GREVIT 200 SL IN THE PROTECTION AND STORAGE OF BRASSICA (CABBAGE-LIKE) VEGETABLES IN CONVENTIONAL, INTEGRATED AND ORGANIC PRODUCTION
GREVIT 200 SL IN THE PROTECTION AND STORAGE OF BRASSICA (CABBAGE-LIKE) VEGETABLES IN CONVENTIONAL, INTEGRATED
GREVIT 200 SL
AND ORGANIC PRODUCTION
GREVIT 200 SL IN THE PROTECTION AND STORAGE OF BRASSICA (CABBAGE-LIKE) VEGETABLES IN CONVENTIONAL, INTEGRATED AND ORGANIC PRODUCTION
GREVIT 200 SL IN THE PROTECTION AND STORAGE OF BRASSICA (CABBAGE-LIKE) VEGETABLES IN CONVENTIONAL, INTEGRATED
POWER OF NATURE AT YOUR SERVICE
GREVIT 200 SL
AND ORGANIC PRODUCTION
Copyright © 2008 Avis Naturall Poland Ltd. All rights reserved.
GREVIT 200 SL IN THE PROTECTION AND STORAGE OF BRASSICA (CABBAGE-LIKE) VEGETABLES IN CONVENTIONAL, INTEGRATED AND ORGANIC PRODUCTION
Poland’s membership of the European Union has enabled vegetable producers to increase production, most of which has been destined for export. However, in order to meet the requirements of foreign consumers, and more and more often also of those at home, Polish producers are forced to submit their produce to new quality control systems. This makes the producers give up using many chemical plant protection products. For that reason, the integrated method of production is becoming more and more popular with vegetable growers. It allows them to obtain high yields of high quality products. The method is based on minimizing the use of mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products while at the same time making full use of agrotechnical and technological elements. The integrated method requires producers to possess a lot of professional knowledge in that area and is far more difficult that the conventional method. However, the producers who employ the integrated method of production are eligible to apply for a certificate for their products, which proves that the products are of high quality with respect to both their healthiness and nutritional value. The fact that in Poland many active substances have been withdrawn, and have not been replaced by new ones, thus creating a large gap in the range of plant protection methods, makes it necessary to search for new production-related solutions. One of the successful results of this search is Grevit 200 SL, a natural and completely safe product that gives good and effective solutions in the integrated production of cabbage-like vegetables.
Grevit 200 SL does not require a waiting period or a prevention period, and does not persist in the treated plants, thus being completely safe for people, animals, beneficial insects and the environment. It can be used at any stage of both commercial and amateur production of vegetables. Grevit 200 SL makes it possible to use unique solutions recommended for pre- and post-harvest protection of root vegetables, brassica (cabbage-like) vegetables and lettuce. Grevit 200 SL has been authorized for use in ecological agriculture: Certificate No. BRŚOR-EKOL-001/2005 of 3 March 2005.
GREVIT 200 SL
Grevit 200 SL is the first, unique solution in controlling bacterial and fungal diseases that acts on contact and can be used for both curative and preventive treatments. It also effectively supports the defence system of plants by helping to prevent infection hotspots from developing.
GREVIT 200 SL IN THE PROTECTION AND STORAGE OF BRASSICA (CABBAGE-LIKE) VEGETABLES IN CONVENTIONAL, INTEGRATED AND ORGANIC PRODUCTION
Cabbage-like vegetables should not be grown on acidic or water-logged soils, and if there have been cases of clubroot or dry rot, these brassica vegetables should not be grown in the same field more often than every 4 years. Seedlings should be produced exclusively in soils that have not been infected with clubroot fungus – an analysis of soil samples, and of peat substrates, for the presence of the disease is recommended (the Institute of Vegetable Crops in Skierniewice provides such a service). Before planting, seedlings should be screened by removing those affected by diseases or pests.
THE MOST COMMON DISEASES OF WHITE HEAD CABBAGE PREVENTION AND CONTROL The production of head cabbage starts with the preparation and conditioning of seeds by soaking them for a short period of time (2 minutes) in a 0.5% solution of Grevit 200 SL. In this way, the crop will be protected against decay diseases caused by a variety of pathogenic fungi and bacteria that may be carried by the seeds.
SYMPTOMS – first, small watery lesions appear, which quickly grow bigger until they cover the entire organ affected. The disease occurs most often during periods of prolonged wet weather with temperatures of 25–30°C. The bacterial infection usually takes place in areas of mechanical damage to plant tissue caused by other diseases or pests. The bacteria are carried by various insect species including the common fly. CONTROL MEASURES – spray the plants with Grevit 200 SL at a rate of 1.5 litre in 700 litres of water per hectare, 2–3 times every 7–10 days if there is a risk of bacteriosis, e.g. after a hailstorm, during periods of warm and wet weather, and when the fields are periodically waterlogged or flooded.
GREVIT 200 SL
BACTERIAL WET ROT OF CABBAGE HEAD
GREVIT 200 SL IN THE PROTECTION AND STORAGE OF BRASSICA (CABBAGE-LIKE) VEGETABLES IN CONVENTIONAL, INTEGRATED AND ORGANIC PRODUCTION
GREY MOULD SYMPTOMS – rotting and a grey coating on cabbage heads before the harvest and during storage. High air humidity during storage and mechanical damage favour the development of the disease. CONTROL MEASURES – spray the plants with Grevit 200 SL at a rate of 1.5 litre in 700 litres of water per hectare, 2–3 times every 7–10 days, starting one month before cabbage heads are cut down for storage. The last treatment should be carried out no later than three days before the harvest. The treatment applies only to late cabbage destined for storage in clamps or storehouses.
GREVIT 200 SL
Symptoms of grey mould on a cabbage head in a storehouse
GREVIT 200 SL IN THE PROTECTION AND STORAGE OF BRASSICA (CABBAGE-LIKE) VEGETABLES IN CONVENTIONAL, INTEGRATED AND ORGANIC PRODUCTION
PRE-HARVEST PROTECTION (CRUCIFER BLACK SPOT) SYMPTOMS – the lower and oldest leaves are the ones most often affected. Concentric lesions of various size, dark in colour and surrounded with a yellow border, appear on those leaves. The surface of these discolorations is covered with a velvety, dark-brown layer of conidial spores. CONTROL MEASURES – before the harvest, spray plants with Grevit 200 SL at a rate of 1.5 litre in 700 litres of water per hectare, 2–3 times every 7–10 days, with the last treatment to be carried out 1–2 days before the anticipated harvest date for cabbage destined for long-term storage. The use of the product has a beneficial effect on prolonging the storage period of white head cabbage.
Symptoms of crucifer black spot on a cabbage leaf
GREVIT 200 SL
Symptoms of crucifer black spot on a cabbage head
GREVIT 200 SL IN THE PROTECTION AND STORAGE OF BRASSICA (CABBAGE-LIKE) VEGETABLES IN CONVENTIONAL, INTEGRATED AND ORGANIC PRODUCTION
THE MOST COMMON DISEASES OF CHINESE CABBAGE PREVENTION AND CONTROL The production of Chinese cabbage starts with the preparations and conditioning of seeds by soaking them for a short period of time (2 minutes) in a 0.5% solution of Grevit 200 SL. In this way, the crop will be protected against decay diseases caused by a variety of pathogenic fungi and bacteria that may be carried by the seeds. ALTERNARIOSIS SYMPTOMS – the lower and oldest leaves are the ones most often affected. Concentric lesions of various size, dark in colour and surrounded with a yellow border, appear on those leaves. The surface of these discolorations is covered with a velvety, dark-brown layer of conidial spores. CONTROL MEASURES – spray the plants with Grevit 200 SL at a rate of 1.5 litre in 700 litres of water per hectare, 2–3 times every 7–10 days.
SYMPTOMS – at first, small watery lesions appear, which quickly grow bigger until they cover the entire organ affected. The disease occurs most often during periods of prolonged wet weather with temperatures of 25–30°C. The bacterial infection usually takes place in areas of mechanical damage to plant tissue caused by other diseases or pests. The bacteria are carried by various insect species that also include the common fly. CONTROL MEASURES – spray the plants with Grevit 200 SL at a rate of 1.5 litre in 700 litres of water per hectare, 2–3 times every 7–10 days if there is a risk of bacteriosis, e.g. after a hailstorm, during periods of warm and wet weather, and when the fields are periodically waterlogged or flooded. Symptoms of bacterial wet rot on Chinese cabbage
GREVIT 200 SL
BACTERIAL WET ROT
GREVIT 200 SL IN THE PROTECTION AND STORAGE OF BRASSICA (CABBAGE-LIKE) VEGETABLES IN CONVENTIONAL, INTEGRATED AND ORGANIC PRODUCTION
GREY MOULD (PRE-HARVEST PROTECTION) SYMPTOMS – rotting and a grey coating on cabbage heads appearing before harvest and during storage. High air humidity during storage and mechanical damage favour the development of the disease. CONTROL MEASURES – spray the plants with Grevit 200 SL at a rate of 1.5 litre in 700 litres of water per hectare, 2–3 times every 7–10 days, starting one month before cabbage plants are cut down for storage. The last treatment should be carried out no later than three days before the harvest. The use of the product has a beneficial effect on prolonging the storage period of Chinese cabbage. Protection is necessary, particularly when plants are to be harvested in autumn and subsequently stored. Products tested
GREVIT 200 SL GREVIT 200 SL+ Amistar 250 SC Amistar 250 SC (reference) Control
Dose L, kg/ha
% of leaf and head surface area affected by crucifer black spot
% of plants affected by bacterial wet rot
1.5 1.5 + 0.8
1.2 0
1.3 0.8
0.8
0.2
10.1
–
18.1
6.4
GREVIT 200 SL
The possibility of integrated, pre-harvest protection of Chinese cabbage against crucifer black spot (Alternaria spp.) and grey mould (Botrytis spp.) using GREVIT 200 SL SKIERNIEWICE 2003
GREVIT 200 SL IN THE PROTECTION AND STORAGE OF BRASSICA (CABBAGE-LIKE) VEGETABLES IN CONVENTIONAL, INTEGRATED AND ORGANIC PRODUCTION
THE MOST COMMON DISEASES OF CAULIFLOWER AND BROCCOLI PREVENTION AND CONTROL BACTERIAL ROT, CRUCIFER BLACK SPOT (ALTERNARIOSIS) (PRE-HARVEST PROTECTION) SYMPTOMS – wet rot of the rosettes/heads occurs during periods of warm and wet weather on seed plantations and those that produce for the fresh food market. CONTROL MEASURES – Grevit 200 SL is currently the only product in Poland authorized for use in pre-harvest protection of this type of vegetables. Use Grevit 200 SL to spray plants 2–3 times every 7 days at a rate of 1.5 litres in 600-700 litres of water per hectare. As a protective measure, start spraying plants as soon as rosettes begin to form, and as a curative measure as soon as the first symptoms of rotting have appeared. An agent ensuring that the rosettes/heads are evenly covered with the liquid can be added to the working solution. Products tested
Dose L, kg/ha
% of heads after storage found affected by bacteriosis
grey mould
GREVIT 200 SL
1.5
0.3
2.1
Amistar 250 SC (reference)
1.5
1.7
0.4
–
3.5
7.7
Control
GREVIT 200 SL
The possibility of pre-harvest protection of broccoli and cauliflower heads against bacterial rot (Pseudomonas spp, SKIERNIEWICE 2003 Erwinia spp) and grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) usingGREVIT 200 SL
GREVIT 200 SL IN THE PROTECTION AND STORAGE OF BRASSICA (CABBAGE-LIKE) VEGETABLES IN CONVENTIONAL, INTEGRATED AND ORGANIC PRODUCTION
BBACTERIAL ROT, GREY MOULD (POST-HARVEST PROTECTION OF BROCCOLI) SYMPTOMS – wet rotting of cauliflower and broccoli heads at the base of the stalk. Rotting and a grey coating on the heads before harvest and during storage. CONTROL MEASURES – dip the heads in a solution of Grevit 200 SL with a concentration of 0.025% (2.5 ml in 10 litres of water) for 10 seconds, at the recommended volume of 0.2 litres per 100 heads. Dry the heads before placing them in a storehouse. Products tested
Concentration %
% of heads after storage found affected by bacteriosis
grey mould
GREVIT 200 SL
0.025
1.3
3.1
GREVIT 200 SL
0.1
0.8
1.4
Control (soaked in water)
–
2.5
8.7
Symptoms of grey mould on broccoli in a storehouse. On the left are heads treated in a post-harvest bath of Grevit 200 SL solution.
GREVIT 200 SL
The possibility of post-harvest protection of broccoli and cauliflower heads against bacterial rot (Pseudomonas spp, Erwinia spp) and grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) using GREVIT 200 SL SKIERNIEWICE 2003
A photo of an experiment carried out at the Institute of Vegetable Crops in Skierniewice.
10