Land and Livestock Post

March March2017 2017——Issue Issue22

To apply or Taking the shot not to apply?

XXXXXXXXXXXXXX Vaccines are an inexpensive way to protect your herd PAGE 10 12

PRSRT STD US POSTAGE PAID BRYAN, TX 77802 PERMIT # 23

JAMES THOMPSON WATER RIGHTS

JAMES THOMPSON DEALING WITH CALF SCOURS

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JAMES HOG WILD THOMPSON

JAMES THOMPSON RANCH MANAGEMENT U

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Straight Legal cases from may theclarify horse's water mouth. rights issues.

Straight Ag commissioner from the horse's promises mouth. “feral hog apocalypse.”

Straight Best wayfrom to make the horse's good decisions mouth. for your herd.

Straight April 3-7from eventthe targets horse's new mouth. producers.

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March 2017 — Issue 2



The Land & Livestock Post

News From the General Manager

I

am never quite sure what I am going to come home to each day. My children are 3 and 5. These are adorable ages, but there are also times when they are tiny crazy people.

Some days are very Beaver Cleaverish in that I walk in the door greeted by cries of “Daddy’s home!” followed by two adorable tots running to hug me. I don’t carry a briefcase or wear a fedora, but on those days, I feel I should, just so I can hang my hat, set down the briefcase and yell, “Honey, I’m home!” Days that end like that are so surreal, I sometimes check the driveway to make sure my pickup didn’t turn into a Packard.

Some days I can hear the screaming when I pull into the driveway. My entrance into the home on those days is a little different. It’s kind of like when you go to investigate a large crashing sound that wakes you up in the middle of the night: You know it’s probably nothing,

but chances are it’s not going to be good, and you’re a little bit frightened.

Recently, I came home to my daughter throwing an all-out fit in the living room. I’m talking, on the ground, back-arching, screaming-at-the-top-of-herlungs fit. Apparently, my son was watching Sesame Street, and this deeply offended her.

JESSE WRIGHT She was screaming, “I don’t want to watch this! I don’t want to watch this!” on a loop.

My wife’s attempts to calm her down and offer her alternatives other than watching TV were not successful. Being the stern father figure, I decided she needed a good talking to in order to stop this nonsense.

I picked her up, set her on my knee and was about to lay down the law when

she turned and looked at the TV. “Oh, that’s Grover,” she said, beaming.

And that was it. It was over. She sat and watched Sesame Street, completely content, and my wife and I started cooking supper.

I don’t think there is much anyone could have done beforehand to prevent my child’s meltdown. But, when it comes to cattle, a proper vaccination program can help head off an array of problems. In our cover story, we take a look at vaccination programs and the ways they can help you keep a healthy herd.

In this issue we also have news from around the ag industry as well as information on upcoming events and sales.

Hope you find something you like, and as always, thanks for reading. Also, I will be at the Texas & Southwestern Cattle Raisers convention later this month, so

if you’re going to be there too, be sure to stop by the Land & Livestock Post booth and say hello. ’Til next time,

• For more information about content or advertising,contact Jesse Wright at jesse. wright@theeagle.com.

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The Land & Livestock Post

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March 2017 — Issue 2

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News

Photo courtesy of Alan Cherepon, TCEQ

A public water supply wellhead in San Antonio.

Legal water issues could impact landowners

By Kay LedBetter Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

AMARILLO — Ongoing water legal battles around the state and nation could set precedents that affect all landowners, so they

bear watching, according to Tiffany Dowell Lashmet, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service agricultural law specialist in Amarillo.

Dowell Lashmet, speaking at

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March 2017 — Issue 2

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The Land & Livestock Post

News

Commissioner says ‘feral hog apocalypse’ is at hand Associated Press

AUSTIN — The Texas agriculture commissioner approved the use of a poison that he says may herald a “feral hog apocalypse” in a state where an estimated 2.5 million hogs roam.

Commissioner Sid Miller said that he will alter state agricultural rules to allow the use of a pesticide called Kaput Feral Hog Lure. The product is essentially bait food laced with warfarin, which is used as a human blood thinner but has proven lethal to hogs.

“This is going to be the hog apocalypse, if you like. If you want them gone, this will get them gone,” Miller said.

Hunters already are allowed to kill the animals from land or air. Miller as a state senator wrote legislation that allowed for the aerial killing of hogs. Researchers at one time were working to slow their rapid reproduction with a birth control pill.

The animal long has been seen by farmers as a nuisance that shreds fields and

AP Photo/Eric Gay, File

Feral pigs roam near a Mertzon ranch.The Texas agriculture commissioner announced on Feb. 21 that he has approved the use of a poison that he says may herald a “feral hog apocalypse” in a state where an estimated 2.5 million hogs roam. Commissioner Sid Miller said that bait food will be laced with warfarin, which is used as a human blood thinner but has proven lethal to hogs.

pastures. With some hogs reaching 400 pounds, they can root deep into a pasture causing craters that some farmers have compared to a mine blast.

Texas has half the nation’s feral hogs, but they’re now found in nearly 40 other states, up from fewer than 20 states in the 1990s. Descended from domesticated pigs who escaped, the hairy-backed hogs are found in nearly all of Texas’ 254 counties. They can produce three litters in two years, the piglets can reproduce six months after birth, and the animals have no natural predators.

Their explosive numbers and the ruin they can bring to land — it’s estimated they do some $50 million in damage to Texas crops and property each year — have spawned dark humor among farmers and others. For instance, it’s said that when a feral hog has six piglets, only eight are expected to survive. If a hog ever is killed, the

See FERAL HOGS, Page 18

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The Land & Livestock Post

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March 2017 — Issue 2

5

News

On-ranch decision making to combat calf scours

By DR. MEREDYTH JONES Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital

Calf scours are a challenging problem with young calves on the ground. Factors such as high stocking density, moisture, and having younger calves reared in the same areas as older calves all contribute to the problem. Prior to about 3 days of age, calf illness is almost exclusively the result of non-infectious diseases, such as complications from the birthing process or issues related to nursing. After about day 3, the calf has had the opportunity to be exposed to bacteria and viruses and those agents have had time to set up shop.

Most folks believe that the bacteria E. coli is the primary cause of calf diarrhea. In fact, most cases of calf diarrhea are caused by a virus called rotavirus. E. coli can cause diarrhea up to about 5 days of age, but diarrhea in 1-2 week old calves occurs more commonly and nearly always involves rotavirus or its more severe compadre, coronavirus. It is important to recognize this, as most cases of calf scours do not require antibiotic therapy.

But, of course, some do. I hope to show you a clear way to make decisions about what a calf with diarrhea needs and when.

Since we know that most cases of scours are viral, it’s important to understand how the viruses work. In the intestine, there are

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microscopic fingerlike projections (villi) that point towards the inside where feed and water pass. Now look at your finger as though it was one of these villi.

Most of the finger itself would be responsible for absorbing water and nutrients from milk and feed, while the part where it attaches to your hand is responsible for secreting substances in the other direction.

Rotavirus does its damage by lopping off the top third of the villus – like cutting your finger off at the first knuckle. When it does that to thousands of these tiny villi, the calf has now lost some ability to absorb water and nutrients and so the excess comes out in the feces. This results in a more watery stool, the calf becoming dehydrated, and losing important electrolytes. For coronavirus, the “finger” is cut off at about the second knuckle. So, the diarrhea and lack of absorption is even more severe and the diarrhea is often bloody. With this in mind, the #1 principle of treating calf scours is to replace electrolytes and water. Additionally, erosion of the blood vessels and loss of the integrity of this inner lining of the intestine, bacteria can be absorbed into the bloodstream. For this reason, about 25% of calves with diarrhea will need antibiotics. So how do we know which 25% it is? Two simple assessments will help you decide how to treat the calf on the farm

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Vet’s Voice and when to call the veterinarian. Can the calf stand? Can the calf suck your finger?

Whenever treatment is provided on-farm, your veterinarian should be contacted if the calf’s condition worsens at any time or if the calf does not improve in 2-3 days.

While treating a calf for scours, it is also important to limit spread of the infection by taking the following precautions: 1.The calf and dam should be

separated from the rest of the herd.

2.All equipment used on the cow and calf should be disinfected immediately after use.

This should involve washing the equipment first with soap and water to remove saliva, manure and other body fluids. It should

See SCOURS, Page 7

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March 2017 — Issue 2



The Land & Livestock Post

News LIVESTOCK MARKET REPORT Brazos Valley Livestock Results of the Brazos Valley Livestock Commission’s Feb. 21 sale.

Head: 235 Steers: 200-300 lbs., $164$185; 300-400 lbs., $154-$180; 400-500 lbs., $140-$171; 500-600 lbs., $130-157; 600-700 lbs., $120-$140; 700-800 lbs., $110-$120 Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $137$159; 300-400 lbs., $131-$152; 400-500 lbs., $120-$139; 500-600 lbs., $115-131; 600-700 lbs., $100-$120; 700-800 lbs., $98-$104 Slaughter bulls: $81-$87 Slaughter cows: $45$72.5 Bred cows: $850-$1,300 Cow/calf pairs: N/A

Buffalo Results of the Buffalo Livestock Commission’s Feb. 18 sale.

Head: 775 Steers: 150-200 lbs., $150$260; 200-300 lbs., $145-$245; 300-400 lbs., $140-$194; 400-500 lbs.,

$135-182; 500-600 lbs., $120-$162; 600-700 lbs., $115-$145; 700-800 lbs., $105-$125 Heifers: 150-200 lbs., $135$245; 200-300 lbs., $130-$200; 300-400 lbs., $120-$165; 400-500 lbs., $110-$150; 500-600 lbs., $105-$145; 600-700 lbs.,$95-$130; 700-800 lbs.,$85-$120 Slaughter bulls: $80-$105 Slaughter cows: $40-$75 Bred cows: $950-$2,175 Cow/calf pairs: $975-$2,000

Caldwell Results of the Caldwell Livestock Commission’s Feb. 22 sale.

Head: 303 Steers: 200-300 lbs., $175$197; 300-400 lbs., $165-$200; 400-500 lbs., $152-$165; 500-600 lbs., $136-$155; 600-700 lbs., $123-$133; 700-800 lbs., N/A Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $140$157; 300-400 lbs., $140-$165; 400-500 lbs., $133-$152; 500-600 lbs., $125-$143; 600-700 lbs., $120-$142; 700-800 lbs., N/A Slaughter bulls: $62-$90.

Slaughter cows: $45-$75 Bred cows: $700-$1,350

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Results of the Groesbeck Auction and Livestock Company’s Feb. 23 sale.

Head: 168 Steers: 300-400 lbs., $155$190; 400-500 lbs., $145-$180; 500-600 lbs., $127-$160; 600-700 lbs., $120-$145; 800-900 lbs., $100-$111 Heifers: 300-400 lbs., $140$170; 400-500 lbs., $135-$152; 500-600 lbs., $127-$140; 600-700 lbs., $106-$127; 800-900 lbs., N/A. Slaughter bulls: $86-$95.

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The Land & Livestock Post

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then be soaked in a chlorine solution by adding 1 ½ cups of bleach to 5 gallons of hot water for 15 minutes and then rinsed well.

3.Animal caretakers should wash hands well with soap and water after handling the calf and wear coveralls and overboots that can be disinfected. Treat the calf after doing chores on the rest

— Special to The Post of the herd in order to prevent tracking the virus back into the healthy herd.

Finally, calf scours should be considered a herd problem and it’s certainly worth a conversation with your veterinarian if fewer than 5 percent of calves develop scours so that a plan may be created to prevent illness the following calving season.

Improve your herd’s herd’s productivity

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Scours, from Page 6

Heifers: 150-300 lbs., $100$205; 300-400 lbs., $100$160; 400-500 lbs., $100$147.5; 500-600 lbs., $95-$130; 600-700 lbs., $90-$125 Slaughter bulls: $65-$85 Slaughter cows: $40-$64 Bred cows: $700-$1,250 Cow/calf pairs: $800-$1,500

March 2017 — Issue 2

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News

Spring Ranch Management University set for April 3-7

By Kay LedBetter Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

The Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service Ranch Management University will be offered April 3-7, said Larry Redmon, Texas A&M University soil and crop sciences associate department head and Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service program leader in College Station.

Ranch Management University is an intensive five-day event targeting new or inexperienced ranchers and landowners and covers the fundamentals of soils and soil fertility, forage establishment, and pasture management and utilization by livestock, Redmon said.

Ranch Management University is held each spring and fall at the G. Rollie White Visitors’ Center, 7707 Raymond Stotzer Parkway on the Texas A&M campus in College Station.

Registration is $500 and attendance is limited to 40 people, Redmon said. To register online and for more informa-

tion, go to agriliferegister.tamu.edu and enter “ranch management” in the search window. Registration will end March 24 online.

The course is taught primarily by AgriLife Extension specialists at College Station. Speakers and their topics include: • David Anderson, economist, Planning for Profit and Marketing Livestock: Cow-calf ? Stockers? Or Own Them to the Feedlot?

• Jake Mowrer, state soil fertility specialist, Basic Soils, Soil Fertility and Soil Sampling in the Field.

• Matt Brown, forage and water quality program specialist, What Is a Watershed?

• Redmon, Forage Establishment, Weed and Brush Management, Hay Sampling, Sprayer Calibration, and Use of Prescribed Fire and the Prescribed Burn Associations.

• Jennifer Zoller, horse specialist, Horse Production 101.

• Jason Cleere, beef cattle specialist,

MARCH Mar. 1 Thomas Charolais Inc. Spring Bull Sale, Raymondville, TX Mar. 2 Jordan Cattle Auction Stocker-Feeder & Premium Weaned Sale, San Saba, TX Mar. 4 Foundation Angus Alliance Sale, Luling, TX Mar. 4 W4 Hereford Ranch Bull & Commercial Female Sale, Morgan, TX Mar. 4 South TX Cattle Marketing Female Sale, Nixon, TX Mar. 7 Houston International Simmental/Simbrah Sale, Houston, TX Mar. 8 Houston All Breeds Commercial Female Sale, Houston, TX Mar. 8 Houston All Breeds Registered Range Bull Sale, Houston, TX Mar. 8 International Brahman Sale, Houston, TX Mar. 9 Jordan Cattle Auction Special Bull Offering Cattleman’s Kind Simmentals, San Saba, TX Mar. 10 Houston Magic Beefmaster Sale, Houston, TX Mar. 10South Texas Beefmaster Breeders Assn. Sale,

Genetic Strategies for Profitable Beef Production, Nutrient Requirements and Supplementation of Beef Cattle, Body Condition Scores in Beef Cattle, Nontraditional Production Strategies and an animal handling demonstration at the Texas A&M Beef Center.

• Vanessa Corriher-Olson, forage specialist in Overton, Forage Legumes in the Pasture and Hay Production.

• Jason Hohlt, U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service range specialist, Natural Resources Conservation Service Financial Assistance Programs.

• Jim Cathey, wildlife specialist, Using Wildlife as Agriculture for Property Tax Purposes, Rio Grande Turkey Management, Northern Bobwhite Issues and Management, and White-Tailed Deer Management.

• Peter Woods, fisheries program specialist in Bay City, Farm Pond Management and farm pond visit.

Houston, TX Mar. 10Mid Coast Santa Gertrudis Sale, Houston, TX Mar. 11 Genetic Development Center Best of the Test Brangus Cattle Sale, Navasota, TX Mar. 11 Evans Angus Female Sale, Proctor, TX Mar. 11 Genetic Edge Brangus Sale, Houston, TX Mar. 16 Jordan Cattle Auction Special Replacement Female Sale, San Saba, TX Mar. 16 McKellar Angus Bull Sale, Mt. Pleasant, TX Mar. 18 44 Farms Angus Bull Sale, Abilene, TX Mar. 18 Tested by Time Brangus Sale at Mound Creek Ranch Leona, TX Mar. 18 ABBA National F1 Female & Brahman Sale, Caldwell, TX Mar. 18 SE TX ICA Bull & Female Sale, Beaumont, TX Mar. 23 Jordan Cattle Auction Special Bull Offering JE Red Angus Ranch, San Saba, TX Mar. 25 Bluebonnet Classic Santa Gertrudis Sale, Hallettsville, TX Mar. 25 Cavender and Sturgess Double Charolais Bull & Female Sale, Jacksonville, TX

• Josh Helcel, wildlife and fisheries associate in Gatesville, Feral Hog Issues and a hog trap demonstration.

Meals and break refreshments are covered by the registration fee, along with customized flash drives containing more than 100 publications covering ranch resource management.

For additional information or late registration, contact Linda Francis at 979-8452425 or l-francis@tamu.edu.

APRIL Apr. 1 Heart of Texas Replacement Female Sale, Groesbeck, TX Apr. 1 MW Ranch Hereford Production Sale, Brownwood, TX Apr. 8 Collier Farms Beefmaster Advantage Sale, Giddings, TX Apr. 8 Jordan Cattle Auction Best of the Best Replacement Female Sale, San Saba, TX Apr. 8 Griswold Cattle Grass to Grid Angus Bull Sale, Follett, TX Apr. 8 Caldwell Livestock Replacement Female Sale, Caldwell, TX Apr. 15 East Texas/Louisiana BBA Sale, Crockett, TX Apr. 15 2017 Southwest Showcase Sale, Crockett, TX Apr. 20 Jordan Cattle Auction Special Bull Offering Angus of Clear Creek, San Saba, TX Apr. 22 Springtime in Texas Beefmaster Sale, Brenham, TX Apr. 23 National E6 Beefmaster Sale, Columbus, TX Apr. 29 Live Oak BBA Spring Sale, Three Rivers, TX

Do you have a sale or event you’d like listed? Call Jesse Wright (979) 731-4721 or email jesse.wright@theeagle.com

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March 2017 — Issue 2



The Land & Livestock Post

News Water, from Page 4 the recent High Plains Irrigation Conference, outlined several legal actions concerning the Clean Water Act and corresponding definitions of Waters of the U.S., or WOTUS. The Clean Water Act is a federal law that gives the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers jurisdiction over the “waters of the U.S.” But there is no definition in the Clean Water Act of what constitutes a WOTUS, she said.

A new rule passed by EPA and the Corps of Engineers attempted to clarify the definition of WOTUS, but numerous lawsuits were filed alleging the new definition actually broadened, rather than clarified, the term.

Currently, there is a nationwide stay on the rule pending litigation, Dowell Lashmet said.

Now, the case will be going before the U.S. Supreme Court for a ju-

risdictional challenge to decide which court will hear arguments, and then the legal battle likely will proceed to federal court at some level.

Something that could render all of the court proceedings unnecessary is what is going on in Washington, she said. The Trump administration has indicated it will work to eliminate the new Waters of the U.S. rule.

“But we still have to worry about the Clean Water Act and the interpretation of ‘waters of the United States,’” Dowell Lashmet said.

A Clean Water Act case in California causing concern for agricultural producers involves a farmer who purchased grassland and plowed it to plant wheat. The Corps of Engineers took the position that because the field had vernal swells, or low spots that fill with water when it rains and these were connected hydrologi-

See COURTS, Page 15

The Land & Livestock Post

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March 2017 — Issue 2

9

News

Getting to the point Economics of a vaccination program

By RoBeRt FeaRs Special to The Post

T

he three-legged stool of beef production is genetics, nutrition and health. If any one of these three legs is shorter than the other two, the stool will not stand.

Although three strong, even-length legs are required, they must be constructed in an economic fashion for the operation to be successful.

Vaccination is an important tool in animal health programs to decrease incidence and severity of disease.

“Commodity prices fluctuate and cattle markets are unpredictable, but value of vaccination is dependable,” said Dr. Doug Ensley of Boehringer Ingelheim during a presentation at the 2017 Cattle Industry Convention in Nashville, Tennessee. “Vaccination can reduce need for antibiotics, which is important for lowering production costs and addressing the public’s concern over antibiotic resistance. Remember, however, disease prevention is more than vaccinations.

Proper animal husbandry practices must be employed as well.”

Respiratory disease

Cowherd preventive health primarily is minimizing respiratory and reproductive disease. Respiratory pathogens of concern are listed in Table 1. Collectively, the viruses are known as shipping fever or bovine respiratory disease.

Symptoms of bovine respiratory disease include high temperatures, nasal discharge, increased respiratory rate, head down, loss of appetite and/or depression.

“It is very unlikely that [bovine respiratory disease] control in the feedlot can

10

Vaccines are inexpensive and an important part of an animal health program. Cover photo courtesy of Johnson Cattle Marketing. be accomplished through an on-arrival vaccination program,” Ensley said.

“Bovine respiratory disease prevention is the responsibility of the cow-calf producer and there is value in doing so.

Proper management and preconditioning calves can result in $1.43 to $6.15 per hundredweight higher selling prices.

Selling healthy calves builds a good reputation for the ranch and market

March 2017 — Issue 2

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Photo by Robert Fears

discounts are avoided. To solicit a good sales price, provide health records to buyers.”

See INNOCULATE, Page 11

The Land & Livestock Post

News Innoculate, from Page 10 Bacterial pneumonia, included in the shipping fever complex, is caused by Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasterella multocida and Histophilus sommi.

Dr. Max Irsik of University of Florida IFAS Extension said, “Pneumonia associated with either Mannheimia haemolytica or Pasteurella multocida often occurs when the animal’s normal defenses are compromised.

Examples of compromised defense mechanisms include damage to the cells lining the upper respiratory tract by viruses such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza or bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Damage to the tracheal lining also could occur due to inhaled irritants such as exhaust fumes or dust.” (www. ufdc.ufl.edu/IR00003752/00001) Histophilus somni is a bac-

Photo by Robert Fears

Include labor costs in calculations of the cost of a vaccination program. terium that lives in the nasal passages of cattle. When the bacteria are involved in pneumonia, it often is overgrown by Pasteurella organisms.

Reproductive disease

The primary reproductive diseases are listed in Table 2, as well as times of pregnancy wastage. Vibriosis (Vibrio) is an important infectious venereal disease of cattle resulting in infertility and abortion. It is caused by the bacterium Campylobacter fetus and is spread by infected bulls when they mate susceptible cows and heifers. Ensley said that vibrio is primarily an early embryonic death disease, but can cause abortion across the gestation

See DISEASE, Page 12

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News

Records should be kept on disease incidence and treatments.

Disease, from Page 11 period.

Bovine trichomoniasis — trich — is a venereal disease of

Photo by Robert Fears

cattle and is caused by the protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus, Ensley said. “It causes [early

See VACCINE, Page 13

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March 2017 — Issue 2



The Land & Livestock Post

News Vaccine, from Page 12 embryonic death] or early abortions. The cow will usually clear the virus by 8 to 120 days post infection. Trich infection results in late calving cows and/or open cows, depending on length of breeding season.”

Leptospirosis in cattle is

generally caused by one of two strains — Leptospira hardjobovis or Leptospira pomona.

These two bacteria infect the kidney and genital tract of cattle. Transmission of these two pathogens often involves direct contact with infected urine, placenta or milk.

Ensley said, “[Leptospira

hardjo-bovis] occurs during all stages of gestation, but primarily results in [early embryonic death]. Leptospira Pomona

causes abortions at four to 12 weeks after onset of infection, usually in the second or third trimester of gestation.”

“Two respiratory viruses, bovine viral diarrhea and infec-

See VIRUSES, Page 16

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News Courts, from Page 9 cally to a river eight miles away, they were WOTUS. The farmer was told a federal permit was needed to plow his property.

The trial court sided with the government, finding the field did contain waters of the U.S., and an ongoing farming exemption from the Clean Water Act did not apply, so the landowner was required to obtain a federal permit. The case is now on appeal at the 9th Circuit Court.

“A lot of attorneys are concerned about the precedent this could set,” Dowell Lashmet said.

“It is this type of broad interpretation of what constitutes a WOTUS and narrow construction of statutory exemptions from the rule that cause landowners concern over the EPA’s new definition.”

In Texas, the ongoing Bragg vs. Edwards Aquifer Authority resulted in the first-ever “takings” verdict when a permit to

pump groundwater was denied, she said.

Dowell Lashmet provided a brief background: A farmer planted pecan orchards on a property overlaying the Edwards Aquifer before there was an entity to monitor groundwater pumping. One orchard was irrigated with water from the Edwards Aquifer and the rest another shallower aquifer.

Then the Edwards Aquifer Authority, created in 1993, began requiring landowners to obtain a permit in order to pump water from the aquifer.

Bragg filed the permit application for both of his orchards, but the Edwards Aquifer Authority denied his request in part for one orchard and entirely for the other. So Bragg filed a lawsuit, saying the denial was a taking of his private property because landowners own the water beneath their land.

See LAWS, Page 18

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Electronic Newsletter 500+ Head

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March 2017 — Issue 2

15

News Photo by Robert Fears

Healthy cattle can sell at primium prices.

Viruses, from Page 13 tious bovine rhinotracheitis, may cause reproductive problems such as delayed or failed conception or abortions,” Ensley continued. “[Bovine viral diarrhea] can cause multiple reproductive problems in a

16

March 2017 — Issue 2



herd through the entire gestation period. [Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis] can also cause conception problems, or it may cause cattle to abort after five or more months of gestation.”

“With bovine viral diarrhea virus, cattle can be infected for their entire life and spread the disease to herd mates,” said Dr. Robert Fulton of

See INFECTED, Page 17

The Land & Livestock Post

News Infected, from Page 16 Oklahoma State University.

“These animals are referred to as persistently infected. Tests are available to help identify [persistently infected] animals for removal from the herd to prevent spread of [bovine viral diarrhea virus].”

Fulton said, “It is recommended that animals with aborted calves or young animals dying of varied clinical

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signs should be tested for [persistently infected] status. The first clue of [bovine viral diarrhea virus] in the herd often comes from diagnostic laboratory testing.

“Prevention of [bovine viral diarrhea virus] requires implementation of a well-designed biosecurity plan developed by the producer and a veterinarian, testing of animals with appropriate removal of all positive animals and a well-designed preventive vaccination program.” (www.pods.dasnr. okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/ Get/Document-9775/ANSI3359web/pdf)

Vaccine economics

“When designing a vaccination program, it is important to calculate its cost effectiveness,” said Dr. Robert Callan of Colorado State University.

“Cost effectiveness of a vaccine is dependent on four factors.

First determine cost of the vaccine and the labor required to administer it. These costs are designated as VC. (www.cvmbs. colostate.edu/ilm/proinfo/ cdn/98articles/Vaccine%20Economics98.pdf) “Know the incidence of the disease you are trying to prevent,” continued Callan. “This

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is the percentage of animals that the disease is likely to affect each year in your area.

Thirdly, determine the average treatment and production cost of the disease in an infected animal. This includes drug costs, syringes, needles, labor, veterinary fees and diagnostic fees.

The last factor is the vaccine efficacy — expected decrease in incidence and severity associated with use of the vaccine.”

“A vaccine program is cost effective when [cost of the vaccine] is less than the cost benefit of vaccination. “Cost benefit is estimated using the formula, [incidence of the disease] X [cost of the disease] X [vaccine efficacy],” Callan explained.

“Use of this formula is demonstrated in Table 3 with 2001 costs and estimates. You can work with your veterinarian to investigate financial benefits of vaccination in your herd under

Some estimates of outbreaks in 1998 were as much as $400 per cow,” said Oklahoma State’s Fulton.

“Impacts in the feedlot have been measured in several studies during the last few years.

Cattle entering the feedlot and test positive as [persistently infected — bovine viral diarrhea virus], may only represent 0.3 percent, but cattle exposed to a [persistently infected — bovine viral diarrhea virus] calf increase their chance of respiratory disease by 43 percent.

In addition, 15.9 percent of all respiratory tract disease can be attributed to exposure to a [persistently infected] positive animal at some point.”

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current conditions.”

Ensley offered six tips for maintaining a successful animal health program. Work with your beef cattle veterinarian to draft and implement a herd health plan. Develop a herd health calendar so that tasks are not overlooked. Carefully select animal health products to ensure that they will meet needs and expectations. Effectiveness is sometimes forfeited for a lower price.

Monitor animal nutritional status. Animals in poor body condition are less likely to build pathogen immunity than animals in good condition.

Continually improve genetics to allow animals to become more disease resistant. Keep records on disease incident, injuries, treatments and costs.

“Reproductive losses are the most expensive to cow-calf producers and difficult to measure.



March 2017 — Issue 2

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News Laws, from Page 15

Texas AgriLife Extension Service photo by Billy Higginbotham

Texas has half the nation’s feral hogs.

Feral hogs, from Page 5 next day 15 come to the funeral.

Miller says the Kaput Feral Hog Lure will pose only a minimal risk if consumed by other animals because much higher dosages are needed to affect other wildlife or livestock. Hunters will know if a hog consumed the pesticide because its fat will turn blue.

But some groups such as the

Texas Hog Hunters Association criticize Miller’s action because hunters may be less likely to target feral hogs knowing there may be poison in their systems, the Houston Chronicle reported.

Some Texas cities and counties are taking different approaches to culling hog herds.

Dallas officials last month approved hiring a contractor who will trap and remove the animals and then take them to a slaughterhouse.

“When the government takes your private property, they have to pay you just compensation — that was his premise,” Dowell Lashmet said. “The trial court and the San Antonio Court of Appeals sided with Bragg. The case was appealed to the Texas Supreme Court, but it denied hearing it. That meant the court of appeals ruling stood — there was a taking and he was due just compensation, which the jury found to be $2.5 million.”

She said the Edwards Aquifer Authority has announced it will not appeal this decision.

Although in this case, the landowner successfully challenged the denial of a permit to pump groundwater and a taking did occur, Dowell Lashmet warned that these cases are extremely fact-specific and difficult to win.

Another case, the City of Lubbock vs. Coyote Lake Ranch near Muleshoe, involves groundwater

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be produced another way and the surface use cannot be made another way.

The Coyote Lake landowner argued that Lubbock still could drill its water wells, but should do so in a way that accommodates the existing surface use of the ranch in doing so.

The Amarillo Court of Appeals said there was no accommodation doctrine for groundwater rights. The landowner appealed to the Texas Supreme Court, which issued an important ruling. First, it found the groundwater estate is dominant, like a mineral estate. Second, it found the accommodation doctrine can apply to a groundwater owner, if the three accommodation factors can be proven by the landowner.

Now the case will go back to the trial court to determine if the landowner can meet these three required factors in order for the doctrine to apply in this case and offer some protection to the landowners.

rights sold in 1953 to Lubbock.

The city owned the right to come onto the land to search and drill for water, and in 2012, it proposed drilling 60 wells on the property..

The new landowner argued that although Lubbock owned the groundwater and had the right to drill wells, he was protected by the accommodation doctrine and should have some say in where those wells could be drilled and how other items such as power lines needed for water well use would be constructed.

This doctrine had been applied only with regard to mineral rights where the mineral estate is considered dominant, Dowell Lashmet said. The mineral owner has the right to use as much of the surface as is reasonably necessary to produce the minerals.

But, the accommodation doctrine requires it to do what it can to accommodate existing surface uses if the landowner can prove three factors: substantial impact on surface use, the mineral can

Number one yielding seeded bermudagrass in production Number one yielding seededtrials at TAMU Agrilife bermudagrass inExtension production&trials Research Center, Overton, at TAMU Agrilife Extension TX & and Mississippi State University.

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SEEDED BERMUDAGRASS STUDY ANNUAL DRY MATTER FORAGE YIELDS 2011, 2012, & 2013 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY STARKVILLE, MISSISSIPPI y Variet Variety

Total Yield

Harvest Date LB / ACRE

LB / ACRE

LB / ACRE

3 YEAR

2011

2012

2013

AVG

RANK

Texas Tough +

4,646

11,488

7,618

7,917

1

Sungrazer +

3,516

11,281

6,599

7,132

2

Buckaroo

3,979

10,881

6,428

7,096

3

Cowboy

3,426

10,054

7,301

6,927

4

Ranchero Frio

3,051

10,374

7,013

6,713

5

Numex Sahara

3,201

10,293

6,772

6,755

6

Amarillo King

3,586

9,873

6,561

6,673

7

Laredo

3,410

9,975

6,654

6,680

8

Highlander

2,379

10,880

6,159

6,473

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Mohawk

3,163

9,739

6,321

6,408

10

Cheyenne II

3,612

9,334

5,941

6,295

11

Rancher

2,830

9,740

6,085

6,218

12

Planting Date: 6/4/11 (Replanted 7/13/11) 10 lbs (P.L.S.) Planting Rate, LSD (0.05) Commercially available varieties only included in these results.

I first planted Texas Tough + Bermudagrass for grazing and baling. I now have over I planted 210 acres of Texas Tough + Bermuda, and started year.

200I acres production.

It has Tough remained+free of disease and the have remained in 45 days.

It has been in our rotational and first in planted Texas Bermudagrass Bermudagrass inyields the Spring of 2009grazing for grazing and baling.

My Texas Tough +grazing has been free ofTexas disease no loss My yields consistent with no production through consistent.

Tough +with establishes fast of withstands. excellent forage quality have and fineremained stems. I has held up under our loss Floridainconditions very even well. We hope our drought of the last four years. It establishes establishes fast with excellent forage quality and much finer stems stems than Coastal am Bermudagrass. very pleased with my It Texas +, it has increased my grazing time from 90 90 days to plant moregrasses in the future when the on rightmyland is available. days Texas Tough hasTough increased my grazing time from days on native to 150 stands.

I plan planting more in 2015. TX. Bertram, TX on native pasture to 150on days.

Denny Chaney – Bertram, Dan Ryals, Ryals Citrus & CattleDenny CompanyChaney– Fort Ogden, FL Stands stay productive year after

March 2017 — Issue 2



The Land & Livestock Post

The Land & Livestock Post



March 2017 — Issue 2

19

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March 2017 — Issue 2

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The Land & Livestock Post