Harvesting in Salia Sahi
JustSustainabilityinInformalSettlementsintheGlobalSouth
PLAN 4320 Sustainable Communities
Sayeeda Akhtari Bano
Ayushi Mavuduru
Salia Sahi, Bhubaneswar, India
(Google Earth 2022)
Salia Sahi
256-acre span of nationally-classified forest land
Cluster of 31 settlements between administrative wards 15 and 16
9,120 households, population of 40,750
(Regulation, Management, and Development) Bill History (Misra 2014) (Johanssonand Josefson 2011)
Recognized as an informal settlement by the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation
1988 1992 1998 2011
NGO installed
Formalized electricity connections established 1999 90% of
have electricity
64 hand pumps
households
Orrisa Groundwater
Current Infrastructure
Odisha's Public Health and Engineering Organization (PHEO) has provided:
4,000 Group-owned borewells in all of Bhubaneswar's informal settlements
Tube wells
Boreholes 13.5%
Monthly cost of PHEO tap connection
Standpipes
10-15 families pay rs50-300 a month (Misra 2014)
Daily allowance on rs25 water ATM card
rs500 10 L (Misra 2014) (Ramnath 2020) (Sathapathy 2012)
Of residents in all of Bhubaneswar's informal settlements have access to tap water in their homes (Lenka 2018)
Challenges
155 92 365
Challenges in Detail
35.5% of residents walk over 100 meters, 20% walk close to 500 meters (Lenka 2018)
Thirty to forty households sharing a single water source (Satapathy 2012)
(Round Table India 2019) (Misra 2014)
Dehydration, stomach pain, and gastric issues (Lenka 2018)
Water table drops 10 meters in summer months (Misra 2014)
waterfromanemergencytanker
borewellandoverhead
SaliaSahiresidentswaitinlinetofill
followingcycloneFani Resident-constructed
storagetank
Water as a Just Sustainability Issue
More than 20% of Dalits in India do not have access to safe drinking water
(Minority Rights Group and InternationalDalit Solidarity Network, 2019)
Caste oppressed communities face violence and exclusion from access to public water sources
(Jadhav, 2018)
Dalit and OBC Christians displaced after Hindu extremist violence in Kandhamal District in 2008
(Apoorvanand, 2020)
Many Salia Sahi residents interviewed in 2016 said they migrated to the informal settlement as a result
(Patnaik and Thakur, 2016)
System Design
Unfinished materials in existing roofs
Space Constraints
Frequency of cyclones
Corrugated metal roof 6x8 meter configuration Narrow galvanized steel tank
(Illarionovdv 2022) (Johanssonand Josefson 2011)System Design in Detail
(Patnaik and Thakur 2016) (De Albuquerque 2010)
(Mayo Clinic 2020) (McCarton et al 2021)
Monthly Demand Monthly Harvestable Rainwater Yield 100L 3.2
Surface
Catchment
Average Monthly rainfall
A=48 sq m h e= 0.9 �� = 0.9
Calculations Daily Water Demand Per Person
L Average Household Size 4 people Treatment Efficiency Coefficient
Runoff Coefficient
Size (sq m)
(mm)
Results
of total annual water needs 13x 43.9% Annual drinking water needs
Drinking Only
All Uses
2.62
Coverage
June- October
November- May
Minimum Tank Size
cubic liters
Impacts
• Eliminates year-round need to walk to a communal drinking water source
• Reduction in illness due to bacterial and iron contamination of drinking water
Social Benefits
• Individualized units address social exclusion and lack of transparency in group provisioning methods
• Better protection to homes during monsoons and cyclone events
• Less energy intensive treatment process
Environmental Benefits
• Removes strain on local aquifers during summer months
• Mitigates waterlogging
• Alleviates surface water contamination due to runoff
Challenges
Resident Education Maintenance Waste management and pollution Initial cost
Proposal
Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) 2.0
Partnerships Needed:
Residents and City government
National-level program, renewed in October 2021
Emphasis on water supply, sewage, and stormwater management 20%-40%-40%
Funding ratio based on achievement of state-set milestones
(Departmentof Housingand Urban Development
2020; AMRUT Mission Directorate 2021)
State and Central Governments
State Government, Local Corporations, NGOs City Government, Residents, Plumbing and Construction
Industry NGOs, Residents, Environmental Experts
Implementation Process
Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation includes Salia Sahi Rainwater
Harvesting plan in City Water Action Plan
Local NGOs, residents, and environmental experts partner to measure outcomes of rainwater harvesting system
PHEO submits outcomes report to Indian Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, receives full funding for projects
Odisha Public Health and Engineering Organization aggregates
Bhubaneswar's City Water Action Plan into State Water Action Plan
Indian Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs approves AMRUT 2.0 funded projects in Odisha's State Water Action Plan
Residents and local NGOs collaborate to provide labor for installation
Odisha PHEO allocates funds for rainwater harvesting plan through local corporate partnerships
State and local government reimburse local corporate partners and NGOs
References
Amrut Mission Directorate. 2021. Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation 2.0. New Delhi.
Apoorvanand. 2020 Aug 25. On the Anniversary of Kandhamal Violence, the Least We Can Do Is Remember [Internet]. The Wire.
Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation. 2022. Organization: Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation.
Google Earth. 2021. Salia Sahi, Bhubaneswar, India [Internet]. Maxar Technologies.
Housing and Urban Development Department. 2013. Odisha State Urban Water Supply Policy [PDF]. Public Health and Engineering Organization Odisha.
Department of Housing and Urban Development. 2020. AMRUT Mission Overview [Internet]. Urban Odisha.
Illarionovdv. 2022. Rainwater collection tank in front of a house [Photograph]. Encyclopedia Britannica
Jadhav R. 2018. Dalit Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction [Internet]. Round Table India.
Johansson L, Josefson E. 2011. From Different Perspectives- A Case Study of A Slum Area in Bhubaneswar, India [Diploma Work for Master’s Degree]. [Blekinge Institute of Technology].
Lenka A. 2018. Access to Water Supply and Sanitation Services: A Study of Urban Poor In Bhubaneswar, Odisha [PDF]. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts. 6(2):228–238
Minority Rights Group, International Dalit Solidarity Network. 2019 Sep 9. HRC42 – IDSN and MRG on the right to water and caste-based discrimination [Internet]. Minority Rights Group International.
Misra K. 2014. From Formal/Informal to Emergent Formalization: Fluidities in the Production of Urban Waterworlds [PDF]. Water Alternatives. 7(1): 15-34.
Motwani P, Taneja T. 2019. Water Distribution at Salia Sahi [Photograph]. RTI LCI Cyclone Fani Relief.
Patnaik S, Thakur N. 2016. Report on Salia Sahi Slum Study [PDF]. Bhubaneswar, Odisha: Xavier Institute of Management.
Prava P. 2020 Jan 21. Pandakudia Slum Shows “Smart City” Bhubaneswar Has a Long Way to Go [Internet]. Down to Earth.
Prava P. 2022 May 7. Women in Slums, Stranded Migrant Workers Grapple with Water Access in Bhubaneswar [Internet]. Mongabay.
Ramnath R. 2016. Smart Cards for Drinking Water in Slums [Internet]. Times of India.
Satapathy B. 2012. Water and Sanitation State Series 2012 Odisha: After Baby Steps, Run! [PDF]. New Delhi, India: Health of Urban Poor Program.