Land and Livestock Post

February February 2014 2014 —— Issue Issue 2

A pointed response Using vaccines to boost herd health PAGE 12

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StraightManagement Ranch from the horse's U. course mouth. filling up quickly.

Straight from Prescribed burn thetraining horse's scheduled. mouth.

Straight from Mysterious pest thethreatens horse's mouth.

Texas sorghum crop.

Straight from theseminars Estate-planning horse's mouth. offer good advice.

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February 2014 — Issue 2



The Land & Livestock Post

News From the General Manager

I

n my last sleep-deprived column, I mentioned that my wife and I just had our second child. In my haste I neglected to include a picture, which is one of the requirements of all new parents. So, I have included a picture in this issue to fulfill my duty as a proud papa.

Piper, my daughter, has been on this earth only a few weeks and this picture is just one of probably thou- JESSE WRIGHT sands already taken of her. Thank goodness for smart phones, because I’d be sitting pretty lopsided if I had to carry all those pictures in my wallet.

As we are moving into spring, it looks as if there are a lot of folks in the ag industry who may have overstuffed wallets, and I’m not talking about wallets filled with baby pictures.

The wet weather combined with the current market make for an opportune time to fill up those wallets and purses. I spoke to a client the other day who tried to buy a cattle trailer from a gentleman. The gentleman wouldn’t sell though because the value of the trailer filled with cattle was far higher than the price of the trailer alone.

It’s high time, too; it’s been a long road and folks in this part of the country have been through some tough times in

By Kay LedBetter Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

dance is limited to 40 . To register online and for more information, go to agriliferegister.tamu.edu and enter “ranch management” in the search window.

David Anderson, economist, will kick off the educational event with Planning for Profit and come back later with Marketing Livestock: Cow-calf ? Stockers?

Feedlot?

Mark McFarland, state soil fertility specialist, will present Basic Soils, Soil Fertility, Soil Sampling, Technical and Financial Assistance for Landowners, and What Is a Watershed?

Throughout the course, Redmon will present Weed and Brush Management, Hay Sampling, Sprayer Calibration, Hay Production and Forage Nutritive Value,

It may be three months before the next Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service Ranch Management University, but it is already 25 percent full, said Larry Redmon, AgriLife Extension state forage specialist in College Station.

The Ranch Management University is an intensive five-day event that targets new or inexperienced ranchers and landowners. It is held each spring and Photo courtesy of her proud papa fall, with the next one scheduled April 7-11 at the G. Rollie White New Year’s baby Piper Wright snuggles up with a friend, Kirby.

Visitor’s Center, 7707 Raymond the past few years.

Stotzer Parkway, on the Texas It’s important to protect that • For more information about conA&M University campus in Colinvestment, and in this issue we tent or advertising, contact Jesse lege Station. take a look at vaccinations and Wright at jesse,wright@theeagle.

Registration is $500 and atten- See RANCH, Page 4 how theyedicine can help guard your herd. We also have news and information about upcomImprove your herd’s productivity ing programs as well as tips and advice from some experts in the industry.

Don’t forget to sign up for ALE D N I our electronic newsletter. It’s T M A R H OW not replacing the print version, S just adding another way to get DS your ag news. Just go to www.

FEE landandlivestockpost.com and click on the banner to sign up.

Hope you enjoy this issue, and thanks for reading.

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February 2014 — Issue 2

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News Ranch, from Page 3 Forage Establishment, Importance of Stocking Rate, Alternatives to Hay for Winter Feeding, and Forage Species for Texas.

Dennis Sigler, horse specialist, will present Horse Production 101.

Jason Cleere, beef cattle specialist, will teach Genetic Strategies for Profitable Beef Production, Non-traditional Production Strategies, Body Condition Scores in Beef Cattle, Nutrient Requirements and Supplementation of Beef Cattle, Jim Cathey, wildlife specialist, will present Wildlife-Livestock Integration, Feral Hog Control, Rio Grande Turkey Management, and Using Wildlife as Agriculture

for Property Tax Purposes.

Todd Sink, fisheries specialist, will present Farm Pond Management and lead a farm pond visit.

Mark Tyson, AgriLife Extension associate, will conduct a hog trap demonstration. Colt Sharpton, assistant facilities manager, will present Sheep and Goat Production. Miles Phillips, ecotourism specialist, will present Ecotourism — Marketing Your Ranch Resources.

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February 2014 — Issue 2



The Land & Livestock Post

News Training set for prescribed burn managers in February and March

By Kay LedBetter Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

SONORA — After several years of drought, 2013 produced forage that, under the proper supervision, could fuel prescribed burns and prevent wildfires, according to Ray Hinnant, a Texas A&M AgriLife Research senior research associate in College Station.

The Academy for Ranch Management will host two Texas Department of Agriculture Prescribed Burning Board-approved courses in February and March at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research-Sonora Station located on Texas 55 between Sonora and Rocksprings.

A Prescribed Burning School will be held Feb. 20-22. This ba-

sic prescribed burning workshop will provide information on the history of fire, weather, planning a burn, fuels and fuel moisture and equipment.

The Advanced Prescribed Burning School on March 6-8 builds on the previous school by providing more information on fire behavior, fire effects, and planning and conducting a prescribed burn, Hinnant said.

Individual registration is $395 for each school, plus a $45 facilities use fee due upon arrival.

Successful completion of both courses and a passing grade on the exam will provide the educational component to begin application for either a private, commercial or not-for-profit certified prescribed burn manager through the Texas Department of Agriculture, Hinnant said.

Persons interested in attending either school should go to www. ranchmanagement.org/2014. pdf for a registration form, and mail it and payment to Jeanne Andreski at Texas A&M University, Department Of Ecosystem Science And Management, 2138 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2138. She can be reached at 979-862-2128 for those needing a registration form mailed to them.

“If we continue to receive precipitation, 2014 might be a good year for landowners to get back on track to control cedar, prickly pear and other noxious plants and to help reduce hazardous fuel loads that could lead to catastrophic wildfires,” Hinnant said.

The Academy for Ranch Management is a program of AgriLife Research and the Texas A&M

University department of ecosystems science and management in College Station. The Sonora facilities provide a teaching laboratory for hands-on experience.

Hinnant and Charles “Butch” Taylor, superintendent of the research station, are prescribedburning board instructors. Other

speakers during the two courses include Mort Kothmann, Texas A&M University department of ecosystems science and management professor, and Nick Garza, an AgriLife Research associate at Sonora.

For more information, call Hinnant at 979-820-1778.

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February 2014 — Issue 2

located just off Hwy. 6 and OSR 1415 East OSR • Bryan, Texas 77808 Office: (979) 776-5760 • Fax: (979) 776-4818 Website: www.circlexbrangus.com Steve Densmore, Cattle Mgr., (979) 450-0819, cell • (979) 778-1055, home Chris Duewall, Operations Mgr., (979) 777-6803, cell

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News

Mysterious pest threatens Texas’ grain sorghum crop cy exemption for its use on grain sorghum to control the aphid in Texas.

It is among 10 pesticides now being tested in Texas and Louisiana for their ability to manage sugarcane aphid populations.

“We’re also looking at biological control of this insect,” he

By Rod Santa ana Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

WESLACO — A tiny insect of unknown origin is posing a serious threat to the billion-dollar Texas grain sorghum crop, according to Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service experts.

The threat comes at a time when a lingering drought and market pressures suggest growers will plant a larger than normal crop this year.

“For now, we’re calling this pest the sugarcane aphid,” said Raul Villanueva, an entomologist at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Weslaco. “It was first seen last year. We’re not sure if it’s a new invasive pest or if it just switched hosts, from sugarcane to grain sorghum. But it is a serious threat to this year’s grain crop and at this time there is no proven control for it.”

An insecticide known as Transform WG was tested and found to be effective against this

said. “It appears to have lots of natural enemies, including ladybugs, lacewings and sweat flies.

But the populations of sugarcane aphids grow so rapidly, we’re just not sure how effective they will be.”

See SORGHUM, Page 7

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Populations of the sugarcane aphid are seen on the underside of grain sorghum leaves.

They decrease yields and secrete a sticky waste called honeydew that gums up combine harvesters. pest, Villanueva said. The Texas Department of Agriculture recently submitted a request to the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency to approve an emergen-

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The Land & Livestock Post

News Sorghum, from Page 6 Villanueva said he will supervise the evaluation of two groups of possible candidates, lady beetles and lacewings.

The sugarcane aphid, about one-sixteenth of an inch long, was first detected in 1977 in Florida sugarcane. It limited itself to the Sunshine State until 1999 when it was found in Louisiana sugarcane, Villanueva said.

While populations were well established, they did not cause major crop damage in either state.

“But then in 2013, it was discovered in grain sorghum in Texas, in the Beaumont area,” he said.

“Simultaneously, it was also discovered attacking grain sorghum in Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma and other areas of Texas, including the Coastal Bend and the Lower Rio Grande Valley, as well as Mexico.”

Severe damage to grain sorghum in all these areas came quickly.

“In no time at all, growers started seeing dramatic reduction in yields, from 50 to 70 percent,” Villanueva said. “In some fields, crops were completely wiped out.”

Besides decreasing yields, the aphid produces abundant honeydew, a sticky excrement that keeps grain from dislodging from the plant at harvest and gums up harvesting equipment.

“The honeydew also attracts other insects and fungi that discolor the leaves,” he said. “Unfortunately, sugarcane aphids thrive in dry conditions and drought has been a serious issue in Texas for years.”

Mild winters also have helped the aphid survive, Villanueva said, and so far this year, the weather likely hasn’t been cold enough for extended periods of time to slow them down.

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February 2014 — Issue 2

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February 2014 — Issue 2

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The Land & Livestock Post

News

Passing on the farm discussed at several seminars sure all the rest are still taken care of.”

Hayenga said estate tax laws have made that easier over the years. Forty years ago, a person could pass on only $60,000 worth of property tax free and now that’s up to $5.3 million. Also,

By Kay LedBetter Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

AMARILLO — While tax laws may have made it easier to pass the farm from one generation to the next, changing times have some families looking at the end of a way of life, according to a 30-year veteran of agricultural estate planning.

Wayne Hayenga, professor emeritus and Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service specialist from College Station, has traveled throughout Texas for three decades trying to help people pass their agricultural estates on to the next generation.

Hayenga was in the High Plains recently for seven farm and ranch estate planning workshops which attracted about 300 people, most with the same goal

even if the property increased in value either because of inflation or demand, he said, “we don’t have to pay any capital gains tax on it now when someone dies.”

The continually changing tax

See ESTATE, Page 13

Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service photo by J.D. Ragland

Wayne Hayenga, a Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service economist and professor emeritus, addresses a crowd of more than 80 people during the recent estate planning workshop in Randall County. in mind.

“Every time there are changes to the tax laws, we see more demand for these workshops,” he

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News

Getting to the point

Following vaccination protocols will protect herd

By RoBeRt FeaRs Special to The Post

V

accines are reasonably priced when you consider the risk of losing an animal at today’s market values. It must be remembered, however, that vaccines alone do not build immunity in beef cattle.

“Genetics, nutrition, and parasite control all relate to the animal’s ability to mount an immune response,” said Thomas Hairgrove, program coordinator for Livestock and Food Animal Systems, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service.

“Management practices designed to prevent or reduce introduction of disease help ensure that the immune system does not have to respond to an overwhelming amount of disease organisms.

Cows in poor body condition and heavily parasitized are not likely to respond well to vaccination,” Hairgrove said.

Design vaccination protocols through consultation with your local veterinarian. Information to consider includes disease history of the ranch, management systems, sources of purchased cattle, disease incidents in the area, and marketing strategies. Disease exposure risk is a key factor in deciding whether to vaccine for a specific disease.

“Closed herds with no introduction of cattle from outside the ranch decrease likelihood of introducing disease,” said Hairgrove. “In reality, closed herds are rare because wildlife, visitors, and even routine vehicle traffic can introduce disease; so vaccinations are good insurance.

“At the other extreme, open herds with excessive livestock movement may not respond optimally to vaccination programs because of the overwhelming variety and number of pathogens intro-

12

Photo courtesy of Robert Fears

Protocols recommend vaccinating replacement heifers for respiratory diseases, 5-way Leptospirosis and Vibriosis 30 to 60 prior to breeding. duced.”

A description of the diseases that are typically the core of most vaccination programs is provided by the University of Missouri Extension Service. These diseases are either caused by viruses or bacteria.

Viral diseases

• Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) — Exposure to this virus can cause abortions in non-immune pregnant cows. The abortions typically occur after four months of gestation but can occur at any time and abortion rate of

February 2014 — Issue 2



5 to 60 percent have been reported. In calves, IBR is responsible for respiratory disease outbreaks. Calves with IBR will exhibit fever, lethargy, heavy nasal discharge and open mouth breathing. IBR may also affect the eye, creating symp-

See VACCINE, Page 19

The Land & Livestock Post

News Estate, from Page 11 laws and the dynamics of the agriculture industry itself, however, are making estate planning anything but a one-size-fits-all deal, said the agricultural economist and attorney.

“Thirtyyearsago,Icouldthrow something out to 10 farmers that seven or more of them would understand and be able to utilize.

Now as farming operations have gotten bigger and different, if you have the same 10 farmers, I could throw out something and maybe only three have the business design that could utilize that idea.

The other seven we have to come up with a different plan.”

Hayenga likened it to the medical world. “When I was a kid we had the family doctor and he took care of you from your scalp to your toenails. Today we have the eye doctor, throat doctor, heart doctor, diabetes doctor, foot doctor and dermatologist. Everything is specialized these days.”

And just as the operations have changed, so have the families.

More often there may be no one interested in running the family farm, he said.

“You may have a 1,000 acres at Dumas and you live there and know the tenants and suppliers and everything there. But if you die and give it to three kids, one in Chicago, one in Houston and one who knows where, they don’t know people who can properly take care of it for them. So they worry about that. That asset of yours becomes a worry or a liability for them.”

Economies of scale for agriculture also have changed the picture, Hayenga said. Farming

was a labor intensive operation in the 1860s when the Homestead Act was passed.

“The agricultural ladder I learned about back in college was: You start out farming as a hired man working for a parent or neighbor, then you leased the land, then you bought the land and were an owner or operator, and finally you retired to town and leased to a tenant or let one of your kids take over,” he said.

“We don’t have that anymore, because particularly in the ’70s, a lot of farmers were doing well and they educated their kids — sent them off to college and they got a professional degree. When they were ready to come back in the ’80s, it was a terrible economic time in agriculture. And the question became ‘Why give up a good job in Dallas to take a terrible job back on the farm?’”

Also, Hayenga said, as more of the farm youth moved away and married someone from the big city, it wasn’t as easy to get everyone to agree they wanted to move back to the farm.

“We want our kids to want what we give them, but that doesn’t always work,” he said. “What I have seen lately is the heirs have started to squabble — they just can’t seem to agree. Instead of having land in Dumas, they may prefer a larger retirement plan or to increase the size of their home, and prefer to just sell off the farm.

“We sometimes hear people say they had to sell the farm to pay the estate taxes. But, mostly that’s not true; just some people don’t want the farm.”

For those interested, Hayenga has five more workshops in Central Texas in the next two months.

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February 2014 — Issue 2

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News LIVESTOCK MARKET REPORT Brazos Valley

Results of the Brazos Valley Livestock Commission’s Jan. 28 sale: Head: 264 Steers: 200-300 lbs., $210-$270; 300-400 lbs., $190-$265; 400-500 lbs., $180-$222; 500-600 lbs., $164$198; 600-700 lbs., $154-$180; 700-800 lbs., $155-$165.

Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $190-$220, 300-400 lbs., $180-$207; 400-500 lbs., $165-$197; 500-600 lbs., $152$180; 600-700 lbs., $144-$165; 700-800 lbs., $132-$140.

Slaughter bulls: $85-$107.50.

Slaughter cows: $65-$95.

Bred cows: $900-$1,600.

Cow/calf pairs: $1,100-$1,600.

Buffalo

Results of the Buffalo Livestock Marketing’s Jan. 25 sale: Head: 1,036 Steers: 150-200 lbs., $225-$290; 200-300 lbs., $220-$285; 300-400 lbs., $200-$280; 400-500 lbs., $180$242; 500-600 lbs., $165-$205; 600-700 lbs., $155-$174; 700-800 lbs., $150-$170.

Heifers: 150-200 lbs., $200-$257; 200-300 lbs., $195-$255; 300-400 lbs., $190-$250; 400-500 lbs., $170$230; 500-600 lbs., $155-$190; 600-700 lbs., $150-$169; 700-800 lbs., $135-$160.

Slaughter bulls: $82-$147.

Slaughter cows: $65-$102.

Bred cows: $975-$1,700.

Cow/calf pairs: $1,100-$2,050.

Caldwell Results of the Caldwell Livestock Commission’s Jan. 29 sale: Head: N/A Steers: 200-300 lbs., $210-$280; 300-400 lbs., $220-$250; 400-500 lbs., $180-$230; 500-600 lbs., $180$200; 600-700 lbs., $160-$175.

Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $216-$240; 300-400 lbs., $200-$210; 400-500 lbs., $170-$190; 500-600 lbs., $165$175.

Slaughter bulls: $97-$105.

Slaughter cows: $66-$95.

Stocker cows: $1,300-$1,500.

Groesbeck

lbs., $180-$205; 600-700 lbs., $170$190.

Heifers: 300-400 lbs., $190-$235; 400-500 lbs., $175-$200; 500-600 lbs., $170-$185; 600-700 lbs., $150$180.

Slaughter bulls: $90-$114.

Slaughter cows: $78-$98.50.

Stocker cows: $1,050-$1,800.

Cow/calf pairs: $1,500-$2,200.

Jordan

Results of the Jordan Auction and Livestock Exchange’s Jan. 30 sale: Head: 3,988 Steers: $160-$265.

Heifers: $150-$252.50.

Slaughter bulls: $98-$119.

Slaughter cows: $80-$135.

Stocker cows: $1,290-$2,300.

Cow/calf pairs: $1,225-$2,850.

Results of the Milano Livestock Exchange’s Jan. 21 sale: Head: 546.

Steers: 300-400 lbs., $132-$251; 400-500 lbs., $120-$235; 500-600 lbs., $125-$207; 600-700 lbs., $120$177.

Heifers: 300-400 lbs., $130-$211; 400-500 lbs., $125-$203; 500-600 lbs., $117-$189; 600-700 lbs., $111$161.

Slaughter bulls: $91-$105.

Slaughter cows: $60-$94.

Stocker cows: $1,000-$1,275.

Results of the Navasota Livestock Auction Co.’s Jan. 25 sale: Head: 622 Steers: 150-300 lbs., $150-$280; 300-400 lbs., $150-$265; 400-500 lbs., $125-$240; 500-600 lbs., $120$200; 600-700 lbs., $115-$170.

Heifers: 150-300 lbs., $135$250; 300-400 lbs., $130-$225; 400-500 lbs., $120-$195; 500-600 lbs., $115-$172.50; 600-700 lbs., $115-$165.

Slaughter bulls: $75-$112.

Slaughter cows: $65-$93.

Stocker cows: $850-$1,650.

— Special to The Post

Results of the Groesbeck Auction and Livestock Exchange’s Jan. 23 sale: Head: 496.

Steers: 300-400 lbs., $220-$275; 400-500 lbs., $190-$238; 500-600

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February 2014 — Issue 2

15

News Pests, from Page 7 make for a forecast of serious problems from this pest in 2014,” he said. “And we should have lots of grain sorghum planted this year.”

Grain sorghum is usually a lucrative crop that is relatively inexpensive and easier to grow than cotton, according to Luis Ribera, an AgriLife Extension agricultural economist in Weslaco. Most of the grain sorghum grown in Texas is used in cattle feed.

“Because of good grain prices, the instability of the cotton market, and drought conditions, lots of growers in Texas are choosing to grow grain sorghum this year,” he said. “We’d expect to have well over 400,000 acres of grain sorghum in 2014, by far the largest crop grown in the Rio Grande Valley.”

Ribera said the farm gate value of grain sorghum in extreme South Texas is $157 million, with a total economic impact on the area economy of $317 million.

Statewide, the crop is worth $974 million to growers with a total economic impact of $2 billion, he said.

Experts in the Coastal Bend are con-

cerned about both yield decreases and the impediment the pest poses at harvest.

Jason Ott, the AgriLife Extension agent for agriculture and natural resources in Nueces County, said estimated losses from the sugarcane aphid in his area ranged between 25 and 50 percent, and as high as total losses in some fields.

Overwintering aphids now being found on johnsongrass and on remnant grain sorghum in fields harvested last year leave the area susceptible to more outbreaks this year.

“In addition to the well documented yield losses, we know from experience last year that the honeydew severely clogs combines at harvest,” he said. “In the Coastal Bend, where approaching storms necessitate speedy harvests, this is particularly concerning.”

Mo Way, a Texas A&M AgriLife Research entomologist in Beaumont who first found the sugarcane aphid in Texas last year, said because so little is known about the pest, it’s difficult to predict the threat it poses this year.

“We’re just not sure how susceptible the sugarcane aphid is to low temperatures and how many will survive the cold snaps

we’ve had,” he said. “But it’s important that growers be aware and on the lookout for this pest.”

Way said growers in the Beaumont area currently are working the ground to plant grain sorghum in late February. He doubts the sugarcane aphid will reduce emerging stands.

“Grain sorghum seed that growers plant here is treated with a product that protects them from early season pests, and I’m guessing it may protect them from sugarcane aphid populations,” he said.

Way recommends growers monitor their crops closely throughout the growing season.

“We didn’t see large populations last year until the grain sorghum crop started heading, when the plant starts producing its grain. But I suspect they were there all along, because populations were so high,” he said.

Way suspects growers actually may have stimulated populations of sugarcane aphids when they applied their normal treatments of pyrethroids to control the sorghum midge, small flies that attack grain sorghum at flowering.

“In addition to killing off potential natu-

ral enemies, there are studies that show some pyrethroids have a physiological effect that stimulates the reproductive capabilities of certain insects related to aphids. This stimulation actually leads to unexpected increases in populations,” he said. “But we’re just not sure if sugarcane aphids will be affected this way.”

Way said growers should check different areas of their fields, looking on the underside of leaves for populations of the yellowish green insects. They cause leaf discoloration, and their honeydew makes leaves shiny, attracting sooty mold to the top of leaves.

“AgriLife Extension county agents are informing growers what to look for, but the bottom line is to keep an eye out for anything abnormal,” he said. “Until we can conduct more research, we’re in uncharted waters with this pest.”

Web Wallace, a crop advisor and executive vice president of the Cotton and Grain Producers of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, agreed.

“We just don’t know if it’s going to be a problem, but growers should be on the lookout and be ready in case it turns into a problem.”

Jordan Cattle Auction. San Saba, TX.

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Events Calendar

February Feb. 2 - 45th Annual Premium Whiteface

Replacement Female Show & Sale. Fort Worth, TX. 817-831-3161

Feb. 2 – Cowtown Select Sale, Horned &

polled Herefords. Fort Worth, TX. 817-831-3161

Feb. 8 – Happy 11 Charolais, Charolais for

Profit Bull Sale. Columbus, TX.

Feb 13 – Special Bull Offerings, Jordan Cattle

Auction. San Saba, TX.

March March 1 – South Texas Cattle Marketing’s

“Cattleman’s Opportunity” Replacement Sale.

Nixon, TX. (830) 334-8227

March 1 – Foundation Angus Alliance Sale.

Luling, TX. 830-875-2438

March 5 - Houston Livestock Show and

Rodeo 47th Annual All Breeds Sale. Houston, TX. 979-482-2018

March 8 – The Black Hereford Sale.

Alvarado, TX.

March 15 – 44 Farms Bull Sale. Cameron,

TX. (254) 697-4401

Feb. 15 – Bradley 3 Ranch Annual Angus and Charolais Bull Sale. Estelline, TX. (940) 585-6471 Feb. 22 - 44 Farms Prime Cut Bull Sale.

Cameron, TX. (254) 697-4401 facebook.com/texasllp 16

Feb, 22 - Special Replacement Female Sale, February 2014 — Issue 2

Do you have a sale or event you’d like listed?

Call Jesse Wright at (979) 731-4721 or email jesse.wright@theeagle.com

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The Land & Livestock Post

News

Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service photo

Six different sessions comprising the multi-county 2014 New Landowner Series, will be presented from March through September at locations within Blanco, Gillespie, Kendall and Kerr counties.

Multi-county new landowner series to address all phases of production

By Paul SchattenBerg Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

The multi-county 2014 New Landowner Series, presented by the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, will be held in four South Central Texas counties from March through September.

A total of six sessions will be held in Blanco, Gillespie, Kendall and Kerr counties.

“These sessions are designed for the novice who just acquired property or is looking into pur-

chasing land in the Hill Country,” said Brad Roeder, AgriLife Extension agent for Gillespie County, one of the series coordinators. “At these sessions, attendees can meet and speak with some of the top experts in their respective fields, as well as get hands-on experience in learning how to get the most out of their property.”

Roeder said topics addressed in the series will include learning how to make wildlife, live-

See SERIES, Page 18

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

February 2014 — Issue 2

17

News Series, from Page 17 stock and the environment work; live oak wilt and decline; how to drought-proof pastures; taxes, permits and property regulations: growing your own food; facts about the best hay, forages and grains for the area; and herbicides/pesticides for home and commercial use.

“We will also make site visits to operations in all phases of agriculture and have hands-on activities,” he said.

All programs begin with registration from 1-1:30 p.m., with presentations from 1:30-5 p.m.

Dates, towns and topics for the sessions are: • March 7, Fredericksburg — Introduction, Neighbor Relations, Tax Valuations, Well and Septic Permits, Grazing and Hunting Leases.

• April 4, Kerrville — Live Oak Wilt, Home Use Pesticides, Turf, Tree and Landscape Maintenance, Rainwater Harvesting.

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• May 9, Stonewall/LBJ Ranch — Forage Production, Livestock Production and Handling, Crop Production.

• June 13, Stonewall — Commercial Horticulture, Vineyards, Orchards, Produce (hands-on pruning).

• July 11, Boerne — Back to Basics, Home Gardening, Chickens, Natural vs. Organic.

• Sept. 12, Kendalia — Wildlife and Range Management, Brush Work and Sculpting.

The cost is $30 per session or $100 per person, $150 per couple, for the entire series, Make checks out to Gillespie Ag & Natural Resource Committee and or mail to Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, 95 Frederick Road, Fredericksburg, Texas 78624.

Advance notice for each session is requested so adequate quantities of take-home materials can be prepared.

For more information, contact the AgriLife Extension office in Gillespie County at 830-997-3452.

February 2014 — Issue 2



The Land & Livestock Post

News Vaccine, from Page 12 toms similar to pinkeye. This ocular form of IBR may occur in conjunction with respiratory disease. Cows and replacement heifers should be vaccinated for IBR before the breeding season begins and calves should be vaccinated near weaning.

• Bovine Virus Diarrhea (BVD) — BVD is a complicated disease and can cause a wide variety of problems in a cowcalf herd. In pregnant animals, infections may result in early embryonic death, abortions or calves may be born with congenital defects. BVD infections also suppress the immune system and can make the cowherd, including calves, more susceptible to other infectious agents.

Calves exposed to this virus may show severe diarrhea but respiratory disease outbreaks are more common.

Calves that develop a severe form of BRSV have steadily increased breathing difficulty, fluid accumulates in the lungs and they may have open mouth breathing. If it is decided a BRSV vaccine should be used in the breeding herd, it should be administered at the same time IBR and BVD vaccines are given. Calves should be given the vaccine near weaning.

• Parainfluenza (PI3) — This virus has traditionally been considered as a part of the respiratory disease complex in calves, but there is little evidence to indicate the significance of its role. Even though the importance of this virus is in question, producers will find that vaccines containing IBR,

See DISEASES, Page 20

Photo courtesy of Robert Fears

Give vaccines in the proper location on the animal to avoid bruises and other complications.

• Bovine Respiratory Synspiratory disease outbreaks in non-immune adult cows, it is cytial Virus (BRSV) — Even more likely to cause respiratory though BRSV occasionally is reported to be the cause of redisease outbreaks in calves.

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February 2014 — Issue 2

19

News animals against seven or eight clostridial diseases. They are normally given to calves at marking and branding time and again near weaning.

• Brucellosis — Signs of this disease in cattle are abortions, weak calves, failure to settle, faulty cleaning and decreased milk production with no apparent signs of sickness. Even though testing and slaughtering

Photo courtesy of Robert Fears

2627 - Most protocols recommend vaccinating cows one time each year for respiratory diseases, 5-way Leptospirosis and Vibropsis prior to breeding.

• Leptospirosis — This bacterial agent predominately affects cows and causes abortions, stillbirths or weak born calves.

Abortions may occur as early as the third month of pregnancy, but more frequently occur in the third trimester. Use Lepto vaccines according to their labels unless your local veterinarian recommends something

cows usually recover and become normal breeders after a normal pregnancy is obtained.

A few cows may carry the infection through pregnancy, deliver a normal calf and then infect bulls in the next breeding season. Vaccinations for vibriosis should be given to all breeding animals prior to the breeding season.

• Clostridial — Various species of Clostridium bacteria can cause disease of the muscle, liver or intestine in cattle. The muscle diseases are blackleg and malignant edema and red water is a liver disease. Clinical signs of a clostridial infection

different.

• Vibriosis — Vibriosis is a venereal disease that can be spread from an infected cow to uninfected cows via the bull.

Vibriosis may cause embryonic death and resorption which goes unnoticed by the producer.

Or it may lead to infertility and the producer notices cows rebreeding several times before they finally conceive. Infected

are dependent upon the organ involved. In most instances, producers will find the affected animals dead rather than sick due to the rapid progression of the disease. Occasionally, clostridial diseases affect older animals but in most instances the greatest impact is in calves. 3390 Vaccines are comWinbrook Dr. monly referred to as 7-way or Memphis, TN 38116 8-way blackleg and can protect

Diseases, from Page 19 BVD and BRSV will also contain PI3 and therefore they will vaccinate against this disease by default.

Bacterial diseases

20

Rural Land Loans Country Home Loans Farm & Ranch Loans Livestock Loans Equipment Loans Operating Capital Leasing T E X A S’

has greatly reduced the incidence of this disease, it is highly recommended that replacement heifers still be vaccinated for it. This vaccine is normally administered around weaning time and must be administered by a licensed veterinarian.

• Calf scours — “Cow herd vaccination is necessary for

See CATTLE, Page 21

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News Basic Vaccination Protocol Partially Suggested by University of Missouri Extension Calves

Cows Pre-breeding: IBR, BVD, BRSV, PI3 Leptospirosis (5-way) Vibriosis

Marklng & Branding Time (60 – 90 days old): Clostridial diseases (7-way)

Palpation: Leptospirosis (5-way) if recommended by Veterinarian Breeding Bulls

stimulation of maternal (colostral) antibodies against calf scours,” said Lawrence Rice of the Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service. “K-99 E. coli bacterins administered at least four weeks before calving have been shown to be effective in reducing scours in newborn calves when adequate colostrum is consumed within six to 12 hours of birth. The first-year vaccination of pregnant heifers must include two injections two to four weeks apart. The second injection should be given at least four weeks before calving.

Annual boosters are given four to eight weeks before calving.”

Vaccine integrity

“Proper handling of vaccines is paramount to success,” said Hairgrove. “Purchase vaccines from a reliable source and ensure that expiration dates are reasonable. Never use expired vaccines. Proper refrigeration is required. Often vaccine is stored in an old refrigerator that was retired from the

Comments:  

2 – 4 Weeks Prior to Weaning: Clostridial diseases (7-way) BR, BVD, BRSV, PI3 Weaning: IBR, BVD, BRSV, PI3 Brucellosis vaccine for replacement heifers



BRSV and PI3 may be considered optional for breeding livestock.

Replacement heifers will require two doses of Leptospirosis and Vibriosis since they have not received these vaccines before. The first dose of Lepto and Vibrio can be given 60 days prior to breeding and again at 30 days prior to breeding when the viral vaccine is administered. The other option is to administer the Lepoto and Vibrio along with the viral vaccines 30 days prior to the breeding season and then the second dose may be administered at breeding time.

In many cow-calf operations vaccines are only given to calves at weaning time. If this is the case, consider using a modified live vaccine and administer it the same day that weaning begins.

Replacement Heifers

Pre-breeding: IBR, BVD, BRSV, PI3 Vibriosis

Cattle, from Page 20

be found at beef.tamu.edu or through your local Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service agent.”

The types of disease risks change from area to area and from ranch to ranch. That is why your local veterinarian should be involved in drafting vaccination protocols.

30 -60 Days Prior to Breeding: IBR, BVD, BRSV, PI3 Leptospirosis (5-way) Vibriosis

kitchen to the barn and the unit may not maintain a desired uniform temperature. Refrigerator thermometers are an efficient safety check to ensure your vaccine is stored properly. Protect vaccines from heat and cold extremes while working cattle.

Never use vaccines that have been frozen and protect them from sunlight as well.

“When mixing modified live products use a transfer needle,” Hairgrove said. “Do not aggressively agitate the mixture. Simply invert the bottle a few times to ensure mixing is adequate, regardless of whether it is a modified live vaccine or a killed product. Excessive shaking or agitating a killed product will cause damage and release of endotoxins, which may reduce product effectiveness or cause sickness or death to vaccinated animals.

“Never use disinfectants or detergents on syringes or needles, as these may render the vaccine ineffective. Detailed information on proper care and administration of vaccines can

The Land & Livestock Post

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Show your student

how special they are with a greeting in the

Publishes Date: March 16, 2014

58th Annual Brazos County Youth Livestock Show

Deadline March 7, 2014 Mail: BCYLA Parents Attn: Kristi P.O. Box 3000 Bryan, TX 77805

Program Guide Ad Size: 4in x 2.5in

Cost: $25

February 2014 — Issue 2

Congratulations

Mary

on doing so well raising your Lamb!

Love, Mom

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February 2014 — Issue 2

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The Land & Livestock Post

News A&M Farrier Conference offers tips on proper foot care, shoeing Texas Professional Farrier Association sponsored an American

By Blair Fannin Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

More than 70 professional farriers, veterinary students, farrier school students and horse owners gathered for the Texas A&M University Farrier Conference Jan. 10 in College Station.

Hosted by the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service and the department of animal science at Texas A&M, the one-day workshop provided the latest information on proper foot care and shoeing techniques, according to organizers.

Following the conference, the

Farriers Association Certification exam.

Liquid Feed Supplement

Bar JK Livestock Services Josh Kinslow

Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service photo

Farriers,veterinary students,farrier school students and horse owners gathered recently for the Texas A&M University Farrier Conference in College Station.

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ď‚Ť

February 2014 — Issue 2

19412 Ransom Rd. | Hearne, TX 77859

Cell: 979-574-7914 Home: 979-589-1149

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February 2014 — Issue 2

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