Portfolio Volume III; M.Arch Year 1-2 by Nur Fazuin Ramli

VOL III

+-PORTFOLIO NUR FAZUIN BINTI RAMLI

quod erat dēmonstrandum atelier

kʷod ˈe.rat deː.monˈstran.dum : q.e.d [from Latin urbānus] means “what was to be demonstrated”, or, less formally, “thus it has been demonstrated”. A collection of selected architectural and urban design works or processes or writings by Nur Fazuin Binti Ramli.

Master of Architecture [ RIBA Part II ] Manchester School of Architecture, Manchester Metropolitan University & University of Manchester, United Kingdom

Year 2016/17

01 Evolo Skyscraper 2016; The Safehouse Page 04

02 Metals in Construction; Low-Carbon-Tower Page 14

03 Biomimicry in Architecture; Filtre-Sythesis Page 24

04 Cybernetic Framework; Motility Page 40

Year 2017/18

05 Meadowfield Competition; Bubblion Pavilion Page 56

06 Urban Design Thesis Project; Langkawi Eco-Port City Page 62

Vertical Bunker Prototype The Safehouse

eVolo Magazine - 2017 Skyscraper Competition

The Safehouse; Vertical Bunker Prototype

Conceptualizing the city through the scenario of war, The Safehouse is a new conceptual bunker prototype of a newly high density underground living, in which the best living environment harmonizes within the skyscraper itself, allowing the residence to move through the post-war period. The definition of a conventional safe bunkers is very well known to specifically accommodate the government higher officers and commisioners. It is more or less almost similar saying that there is no bunkers for the public. The Safehouse is a prototype of a war-free zone (no weapons policy), taking advantage of the site located within range to a hospital. There will be only minimal impact to The Safehouse in the event of war, as attacks on medical facilities and personnel completely outrageous and profoundly immoral, and also grave breaches of the laws of war and international humanitarian law. The site is also located near to residential area and to target as many public and residents as possible. However, the objective of this project is to explore the possibilities of the development; how resilient it is in different scenario of event, how it is adaptive responsive it is on its surrounding, and to explore possibilities of a selfsustaining living in different environment conditions - rather than focusing on how bulletproof the building envelope is towards a direct, physical attack.

Vertical Bunker Prototype The Safehouse

The Concept To avoid the notion of degrading the surrounding environment and draining the economy of a host country, the entire complex of The Safehouse is designed to be self-sustainable. The whole development is divided into 2 main areas, with the area above reclaimed for nature, and the space below ground a unique opportunity for human use. It is believed than the area above ground (vertical park) gives many benefit while provide more spaces to integrate a public park within the skyscraper, more or less giving back the space to the public. Having an independent system allows users to make a living without having to depend on financial aid. Every dwelling is designed in a way that encourages hybrid activities. Wide public areas allow social interaction between users. Each space is injected with personal and cultural elements recollect memories of their home. Communal spaces provide a central ground to house cultural celebration and festivities. Integrating hybrid concept into the development, the vertical bunker could fulfill the functions in 2 different scenarios of event; “Pre-war or without war period”, as well as “During and Post-war period”. This is mainly to avoid energy wastage for maintenance and unused space. All spaces below ground are designed to become hybrid as possible. The urban farming and agricultural parks provide sufficient food products for the resident in the area during normal days, and as the main source of food for the users in the bunkers during the incident of war.

Existing scenarios in conventional bunkers: - Underground - Horizontally Oriented (Scattered) - Not meant for public use

Reinventing the horizontal concept of conventional underground bunkers. This scheme proposes the layering of programmes in a vertical arrangement

Exploring the idea of vertical community living, while acting as bunkers for public during the incident of war / post-war period

Pre-war / Without

During / Post-

War Scenario

War Scenario [ versus ]

Programme Injection

Space Required

Recreation Leisure Agriculture Basic Needs Attraction Recycle / Reuse Performance Art Night Activities Urban Interaction Public Space Jogging / Cycling

Urban Agriculture Park Urban Market Place Storage Interactive Facade Hotel Public Plaza Small Retail Hall Agriculture Operation Space

Energy Generation Commercial Value

Programme Injection

Medical Centre

Safe Living

Shelter

Common Area

Command Centre

Agriculture

Food & Water Storage

Production

Ventilation Duct

Recycle / Reuse

Assembly Hall

Energy Generator

Eating Hall

Water Collecting

Water Dispenser

Air Purifier

Preparation Hall

Education

Meeting Area

Basic Needs Distribution

Public Plaza

Interactive Communication

Equipment Storage

Health Monitoring

Common Room

Water Collecting Potential Hybrid Spaces

Vertical Bunker Prototype The Safehouse

Design Strategies

The site chosen is located at Ranelagh Gardens,

Major part of the site is sunken down to

Based on surrounding parameters such as

Multiple threads of pedestrians movement are pulled

a green pleasure ground with shaded walks, part

underground level, creating a massive unified

pedestrian concentration, accessibility, existing War

through the site, through pedestrian bridges that

of the grounds of Chelsea Hospital and the site of

hole, to accommodate the dwellings and other

Memorial and other nodes of the context, axis of

move across the negative spaces below ground level.

the annual Chelsea Flower Show.

livable spaces, intergrated with activities.

the site are created. The centre point that connects

The language of the movement-path is further pulled

all axis become the centre of the skyscraper

up, defining the language of the tower mass.

Structures that are supporting the protective

Structure holds operables protective louvres. The

Circulation within the tower itself is connected as

The envelope of the building holds the operable

louvres spreads from the centre of the tower.

louvres are adaptive responsive to the internal and

a whole, providing a continuous holistic public

protective facade that is able to move the

Taking advantage of the structural grid, a link

external condition and allows the underground

space. Slander programmatic ramps connect every

components inwards and outwards, and acts as

bridge is created for the ease of accessibility

areas to take advantage of many sustainable

floor of the tower up to the top

armour to the tower.

towards the market place located within the tower

passive systems.

Vertical Bunker Prototype The Safehouse

Schematic Programme Through use of many simple, passive systems, the entire complex is a sustainable. The whole development is divided into 2 main areas, with the area above reclaimed for nature, and the space below ground a unique opportunity for human use. Vertical farming is a type of non-traditional farming that takes advantage of vertical spaces like skyscraper. The futuristic concept converts skyscrapers into crop farms that could help reduce global warming, improve the urban environment, and help feed the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s growing population. The building could also produce most of its own energy and collect a large portion of its water from rainwater and recycling.

an Water T

g + Park

Farmin

Urban

t + Stora

stauran

Sky Re

ral Park

gricultu

Urban A

Place Market Area duction

Urban + Pro

s Facilitie ers + Bunk l te o +H

Vertical Bunker Prototype The Safehouse

Schematic Section This is a diagrammatic section to show part of the scheme. Showing how the layering of programs can achieve hybrid spaces. In this scheme, before war happens, the dwellings act as a hotel development and during the event of war, the hotel become a safe bunker. Same goes to all other spaces that have possibility to go hybrid. For example banquet halls into common rooms, management office into command centre, and etc.

Contaminated air is filtered through the ducting before supplying into the dwelling

Operable protective louvers. Adaptive responsive to the internal and external condition Hotel / Safe Bunkers

Lobby + Facilities

Public Park

Sunlight passes through fins to enlighten spaces below ground level

Carpark

Urban agricultural park access Urban market place Air management facilities

Water Tank

Facilities Taking advantage of the nearby river as the source of water

Hall + Common Room

Public plaza

Water management facilities

Fresh air intake

Public plaza

Command centre / Common Area

Vertical Bunker Prototype The Safehouse

Dwelling Typology The initial (hotel) typology has standard dimension and space. However during the incident of war, the hotel typology has removable partition wall, providing more space in order to accommodate more survivors in the safety bunker.

Type A; 18.9 sqm

Type B; 37.8 sqm

Type C; 18.9 sqm

Type D; 56.7 sqm

Bunker: 37.8 sqm

Bunker: 75.6 sqm

Vertical Bunker Prototype The Safehouse

Bunker: 75.6 sqm

Facade + Defense System The facade is designed to act as a protective armour to the body of the tower. In the event of war, the operable facade conceal the tower. The facade component moves inwards or vice versa depending on the scenario of the event. This is one component where titanium is used extensively as armour plating. The armour facade cover the surface of the tower, entirely. Given that the shape of the building is not flat, the facade follows the flow of the building envelope. Sloping and curving armour can both increase its protection by reducing the force impacting perpendicularly. Angled surface increases the chance of deflecting any possible debris, increasing the users survivability. This operable facade system operates in either two modes. The first is the natural ventilation mode which allows sunlight to penetrate deeper into the park, and uses fresh external air from operable windows or dampers to cool the internal spaces. It also relies predominantly on the stack effect for hot air to be expelled through high-level exhausts. The second is the mechanical mode and sees the facade components closed and the HVAC switched on, and is used only when the building completely concealed.

Vertical Bunker Prototype The Safehouse

Metals in Construction Low-Carbon-Tower

Metals in Construction Magazine 2017 Design Challenge

Low-Carbon-Tower

A high-rise office building, the Low-Carbon-Tower is set out as a simple rectangular form following the site boundary, following New Yorkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s planning code and height restrictions. Further, the chamfered design allows for a more elegant visual, wind load reduction and maximum daylight throughout the day - portraying the simplistic form to everyone that walks past. Following the chamfer to the base allows for a more welcoming approach, funnelling people into the building. The thoroughfare provides for a connected and vibrant retail space, connecting people from park spaces and also the street. What was progressed upon was investigating the possibilities of an individual component of our structural skin, when reinvestigating this as an aspect for gaining efficiency it was better understood what options were available. What was eventually understood is that a clear focus on reducing structure could be achieved from our unusual position as architecture students, in which we could demonstrate that a reduction in emissions could be achieved in providing a morphological framework.

Metals in Construction Low-Carbon-Tower

The Site

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JACOB K. JARVIS

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CONVENTION We st

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New Track New Station

Transport Link

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The site is located in the Eastern part of the Hudson Yards development scheme â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 55 Hudson Yards. This is the largest development in New York since the Rockefellar Centre. The development will have new and improved transportation links and amenities which include shops, a cultural centre and schools. Making it the hub of the city, hence this is a great opportunity to exhibit a landmark architectural design. The immediate site has views across to the Hudson River, the Highline and public park space surrounding the plot. The site is orientated with its corners facing the four cardinal points, with prevailing winds coming from the south-west. The development will have skyscrapers of similar heights or higher surrounding it, especially to the south, hence solar gain will be limited.

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HUDSON RIVER

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SUBWAY

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Sunpath & Prevailing Winds

Zoning

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HUDSON YARDS

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Commercial Mixed Use Residential

Metals in Construction Low-Carbon-Tower

Design Strategies 1. The Site

2. Massing following planning policy

3. Massing chamfered to maximise views

The design is set out as a simple rectangular form following the

Our initial thoughts for the design of the building was conveyed

Further, we chamfered the corners of the model, still leaving a

site boundary, following New Yorkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s planning code and height

by the local planning regulations. Hence, our design started as a

block plinth to act as a streetscape. The chamfered are orientated

restrictions.

quick massing exercise following Hudson Yards planning code

towards the views of the Hudson River and the George

with a plinth at the bottom with street walls on the road sides

Washington Bridge, views of Manhattan and the park on the

and set backs from base to top. This approach was proven to be

ground level.

unsuccessful because it minimises views to Hudson River and overlooks the surrounding buildings.

4. Chamfered plinth for open approach

5. Thoroughfare creating a connection

6. Public Spaces

The design further developed as we chamfered the plinth towards the

After, we created a thoroughfare through the base in the aim

Introducing public spaces and semi-public spaces into the

same directions as the views, exaggerating the form of the building

to connect the main road to the centre of Hudson Yards. This

building program encourages cross-connectivity between occupants and visitors.

and its concept. The chamfered base also provides opportunity for an

will encourage a more active and lively atmosphere through

open public space and welcoming approach to our building. This still

the building. The connection between the two spaces allows for

meets the planning regulations as we are creating a negative space

a dynamic approach to Hudson Yards which the surrounding

through the chamfer, still illustrating a form of streetscape.

proposals have not considered.

Metals in Construction Low-Carbon-Tower

Class A Office Building

MANAGEMENT

OFFICE LOBBY ATRIUM

/ LANDSCAPE

RETAIL/CAFE

PLAZA

GREEN SPINE

These buildings sport modern construction with state-of-theart functionality and architectural design, infrastructure, life safety and mechanical systems. Class A buildings are also located in the most sought-after areas. Not surprisingly, Class A buildings typically command the highest rents, include the best amenities and, consequently, offer the least attractive concession packages for tenants. In this design scheme, Class A office building is achieved by having design considerations as follows.

RETAIL/CAFE

OFFICE LOBBY

The site itself is connected to a green spine located in front of the building entrance. It is an opportunity to create a chain of public plazas that can create and continue the landscape at the heart of Hudson Yards. The main reason in creatin the iconic atrium is to address the connectivity between the building and the public, by having an entrance statement on the ground floor. The atrium divides the two cores into 2 separate office entrances. Ground Floor Plan NTS

PLAZA

MANAGEMENT

OUTDOOR SEATING

RETAIL/CAFE INDOOR SEATING

360 VIEW

RETAIL/CAFE LANDSCAPE

30th Floor Plan Cafeteria & Terrace NTS

On the office levels, the sustainable design is achieved by providing desirable daylighting and comforts for a modern, Class A office space. This includes a highly transparent facade, highly transparent meeting rooms and column-free office. The open-ended layout provides a continuous office space and also has the high opportunity to divide the space into smaller partitions.

MEETING ROOM

PRE-FUNCTION FOYER BUSINESS LOUNGE

PRE-FUNCTION FOYER

PANTRY

RECEPTION

OFFICE

35th Floor Plan Typical Office Layout NTS

MEETING ROOM

RECEPTION

BUSINESS LOUNGE PANTRY MEETING ROOM

68th Floor Plan Executive Floor NTS

360 VIEW 360 VIEW Metals in Construction Low-Carbon-Tower

Smaller base, lower stability

Bigger base, higher stability

High Zone Lift

Rooftop Gallery Executive Floors Office

Cafeteria Office

Low Zone Lift

Office Low Zone Lift

Diagrid structural system had been chosen due to its strong triangular structures with diagonal support beams. This diagrid system is supported by tension cables to extend the building width attached to the ground. This is to decrease the height:width ratio. The cables increases the building base area, hence increases the building stability.

High Zone Lift

Structural Study

Office Cafeteria

Office

Office Height Retail

Section A-A NTS

Breadth

Fins are expanded from the core when floor plates increase in size. They function as a support to the cantilever that span across the building. The longest span of the floor plate reaches a length of 35m, so the fins decrease the cantilever length of each floor plate to a maximum of 15m.

Rooftop Gallery

High Zone Lift

Breadth

Executive Floors Office Office Cafeteria Office

Supporting Fins

Office

Length of fins varies in each floor, provided that the cantilever slab is minimized to a span of 15m Typical Core

Cafeteria Office

Office

Retail

Supporting Fins

Section B-B NTS

Metals in Construction Low-Carbon-Tower

Structural Study In an attempt to allow for reduction in the floor slab thickness and an increase in the possible cantilever span of the floor plates, pre-stressed steel cables integrated into the faรงade system are attached to a steel plate, which is in turn shot blasted through the perimeter universal beam into the concrete floor slab to provide additional support and prevent deflection.

Height (H)

Wind Load

Gravity Load

Tension Cables

Tension

Compression

The tensile elements run the extent of the interior of the faรงade from their tether point at the tip of each core to the return inflection in the faรงade. At this point the cables divide, one set continuing parallel in the previous section of faรงade, the others continue down the interior of the building envelope. The first set works to extend the lever arm distance and increase the structures overall stability, the second set also aid stability to a lesser extent while applying compressional forces to the floor slabs. This force further prevents deflection allowing for an even greater cantilever span.

Breadth (B) Load force diagram cables transferring tension to the ground.

When H/B is greater than 4, more than one core is needed to support the building. Tension cables are added to increase the lever arm.

Pre-stressing of cables and fixing them to the cantilevered floor perimeter to reduce deflection.

Fins extend out from the core to support the wide cantilevered floor plates. Tension and compression of cables help to withstand wind load exerted on building.

1 4 5 6

2 3

9 10 11

Sectional Perspective

Facade to Floor Slab Detail NTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

150mm raised floor Pedestal 200mm lightweight concrte on metal composite decking Aluminium glazing profile Toughed glass, double-glazed panel Steel connection - connecting face to cable & floor slab Steel beam - size specified by Structural Engineer Steel beam - size specified by Structural Engineer Structural Cable - size specified by Structural Engineer Suspended ceiling tie Roller blind box Prefabricated fibrous plaster fireproofing casing

Metals in Construction Low-Carbon-Tower

Biomimicry in Architecture Filtre-Synthesis

Biomimicry - Design Innovation Inspired by Nature Competition 2017

Filtre-Synthesis

Filtre-Synthesis is a city-scale superstructure that purifies the air using a nature inspired solution. Learning from leaves and the action of the stomata, we are able to incorporate this into our design through biomimicry. Applying a coating of titanium dioxide on the structure and utilizing an ionisation process, it filters and collects the pollutants from the surrounding air. The aim is to produce cleaner and healthier air for people who live in cities that are affected on a daily basis due to air pollution and make simple day tasks much easier. The ionisation process integrated into the voronoi form, manipulates an electric current to positively charge the dust parties, will collect the pollutants and this will be recycled into fertilizer in agriculture. We believe in a circular system that is self-regulating to create a self-sustaining filtering system to be implemented in real life cities.

Biomimicry in Architecture Filtre-Synthesis

Air Pollution Globally, air pollution has become a real concern for many people and within the metropolises around the world, there is a physical lock in effect that makes simple things such as walking down a street a real problem. Pollution is one of the largest global killers, affecting over 100 million people worldwide. Observing many major cities’ real time “Air Quality Index”, we are able to distinguish that the air quality is in fact dangerous and the high level of pollutants produce a 20% higher risk of death from lung cancer for the inhabitants.

Map of Air Pollution Levels in 2015 by country

49.92

85%

153

COUNTRIES

CITIES

of the world’s population lives in areas where WHO air quality guidelines are exceeded

Air pollution was responsible for 5.5 million deaths in 2013 10% of all deaths were from air pollution in 2015

The build-up of the air surrounding every one of us is what can also be dangerous. Fine parties such as PM2.5, Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) are all particles and gases that are part of the physiognomy that is understood as “pollution”. There are all harmful to the human body and, are causes of cardiovascular diseases and as a discontenting impact on the respiratory system.

PM 2.5 LEVELS 0.03

Ambient air pollution Is-chemic heart disease 1.1 million

Stroke

930,000

Household air pollution 720,000

CHINA 910,000 deaths

air pollution is the 4th highest-ranking rick factor for death globally

810,000 deaths

780,000

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 170,000

INDIA

820,000

920,000 deaths

Lower respiratory infections 330,000

450,000

590,000 deaths

Lung cancer 390,000

130,000

Health Impacts of Air Pollution

9% 6%

Traffic Dust

Headache and anxiety [SO2] Impact on the central nervous system (PM)

Vehicles

Factories

Traffic Dust

Irritation of eyes, nose and throat Breathing problem [O3, PM, NO2, SO2]

[O3, PM, SO2]

Spleen and blood [NO2]

Impacts of the respiratory system Irritation, infiammation and infections. Asthma and reduced lung function. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [PM]

Impacts on the reproductive system [PM]

21% Sulphate

11%

Biomass Combustion

Impacts on liver

Biomass Combustion

PM 2.5

Nitrogen

Cardiovascular diseases

Coal Combustion

18%

Industry

Vehicles

29%

Coal Combustion

Fine Particles [PM] are particles that float around in the air. Sea salt, black carbon, dust and condensed particles from certain chemicals can be classed as a PM pollutant. The smaller particles can be breathed deep into the lungs and then even go into bloodstream causing health problems. Nitrogen Dioxide [NO2 ] is formed mianly by combustion processes such as those occurring in car engines and power plants. Sulfur Dioxide [SO2 ] is a colourless gas that is formed when fuels containing sulfur, such as coal and oil, are burned. It is also produced from natural sources such as active volcanoes and hot springs. Sulfur dioxide is toxic to plants and can cause breathing difficulties and acid rain.

Biomimicry in Architecture Filtre-Synthesis

Biomimicry - Leaf In leaves the exchange of respiratory gases takes place through very small pores called stomata (singular stoma). The stomata are present in large number on the lower surface of leaves of plant. Each stoma has a pore at its centre which is surrounded and controlled by two kidney shaped cells called guard cells. When the stoma opens the exchange of gases takes place between the atmosphere and interior of the leaf by the process of diffusion. This opening and closing process happens due to change of water pressure in guard cells.

Leaf Section Opening of stomata for gas exchange influenced by water pressure

K+

Wax Cuticle

H20

Upper Epidermis

Spongy Mesophyll

Closing of Stomata

Spongy Mesophyll (Air Space) Lower Epidermis

K+

H20

Wax Cuticle

Exchange of gases through stomata Opening of Stomata

Concept Diagram

CO2

VOCS

NOX

VOCS

NOX

VOCS

O2 + H2O NOX

Biomimicry in Architecture Filtre-Synthesis

VOC S

NOX

VOC S

Biomimicry in Architecture Filtre-Synthesis

Formulation Diagram

[1]

[2]

[3]

The initial Filtre-Synthesis surface is mapped on the site

[4]

The position of structural

The marked points of the surface is

columns is marked, based on

sunken down to ground level, creating

the site condition

columns with massive unified holes

[5]

[6]

The primary structure is made up of high carbon

Within the voids, a secondary structure is

Overal design intend of

steel coated with titanium dioxide, integrated

formed by double-layered polycarbonate

Filtre-Synthesis

with void to reduce the material usage

sandwiching ETFE bubbles

Biomimicry in Architecture Filtre-Synthesis

Design Features The structure of the pavilion design integrates an air filtering system and solar shading system. While passively filtering the polluted air within the surrounding, the structure provides shade; of which the amount of light penetrated into the pavilion is controllable via intergrated pneumatic shading modules. “Filtre-Synthesis” is created to host facilities, accommodations, and public parks that promote low-carbon living and construction.

Roof Plan High Carbon Steel coated with Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)

Charged column to attract polluted air particles

Double-layered polycarbonate sandwiching ETFE bubbles

Intergrated rainwater flow system

Ground Plan Structural columns

Parts of the ground are raised and sunken. The spaces becomes a new kind of urban space: to allow more spaces for outdoor activities and leisure spaces.

Public parks + water body as part of Filtre-Synthesis landscape.

‘‘ETFE SOLAR SHADING’’ Pneumatic responsive shading modules

‘ ‘A I R F I LT R AT I O N ’ ’ Outdoor air purifier

NOX ‘‘E V E N T P L A Z A’’

‘‘ I N T E G R AT E D R A I N WAT E R F LO W S Y S T E M ’’

Biomimicry in Architecture Filtre-Synthesis

engaging the public

‘‘DUST COLLECTION’’

VOCS

Charged columns to attract dust particles

Biomimicry in Architecture Filtre-Synthesis

Superstructure With the points mapped from the site, a rectangular surface is laid onto it. Considering the wind effect and rainwater flow to the structure, the surface changes its height from ground, varies in different regions. The curving canopy shape folds down at the mapped points, forming 15 columns.

Voronoi Structures from Leaf Capillaries & Cells

Other factors taken for consideration are as follows: Leaf Capillaries DIMENSION OF

STRUCTURE THICKNESS

POSITIONS OF COLUMNS, AFFECTS T H E PAT T E R N CO N C E N T R AT I O N

F O R N AT U R A L LIGHTING PURPOSES

I N T E G R AT I O N W I T H P N E U M AT I C MODULES

STRUCTURAL S T RE N GT H

VOIDS

Cells

Capillary Network

Voronoi Pattern

Choices of Materials

Secondary Structure:

“ the more concentrated the pattern, the stronger the structure ”

Polycarbonate roof sandwiching ETFE bubbles

Primary Structure: Corten steel columns coated with Titanium Dioxide

Polycarbonate ETFE Corten Steel Titanium Dioxide

Biomimicry in Architecture Filtre-Synthesis

SU MM ER

Design Features W

Electric Current

Passing an electric current through the structure, will positively charge the dust parties. This in turn will be collected at our negative grounded cathode. The smog collected here will be recylced. Solar Shading - Pneumatic Modules

ETFE â&#x20AC;&#x153;bubblesâ&#x20AC;? at 450mm will expand and contract in response to the vacuum created (- pneumatic modules) that allows for solar shading in summer and contract in winter to allow for maximum amount of sunlight.

Air moves out

ETFE Bubbles

Air moves in

TiO2

Biomimicry in Architecture Filtre-Synthesis

Design Features S U N LI G H T

TiO2

LIG N HT

R R AI

2 ND P HO

TO N

BOU

NCE

POLLUTED AIR

N WATER

OPENING IN STRUCTURE

CLEAN AIR

+ +

+ -

Air Filter : Titanium dioxide (TiO2 )

Integrated Drainage System

Solar Shading

ETFE “bubbles” at 450mm will expand and contract Negative grounded cathode split and collect ionized

Rainwater collected from the roof is channeled down

ETFE bubbles contract and expand to control solar

in response to the vacuum created (- pneumatic dust particles to be recycled.

to the ground via integrated water collection system penetration.

modules) that allows for solar shading in summer

in the structures.

Air Filter : Electric Current

and Sunlight

and contract in winter to allow for maximum amount of sunlight.

++-

DUST

H2 O

TERS

DUST

+- + DUST

DUST

SMOG COLLECTION

AIR

C O2 FIL

SUNLIGHT

DUST

AIR CONTENTS

DUST

T1 O2

DUST

NOX

B O Cs

Preservative in winemaking Reducing agent Biochemical and biomedical roles Refrigerant Reagent and solvent in the laboratory

Collection of pollutants

Fertilizers in agriculture Oxidizing agents

Biomimicry in Architecture Filtre-Synthesis

Cybernetic Framework Motility

Cybernetic Framework - Innovative Mind Architectural Design Competition 2017

Motility

By integrating a thin layer of reprogrammable sensors to the surface of the train station, in the future, Motility is where autonomous technology is shared between the users and built environment. This smart and intelligent system is the next upgrade of the conventional train station infrastructure, which is required to coordinate the flows of human movements and density in a completely fluid and efficient way. This sensor network communicates with the flux of human traffic, in a way that it coordinates efficient wayfinding and transmit data for the integrated responsive building envelope. With this re-surfaced train station system, it is possible to allow for the greatest flexibility and achieve maximum efficiency of the train station. The new digital layer of the station is able to adapt with the different mass of human traffic every single day, orchestrating a perfect mess of travellers. By integrating this cybernetic framework to all other possible transportation hubs such as central stations, bus hubs, and even airports, the city would reflect the perfect wayfinding system of the people who inhabit them. Infusing the surface of the city with information, energy, and light, the city is reimagined to be able to adapt to the changes of urban life in real-time.

Cybernetic Framework Motility

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Cybernetic Framework Motility

How will this relationship influence architecture and its physical context to solve complicated problems?

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Issue and Dilemma

Red u

Mini mi

platform dw

tim ell es

Motility

ow of pa ss

aims to:

Red

aff inqu iri e st

Irregular Temperature

ze mistakes mi

on time

Mi ni

er reach pla t

rm fo

Help pass

He lp

in g

evel

Mai nt

Wayfinding

ation cr o d st ce

gers en

fl ain

d efficient

ge ssen r stres

How does the cybernetic framework proposed; Motility, helps to solve this problem?

fin

Getting lost is not fun. Especially if youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re on a timeline in an unfamiliar place. When people are lost in their direction, they tend to redirect themselves to the entrance of the station, where the most prominent place is. Entrances are the windows to many activities. They separate and unite private and public life in equal measure. When people stand still, groups develop. The efforts to move through the dense crowds are futile. And groups attract more people to the area. It delays bothersome. It is fairly important to make travellersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; lives easier, particularly by improving the usersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; wayfinding and experience, simultaneously improving the management and efficiency in the train station as a whole.

Reduc e

Train stations are complex environments full of information that help travellers get from one point to another. A few weaknesses of the current signage system emerged, including suboptimal placement of several signs as well as inconsistencies between the signs outside of the station and the signs in the building itself. Developing a positive user experience in such settings can be challenging. One of the problems that caused by the bad signage system is leading the people nowhere.

Safety

Overcrowding

Cybernetic Framework Motility

The Site Zürich is Switzerland’s largest city, and also has one of Europe’s greatest concentration of rail infrastructure. As well as a comprehensive tramway system, it is the focal point for local, national and international railway traffic. Current projects such as the Glattalbahn (VBG) and Tram Zurich West light rail schemes were partly aimed at dispersing demand by creating more interchanges around the metropolitan area. Handling growing demand at the main station remains a great challenge. Being Switzerland’s largest and busiest station with nearly 3,000 trains travelling daily, Zürich Hauptbahnhof, is mainly a surface terminus in the city centre. However, even with the adoption of new transportation lines and other projects to reduce the congestion and improve effienciency, there is still an issue of being lost in direction in such huge place. Getting lost in train stations without efficient signage to find correct directions, is still a time waster and inefficient for travellers. With digital wayfinding technology at its peak; Motility, it’s easier than ever to navigate through the mazi-est of corridors. The real barrier to autonomous wayfinding and navigation is infrastructural rather than technological.

Zürich Hauptbahnhof Bahnhofplatz 15, CH-8001 Zürich, ZH Switzerland Shopping Centre

Trams Post Office

Zürich, Switzerland

Cybernetic Framework Motility

Bus Shopping District

Population Density

Museum

Cybernetic Framework Motility

LED Technology Motility’s smart and intelligent system is the next upgrade of the conventional train station infrastructure, which is required to coordinate the flows of human movements and density in a completely fluid and efficient way. This sensor network communicates with the flux of human traffic, in a way that it coordinates efficient wayfinding and transmit data for the integrated responsive building envelope. This vast surface area also has the potential to harvest kinetic from pressure to accommodate low-powered E-ticket. The E-ticket would be the better version of a mobile boarding pass (especially because roughly 30% percent of the general population still doesn’t have a smartphone.), and it has a simultaneous interaction with the floor sensor. This collected energy from the floor could be transmitted wirelessly (electromagnetic induction) to E-ticket, making the transmission of information possible for accurate wayfinding for different users. The E-ticket user-specific system is necessary in order to understand the specific navigation for specific users that uses the train station. There are many examples of wayfinding system in existing train stations; static signs, temporary information, tactile formation, staff help, and audible information system. However, these wayfinding scope is generic and does not cater to one’s specific individual direction. The future will breathe life into these graphic systems. Pixels of light on the floor and entire building surface will create the next generation of the “wayfinding signage”. This digital layer will display pixels several seconds in advance of the actual movement of human movement, so that they will be able to properly anticipate and react.

Reduce Congestion; Smart wayfinding system will help to disperse human concentration evenly and efficiency. The aim is to ensure that travellers reach their destinations quickly and with the least possible human traffic

Improve Efficiency; Live data transfer

Intelligent Navigation; When you

to improve the human traffic flow in

stand on a tile, it sends out wireless data

train station. It will be possible to see

that reacts accordingly to your boarding

future movement through this animated

passes

graphical surface.

Cybernetic Framework Motility

Design Strategies

Smart Data Transmission; Tiles that generate

Improve Connectivity; Expand the smart

Efficient Lighting; Responsive solar powered

kinetic energy from pressure and sends out data to

system to many other transportation network

panel envelope allows efficient natural lighting

control center

nearby (bus, trams).

penetration, focusing on the control of heat and glare

Interactive Building Envelope; Integrating

Integrated Seating; Furniture that

Adaptive Responsive; Building structure

an interactive facade while being an adaptive

emerge from ground, depending on the

response to different evironment

responsive building envelope

presence of travellers

Cybernetic Framework Motility

Could a Building Morph? Motility adopted the morphing concept from Topotransegrity, how the movement pavement of human influences the shape of the structure. The programme mode automates the basic functions of the structure, directly related to the specific event schedule of its environment. It drives the generic transformations, initiating and locating the deformations that control the access and the circulation within the public spaces. It also generates small emergent seating areas & temporary spaces, which host ancillary programmes related to ongoing events.

[Solution]

[Problem] Internal environment gets too cold or too hot

Self-correcting system Intelligent technology (nervous system) that is in response to unpredictable changes

Building morphs and restore internal environment to suitable temperature

Manipulate changes of internal temperature (heat from crowds or solar) and environmental condition (change of climate)

The crowd mode responds in real time to the density and behavioural patterns of the travellers within the train station. It Influences the size, orientation and development of the train station envelope structure. Finally it affects the orientation of the developing surface, based on the positions and sizes of the visitor crowds. It enables certain surface of the building envelope to shear, allowing temporarily different degrees of transparency within the structures spatial arrangement.

Cybernetic Framework Motility

Building Envelope Far from a traditional austere train station, Motility features radical high-tech train station envelope illuminated with mechanical apertures that respond to human presence (data collected via interactive floor surface), controlling the amount of light and heat by narrowing to reduce solar exposure or dilating to allow daylight to suffuse the interior. The building envelope are composed of metal eyes that dilate according to outdoor light conditions and also the internal condition (to achieve human comfort). The interior is host to a changing and complex lighting effect that layers daylight from the apertures. Since the kinetic system responds to the presence of human, the building controls thermal exposure and interior lighting with the metal eyes.

Metal eye opening sequences

Cybernetic Framework Motility

Metal eyes constrict

Metal eyes dilate

Low E Glass M/S plate Automatic exposure control blade S/Steel bracing

Waterproof transparent membrane Lightweight steel beam

Steel column

Structural Adaptability The structural design of the building allows for high wind and seismic loading, without relying on interior support columns. The space frame structure has been designed to ensure adaptability for changing loads over the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s life span. Space Frame System The space frame is composed of a special steel tube-and-nodes system, allowing for flexibility for the responsive building design. This substructure was designed to incorporate a flexible relationship between the rigid grid of the space frame and the free formed exterior cladding seams.

Cybernetic Framework Motility

Section Detail As a train station, the integration a long span structure is crucial in order to have large empty area in the centre, spanning over the train platforms. In order to structurally achieve this, steel would be the preferred and most logical choice. The use of steel allows for adaption if needed and the columnless floors can remain open plan or partitioned depending on requirements. Other than that, the steel components can be directly reused on other buildings or recycled into new components. A lightweight structure was also important as a culvert runs under the site and this, as well as the siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s railway tracks, limit the locations where columns could be placed. Choosing lightweight ETFE cladding has also allowed the steel ribs to span further than if glazing had been specified. About 15 per cent of the roof cladding is glazed to ensure lots of natural light while passengers wait for their trains.

Cybernetic Framework Motility

Meadowfield Competition Bubblion Pavilion

Meadowfield Side Pavilion Competition;

Bubblion Pavilion

By using the simple geometry of the hexagon and manipulating timber, Bubblion Pavilion has a fractal like construction techniques that can enable modular pieces that can be manufactured and placed together easily. Moreover, the vision is to create a pavilion that is iconic within the city of Manchester and utilizes inspirations from nature and botanics, producing an algorithmic growth of bubbles in an arrangement that encourages users to enter the pavilion from the different axis (in relation to the entrances of the park). The initial use of the pavilion is to house the showhome, sales team office and a first point of contact that will assist with buyers of apartments in the Meadow Side development. Soon afterwards, the prefabricated show-home will be taken down and enable a thoroughfare, opening up the pavilion and creating a sheltered space, leaving a legacy for the inhabitants of Manchester to be proud of.

Meadowfield Competition Bubblion Pavilion

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A long lasting legacy in Angel Meadows Park: a bubble inspired pavilion for the people of Manchester

Meadowfield Competition Bubblion Pavilion

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The Concept

Fractal Construction; Modular

Geometry; Self Organisation + Strength

Showhome; 0 - 2 Years

Responsive Hexagon; Shelter and Openings

Green Facade; Botanical Response

Pavilion Use; 2 - Future Years

Meadowfield Competition Bubblion Pavilion

Design Details Creating different modules of â&#x20AC;&#x153;bubblesâ&#x20AC;? interconnected creates different spaces and environments for the users. Housing the prefabricated show-home, this will be removed after its use is no longer required opening up the pavillion completely and becoming a space of shelter, play, fun, work and leisure. The life of the pavilion is significant, as the phasing is put in place in order for it to leave a lasting legacy in Angel Meadows Park and also the city of Manchester attracting visitors locally and nationally.

Open Space Open Space Store Room

Office Show Unit Open Space

Casual Meeting Area Cafeteria

Exhibition

Lobby + Feature Wall

Open Space

150 x 25mm Timber 150 x 6 mm thick steel plate Steel bolting DIA 30 mm DIA 80 mm Steel levelling wedges Base plate

Meadowfield Competition Bubblion Pavilion

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Urban Design Thesis Project;

Langkawi Eco-Port City

Hypothetically assuming the future scenario with the presence of Thailandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Kra Canal development, the objective of this design thesis is mainly rethinking strategies for development along Langkawi Island is critical to the economic and ecological success of the country, Malaysia. Situated at the threshold of the Straits of Malacca, Langkawi Eco-Port City occupies a position of strategic significance in the new international shipping lane Silk Road. The masterplan envisioned consists of six programmatic anchors: logistics, agriculture, entertainment education, commercial, and residential. The Forest Link, a planned intensification of transport through the site renders inevitable its emergence as a new center. The anchors are closely related through innovation and research, and provide the basis for strategic and economic cooperation of the region. Langkawi Eco-Port City is an extensive, exploratory urban strategy for the island, that could also fulfill Malaysiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s coastal ambitions; creating identity as a future regional transshipment base, and establish a node for interaction between various components of Malaysianâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economy + culture by implementing hypothetical program that can respond to culture, economy & environment settings. Designed to cultivate a live&work lifestyle, it is comprised of financial institutions, technology and biotech research facilities, and a variety of creative industries that will establish an innovative and sustainable employment base providing new jobs in northern Malaysian region. This proposal seeks to both ecologically and the economic output of sustainable growth for country.

provide a self-sustaining port city, economically, while diversifying Malaysia and promoting long term the benefit of the region and the

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Issue + Dilemma Maritime business pattern in Malaysian ports would definitely be experiencing their transshipment volumes affected by Thailandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Kra Canal development, as a significant part of the shipping lines will switch to the Kra Canal route instead of sailing the straits via Singapore. Kra Canal is an estimated 100km-long canal cutting through southern Thailand, linking Andaman Sea and Gulf of Thailand. This idea has been mooted since the 17th century. This canal would shorten travel time by 1,200km; which is about five sailing days. As of today, the Straits of Malacca is one of the bussiest shipping routes in the world and, due to its depth (25km) and width restrictions of 2.5km at it narrowest point, it is a true maritime bottleneck. However, the presence of the Kra Canal will not only benefit Thailand, but will also have a significant impact on shipping trade in Malaysianâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s shipping trade economy; affecting Penang Port, Klang Port, Port of Tanjung Pelepas and Johor Port.

KRA CANAL

Langkawi Island, Malaysia [ Proposed Site ] Source: http://iims.org.uk/wpcontent/uploads/2015/01/kra-canal

Current Scenario

Future Scenario

Silk Road; One of the most effective and busiest shipping lane in the world

Thailand

KRA CANAL

Penang Port, Malaysia

KRA CANAL Malaysia

Langkawi Eco-Port City

Malaysia

Klang Port, Malaysia Port of Tanjung Pelepas, Malaysia Johor Port, Malaysia

Current Shipping Lane (Silk Road)

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Future Primary Shipping Lane Secondary Shipping Lane

“

It was Thailand’s right to build the canal since it is within its territories, and we just have to make adjustment. There will be reshaping of economies because of the new accessibility, then we just have to find a way how to benefit from it

”

Source: Dr Mahathir Mohamad, current Prime Minister of Malaysia, 2019

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Economic Diversification Langkawi Port has identified additional facilities as part of its supply-driven policies. When Langkawi Port is completed, the facilities at Port City will be sufficient to handle the projected cargo throughput 130.5 million tonnes by the year 2022. Co-operation with neighbouring port-cities is a no-regret option to be made. As part of the master plan, the development of Langkawi Port will also see further opportunity as a transfer hub where manufactured goods from major ports will be stored before systematically transferred to other ports, especially ports that are located along the Straits of Malacca (ones that are economically affected by the Kra Canal development) Langkawi Port City’s development is in line with the economic growth in the central region of the country and also its identity as a future regional transshipment base.

[Gulf of Thailand]

Thailand

[Andaman Sea]

lk Road

aritime Si

Future M

ilk R

oad

KRA CANAL

ariti

me S

Langkawi Eco-Port City

Curr ent M

Malaysia

Sabang Port, Indonesia

Penang Port, Malaysia

Lhokseumawe Port, Indonesia

Medan/Belawan, Indonesia

Klang Port, Malaysia Port of Tanjung Pelepas, Malaysia

Port of Tanjung Balai, Indonesia

Johor Port, Malaysia

Tuas Port, Singapore

Port of Dumai, Indonesia

Singapore

Current Maritime Shipping Lane (Silk Road) New Maritime Shipping Lane Interlinkage to Malaysian Ports

Indonesia

Interlinkage to International Ports Malaysian Ports International Ports

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

“ Can the introduction of the new urban conditions benefit from and reinforce the existing (industrial) conditions of the site? ”

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Site Setting ENLIVENING LANGKAWI The Island is a renowned tourist destination which means that tourism remains as one of its main economy. The agro-based industry here has been practiced for generations before tourism became popular. Langkawi Eco-Port City becomes a part of the NCER; Northern Corridor Economic Region development programme. Situated at the threshold of the Straits of Malacca, Langkawi Port City occupies a position of strategic significance in the new international shipping lane Silk Road. The planned intensification of transport through the site renders inevitable its emergence as a new center. At present, there are 2 small cities in Langkawi Island, Pekan Kuah and Pantai Chenang. Situated at the lower region of the island, Pekan Kuah serves as the only accessible ferry terminal, making it an opportunity to propose another terminal (also a city) on the northern region of the island.

Industrial Zone

Residential + Mixed Development

The question is not whether Langkawi will develop, but how? If successful, a new city center in Langkawi could fulfill Malaysiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s coastal ambitions and establish a node for interaction between various components of Malaysianâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economy. The existing use of the site consists primarily of logistics. The operations of the port and its related functions define the quality of much of the site and adjacent areas. What if, rather than attempting to suppress or insulate these uses from new development, they are considered as latencies capable of forming the identity of a new city? Thailand Mainland Satun Port

PANTAI CHENANG

Proposed Site

Telaga Harbour

Langkawi Island

Langkawi International Airport

Kuala Perlis Jetty

Malaysia Mainland

Kuah Jetty

Porto Malai

Kuala Kedah Jetty

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

PEKAN KUAH

POLITICAL SITE CONTEXT These coastal zones are important because majority of the islandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population inhabit such zones. Coastal zones are continually changing because of the dynamic interaction between the oceans and the land. Coastal communities will be first to suffer at the hands of climate change and rising sea levels and it is therefore important to develop strategies to deal with this in the future. The diverse ecosystems at the border of land and sea present an opportunity of ecological development but also disaster unless cared for.

Gasing Island Pasir Island

Dangli Island

Opportunity for use

Potential Bunker fuel supply outlet

Integrating local businesses into masterplan

Jalan

Teluk

Langkawi Craft Complex

Relocate mature trees into Forest Link development

Crystal Glass Batik & Songket Complex

Blowing

ngat

Teluk Yu Public Park

yer Ha

ela

LaFarge Cement factory

Relocate Craft Centre into Masterplan

lu M

Langkawi Petronas Oil Terminal

Sub-Urban Residential Zone Jalan A

High availabilty of local construction material

Relocate & enhance Teluk Yu Public park

Jala

Industrial Zone

Opportunity for local employment

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Development Strategy In order to ensure the implementation of large-scale regeneration projects, they need to be broken down into manageable components.

Component 2

The design organizes the site in a series of parallel bands running east-west. The irregular extension of these layers creates dynamic arrangement and increases the proximity of the city to the water. The layers form a stack of different and juxtaposed piers, each varying in terms of architectural typology, programme, density, and landscape.

TRADING & AGRICULTURE Component 1 INDUSTRIAL & LANGKAWI ECOLOGISTICS PORT CITY DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTS Component 6

On top of the layers, a circular loop, Forest Link is superimposed. Whereas the parallel bands provide difference and diversity, the loop provides cohesion and unity. Forest Link acts as the heart of the city; it consolidates infrastructure, transportation, and circulation. Within it, the loop contains a vast, continuous park and the most public elements benefiting from proximity to nature.

PRIVATE ACCOMMODATION

Component 5

Component 3 MIXED COMMERCIAL

Component 4 CULTURE, EDUCATION & HEALTH

ENTERTAINMENT Green Connectivity

The components are strategically arranged in response to the surrounding context to achieve a diverse and sustainable Port City.

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

The green areas from each district mapped a strip of public realm across the development.

The idea to create a continuous strip that connects between each component. This connecting green area / plaza can be access via tram around the development.

PRIVATE ACCOMMODATION

CULTURAL + EDUCATION

ENTERTAINMENT

E ST L I N K

MIXED COMMERCIAL

TRADING + AGRICULTURE

INDUSTRIAL + LOGISTICS

FOR

PRIVATE ACCOMMODATION

CULTURAL + EDUCATION

ENTERTAINMENT

MIXED COMMERCIAL

TRADING + AGRICULTURE

INDUSTRIAL + LOGISTICS

PRIVATE ACCOMMODATION

CULTURAL + EDUCATION

ENTERTAINMENT

MIXED COMMERCIAL

TRADING + AGRICULTURE

INDUSTRIAL + LOGISTICS

PRIVATE ACCOMMODATION

CULTURAL + EDUCATION

ENTERTAINMENT

MIXED COMMERCIAL

TRADING + AGRICULTURE

INDUSTRIAL + LOGISTICS

Close Loop Connectivity

The Forest Link becomes a green infrastructure that occupies the site, providing a systematic circulation and connectivity across the whole Port City.

E AT IV

I AT

ZONE

COMMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL +

M 3:

TI CA

1000 m 600 400 100 200 0

PIER 6: ENTERTAINMENT

PETRONAS OIL

FOREST LINK

TERMINAL

LAFARGE CEMENT

FACTORY

71 Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Masterplan Development Strategy

EVOLUTION OVER TIME:

PRESENT - 2022

PHASING STRATEGY

Approx. YEAR 2022-2027

Malacca Strait

Prevailing Wind

PI ER 3: CO M M ER CI AL Q U PI 4:

M Q U TE

Existing road infrastructure

Logistic pier located near to oil terminal Potential Bunker fuel supply outlet

Expanding existing commercial zones

G IS TI

Taking advantage of being surrounded by greeneries

•

Masterplan begins with the main component of Port City; Industrial & Sea Port Logistics Zone. • Development of Trading Zone as it benefit from port activities the most. (Duty free shopping centres, Office buildings etc) • Integration of Agriculture activities to achieve cradle-to-cradle ecological system. • Integration of urban marketplace to reduce food miles. • Construction of Forest Link begins • All these elements should be aligned in order to realise smooth port operations.

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

•

Development of Mixed Commercial Zones to attract locals and tourist to experience Port City; Cruise Terminal, Hotels, Malls etc. • Another Pier is installed to cater growing number of tourists and visitors, integrated with passenger ferry terminal, connecting Port City from other existing ferry terminal. • Forest Link expansion, Tram service partially (connecting relevant districts only). • Install Park&Ride or centralized parking facility, interconnected with Urban Link

Approx. YEAR 2027-2032

DEVELOPMENT COMPLETION

Approx. YEAR 2037

Malacca Strait

Prevailing Wind

PI ER 7:

E AT IV

AI RT

I AT

FOREST LINK

Residential zones

+ PI ER 5: CU LT U RE & ED U TI CA O

•

Development of Culture+Education Zone, to encourage support from all ages, especially students and tourists. • Located near to existing sub-urban settlings, providing local employment and integration to existing natural surroundings. • Development of Entertainment Zone, interconnected with other relevant districts. • Forest Link complete, Tram service runs in a loop throughout the Port City.

•

Development of Private Accommodation island, connected via Entertainment District. • Attracts people to invest in luxurious living environment. Integration of a private linkage to nearby island, offers tenants with exclusive beach experience. • Langkawi Port City development reached completion .

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Urban Design Strategies As the urbanization continues, rethinking strategies for development for Langkawi Eco-Port City is critical to the economic and ecological success of the region. The Urban Design Strategy is a vision for the physical development of Langkawi Eco-Port City. It identifies five key principles that will contribute toward positive change in the city:

COMMUNITY

MOBILITY

PARKS / GREEN SPACES

LOCAL BUSINESSES

SUSTAINABILITY

Maritime Museum

Open Amphitheatre

Yacht Rental

Shuttle Bus

Green Buffer

Pocket Spaces

Waterfront Dining

Energy Harvesting Powerplant

Solar Panel

Hospital

Floating Pool

Tram

Sea Port

Pop-Up Gallery

Jogging Track

Foodtrucks

Smart Grid Structural System

Marine Habitat Restoration

Mosque

Premium Outlets

Ferry Hub

Street Furniture

Flea Market

Hydroponics

Kinetic Flooring

Themed Park

School

Cruise Terminal

Multi-Levels

Floating Bar

Paddy Field

Poultry Farm

Centralized Parking

Undulating Landscape

Urban Marketplace

Green Roof

Arts & Culture Centre

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

COMMUNITY

MOBILITY

PI ER

PARKS / GREEN SPACES

7: PR E AT IV CO M M D

I AT

FOREST LINK

M M ER CI

PIER 6: ENTERTAINMENT

LOCAL BUSINESSES SUSTAINABILITY

PI ER 2: TR AD IN G PI

PI +

C 5:

M 3:

Jalan

Teluk

U TI CA O N

1000 m

600

lu M ela

400

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

100 200

Jala

Forest Link A circular loop of landscaped public platforms will be built across series of piers, to form a ‘Forest’. Densely populated with a variety of local plant species and water features, the continuous level experience is designed to mimic Malaysian’s tropical forests. Forest Link contemplates the preservation or relocation of as many mature trees on site as is feasible, and the addition of new drought tolerant trees and plantings. The tree groupings form “mini canopies” of their own. The benefits to the trees are obvious; better protection from the elements of the sun, while inviting the prevailing wind, as the Forest Link is elevated higher from the platform level. The circular loop is superimposed where it consolidates infrastructure, transportation, and circulation. The infrastucture contains a vast, continuous park and the most prominent transportation system (an integrated tram circulation and service access). An extensive network of public activities & local businesses such as F&B kiosks, will be threaded throughout the elevated infrastructure, connecting all piers with recreational environments.

Langkawi Eco-Port City, Malaysia

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

What makes Langkawi Eco-Port City unique and different from other typical port cities: Integrating greenery into a port city development

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Forest Link - Typologies The Forest Link aims to combine the tram network with a series of strategies addressing new challenges forged in the design development. Some strategies are technologies within the tram itself, other will be strategic scenarios related to the immediate surroundings and development zones. The planned route of tram station within Forest Link runs through both dense urban centres as well as open green corridors. Along the track, the design challenge is to identify a series of leftover spaces, suitable for development around the stations. These are the areas that have the potential as key development zones for defining the urban centres in the Langkawi Eco-Port City.

Surrounded

Open Green Corridor

Attached

Sandwiched

Covered

Merged

Branched

Inhabited

The area surrounding the tram stations was programmed either high density, low density and open areas. The series of stations could become a catalogue of different ways to combine buildings with stations, ranging from real hybrid solutions to clusters around stations or landmark developments. Proposed typologies for Forest Link development are as diagrammed on the right;

Influencing Choices

Improving Choices

Making green transport attractive to users (Demand Side)

Making green transport available to users (Supply Side)

Sabah RM

Terengganu

Selangor

RM RM

Melaka

Johor

Kedah

Sarawak

Negeri Sembilan

Pahang

Perak RM

Perlis Kuala Lumpur

Pulau Pinang

The thematic tram stations represent 14 states in Malaysia with specifically diverse and unique culture-related features.

RM RM

Kelantan *RM; Ringgit Malaysia (Local Currency)

The development of Forest Link increases values of surrounding real estate market. It becomes a financing model for sustainable economic progress.

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Mobility PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Designed to prioritize pedestrian connections, infrastructure related to vehicular traffic is located at the ground level, while a contiguous system of public space forms a new public realm adjacent to tram stations on the top level of the Forest Link. With the presence of the circular loop and centralized car park, it is possible to have a car-free city, where all of the user will travel by tram and shuttle buses. Other than that, the Port City also introduce bike paths (cycle routes) around the port, through which the public can explore the port sites or have good views of the working port activities.

Shuttle Bus

Tram

Centralized Parking

TRAM ROUTE For maximum desirability, it is important that the tram stations are easily accessible. As a rule of thumb, the average distance from a point to the nearest public transportation stops/stations are within a 5-minute walk or maximum of 400 metres radius. AIterations were made to draw out the best strategy.

Cycle Paths 400m

ALTERNATIVE ACCESS INTO LANGKAWI ECO-PORT CITY Port City will have alternatives access, mainly focusing on the passenger ferry port. Other than that, cruise port and yacht port are also integrated in the development to meet the demand of the increasing number of tourist travelling to Langkawi Island via water.

m Fro

Kra

Port Satun From Jetty Perlis Kuala Jetty From d e K ah Kuala From

l na

Cruise Terminal PASSENGER FERRY PORT

SEA PORT

VEHICLE FERRY PORT

Yacht Rental

Passenger Ferry Hub

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

CRUISE PORT

YACHT PORT

FREE SHUTTLE AROUND LANGKAWI ECO-PORT CITY BICYCLE ROUTE

SERVICE ROAD

200m

CENTRALIZED PARKING

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Langkawi Eco-Port City Masterplan

1. Sea Port 2. Ship Repair & Services 3. Vehicle Ferry Port 4. Market Place 5. Agriculture 6. Low-cost Housing 7. Office Blocks 8. Solar Harvesting Powerplant 9. Cruise Port 10. Premium Outlet Mall 11. Public Beach 12. Theme Park 13. Central Carpark 14. Passeger Ferry Port 15. Marina Pier 16. Marine Museum 17. Casino 18. Instituitions 19. Research Centre 20. Hospital 21. Residential Area 22. Private Island 23. Main Tram Circulation 24. Night Floating Market

L 1: O G IS TI CS

3 2

PETRONAS OIL TERMINAL

PIER 3: MIXED COMMERCIAL 0

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

100 200

400

600

1000 m

PI ER P 7:

RI TE VA AC CO

M O

M 4:

I AT

FOREST LINK

CO M

M CI

ER 2: TR AD IN

G &

RESIDENTIAL + COMMERCIAL ZONE

PI 5:

PIER 6: ENTERTAINMENT

AFARGE CEMENT FACTORY

21 6

TI CA

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Introduction to Main Design Features The masterplan is broken down into smaller features, more clearly related to the transport hubs/ nodes/connections as this is the motif which connects all the areas of the city, resulting in; A focus study on detailing Forest Link; its typologies and how it influences the surrounding development

1. MAIN CIRCULATION (Connectivity via Tram)

2. GREENERIES (Elevated public park injected with activities)

Cruise Port

Hotel

FOREST LINK

Hotel Office

RESIDENTIAL

FOREST LINK

PIER 3: MIXED COMMERCIAL

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

OFFICE

1. PLANNING (Buildings positioning / orientation)

BUILT FORM

2. ENERGY REPRODUCTION (Renewable Energy)

3. MATERIALS (Structure, Facade & Finishes)

1. MARINE HABITAT 2. MODULAR RESTORATION SUPERSTRUCTURE (Marine ecologies) (Future expansion)

SMART GRID

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Introduction to Main Design Features GROUND FLOOR; LEVEL 00 On the ground level (Platform level), the threshold of the arrival at the building is a destination in itself. Below the residential and office buildings, are light commercial retail units, engaging passer-by and gives visitors a welcoming spontaneous activity. All buildings have reasonable provision for all people to gain access and use the building, through the main lobby and also alternative entrances (from promenades & waterfront sides). The access to individual buildings are reasonably clear as the landscape around the development are relatively flat, allowing easy access for wheelchair user & elderly too. Each of the building has their own drop-offs with VIP parking or waiting area located at main lobbies and entrances, providing direct access to the development.

04 Ground Floor Plan Level 00 ; Platform Level (Scale to fit)

Key:

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Retail Units

Residential Lobby

Office Lobby

Drop-Off

Residential Units

Office Space

Tram Stop

Forest Link

01 01

04 03

04 01

H I

03 01

J K L M

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Introduction to Main Design Features FIRST FLOOR; LEVEL +01 The Forest Link provides the primary source of commercial activity for the urban design. It occupies an extensive network of public activities & local businesses such as F&B kiosks, will be threaded throughout the elevated infrastructure, connecting all piers with recreational environments. This particular typology offers direct access to the adjacent residential and office buildings, provided that maximum security management is applied to segregrate the movement of residents, workers and the public visitors.

01 01

E F

04 04 03

Key:

04 01

H I

03 01

J K L M

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Retail Units

Residential Units

Residential Lobby

Office Space

Office Lobby

Tram Stop

Drop-Off

Forest Link

TYPICAL FLOOR; > LEVEL +02 The upper levels of the developments can only be accessed via the lower floors lobby. The office spaces stretch over the Forest Link, strategically leaving the area beneath it becomes a new kind of covered urban space.

E F

G H

03 08

01 02

03 02

08 32

K L M

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Introduction to Main Design Features

2 12500

Section A-A’

3 12500

4 12500

5 12500

6 12500

7 12500

8 12500

1250

(Scale to fit)

Key:

Retail Units

Residential Lobby

Office Lobby

Drop-Off

Residential Units

Office Space

Tram Stop

Forest Link

A A’

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

DETAIL 1

10 12500

11 12500

12 12500

13 12500

14 12500

15 12500

16 12500

17 12500

18 12500

19 12500

20 12500

21 12500

22 12500

23 12500

24 12500

DETAIL 3

DETAIL 2

DETAIL 4

DETAIL 5

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Introduction to Main Design Features

3 5 4

6 7 8

1. Tempered Glass handrail with Stainless Steel balustrade 2. Composite Concrete slab 3. Reinforced Concrete beam 4. Composite Ceiling board 5. 10mm laminated Glass sliding door 6. Extruded Aluminium fins shading device 7. Pre-cast Composite modular Concrete slab 8. Steel plate Structure 9. Hollow section Concrete column 10. Photovoltaic Panel 11. Modular Steel Frame Curtain Wall 12. Chilled beam 13. Reinforced Concrete column 14. Parapet Wall 15. Steel Frame structure 16. Low-voltage Electrified Recycle Scrap Metal 17. Sunlight Receptor 18. Light Transmiting column

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

DETAIL 1

17 10

14 1

14 10

5 4

10 2

18 2

DETAIL 2

DETAIL 3

8 10

15 16

11 4

DETAIL 4

DETAIL 5 Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Superstructure [Level -01] SMART GRID STRUCTURAL SYSTEM The port is constructed in series of 25m x 25m modules. The arrangement of the modules are in arrays, supporting one another side by side. Each module has a systematic construction detail in creating the port infrastructure.

Modular Composite Concrete Slab •

25m

Precast Modular Composite Concrete Slab.

•

Manufactured off-site, easier and quicker construction on site.

25m

•

Supported by steel structures and trusses at the top of the Concrete Column.

25m

Primary steel structuare & trusses

Hollow concrete column •

•

Low Voltage Electrified Recycled Scrap Metals

Hollow concrete column

•

is by using recycled scrap

concrete shells.

metals, including translocation

The design of the precast

of healthy fragments.

concrete shell is repetitive

•

will easily be attracted by

formwork to be used.

running low voltage electrical

Hollow concrete becomes

currents through seawater to

a permanent formwork for

crystallize dissolved minerals

primary column construction.

onto installation.

module detail

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Coral propagules in the ocean

which allows the same

25m x 25m structural column

Construction of the installation

are form by series of precast

MARINE HABITAT RESTORATION The water plays a large part of the ecosystem on earth but there are a number consideration to be taken before the Port City affects life in the ocean. It delivers ecosystem services to tourism, fisheries and shoreline protection. Coral reefs are calcium carbonate structures that form some of the most diverse ecosystems on earth. The restoration will include translocation of healthy fragments, not just providing underwater structure. Once the art installations are placed underwater and are electrified, fish will come in throngs and swarm around them.

UNDERWATER ART INSTALLATION

MARINE HABITAT

Construction of column would disrupt marine habitat in short term

Aims to restore the marine habitat by integrating smart construction

Rehabilitate Areas + Maintain Recreational Opportunities

Provide Natural Learning Environments

Port infrastructure + Underwater installation of art

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Platform Level [Level 00] URBAN LANDSCAPE Within its organization it include plazas, landscapes and promenades, all of which alter and choreograph how people move through, participate in and enjoy the space due to its flexibility. Street paving, furnishings, plantings and fountains invigorate this space for activity and flow. The waterfront along the pier anchors a series of interactive landscapes & promenades with engaging social spaces, contemporary architecture, stunning water features, street furnitures, amusements and seasonal plantings. Langkawi Eco-Port City will not only creating a sustainable city but also a center of activity and culture that is reflective of an authentic Langkawi Island identity.

Street Furniture

Undulating Landscape Green Buffer

Jogging Track

Multi Level

Artificial Beach

Floating Amphitheatre

Pocket Spaces Pop Up Gallery

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Forest Link [Level 01] Forest Link represents a symbiotic vision of nature and living within the space of the port city. Langkawi Eco-Port City will generate an integrative environment that fuses forest landscape with the rapidly growing metropolis. As a result, new qualities of urban living will emerge in this mixed-use environment of work, life, culture, entertainment and public enjoyment. It offers a little something for everybody : peace and tranquility for those who simply want to relax, and also a place for families to get together in a refreshing natural environment.

Indigenous plants; local and existing plants are used as part of Forest Link landscape. Locally fragrant plants such as lemongrass, pandan and mints are used to produce calming scent to the surrounding development

Shaded by vegetation

The tree groupings form â&#x20AC;&#x153;mini canopiesâ&#x20AC;? of their own. Better protection from the elements of the sun, while inviting the prevailing wind, as the Forest Link is elevated higher from the pier level.

Tram Station

Kiosk / Pop up Gallery

Pedestrian walkway + bicycle lane

O O

Pedestrian walkway

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Forest Link [Level 01] “PLUGGING IN” This Forest Link typology offers a new paradigm for the public realm, establishes a pedestrian-accessible connectivity to surrounding developments. The threshold of the arrival into the development, Forest Link itself is a destination in itself as it can accomodate large scale festivals, events, performances, cultural programs, public art works, among other social functions. It does not only about revenue, but also an opportunity to seamlessly connect different programmes of the surrounding development, particularly at the Forest Link-level. The Forest Link infrastructure has a relatively large footprint, but with the streetfacing access, pedestrians wouldn’t know it from walking down the street.

Parts of the building are structurally crossing overhead of Forest Link. The atriumlike area becomes a new kind of covered urban space Direct connectivity to residential building Parts of the building are structurally crossing overhead of Forest Link. The atrium-like area becomes a new kind of covered urban space

Direct access to office buildings

A’

100

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

101

Materiality MANUFACTURING PREFABRICATED COMPONENTS Precast concrete that be manufactured offsite easily. There is an existing cement factory adjacent to the site making concrete as a sustainable material.

LOCALLY AVAILABLE MATERIAL Development in Langkawi Eco-Port City uses predominantly locally available materials, LaFarge Cement, to support the local industries and to minimize energy wastage in transporting them to site.

Langkawi Eco-Port City Lafarge Cement Factory

ay ely 1.5km aw Approximat

PHOTOVOLTAIC MATERIAL SOURCE

Site LANGKAWI ISLAND

MALAYSIA MAINLAND

ly 1 ate xim pro Ap

Kuala Perlis Jetty

20 ay aw

Malaysia has emerged as one of the major “hubs” of the largest solar PV manufacturers in the world. First Solar, which is a provider of comprehensive PV solar energy solutions is located in Kedah, reasonably near to Langkawi Eco-Port City

Prefab PV Integrated ETFE Modules Kulim, Kedah Source: Available at http://www. solarsystemmalaysia.com/tag/ solar-manufacturers/

102

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS PV-integrated ETFE can be an effective way of producing energy when integrated onto buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s envelope. The high amount of exposed surface is able to generate a significant amount of energy on a daily basis in a tropical country like Malaysia, resulting in great cost saving in terms of energy use.

CHILLED BEAMS Another cooling system integrated in buildings is locally manufactured active chilled beams (ACBs), directly removing radiation striking the floor. The floor stays cool, increasing thermal comfort.

VERTICAL ALUMINIUM LOUVRES Recycled aluminium is used for the vertical louvres. It is lightweight and requires up to 95% less energy to recycle aluminium than to produce primary metal and thereby avoids corresponding emissions, including greenhouse gases.

CURTAIN WALL The material proposed for the curtain walling is Laminated Double Glazed Low-E Glass as it has the ability to reduce solar heat gain. The glass will also have variation of light&dark lamination to filter the direct sunlight into the building.

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

103

Environmental Strategy Built forms in Langkawi Eco-Port City are oriented along north and south direction, and have longer facade. Good passive design strategy should reduce direct sunlight penetration into the building as East & West oriented facade receive about 50% more sunshine than North & South oriented facade. With a sustainable design strategies, East & West facade of buildings will have specialized facade treatment which regenerates energy from the sunlight and at the same time allowing acceptable amount of indirect lighting into the building

07.30 am

10.30 am

04.30 pm

07.30 pm

104

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

105

Residential Building Facade The facade for residential differs from the other commercial buildings. Its facade is integrated with recessed balcony. Apart from the use of window and door opening, a balcony is an alternative architectural element as a wind scoop for scooping the air into a building to allow for better ventilation in naturally ventilated buildings. The goal for the recessed balcony integration within the residential building is to allow the interior spaces be lit and ventilated naturally as much as possible. This type of balcony maximizes the amount of bounced sunlight into the space and also to avoid excessive rainwater overflowing into the recessed balcony compared to protuding ones.

Full Height Sliding Door Building envelope is also integrated with a full height door to allow better ventilation in the residential unit.

Double Glazed Low-E Glass The material used for the glass windows is double glazed low-E glass as it has the ability to reduce solar heat gain. The glass will also have variation of light&dark lamination to filter the direct sunlight into the building.

Recessed Balcony The residential building facade is integrated with a semi-recessed balcony, a balcony which does not protrude from the building face to provide better privacy, better architectural articulation and better weather protection.

106

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

Office Building Facade The proposed building envelope is by integrating slanted surfaces to minimize the direct sunlight acting against the walls, thus reducing the internal temperature. The office facade is designed with operable facade system operates in either two modes. The first is the natural ventilation mode which allows sunlight to penetrate deeper into the building, and uses fresh external air from operable windows or dampers to cool the internal spaces. It also relies predominantly on the stack effect for hot air to be expelled through high-level exhausts. The second is the mechanical mode and sees the facade components closed and the HVAC switched on, and is used when the building completely concealed.

ETFE PV-integrated ETFE can be an effective way of producing energy when integrated onto buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s envelope. ETFE film insulation properties are more effective than glass.

Sun Shading Device Sun shading device diffuses the direct sunlight penetration in the building, angled according to the sun angle.

Operable Window Building envelope is also integrated with operable windows to allow cross ventilation in the internal spaces.

Double Glazed Low-E Glass The material proposed for the curtain walling is Laminated Double Glazed Low-E Glass as it has the ability to reduce solar heat gain. The glass will also have variation of light&dark lamination to filter the direct sunlight into the building.

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

107

108

Urban Design Thesis Project Langkawi Eco-Port City

109

quod erat dēmonstrandum atelier

Master of Architecture [ RIBA Part II ] Manchester School of Architecture, Manchester Metropolitan University & University of Manchester, United Kingdom