Land and Livestock Post

February 2019 – Issue II

SCOURING AN ANSWER How to reduce the risk of calf scours in your herd.

PAGE 5

IRRIGATION STUDY Integrating center pivot control technologies.

BUILDING A BETTER HERD Using key performance indicators to manage your herd

PAGE 9

SURVEYING EMINENT DOMAIN

PAGE 12

Landowner’s rights under taking of land.

PAGE 11

INTO THE FUTURE

AgriLife Conference looks back and ahead.

PAGE 17

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February 2019 — Issue II

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The Land & Livestock Post

News From the General Manager Texas Brigades youth leadership summer

M

y last column brought up some of my greatest hits when it came to do-it-yourself repairs and installations. After writing it, a flood of memories came back, some that made me laugh and some that made me cringe. So I figured I’d share a few in this issue.

When I was 16, my first truck came JESSE WRIGHT with an AM radio. I decided that this would not do, so I saved my money and purchased a tape deck and speakers at Walmart. This thing was not top-of-the-line, but it played tapes, and it had AM and FM radio. I installed it myself, and it wasn’t too difficult. The directions said to use electrical tape on all the wire connections, but when I twisted them all together, they seemed to stay just fine.

I didn’t see the need for tape.

It wasn’t long after, when I was cruising down the road, listening to some tunes, when I pushed in the clutch and a shower of sparks started popping around my feet. The bare wires were secure for a while, but the ride on a 1983 Chevrolet isn’t the smoothest, so they jostled around until they were hanging down next to the pedals. It was some time in that same period where I learned how to replace fuses in my truck, a lesson I learned shortly after being told why we use electrical tape.

Fast forward a few years to college, and I decided to get a fish tank and some fish. Now, at the time, keeping my own room clean was a task I really couldn’t handle, and I only slept in there a few hours each night. So it should come as no surprise that I did not do a good job maintaining a habitat that

creatures lived in 24 hours a day. About the time where you couldn’t even see if there were fish in the tank, I’d clean it out.

I don’t know if there is a good way to do this, but my method was to dump the entire thing in the sink and then rinse every thing off. I did not account for the rocks in the bottom of the tank until I watched them go tumbling down the garbage disposal. That’s when I learned how to fix a garbage disposal.

I’m ashamed to admit I had to fix that disposal on more than that one occasion, and for the same reason. The next time I went to clean the tank, I used the same method, but told myself to be real careful this time.

No matter how careful I was, I always ended up with some rocks in the disposal. But eventually, I got rid of the fish and that solved that problem.

I could keep going, but the further I go into adulthood with these types of stories, the fresher the scars.

Our cover story for this issue builds on the topic we covered in the last issue as well. We take another step — from developing a job description for your cattle — to identifying key performance indicators and using them to help manage your herd.

We also have news from around the ag industry as well as information about upcoming events and sales.

Hope you enjoy it and, as always, thanks for reading. ’Til next time,

z For more information about content or advertising, contact Jesse Wright at jesse.wright@theeagle.com.

The Land & Livestock Post

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camps application deadline is March 15

By SuSan HimeS Special to The Post

SAN ANGELO — Texas Brigades is now accepting applications for its youth summer camps. The seven leadership camps focus on natural resources and wildlife conservation and are open to youth 13-17. The allinclusive tuition for each camp is $500 per participant and the application deadline is March 15.

Each camp features a single theme and is limited to 30 participants, called cadets. Themes are deer, bass, redfish, waterfowl, ranching and quail camps.

Texas A&M AgriLife Extension photo Cadets at a Bobwhite Brigade camp learn about bobwhite habitat requirements and land management.

See CAMPS, Page 4

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News CAMPS, from Page 3

LIVESTOCK MARKET REPORT Anderson

Results of the Mid-Tex Livestock Market’s Jan. 31 sale.

Head: 1,020 Steers: 200-300 lbs., $145$235; 300-400 lbs., $140-$205; 400-500 lbs., $130-$190; 500600 lbs., $125-$164; 600-700 lbs., $120-$155; 700-800 lbs., $110-$140.

Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $130$195; 300-400 lbs., $130-$200; 400-500 lbs., $130-$210; 500600 lbs., $115-$150; 600700 lbs.,$110-$145; 700-800 lbs.,$100-$130 Slaughter bulls: $60-$83.

Slaughter cows: $27-$65.

Bred cows: $500-$950.

Cow/calf pairs: $900-$1,200.

Brazos Valley Results of the Brazos Valley Livestock’s Jan. 29 sale.

Head: 570 Steers: 200-300 lbs., $175$215; 300-400 lbs., $170-$204; 400-500 lbs., $160-187; 500-600 lbs., $142-$168; 600-700 lbs., $126-$143; 700-800 lbs., $125$130.

Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $140$165; 300-400 lbs., $140-$161; 400-500 lbs., $130-$158; 500600 lbs., $126-$143; 600700 lbs.,$120-$135; 700-800 lbs.,$116-$125.

Slaughter bulls: $70-$83.50.

Slaughter cows: $38-$61.50.

Bred cows: $700-$950.

Cow/calf pairs: $700-$900.

Brenham Results of the Cattleman’s Brenham Livestock Jan. 25 sale.

Head: 724 Steers: 200-300 lbs., $135$230; 300-400 lbs., $130-$188; 400-500 lbs., $128-190; 500600 lbs., $123-$163; 600-700 lbs., $111-$140; 700-800 lbs., $105-$132.

Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $115$182; 300-400 lbs., $120-$193; 400-500 lbs., $118-$172; 500600 lbs., $110-$150; 600-

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700 lbs.,$100-$146; 700-800 lbs.,$90-$104.

Slaughter bulls: $47-$78.

Slaughter cows: $18-$54.

Bred cows: $450-$1,100.

Cow/calf pairs: $850-$1,000.

Buffalo Results of the Buffalo Livestock Commission’s Jan. 26 sale.

Head: 1,153 Steers: 200-300 lbs., $140-$195; 300-400 lbs., $135-$200; 400-500 lbs., $130-182; 500-600 lbs., $125$172; 600-700 lbs., $115-$160; 700-800 lbs., $110-$136.

Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $125$192; 300-400 lbs., $120-$1896; 400-500 lbs., $110-$173; 500-600 lbs., $95-$160; 600-700 lbs.,$95$125; 700-800 lbs.,$85-$118.

Slaughter bulls: $57-$86.

Slaughter cows: $15-$63.

Bred cows: $650-$1,025.

Cow/calf pairs: $875-$1,475.

Caldwell Results of the Caldwell L i v e s t o c k C o m m i s s i o n ’s Jan. 30 sale.

Head: 507 Steers: 200-300 lbs., $165-$220; 300-400 lbs., $165-$190; 400-500 lbs., $162-$182; 500-600 lbs., $154-$178; 600-700 lbs., $140$148; 700-800 lbs., $115-$133.

Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $152$182; 300-400 lbs., $150-$183; 400-500 lbs., $140-$182; 500600 lbs., $135-$146; 600-700 lbs., $120-$137; 700-800 lbs., $110-$132.

Slaughter bulls: $60-$75.

Slaughter cows: $30-$61.

Bred cows: $500-$975.

Cow/calf pairs: N/A.

Groesbeck Results of the Groesbeck Auction and Livestock Company’s Jan. 31 sale.

Head: 467 Steers: 300-400 lbs., $170-$200; 400-500 lbs., $160-$175; 500-600

lbs., $155-$162; 600-700 lbs., $120-$135; Heifers: 300-400 lbs., $165$190; 400-500 lbs., $160-$175; 500-600 lbs., $155-$162; 600-700 lbs., $120-$135.

Slaughter bulls: $68-$81.

Slaughter cows: $25-$61.

Bred cows: $750-$1,100.

Cow/calf pairs: N/A

Jordan Results of the Jordan Cattle Auction’s Jan. 31 sale.

Head: 4,972 Steers: 200-300 lbs., $150-$196; 300-400 lbs., $170-$224; 400-500 lbs., $155-$216; 500-600 lbs., $140-$192.50; 600-700 lbs., $130$169; 700-800 lbs., $125-$141.

Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $150$175; 300-400 lbs., $150-$176; 400-500 lbs., $140-$175; 500600 lbs., $130-$150; 600-700 lbs., $120-$148; 700-800 lbs., $110-$126.

Slaughter bulls: $63-$81.50.

Slaughter cows: $28-$62.50.

Bred cows: $600-$1,600 Cow/calf pairs: $850-$1,925.

Dale Rollins, Texas A&M Extension Service wildlife specialist, came up with the idea for Texas Brigades in order to expand AgriLife Extension’s educational efforts through the development of the next generation of wildlife ambassadors.

“The quality we develop in these cadets is, quite simply, maturity. That’s a big deal for a 14-year-old,” Rollins said.

The 2019 summer camp dates and locations are: • June 7-11, Rolling Plains Bobwhite Brigade, Centennial Lodge, Coleman.

• June 16-20, South Texas Buckskin Brigade, Welder Wildlife Refuge, Sinton.

• June 22-26, South Texas Bobwhite Brigade, Buck Horn Creek Ranch, McCoy. • July 7-11, North Texas Buckskin Brigade, Warren Ranch, Santa Anna.

• July 16-20, Coastal Brigade, Sea Star Base, Galveston.

• July 17-21, Bass Brigade, Warren Ranch, Santa Anna.

• July 22-26, Ranch Brigade, Warren Ranch, Santa Anna.

To apply or get more information, go to www.texasbrigades. org/applications or contact the Texas Brigades headquarters in San Antonio at 210-556-1391 or camps@texasbrigades.org.

Texas Brigades is a nonprofit organization that works in partnership with AgriLife Extension, Texas Wildlife Association, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service. Other collaborators include universities, conservation groups, local soil and water conservation districts, private businesses, individuals with an interest in natural resources, and those involved in wildlife conservation and youth leadership development.

Navasota Results of the Navasot a L i v e s t o c k C o m m i s s i o n ’s Jan. 26 sale.

Head: 810 Steers: 200-300 lbs., $115-$210; 300-400 lbs., $115-$192.50; 400500 lbs., $115-$185; 500-600 lbs., $100-$167.50; 600-700 lbs., $100$145.

Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $115$200; 300-400 lbs., $115-$175; 400-500 lbs., $115-$162.50; 500600 lbs., $110-$143; 600-700 lbs., $105-$132.

Slaughter bulls: $50-$83.50.

Slaughter cows: $25-$61.50.

Bred cows: $400-$1,125.

Cow/calf pairs: $800-$1,275 — Special to The Post

February 2019 — Issue II

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The Land & Livestock Post

News

Procedures to reduce the risk of a calf scours outbreak

By Glenn Selk Oklahoma State University

Neonatal calf diar rhea (commonly called “calf scours”) is one of the most costly disease entities in the beef cattle business.

Fall-calving herds have the help of the hot, late summer/early fall sunshine to reduce the buildup and spread of the pathogens that cause calf diarrhea.

This article is adapted from Neonatal Calf Diarrhea Complex

by Dr. John Kirkpatrick.

Whether you have spring or fall-calving cows — or both — there are some key management procedures that will reduce the likelihood of a scours outbreak in your calves. These procedures are meant to decrease the pathogen exposure to the newborn calf: Calve in clean and dry areas.

Calve heifers earlier than

the cow herd.

Avoid congregating and creating muddy, pathogen infested areas in calving pastures — • If possible, avoid loose hay feeding in calving pastures.

• If hay is fed, use bale rings or hay feeders and move feeders frequently.

• Move pairs to larger pastures promptly. Owners of larger herds may want to study and employ the Sandhills Calving System of isolating pregnant cows from the rest of the herd.

Use biosecurity and biocontainment measures for all herd additions — • Isolate, quarantine and perform appropriate tests on all herd additions.

• Introduce pregnant herd additions at least 30 days prior to the

start of calving season. This will allow time for exposure to new pathogens, antibody development and secretion of antibodies into the colostrum.

• Do not add calves to the herd until the youngest calf in the herd is older than 30 days. Buying a calf at a livestock auction or from a dairy for a cow that has lost a calf can introduce diseases that your herd may not have immunity against.

Isolation and treatment — • Remove sick calves from the herd immediately. One sick calf can produce overwhelming pathogen exposure by shedding as many as 100 million bacteria or viruses per milliliter of feces (500 million bacteria and or viruses per teaspoon of feces).

• Visit with your local large animal veterinarian to determine

best treatment options for the pathogens affecting your calves.

• Treating the sick calves should occur after handling the well calves. Clean and disinfect all equipment. Clothing, boots, gloves, etc., worn while treating sick calves should not be worn when handling well calves.

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February 2019 — Issue II

5

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February 2019 — Issue II

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The Land & Livestock Post

News

Texas A&M AgriLife Extension photo Staff and participants of San Angelo’s Sheep Shearing School.The three-day workshop provided hands-on training and instruction.

AgriLife Extension sheep shearing school fills crucial void in the industry

By SuSan HimeS Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

SAN ANGELO — Students of the recent Texas A&M AgriLife Sheep Shearing School learned how to shear sheep and received an overview of key aspects of the shearing industry. The course was held Jan. 12-14 at the AgriLife Research and Extension Center in San Angelo.

With a decreasing number of professional shearers available worldwide, the annual school provides crucial skills needed for producers to care for their own flocks. Students, along with instructors, sheared more than 200 animals during the hands-on workshop.

“Finding a sheep shearer can be challenging, especially for smaller operations, and there aren’t many people taking up the trade,” said event organizer Reid Redden, associate professor and extension sheep and goat specialist.

“Most folks attending our workshop are looking to learn

to shear their own flocks, as well as their neighbors’ flocks.

By the end of the workshop, our students know how to shear a sheep from start to finish. But it takes years to become a master of the trade.”

AgriLife extension associate Jake Thorne and AgriLife research assistant Kraig Chandler worked alongside Redden to instruct the school’s students.

Both Thorne and Chandler attended the school’s inaugural session in 2016.

In a profession with declining numbers, recruiting and training the next generation of shearers is key for the success of the animal fiber industry, Redden said. In addition to sheep, students also had the opportunity shear angora goats. With a dozen students in the school, Redden was able to maintain what he considers an ideal student-to-teacher ratio.

“The 3-to-1 ratio really allows our students to receive individualized attention. It allows us to make sure we are able to watch each shearing and provide advice and guidance.”

The Land & Livestock Post

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February 2019 — Issue II

View more sale information and details at brokentrianglecattle.com.

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February 2019 — Issue II

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The Land & Livestock Post

News Integrating center pivot irrigation control technologies goal of study

By Kay LedBetter Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

BUSHLAND — New center pivot irrigation technologies are beneficial only if they are being used, according to a Texas A&M AgriLife Research engineer in Amarillo.

Thomas Marek is leading a team from Texas A&M AgriLife and Texas A&M University to ensure the latest advancements in agricultural irrigation management can be integrated readily for applications in the field.

The team is working to design a system utilizing off-the-shelf sensors and components to create a cost-effective and independent platform that will allow producers to realize benefits of irrigation technologies by integrating and automating information and decision support tools.

Their objectives include establishing: • A wireless sensor network with anomaly detection.

• An irrigation system controller using real-time and forecast data, integration of data from multiple sensor inputs and unmanned aerial systems, models and safety.

• A user-friendly interface.

The multifaceted project integrates in-field data from multiple sensors and uses machine learning techniques plus crop models to automate irrigation scheduling decisions, Marek said.

Additional faculty members on the project include Dana Porter, AgriLife Extension engineer in Lubbock and Jiang Hu, Texas A&M professor of electrical and computer engineering in College Station, along with three team members in his department: Justin Sun, Yanxiang Yang and Hongxin Kong.

An accompanying soil water sensor installation and placement study with the project involves Kevin Heflin, AgriLife Extension program specialist in Amarillo and Gary Marek, U.S. Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research Service

Texas A&M AgriLife photo by Kay Ledbetter

Thomas Marek, Texas A&M AgriLife Research engineer, is integrating and automating irrigation technologies and tools. research agricultural engineer in Bushland.

“There are some great advanced irrigation technologies available, but they are complex, underutilized, difficult to use and not well integrated in existing control systems, therefore their benefits are not being fully realized,” Porter said.

She said the cooperative and complementary efforts in several research studies at the Bushland research facilities shared

by AgriLife Research and USDAARS should help change that.

“We had a water seed grant to work on automated, integrated advanced control of a center pivot irrigation system,” Marek said. “We teamed up with Texas A&M’s electrical and computer engineering researchers and worked extensively with them to develop some advanced automation capabilities.”

He said they already have shown significant improvements over commercially available systems by developing a technology suite that includes: • Improved center pivot irrigation positioning and speed control.

• Improved variable rate irrigation control with real-time updates using in-field near-realtime data plus predictive crop water-use capabilities.

• A soil-moisture in-field sensor placement method to optimize wireless sensor nodes to balance cost with necessary data reliability.

“In our case, advanced automation includes automated communication of data from soil water sensors to the pivot controller,” Marek said.

“We are using a processing model that looks at recent field data and the status today, plus a machine learning process to integrate data and decisions with an

See CONTROL, Page 18

The Land & Livestock Post

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February 2019 — Issue II

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February 2019 — Issue II

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The Land & Livestock Post

News

Saturday, March 2, 2019 12:00 NooN • at the RaNch Bull Offering

75 two-year-Old Bulls 20 yearling Bulls

Heifers 60 registered hereford heifers aI bred for Fall calves to LBW hereford Bull 20 registered hereford heifers bred for Fall claves to LBW Brangus Bulls 30 registered hereford yearling Open heifers

Photo courtesy of Texas A&M AgriLife Extension InTexas,courts have held that granting some entities the right to condemn land includes the right to enter onto the property to conduct surveys to select lands to be acquired.

Eminent domain and right to survey

By Tiffany Dowell lashmeT Texas A&M Agrilife Extension

Q

uestion: If a company with eminent domain power has contacted me about obtaining an easement across my property and now

wants access to survey, can I keep them off of my land? answer: No. In Texas, courts have held that by granting some entities the right to condemn land, this includes the right to enter the

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The Land & Livestock Post

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February 2019 — Issue II

11

News

The key to success Managing the ranch with key performance indicators

I

By RoBeRt FeaRs Special to The Post

n the last issue of Land & Livestock Post, development of a cow’s job description as part of a ranch management plan was discussed. In this issue, the planning process is advanced a step further with key performance indicators.

One of the developers of key performance indicators for the cattle industry is Stan Bevers, professor emeritus and extension economist with Texas A&M AgriLife Extension. This article is taken from his presentation at the Successful School of Ranching during the 2018 Cattle Raisers Convention in Fort Worth. Bevers consults with ranchers using key performance indicators to help fine-tune their management techniques.

Key performance indicators are performance measurements of key activities occurring as a result of management. When measured over time, key performance indicators answer the question of whether management is meeting ranch goals. Key performance indicators are based on standard performance analysis data. As explained in the last issue, standard performance analysis is a producer-led effort assisted by state university extension faculty and uses established methodology initiated by the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association. Producer participants help collect data by completing an in-depth financial

12

Photo courtesy of Robert Fears

Animal body condition is a good indicator of whether stocking rate is balanced with carrying capacity.

production analysis of their cow herd. Financial key performance indicators follow the Farm Financial Standards Council approach to ac-

crual financial statements.

It is important to calculate key performance indicators correctly so they produce reliable information.

February 2019 — Issue II

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Give equal amounts of attention to each key performance indicator because focusing on one, at the

See KEY, Page 14

The Land & Livestock Post

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The Land & Livestock Post

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February 2019 — Issue II

13

News Key, from Page 12 expense of another, will not improve ranch performance.

Key performance indicators

When using key performance indicators, start at the ranch level and move specifically to each activity such as cow-calf, yearlings, farming, wildlife, fixed costs and other appropriate categories. Evaluate the overall ranch as well as the pieces. Performance targets are obtained from cow-calf standard performance analysis, managerial ranch accounting, experience and research. There are 13 key performance indicators for evaluation: • Breeding females — Pasture conditions determine the number of breeding females that the ranch can support economically.

Stocking rate compared to carrying capacity is good criteria for determining the right number of breeding females to maintain. Stocking more animals than pasture carrying capacity degrades the pasture’s ability to produce forage and eventually leads to financial ruin of the ranch. Stocking fewer animals than carrying capacity wastes forage and the ability to produce optimal profits from the ranch. The key performance indicator’s goal is to match stocking rates with carrying capacities as closely as possible. Carrying

14

capacities vary from year to year and during the year as well.

• Liquidity — Liquidity is the amount of liquid assets (cash) available to the ranch. Conversely, fixed assets are items purchased for long-term use, such as land, equipment and buildings. Fixed assets usually cannot be quickly converted to cash. It is imperative that ranchers maintain enough liquid assets to combat unforeseen events such as prolonged dry periods.

Liquid assets are calculated by dividing current assets (liquid plus fixed) by current liabilities (debt). A key performance indicator greater than 2 suggests that a ranch has enough liquid assets to pay current obligations plus unforeseen financial needs.

• Profitability — A primary measure of profitability is rate of return on assets

Photo courtesy of Robert Fears Key performance indicators on stockers should be addressed separately from the cow-calf operation.

metal Roofing metal Building supply

that is calculated by dividing net ranch income plus interest expense by total average assets. Either cost basis or market prices are used for

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February 2019 — Issue II

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The Land & Livestock Post

News Indicators, from Page 14 asset values. The 2018 goal for return on assets is 2 percent or greater return.

• Operational ratios — Operational ratios serve as measurement of all ranch expenses, except interest and depreciation, versus revenue. Managers should target operating expense at less than 75 percent of revenue. This key performance indicator includes operating ratio, depreciation ratio, interest ratio and net income from operations ratio. Calculation methods and goals for each of these ratios are shown in Table 1.

• Support center ratios — Support centers are the fixed costs of the operation and must be absorbed into the ranch activities that sell products. These activities might include cow-calf, steers, hay, and hunting.

Support centers are general and administrative, labor and management, machinery and equipment and interest. Total costs incurred by these four support centers typically consume 60 percent of ranch profits.

Support center ratios are calculated by dividing total expenses by total revenue.

It is important to understand which expense items belong to each support center for accurate accounting and financial evaluations.

Typical general and administrative expenses include professional fees (such as accounting, legal or consulting), liability insurance, general supplies and expenses associated with buildings and improvements. Fence and building repairs, im-

Photo courtesy of Robert Fears The main measure of the cow-calf key performance indicators is pounds weaned per exposed female.

provement depreciation and property insurance are all associated with buildings and improvements. Support centers also can have revenue such as drought insurance proceeds. The goal for general and administrative ratios is less than 20 percent of total revenue.

Labor and management expenses include salaries, payroll taxes, utilities paid on employee housing, ranchrelated travel, employee meals and contract labor.

The goal is less than 20 percent of revenue. Machinery and equipment expenses occur for vehicles, machinery and equipment. The majority of these expenses are fuel, repairs, maintenance, insurance and supplies associated with machinery and equipment. Other included transactions are machinery and equipment depreciation and gain or loss from selling one of these assets. The goal for this ratio is less than 25 percent of revenue.

The interest support center is an aggregate of total ranch debt and should be no more than 5 percent of revenue. This support center includes interest on operating notes, short-term purchase of assets such as stocker cattle, and long-term mortgages. While a small amount of interest is often a good thing, a large amount can bankrupt the ranch.

• Cow-calf production key performance indicators — The key measure

See CATTLE, Page 16

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News Cattle, from Page 15 associated with cow-calf production key performance indicators is pounds weaned per exposed female — the target is currently 460 pounds. Pounds per exposed female should be a key performance indicator for any ranch that owns breeding cows with the intent of weaning calves. This key production indicator is a product of weaning percentage and weaning weights and is calculated by dividing total pounds weaned by the number of cows exposed to a bull.

• Cow-calf financial key performance indicators — Cow-calf financial key performance indicators offer a manager an opportunity to compare ranch expenses for each type of production input with industry standards.

The comparisons will show areas where improvement of operational economics and efficacy need work. One of the measurements is cost per hundred weight of weaned calf, with a target of less than $170. It is calculated by dividing total expenses by total pounds weaned.

A second measurement is revenue per breeding female, with a target of greater than $900. This measurement includes total revenue from weaned calves, values of retained calves, gains or losses from sale of breeding stock and accrual adjustments of inventory. The target for total cost per breeding female is $861. Fifty percent of the costs are usually annual expenses for depreciation, labor, management and feed.

Variable costs include repairs, maintenance, interest

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and fertilizer.

It is important to keep nutrition base expense between 30 and 45 percent of total expense. Nutrition base expense includes expenditures for purchased feed, expenses associated with raising feed such as hay and costs associated with grazing. The total of these three costs is divided by total costs to derive nutritional base expense as a percent of total expense.

The target for asset turnover ratio on cost basis is greater than 20 percent.

Given the highly capitalized nature of ranching, it is vital for the manager to generate the greatest possible net income from ranch assets.

This key performance indicator details how much revenue is created by each dollar of asset.

Key performance indicators targets, not common to all ranches, are: • Cow-calf expense per female.

• Total costs per female.

• Cow-calf nutritional expense as a percent of total expense.

• Total costs per calf weaned.

• Hay production cost per ton.

• Yearling enterprise cost of gain.

Record keeping required for use of key performance indicators is intensive and time consuming, but is an important exercise for maximizing ranch profits.

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The Land & Livestock Post

News AgriLife Conference looks at past, present, future of agriculture Texas A&M University System Chancellor John Sharp, who introduced the major accomplishments of the agencies and the responsibilities that come with being a top contender in such specific fields.

“You, these agencies, are on the verge of becoming the most

By Laura Muntean Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

The 2019 Texas A&M AgriLife Conference took a look at where agriculture is and where it is heading. It brought together all Texas A&M AgriLife agencies — Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Texas A&M Forest Service and the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences — for awards and recognition opportunities as well as an update on all agencies. It was held at the Texas A&M Hotel and Conference Center in College Station.

The week-long conference began with a welcome to the more than 500 attendees from

Texas A&M AgriLife photo Patrick Stover, vice chancellor and dean of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and director of AgriLife Research, opened the 2019 AgriLife Conference.

Texas A&M AgriLife photo Joshua Akey, director of LewisSigler Institute for Integrative Genomics at Princeton University, gave the keynote address to launch the conference.

important agencies in the entire state of Texas,” Sharp said.

“Because of the reach that you have all over the state of Texas, because you are the only significant agency that touches 252 of 254 counties, all of a sudden, the

See AGRILIFE, Page 21

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News A Cowman’s Best Friend at Calving Time!

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Texas A&M AgriLife photo by Kay Ledbetter Thomas Marek,Texas A&M AgriLife Research engineer, discusses the new capabilities of the irrigation system at a 2018 field day.

Control, from Page 9 automated controller,” he said.

“Together this tells the user and the system what to do and when.

The system is also unique in that it logs all of what it does, and all of this happens at the pivot.”

Utilizing tools such as realtime soil moisture monitoring, near-real-time and short-term predictive crop evapotranspiration or crop water use, quantitative precipitation forecasting and an artificial intelligence algorithm, he said they are able to automate the “when, where and how much” decisions of crop irrigation.

Development was conducted

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whereby the platform-independent control system could be retrofitted into existing center pivot irrigation systems. The project team has several patents pending as a result of the work, Marek said, adding this is one of the best research teams he’s worked with in his irrigation career.

Funding and in-kind support for the project was provided by a Texas A&M University System Water Seed Grant, AgriLife Research, AgriLife Extension, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, High Plains Underground Water Conservation District and the USDA-ARS Ogallala Aquifer Program.

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February 2019 — Issue II

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The Land & Livestock Post

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February 2019 — Issue II

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News Noble Research Institute appoints Rhines as president and CEO Special to The Post

ARDMORE, Okla. — Noble Research Institute’s governing body announced last month the selection of Steven Rhines as the organization’s new president and chief executive officer. The governing body voted unanimously to select Rhines at its regular January meeting. He is the ninth president in Noble’s 74-year history.

Rhines has been with Noble for almost two decades, most recently serving as its vice president, general counsel and director of public affairs.

“We conducted a nationwide search for a proven leader who possessed a significant understanding of agricultural research, the vision to advance the Noble Research Institute into the next generation, and high personal integrity,” said Rusty Noble, chairman of The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Board of Directors and grandson of the organization’s founder, Lloyd Noble. “We found all of those qualities in Steve. He has repeatedly demonstrated his ability to successfully lead critical initiatives, and he has a great passion for agriculture and Oklahoma. We look forward to him leading Noble for many years to come.”

The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation is the sole member/ manager of Noble Research Institute. The foundation acts through its board of directors to provide leadership for the institute to carry out its charitable purposes, act as a good steward of its resources, and conduct and support its activities in accordance with the vision of its founder.

Rhines replaces Bill Buckner, who retired after seven years at the end of 2018. “I’m humbled and honored to be chosen to steward the Noble legacy,” Rhines said. “I am thankful for this opportunity, and I am excited to work alongside a talented and dedicated group of researchers, educators, consultants and staff.”

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RHINES Rhines, a native of Antlers, Oklahoma, earned a bachelor of science in mechanical engineering from the University of Oklahoma in 1990 and a law degree from Southern Methodist University in 1994. Rhines joined Noble from the international law firm of Sidley Austin in 2001.

Rhines has led the legal function of the nonprofit since 2001.

Additionally, he has been responsible for overseeing numerous operational activities during his tenure, including extramural funding, communications, government and public affairs, and most recently, youth and adult education.

In 2008, Rhines headed the organization’s effort to modify the U.S. Tax Code to create a new type of 501(c)(3) public charity called agricultural research organizations. The proposed modification would increase agricultural research capacity in the United States and provide philanthropists another option to invest in public agricultural research. The legislative measure became law in December 2015.

The Noble Research Institute is

See NOBLE, Page 21

February 2019 — Issue II

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The Land & Livestock Post

News AgriLife, from Page 17 state of Texas has figured out that we have this gold mine here.”

Susan Ballabina, Texas A&M deputy vice chancellor, gave a brief update, including recognition of the Governor’s Commission to Rebuild Texas, the Eye of the Storm report, and the approval of a new vice chancellor of disaster and emergency services: Nim Kidd.

Ballabina also spoke about the increase in support of Healthy Texas statewide and with the Texas A&M Health Science Center, along with naming Greg Hartman as vice chancellor for strategic initiatives. She said there will be a move toward a social and behavioral research initiative to be put into place in the coming months.

Patrick Stover, vice chancellor and dean of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and director of AgriLife Research, outlined where the agencies are headed regarding the future of agriculture.

His pursuit to use food and agri-

culture in an effort to improve quality of life, reduce health care costs and sustain agriculture in Texas sets a strong platform for his vision for Texas A&M. “This is really the equation that we have to solve: how we imagine a healthy agriculture system with healthy environments that benefit healthy people and healthy economies,” Stover said. “We must consider the entire food and agriculture value chain as we meet our mission.

“We have a presence in each and every one of these key areas of agriculture, across the entire value chain, from producers to consumers. We have to ensure that we strengthen our commitment to the full value chain in the urban, rural and international settings.”

Keynote speaker Joshua Akey, director of the Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics at Princeton University, spoke to what generations past can teach today. His talk centered around the ever-changing world of genomics and how taking a look at DNA today can explain the

changes that have evolved over time, including the influence of past agricultural practices on the human genome.

“What I find really fascinating about DNA is the stories that it can tell us about our past,” Akey said.

“We can also scan the genome and look for places that have been subject to positive selection or regions of the genome that helped our ancestors survive and reproduce.”

Taking a look at both past and present changes in agriculture, Stover plans to highlight the future by continuing to bridge the rural and urban divide. This will include continuing educational efforts through the Leach Teaching Gardens, Texas A&M expanding its urban footprint to bring an agricultural presence to the city and Texas A&M focusing on reaching Texans through all of its agencies.

“We have to continue to focus on this to ensure Texans have a deep connection, a deep appreciation of what agriculture means in their daily lives,” Stover said.

February Feb. 22 • Center Ranch Production Sale, Centerville, TX Feb. 23 • 44 Farms Spring Angus Bull Sale, Cameron, TX Feb. 23 • Jordan Cattle Auction Early Spring Replacement Female Sale, San Saba, TX Feb. 23 • ‘Range Ready’ Bull Sale, Navasota, TX Feb. 26 • Houston International Simmental/Simbrah Sale, Houston, TX Feb. 27 • Houston Livestock Show & Rodeo All Breeds Commercial Sale, Houston, TX Feb. 27 • International Brahman Sale, Houston, TX MarCH Mar. 1 • Express Ranch Angus Bull Sale, Yukon, OK Mar. 1 • Beefmaster Houston Futurity & Classic Sale, Houston, TX Mar. 1 • Houston Magic XIX Beefmaster Sale, Houston, TX Mar. 1 • Mid-Coast International Super Sale, Houston, TX Mar. 2 • Beefmaster Promotion Group International Sale, Houston, TX Mar. 2 • Foundation Angus Alliance Bull & Female Sale, Luling, TX Mar. 2 • W4 Hereford Ranch Spring Production Sale, Morgan, TX

Noble, from Page 20 in the process of converting from a private foundation to an agricultural research organization. “The development of [agricultural research organizations] was almost a seven-year journey, and Steve led the entire effort,” Rusty Noble said.

“The project is but one example of his demonstrated vision, critical thinking and tenacity. He cares about Noble and its mission, and he cares for the development of the people he works with and leads. These qualities made him the clear choice for the Institute’s future.”

“I fell in love with the organization the first day I walked onto this campus and heard the story of Lloyd Noble,” Rhines said.

“Our focus is land stew-

ardship in livestock production for producer profitability. We deliver guidance, education, solutions, and innovations to farmers and ranchers — regionally and nationally. Being a part of an organization with a committed governing body, leadership team and employees is a foundation for success. It is the greatest job anyone could have.”

In addition to other community activities and service, Rhines serves as a governor-appointed member of both the Oklahoma School for Science and Mathematics Board of Trustees and the Oklahoma Science and Technology Research and Development Board.

Rhines and his wife, Debbie, live in Ardmore. They have three sons currently attending college: Andrew, Thomas and Grant.

Mar. 2 • Genetic Edge Brangus Sale, Houston, TX Mar. 2 • Braford Cattle Sale, Houston, TX Mar. 2 • South Texas Cattle Marketing Replacement Female Sale, Nixon, TX Mar. 6 • Buffalo Livestock Pre-Conditioned Sale, Buffalo, TX Mar. 7 • Jordan Cattle Auction Stocker-Feeder & Premium Weaned Sale, San Saba, TX Mar. 8 • Double Creek Angus Bull Sale, Clifton, TX Mar. 9 • SE TX ICA 24th Annual Commercial Bull & Heifer Sale, Beaumont, TX Mar. 13 • R.A. Brown Ranch Spring Angus Bull Sale, Throckmorton, TX Mar. 14 • Jordan Cattle Auction Special Bull Offering Cattleman’s Kind, San Saba, TX Mar. 16 • Live Oak Beefmaster Breeders Spring Sale, Three Rivers, TX Mar. 21 • Jordan Cattle Auction Special Replacement Female Sale, San Saba, TX Mar. 23 • Bluebonnett Classic Santa Gertrudis Sale, Hallettsville, TX Mar. 23 • Emmons Ranch Beefmaster Bull Sale, Groesbeck, TX Mar. 28 • Jordan Cattle Auction Special Bull Offering Knox Brothers Bulls Sale, San Saba, TX

Do you have a sale or event you’d like listed? Call Jesse Wright (979) 731-4721 or email jesse.wright@theeagle.com

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February 2019 — Issue II

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The Land & Livestock Post

News Survey, from Page 11 property to conduct surveys to select lands to be acquired. Of course, this means that surveys may be conducted prior to the property actually being condemned.

“Ancillary to the power of eminent domain is the authority to enter upon the land to make a preliminary survey.”

[I.P. Farms v. Exxon Pipeline Co., 646 S.W.2d 544 (Tex. Ct. App. – Houston (1st Dist.) 1982.]

Courts have issued injunctions against landowners attempting to interfere with this right.

There is a line of court cases that limit this right to visual inspections and lineal surveys only, refusing to allow more invasive procedures such as core drilling or subsurface soil testing. See Coastal Marine Serv. v.

City of Port Neches, 11 S.W.3d 509 (Tex. Ct. App. – Beaumont 2000).

Additionally, while the company does have the right to enter and survey, landowners may seek a “Right of Entry Permit,” which is essentially a contractual agreement with the company limiting its rights and imposing other protections for the landowner while the company is on the property.

Common elements in a Right of Entry Permit include: • Requiring a set amount of notice prior to entering the property pursuant to the permit, • Requiring access at a mutually agreeable time for company and landowner,

• Limiting the right of entry to only the property that is to be affected by the project, • Limiting the allowed entry to the purpose of conducting surveys, • Prohibiting cutting, removing or relocating any fences, • The requirement to restore land to original condition prior to survey, • Requiring all equipment and tools to be removed by a certain date, • Requiring the company promptly to repair or remediate any damage caused while on the property, • Providing an indemnification provision in favor of the landowner, • Requiring that the landowner be provided all nonprivileged information gathered such as surveys, reports, maps and photographs from the company at no charge.

I always advise landowners facing potential condemnation to consult with an attorney to ensure that their rights are protected and to ensure they get the best deal — both money and easement terms — possible.

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February 2019 — Issue II

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February 2019 — Issue II

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