Land and Livestock Post, Feb. 18, 2013

February February2013 2013——Issue Issue2

Let us spray

To apply or Two new products effective not in wartoonapply? mesquite and sandbur PAGE 10

XXXXXXXXXXXXXX PAGE 12

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JAMES THOMPSON ‘WEST TEXAS OF CHINA’

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Straight Japan eases from restrictions the horse's onmouth.

U.S. beef.

Straight from Economist tours thecotton horse'sfields mouth. of south Xinjiang.

Straight from Register now for thesummer horse's mouth. horsemanship school.

Straight from Workshop discusses the horse's how mouth. to select the best bull.

2

February 2013 — Issue 2 

The Land & Livestock Post

B

From the General Manager

OMAHA, Neb. — Ranchers welcomed Japan’s recent decision to ease restrictions on U.S. beef imports, saying it will provide a boost to the American meat industry, but cautioning that it will take time before exports to Japan reach their levels of a decade ago.

Japan is one of the biggest importers of U.S. beef, despite restrictions that for years haven’t

allowed the import of beef from cattle older than 20 months instead of the industry standard of 30 months. Those restricted imports were allowed only after Japan banned U.S. beef altogether in 2003 after the U.S. recorded its first case of mad cow disease, which can cause a fatal brain disease in humans.

The news of the expanded export market is welcome especially now because the beef industry has been hurt by sev-

See JAPAN, Page 15

February 2013 — Issue 2

greater than any number of points scored on any video game or app. I would crane my neck and climb to the back window of the van to watch as long as I could.

In our cover story we take a look at two herbicides that can help get rid of some invasive plants that damage your pasture.

If you are prompted to use either of these because of this article, and you plan on hiring a crop duster, invite me out to watch the show.

Hope you enjoy this issue, and thanks for reading. ’Til next time,

JOSH FUNK Associated Press



ack in the days before iPads and Angry Birds, car trips for kids consisted of a lot of looking out the window. Both my parents grew up in Lampasas, and the majority of my family still lives there. We usually went at least once a month to visit, and for a kid, a three-hour drive in the backseat of a minivan may as well be a trip across the Atlantic Ocean on a slow freighter. I did a lot of looking out the window, and by the time I was 10 or so, my eyeballs had sucked up every scene between here and the hill country.

We would always cut through the Brazos bottom on the initial leg of our journey. As an adult, I still cut JESSE WRIGHT through that way sometimes because I love driving past the endless rows of cotton. Twenty years ago I could not have dreamed of a more monotonous bore. It was always a special treat when there was a crop duster to break the monotony. The aerial acrobatics of those bright yellow planes as they swooped across the fields provided a thrill

Japan eases ban on U.S. beef

The Land & Livestock Post

News

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The Land & Livestock Post February 2013 — Issue 2



News

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February 2013 — Issue 2

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The Land & Livestock Post  February 2013 — Issue 2

News

Cotton economist tours the ‘West Texas of China’ One way they’re dealing with the latter is trying to establish more cotton spinning and cloth/ apparel (towels) manufactured locally in Xinjiang.”

In Xinjiang, it is “incredibly dry and is much like West Texas,” Robinson said.

“Everything is irrigated, and the irrigation system appears to be a system of canals tapping into reservoirs of snowmelt water from the nearby mountains,” he said. “I saw a few instances of visible white

By Blair Fannin Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service cotton economist John Robinson recently toured what he calls “the West Texas of China,” trekking to southern Xinjiang to get a first-hand look at farming and harvesting practices.

The result of his two-week trip abroad was a collection of observations — views of farming practices and other insights — that will serve as aids in forecasting cotton trends for Texas and U.S. farmers, plus help determine potential worldwide demand.

“Cotton is obviously king there,” he said. “They’re trying to diversify the region’s agriculture by growing more ‘jujubee’ orchards — sort of like a date — potatoes and other (crops).”

He said there is little transportation system in place, observing carts that typically are used for onions and other commodities being hauled.

“If I had to guess I’d say that Xinjiang is probably like West Texas in that it will be the last bastion of domestic Chinese cotton production,” he said “They have to overcome problems with saline soils, and lack of labor, and the cost of hauling cotton bales from there to the eastern portion of China.

salt on the soil surface; it was obvious they have a soil salinity problem.”

Most of the fields he viewed had been harvested, mostly by hand.

“The fields themselves look like nice 10 to 20 acre rectangles, bordered by a row of trees,” he said.

“I think the purpose of the border is like a Rolling Plains shelter belt to mitigate sand-

See CHINA, Page 7

SALE EACH SATURDAY Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service photo by Blair Fannin John Robinson, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service cotton marketing economist, inspects cotton at field trials near College Station. Robinson recently toured what he calls “the West Texas of China,” trekking to southern Xinjiang to get a first-hand look at farming and harvesting practices.

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News

Careful management aids survival during a drought

By James RogeRs Special to The Post

The U.S. Drought Monitor released on Nov. 20 shows the majority of Oklahoma and Texas in severe to extreme drought, with northern Oklahoma and the Panhandle in exceptional drought. The drought impact type in these regions ranges from short- (less than six months) to long-term (greater than six months).

Areas currently in shortterm impact are feeling the effects on seasonal agricultural production. For example, most of the wheat crop is being hurt and grassland production has suffered. Areas in long-term drought are facing severe impacts on grasslands, and surface and subsurface water supplies.

To add to this, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration models indicate that 9 to 15 inches of precipitation are required to end current drought

conditions by the end of February 2013. The seasonal drought outlook, however, is calling for drought persistence through February, and, from February through June, the forecast models are giving equal chances for above, below or normal precipitation.

It is hard to find encouragement when facing current conditions and the outlook. There are reasons for optimism, however:

• Remaining aware of current conditions, accepting them and looking at the forecast predictions gives you better opportunities for long-range forage planning.

• Pasture and range drought insurance is available. Pasture, Rangeland, Forage insurance is a risk management tool developed by the USDA’s Risk Management Agency and reinsured by the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation. This program was

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• Cool-season annual grass production was excellent in spring 2012. These grasses are again present and, with above normal temperatures expected,

See DROUGHT, Page 9

Drought, from Page 8

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only need timely rainfall for spring 2013 production.

• Excellent 2012 spring rainfall meant a lot of hay was made.

Current hay prices are reported as steady (Oklahoma Hay Market Report, Nov. 15), indicating that supplies are presently adequate.

• Conditions in 2012 did not help grassland rejuvenation, but grasslands did not appear to experience additional regression. It is going to take a long time for perennial grasslands to improve and there is no silver bullet for recovery. Rain, rest and good grazing management will continue to be keys to rejuvenation.

• Light insect damage in fall 2012 means greater opportunity to grow more forage with less cost. Expectations for fall armyworm damage were high, but never occurred. Remain on the lookout for armyworms in early 2013, about the time spring forage flush begins.

• The cattle market continues to maintain strength. This is definitely something to be optimistic about. The market often is soft when dealing with drought.

At least there has been a strong market during this drought.

• Herbicides and fertilizer can help you grow more forage with less moisture. Look for weed pressure to begin as early as March. Timely scouting, weed identification and use of the proper herbicide at the proper rate will help you grow more

forage. Likewise, having fertilizer applied will help grow more introduced (bermudagrass, old world bluestem, etc.) forage with less rainfall. Base your fertilizer applications on soil test reports and forage demand.

• Expect a spring forage flush. This year it may only be adequate, but we will grow forage this spring. Be prepared to take advantage of it when it comes. Be sure to take off spring flush by the first of May to give warm-season grasses a chance to recover. There will also be opportunities to establish summer annual short season (crabgrass, sudan, sorghum-sudan) forages that can take advantage of seasonal rainfall. The planting window for summer annual forages is wide, extending into June, but, to take advantage of seasonal moisture, consider getting them in the ground in late April or early May. Things will get better. Until then, producers will need to do an above average job of forage management. This means providing forages seasonal rest, weed control and proper grazing management, and maintaining a grazing rotation.

In other words, take advantage of all the tools in your toolbox.

The Land & Livestock Post

News

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The Land & Livestock Post  February 2013 — Issue 2

News

Weed them out

Two new products improve sandbur, mesquite control

By RoBeRt FeaRs Special to The Post

D

uring the past three years, two new herbicides have been introduced into range and pasture markets that improve control of two very troublesome weeds: sandbur and mesquite.

Pastora herbicide was introduced by DuPont Crop Production in 2010 for the control of sandbur and certain other weeds in Bermuda grass pastures and hayfields. Active ingredients in Pastora are 56.2 percent nicosulfuron and 15 percent metsulfuron. Though metsulfuron has been used for many years in pastures, nicosulfuron is new to this market.

During the spring of last year, Dow AgroSciences launched Sendero, a new herbicide that offers good mesquite control in addition to mimosa, redbud, wisteria, black and honey locust, kudzu and invasive weeds such as thistles, broomweed, croton and bitter sneezeweed. This is the first new mesquite control product to be released since 1987.

Pastora herbicide Pastora is formulated as a dry flowable material, has no haying, grazing or feeding restrictions and is not a restricted-use product. In addition to sandbur, the product controls grasses such as Johnsongrass, Italian ryegrass, Pensacola bahiagrass and crabgrass. One of the broadleaf weeds it controls is henbit. Broadleaf weed control with Pastora is through preemergence as well as postemergence activity. Grass control occurs only from a postemergence treatment.

10

Coastal sandbur (Cenchrus spinifex) is an undesirable grass species that spans the southern U.S. from coast to coast and is found as far north as Kansas and Virginia. This troublesome plant also is known as field sandbur, grassbur or simply sandbur. Botanists changed the name, and in some literature it may still be called by its old scientific name, Cenchrus echinatus.

Sandbur is a problem in pastures and hay fields because it reduces forage quantities and qualities, and sometimes because it can injure the mouths

Texas AgriLife Extension Service photo by Charles Hart Mesquite treated by a new chemical,Sendero,shows signs of mortality.In three years of testing inTexas,77 percent of treated mesquite showed signs of mortality.

Cover photo courtesy of DuPont of livestock.

“Cattle often graze young sandbur plants,” said Paul Baumann of Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service.

“During late stages of seed production, however, capsules or burs are produced that penetrate tissue in and around the cow’s mouth, causing pain and sometimes infection.”

These capsules make the sandbur plant more drought tolerant in dry, sandy soils than other grass species.

The burs soak up soil moisture and hold it until the seeds receive other germination stimulants such as warm temperature sufficient light and correct day length.

“Timing is critical with this herbicide for sandbur control,” Baumann said. “The most important consideration for sandbur control with Pastora is recognition of grassbur early growth stages. Sandburs should be sprayed with Pastora when they are less than two inches tall.”

“Young seedlings can be recognized

by their usual hairless leaves,” Baumann said. “Sheaths surrounding the stem may have hairs along their margins and will generally become pubescent (with hairs) as the plant matures. Stems are somewhat flattened and often purplish-covered at the base.

Tillers develop early in plant growth, which adds to the weeds competitiveness. When you are doubtful about identification, dig seedling plants and you will often find the bur attached in the root area.”

“For sandbur control, apply Pastora at 1 to 1.5 ounces per acre as a broadcast spray, either through ground equipment or by air,” said Craig Alford of DuPont. “Twenty gallons per acre of total spray solution are recommended for ground applications and five gallons per acre for aerial treatments. A non-ionic surfactant or a crop oil concentrate must be used in the spray mix to obtain good results.”

“Applications of Pastora may result in temporary yellowing or stunting

of bermudagrass, but this response will more likely occur if the grass is stressed from adverse environmental conditions such as extreme temperatures or moisture, abnormal soil conditions or cultural practices,” Alford said. “Yellowing and stunting is minimized by treating when bermudagrass has less than two inches of new growth during initial green-up, or by treating within seven days after hay cutting.”

Sendero herbicide

Sendero is a mixture of two molecules previously registered for use on rangeland and pastures, aminopyralid and clopyralid. Aminopyralid is one of the active ingredients in the two products, GrazonNext HL herbicide and Chaparral herbicide. Clopyralid is the single active ingredient in Reclaim herbicide. The new product is a “one jug” pre-mix meaning that tank mixing of herbicides is not required.

See HERBICIDE, Page 12

The Land & Livestock Post

Born to farm, but not sure where to start?

 February 2013 — Issue 2

2013 Next Generation Agricultural Conferences May 23‒24

Brazos Expo Center Bryan, Texas

C

apital Farm Credit and Texas A&M AgriLife Extension are proud to introduce two Next Generation Agricultural Conferences for 2013.

Designed to provide educational and financing opportunities for beginning farmers and ranchers, the conferences will feature topics on:

• • • •

July 18‒19

Taylor County Expo Center Abilene, Texas

Farm financial management Agricultural economic forecasts General agriculture Farm planning and budgeting

Event curriculum will be provided by Texas A&M AgriLife Extension and will be tailored to the type of agriculture in the region.

The conference is free for those who register by May 20. After May 20, conference registration is $50. Speaker information and registration details to come soon at CapitalFarmCredit.com.

T E X A S

L A R G E S T

R U R A L

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877.944.5500 CapitalFarmCredit.com L E N D E R

11

The Land & Livestock Post  February 2013 — Issue 2

News Herbicide, from Page 10 “Both products in the mix are amine formulations, so volatility is very low,” said Charles Hart, former associate department head and Extension program leader for ecosystem science and management, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service.

“Sendero is non-restricted use, meaning a pesticide license is not required for purchase or application of the product.

There are no livestock grazing restrictions associated with the product and when applied

alone, it appears to be fairly mesquite control specific and leaves most desirable shrubs unharmed.”

“Across three years and 14 Texas experimental sites, mesquite mortality averaged 77 percent two years after treatment with Sendero at 0.61 pounds of active ingredient per acre,” said Hart. “Mesquite treated with the current standard of Reclaim plus Remedy Ultra each at 0.25 pound [active ingredient] per acre exhibited 60 percent mortality, two years

See CONTROL, Page 13 Lauderdale Aerial Spraying, LLC Kenneth Lauderdale Cell Phone: 979.255.1380 Office Phone: 979.535.8024 www.lauderdalespraying.com

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February 2013 — Issue 2 

The Land & Livestock Post

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eral years of high feed prices and the drought that hit cattle country hard the past two years, said J.D. Alexander, president of the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association.

“It’s a great shot in the arm,” said Alexander, who runs a feedlot and corn farm near Pilger in northeast Nebraska.

U.S. beef producers eventually hope to restore Japanese sales to their 2003 levels, when Japan was the U.S.’s biggest customer, buying 918 million pounds of beef. If Japan’s loosening of restrictions leads to higher demand, American consumers may pay more for beef.

But the North American Meat Association says the effect on prices is likely to be limited because many popular cuts of meat in Japan, such as tongue, aren’t popular in America.

Iowa State University livestock economist Lee Schulz said he thinks it will take time for American beef to regain market share in Japan because Australian producers have been serving the market well since 2003.

“Australia is not just going to

give up the market share they’ve gained,” Schulz said.

And some Japanese consumers still may be uneasy about U.S. beef, Schulz said.

Mad cow disease, or bovine spongiform encephalopathy, is fatal to cows and can cause a fatal human brain disease in people who eat tainted beef. The World Health Organization has said tests show humans cannot be infected by drinking milk from infected animals.

Japan banned American beef for three years between 2003 and 2006, and it only resumed imports after imposing tough safety standards. U.S. exporters must remove spinal columns, brain tissue and other parts considered linked to mad cow disease from any shipments to Japan.

Japan also insisted that no beef from cattle older than 20-months-old be imported because younger cattle are believed to pose less of a risk of carrying mad cow disease.

For years, U.S. officials had criticized that 20-month standard because they said it wasn’t supported by science. Japanese officials yielded last month.

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News

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The Land & Livestock Post  February 2013 — Issue 2

News Summer Horsemanship School Program accepting registration

By Blair Fannin Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

of 1,344 schools have participated and there have been 235 college students who have served as instructors in the program.”

The 41st Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service Summer Horsemanship School Program is accepting registration from host counties, according to Teri Antilley, equine program specialist in College Station.

“Youth, parents and volunteer leaders are all welcome to join in the fun of riding their own horse, enjoying fellowship with like-minded people and learning from Aggie instructors,” she said.

Participants receive instruction on basic, intermediate and advanced horsemanship skills, Antilley said. Topics include rein aids, lateral movements, collection, stopping, backing, rollbacks, turnarounds, speed control, simple lead changes and flying lead changes, plus other specialized events, interactive lectures and games.

“Over the past 40 years, the program has reached 46,990 youth, parents and volunteer leaders,” Antilley said. “A total

Antilley suggested counties recover the workshop expense by dividing the fee among participants.

“The two-day schools are $1,300 and three-day schools are $1,550,” she said. “A deposit of $300 will be requested upon registration and the remaining balance will be due May 1.”

The workshop fees are: (Two-day school – 16 hours of instruction) • 30 riders – $43.33 per rider • 20 riders – $65 per rider • 10 riders – $130 per rider (Three-day school – 24 hours of instruction) • 30 riders – $51.66 per rider • 20 riders – $77.50 per rider • 10 riders – $155 per rider To register, go to agriliferegister.tamu.edu and enter keyword “horsemanship” or call 979-845-2604. More information about the program can be found at animalscience.tamu.edu/academics/equine/summer-horsemanship/.

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Workshop discusses ways to select the right bull

By Blair Fannin Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

 February 2013 — Issue 2

Purchasing a bull can be a difficult and sometimes expensive proposition for a beef cattle producer. Ranchers got an inside look at how to overcome some of these challenges at a recent workshop held in College Station by the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service.

“We have a lot of breeds of cattle in the U.S. and different cattle work well in different environments,” said Jason Cleere, AgriLife Extension beef cattle specialist, who co-led the workshop with Jason Banta, AgriLife Extension beef cattle specialist at Overton.

Approximately 50 producers attended the workshop, and organizers said the strong numbers will lead to organizing a fall workshop. Cleere dis-

cussed the different types of retail beef available to consumers — prime, choice and select — which is more prevalent at grocery stores, he said.

When selecting a bull, Cleere said, “I encourage you to look at the big picture.”

Fertility and potential calf birth weights were just a few of several points to study, he said.

“Genetic potential for growth and price per pound are other things to consider,” he said.

Cleere advised producers to avoid buying bulls with an unknown background. He said producers should consider buying from a breeder that specializes in producing quality genetics for commercial operations.

Next, consider how much you are willing to pay for a bull.

“How much do I spend? I like to turn this around and say how much do I invest in a bull?”

The Land & Livestock Post

News

See CATTLE, Page 18

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17

The Land & Livestock Post  February 2013 — Issue 2

News Cattle, from Page 17 Cleere said.

Banta said beef producers must identify the goal of their operation before selecting a bull.

Banta said breed type, individual performance data, pedigree and visual appraisal are some of the items to consider when purchasing a bull.

“You are not going to use all of it during selection, but those that apply to the goals of your operation,” he said.

Expected Progeny Differences also are used in bull selection.

These are an estimated measure of the genetic impact of a parent

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on the offspring.

Another point to consider is what is the best breed type?

“That’s the million dollar question,” Cleere said. “Because we don’t have a controlled environment in Texas, we have different types of cattle that are best suited for different parts of the state.”

Heterosis or hybrid vigor also plays a big role in cattle selection for Texas ranchers, he added.

“The more harsh your environmental conditions are, the more important heterosis is,” Cleere said “Hybrid vigor is very important.”

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