcement, you may not incur a fine. The officer might explain why you were stopped and inform you what you need to do to correct the problem. -B-A-C– Blood alcohol content or blood alcohol concentration. -B-A-C- expresses the percent of alcohol found in your system. Adult maximum 0.08% - Commercial Driver 0.04% -D-U-I- Driving Under the Influence. Driver is found to be driving while under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Other names for -D-U-I- are -O-U-I- operating under the influence, and -D-W-Idriving while intoxicated. Loss of Driving Privileges is when you are ordered not to drive because of an infraction you have committed. Under Suspension You lose your driving privileges but retain your physical license. When your time of suspension is complete, you may have to undergo a review of your driving record or pay
reinstatement costs before you can resume driving.
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Important Terminology continued Revocation is more serious than suspension. You lose your driving privileges and your physical license. When your revocation period is over, you will incur reinstatement fees and a review of your driving record. You may need to go through the entire licensing process again before you can drive. That includes undergoing new vision and road tests. Hardship License. Available to some drivers whose licenses are under suspension or
revocation. You can drive to and from work, doctor appointments, and other events critical to your daily living. Primary Law. A law for which you can be stopped if you violate it. In other words, if law enforcement observes you running a stop sign, you can be pulled over. Secondary Law. You cannot be stopped for violating a secondary law only. You must have been stopped for breaking a primary law to be pulled over. At that point, if you are found to also have violated a secondary law, you can be cited. Controlled Substance. A substance that is regulated by law. It is often associated with drugs or anything that can affect your health and well being. Implied Consent. When you obtain a driver’s license you agree to undergo drug or alcohol testing. If a law enforcement officer suspects that you are under the influence , they can ask you to submit to a drug or alcohol test. Under the implied consent law, you must submit to testing. Refusing to do so carries penalties.
-I-I-D- or -C-I-I-D– Certified Ignition Interlock Device. This device is installed in vehicles operated by those convicted of -D-U-I-. The -I-I-D- is connected to vehicle ignition and power systems. An operator must blow into the device before starting a vehicle. If traces of alcohol are detected on the driver’s breath, the vehicle will not start. The operator must also blow into the -I-I-D- at random intervals to show there are still no traces of alcohol in the driver’s system.
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