MODU LUS RA PT
RAB ILITY TE D U DERA : MO
RO WN
NGT H
RIC HB
STRE
R: WO OD CO LO U 9 KG /M3 : 51
IT Y
NS
OF
TR
EE
Y ST RON G
OW N
: VER UR
:C RE
AM
BR
D ST REN GTH
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MOIS TUR EC
THER
Y
:5
0m
GRO
: 56 DE A V
LU S
OF
ER
AG
EH
S
AL B
S
AND
AND
S
MATAI
RIMU
KAURI
There have been six different types of wood native to New Zealand that have been researched in this project. This analysis will be used to help make a decision on which tree’s wood, would be best suitable for the parametric wall. The decomposition of the wood of each tree is what has been chosen to be researched further. Here the particular disease that affects the specific tree the most will be chosen and analyzed against the other trees and the one that seems most interesting will be the one that will be chosen to influence the pattern and design of the parametric wall.
ARK
NS
MODU
A
ES: D
IT Y
PINE 8 GP
LEAV
LINE
MINIM
AL B
REDWOOD
TOTARA
BLE
AILA
Y AV
IDEL
Y: W
BILIT
ILA AVA
0 KG /M3
RK BA KY
- LEA
TY:
HIGH
HT
ICI
VERY
EIG
ST
UN
EH
REEN
ING
RATE
AG
MPA
PART OF PINEACEAE FAMILY
ROW
ST G
Y FA
RK G
5 E: 8 UR
CHEAP + SUSTAINABLE OPTION
VER
- DA
KS
WTH
ER
X 1cm
m
EA
CH
IT Y
NS
.3cm
: 0.5
TH
: 56
ES: 2
TR
ICK
LEAV
RS
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LA
MODU LUS RA PT
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S
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DOES NOT DECAY EASILY
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GU
OWN
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E BR
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: IR
UR LO CO OD
CE CAR
USES: ANY WOODEN PURPOSE
Y ST RON G : VER D ST REN GTH WOO
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AGE
CTIV
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REQ
LU
PE
DECAYS MODERATELY IF DAMP
USES: FURNITURE - HOUSE + SHIPS
DECAYS VERY EASILY
LOW RATE WTH GRO
MODU LUS RA PT
GRO
B TH
MODU
PA
F SO
TY
WOO
ED RIC HR RM WA
: 36 IT Y
NS
D RE HT RIG :B UR LO CO OD
WO /M 3 : 61
IT Y
NS
WOO D
NOT D AK : WE NGT H STRE /M3 0 KG
VER NOT
DECAYS VERY EASILY
RK BA
RAB LE
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DUR BUT ING
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m
S: FIN
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KAURI TY:
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AVER
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WG
Y: BILIT
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DECAYS VERY EASILY
FF SO
ABLE
EL PE KAR YB
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m
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ENIS
RING
AK
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GRE
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FL
AGE
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25
RE
PART OF ARAUCARIACEAE FAMILY
OO
0-
FT
LLOW
GRO
D WOO
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TO
- YE
IGH T: H TEN ON
:2
AUC
ITH
NS W
RKE
R DA
IGH
1cm
A
EE
MOIS TUR EC
GOOD FOR LENGTHY STRIPS
OU COL
cm X
AIN
RING
ISTIN
S: D
RING
TR
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GR
WTH
OF
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EL
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ES: 3
OF
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- DA
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GRO
WTH
GRO
EH
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RA
LUS
cm L
: 5m
L
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AG
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:P
TY:
: FIN URE
DE A V
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TEXT
OF
ST
LEAV
D BAN
LE
PE
E
ARC
: SC
ILITY
ILAB
AVA
E CTIV
LEAV
TY
A
LUS
0m
EL
MODU
PA
:6
OF
6 .4 G
TH
OW T: L TEN ON
ILA AVA
W
Y AK
R BA
L
F ICK
AB VAIL
A
K
T
AIN
Y IDEL
RS
DOO
- FLA
LUS
A
TY:
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EL
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EE
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LE IN
ITAB
Y SU
T GR
VEN
MATAI
OF
ST
TR
MOIS TUR EC
PART OF PODOCARPACEAE FAMILY
VERY
MODU LUS RA PT
R:
R:
WO OD CO LO U
USES: OUTDOOR FURNITURE
DD ISH RE
STRE
WO OD CO LO U 0 KG
: 48 IT Y
NS
WOO D
-B
NGT H
RO WN
: WE
EK
USES: MARINE ENVIRONMENT
WOO D
/M3
TH ICK
OF
RIGH
MPA
ISTIN
USES: FURNITURE - FLOORS - FRAMES
HT
G-B
E+E
MODU LUS RA PT
EIG
LON
: FIN
LUS
STEA
M ODU
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LE W
LEAB
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PART OF PRUMNOPITYACEAE FAMILY
MED
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GR
Y: BILIT
MOLOROUS WHEN CUT
MAL
5 -2
URE
M
MOIS TUR EC
ES: 1.
AG
TEXT
: 1.3
HT
PA 6M E: 7 UR
ER
S
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DE A V
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+ MIN
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LUS
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: FIN URE
TEXT
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m
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KS
GOOD FOR LENGTHY STRIPS
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35
REDWOOD TY:
EA
S: O
0-
EN + EV
STRONG ONLY WHEN COMPRESSED
ILE S OIL FERT
:2
ICI
S: D
RY +
UR
E CTIV
ISTIN
S: D
IRES D
ST
: 1.5m
RING
EE
VER
COLO
RING
TR
REEN
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MODU LUS RA PT
OF F LS EE -P BA RK
OF
FT
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LL G
TR
ETER
WTH
HT
- DU
WTH
EIG
ONG
RS
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REQ U
cm L
GRO
WTH
GRO
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ES: 2
AG
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LA
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EL
DE AV
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DE : MO
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6 .4 G
EL
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TY:
OF
EL
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Y ATEL
PART OF CUPRESSACEAE FAMILY
D WOO
LUS
TOTARA
OF
ST
LEAV
MOIS TUR EC
TY
IGH T: H TEN ON
: 3M
PA 3M E: 6 UR
LE
AB VAIL
N
ETER
HT
MODU
LUS
OC
SY T
+ EA
DIAM
AIG
REQUIRED DRY CLIMATE + RICH SOIL
PART OF PODOCARPUS FAMILY
E ARV
MODU
IGHT
T WE
AGE
IL
AVA
MATURE TREES TURN HOLLOW
LIGH
ED LIMIT
TR
EVE
:
ITY ABIL
AVER
:S
AIN
CHOSEN WOOD
E+ : FIN
MOIS TUR EC
PE
GR
URE
A 2MP E: 6 UR
TY
TEXT
IED
HT
AIN
OW T: L TEN ON
N DR
AIG
GR
FINE
TR
OW T: L TEN ON
WHE
:S
TH MOO
E +S
TLE
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+ OTH SMO
: FIN
BRIT
TY
: URE
URE
AIN
T EX T
TEXT
GR
URA
BLE
USES: INTERIOR FINISHINGS - SMALLGOODS
SARC 162 PARAMETRIC WALL PROJECT ONE BY AUSTIN D’SOUZA
PINE
EIG
HT
OF
TR
EE
GRE
:2
EN -
0m
NEED
LE L
IKE
DECOMPOSITION DUE TO INSECT PENETRATION
TOTARA
MATAI
RIMU
Mealybug:
Juniper scale:
Huhu Beetle:
Can be treated using sprayable chemicals such as Verticillium Celanii and Diazinon.
Circular flat armoured insects that attack the wood of a tree and suck all the sap from the wood, leaving the tree dry and weak. Starts off on the surface of the plant and builds up in its’ pores.
Unarmoured scale insects that live in mostly humid and warm climates. They form clusters around the plant and feed on the plant juice, drying it out. Insects tend to start at the leaves, then make their way to the wood.
Huhu beetle is a large bush insect that chews through rimu wood leaving a trail of hollow tunnels. It leaves the wood weak and exposes it to rot and humidity. Starts off eating at the soft wood and then proceeds to the hardwood.
Can be treated by fumigating logs with methyl bromide.
REDWOOD
KAURI
PINE
Borer:
Mealybug:
Black stain root disease:
Tiny insects that chews though timber making holes and tunnels throughout the wood. Starts off at one end and eats at the wood till it comes out the other. Lays eggs that can spread disease rapidly, leaving the wood weak.
CHOSEN WOOD
Can be controlled using chemical sprays but needs to be timed perfectly. Can’t be prevented unless extinction of the disease.
Unarmoured scale insects that live in mostly humid and warm climates. They form clusters around the plant and feed on the plant juice, drying it out. Insects tend to start at the leaves, then make theirway to the wood.
Can be treated using sprayable chemicals as well as stains and liquid that can be injected into holes. Timber treated fully can prevent this disease.
Can be treated using sprayable chemicals such as Verticillium Celanii and Diazinon.
Vascular disease causes extensive black staining of the sapwood. Spread occours through root grafts and contacts. Leads to introduction of bark beetles whicheventually dry the tree of its’ nutrients.
There is no control of this disease, once infected the infected part is useless. Can be prevented by spacing trees far apart at plantation or digging trenches.
The wood that has been chosen to be the material of the parametric wall is the one of the Redwood tree. The most interesting aspect of this case is the borers penetrating the tree’s surface and eating through the tree’s core, leaving the tree damaged and vulnerable.
Key factors research:
Case study:
Further research has been undertaken on key aspects of the of the different woods’ vulnerability.
The study that is being undertaken here is the relationship between temperature changes in the next 50 years and the character of the tree. Here we see what effect the tempreature in 50 years time will have on the tree, and also how much damage the insect has or will have done by then. After this we forecast how the tree might look and what the consequences of the insect are on the chosen wood type.
In-ground Durability
15 10 5 0 Matai
Kauri
Rimu
Redwood
Pine
Wood type In-ground durability (untreated)
Investigation into to durability of the wood in the ground
Temp intensity
Years
20
2
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
0
Temp Intensity
25
Climate + Insect Relation
-2
Totara
Matai
Kauri
Rimu
Redwood
Pine
3m
3m
-4
Totara
Matai
Kauri
Rimu
Redwood
Pine
Weather (1-Cold, 5-Hot)
Insect vulnerability (1-Low, 5-High)
3.5m
Conclusion:
-6 -8
wood type 6
The water then freezes and expands in the tunnels which hold the water deposits. This then widens the tree’s diameter and scales the surface of the tree, deforming it.
These tunnels are then filled with water over time and start to soften and weaken the wood.
The original tunnels that are made from the borers eating through the wood.
Low Temprature changes
High temperature changes
30
Observation: The borers seem to consume the inner wood of the tree rather than the outer wood.
Consequence of low temperatures:
-10
Study shows that the wood from the Redwood tree will expand when exposed to very low temperatures. The water will settle in the tunnels made by the borer bug and when kept at a constant cool temperature the water molecules will freeze and expand, therefore tearing the wood fibres and streching them out.
Wood type Weather (1-Cold, 5-Hot)
Insect vulnerability (1-Low, 5-High)
Severity
5
Observations:
4 3
The study that has been chosen to influence the parametric wall is the one where extream changes that occour at low temperatures are explored. This will be done 50 years into the future and will be recorded to see how it influences the wood and it’s character.
2 1 0 Totara
Matai
Kauri
Rimu
Redwood
There seems to be small triangle-like splinters extruding out from the trunk of the tree, which could possibly be used in the parametric wall design.
Pine
Wood type Weather (1-Cold, 5-Hot)
Insect vulnerability (1-Low, 5-High)
Investigation into the relationship between climate and insect severity
Selection of this study has been done in hope of finding interesting observations that will help aid the extraction of a pattern for the wall. Original
Wood character + Insect relation 6
Severity
5
Water enters the tunnels and freezes over time expanding the tree and shredding the wood.
It has also been observed that the borer bug seems to eat away at the center of the wood, creating interesting forms that radiate outwards.
Change
4 3 2
Expands to 3.5 m in diameter.
1 0 Totara
Matai
Kauri
Rimu
Redwood
wood type Wood Character (1-soft, 5-hard)
Pine
TEMPERATURE DROP OVER NEXT 50 YEARS
Insect vulnerability
Investigation into the relationship between wood character and insect severity
Further research will have to be undertaken to see what the low temperature does to the voids that were created by the borer bug. This will then be extracted along with the other research to obtain a pattern that will be used for the parametric wall.
Water molecules in cold water
Water molecules in ice
Observations from this case study show that the tree does not cope well with low temperatures due to the infiltration of excess water into the tree’s wood fiber. This produces interesting forms and shapes which will be used to influence the parametric wall design pattern.
PATTERN GENERATION INITIAL CONCEPTS: 1
3
2
5
4
The five initial conpects were developed form basic linear shapes. Two concepts were then chosen, and then further delevoped using the research that was undertaken in the previous stage. There were two types of initial patterns that were chosen, one whichcould develop the borer hole idea and one which would convey the case study.
CONCEPT ITERATIONS:
Chosen iteration
Chosen iteration
In this series of iterations the idea of the borers eating through middle of the tree is explored. Here the diagonal lines represent the messy nature of the borers and the movement that is formed through the pattern represents the random paths that the borers tend to take.
This iteration represents the holes that the borers make through the wood of the redwood tree. The different hole sizes represent the diferent sizes of borers and also they way the tunnels expand when the water eventually freezes inside of them.
FINAL PARAMETRIC WALL PATTERN:
Here is where the two iterations come together. The diagonal elements of the borer’s path is captured using the crosses along with the overall diagonal composition of the pattern. The square path represents the holes that are carved into the Redwood tree’s wood, iterestingly in contrast as the composition that if made i s rather linear and symetrical.
The patern is developed oncemkore, with this time the focus is on the case study. The voids between the modules have been increased, which is done to show the relation to when the tunnels are filled with water and then freezed up. The result of that is expansion, just as it is with this, and the extra triangles that have been incorporated inbetween the squares reselble the tearing of the wood fibers in the wood when it freezes
This is a gradient map of the parametric wall. The modules that are extruded further out are represented in darker colours and the brighter greens are representations of the modules that sit further back in the composition. This aspect has been taken from the research were the study showed that the tree tends to expand when the tunnels are frozen with water. This gives a three dimentional field to the wall which encourages interaction with the users.
PATTERN GENERATION
*All drawings are 1:50 scale unless stated otherwise
PLAN B
C
B1
C1
2000
A
A1
SECTION A - A1
SECTION B - B1
7000
RIGHT ELEVATION
FRONT ELEVATION
FRONT ELEVATION
BORER TUNNEL INTERACTION
WESTERLY ROTATION
EASTERLY ROTATION
SOUTHERLY ROTATION
NORTHERLY ROTATION
SECTION CUTS
PARAMETRIC WALL TOPOGRAPHY
SECTION C - C1