Land and Livestock Post

March March2015 2015——Issue Issue22

It’s the lease you can do

Make sure the paperwork is done correctly PAGE 12

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StraightRanch Spring from the Management horse's mouth.

U to begin March 30.

Straight from Off-range pastures the horse's neededmouth. for wild horses.

Straightchanging Know from thenutrition horse's mouth. needs of your cattle.

Straight information Needed from the horse's in receiving mouth. stocker cattle.

2

March 2015 — Issue 2

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The Land & Livestock Post

News From the General Manager

T

his issue happens to hit right in the middle of Spring Break. As I’m writing this though, I’m ready for winter to take a break.

I’m not a big fan of the cold.

I’m not particulary fond of heat either, but at least when it’s hot out, all you have to do is lie still and you’ll probably be all right.

Aside from wanting to be rid of the cold, I also am looking forward to my gas bill JESSE WRIGHT going down, as well as that three-week period before I have to crank up the AC. If my utilities could stay in that zone for longer than three weeks, I might be able to save enough and go some place that’s hot or cold for Spring Break!

But that is not likely to happen, so I’ll just sit here and shiver, or sit and keep bringing you the news from the ag

world. In this issue, we take a look at grazing leases and how they can help the producer and the land owner, as well of some tips on how to negotiate successfully. We also have some news from Texas AgriLife as well as some input from The Noble Foundation. I’m sure you’ll find something you like.

Also, if you are heading to Fort Worth for the Texas & Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association convention and tradeshow, be sure to stop by the Land & Livestock Post booth and say hello! ’Til next time,

• For more information about content or advertising, contact Jesse Wright at jesse.wright@theeagle. com.

Hay storage topic of Growth Conference

By Blair Fannin Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

WACO — There are several management considerations regarding hay storage and reducing feed loss, according to a Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service beef cattle specialist.

Stephen Hammack, AgriLife Extension beef cattle specialist emeritus in Stephenville, shared his perspective, and AgriLife ExTexas A&M AgriLife Extension Service photo by Blair Fannin

Round bales of hay can be an expensive proposition when purchasing and storing.

The Land & Livestock Post

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March 2015 — Issue 2

tension beef cattle specialist Jason Banta’s explained research options for producers to consider at the recent Blackland Income Growth Conference held in Waco.

First, consider how round baled hay is harvested.

“There’s generally less loss when net wrapped versus twine wrapped,” Hammack said. “The tighter they (the bales) are, the less the loss.”

Precipitation is also a big factor in loss, Hammack said.

“The far eastern part of Texas is going to have more than the

See HAY, Page 4

3

News Hay, from Page 3

Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service photo by Blair Fannin

west,” he said.

According to research conducted at Louisiana State University, there was 3 percent loss over a 280-day period when round bales were stored in a pole barn, 9 percent when stored under a tarp, and 15 percent loss when left outside with no protection.

“You want to minimize ground contact,” Hammack said. “You can use pallets, tires, a rock pad or store bales in a barn. You also want to store in a sunny location with a breeze. You don’t want to store in shade because the bales will take longer to dry out after a rain, leading to increased losses.”

Hammack recommends not storing bales side by side, but rather end to end. A plastic tarp covering also helps protect the bales and it prevents water from penetrating the top of the bale and

At the recent Blackland Income Growth Conference inWaco, Stephen Hammack, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service beef cattle specialist emeritus,discusses options for reducing loss when storing and feeding hay. being absorbed.

“A good way to keep those bales off the ground is to use old telephone poles,” he said.

There are several methods that can be used to eliminate feeding waste. Hammack said the best way is to restrict intake by using hay rings or rolling out the hay.

“You want to require the cattle to clean up the hay before feeding any more,” he said. “You can waste a lot of money on hay or save a lot of money with different storage and feeding methods.”

Hammack recommended producers go to beef. tamu.edu for more information on management practices for beef cattle operations.

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April 4 - Counsil Family Limousin Focused on the Future Sale, Madisonville, TX. 903-344-2331

March

April 11 – Collier Farm Beefmaster Advantage Sale. Giddings, TX

March 13- Best of the Test, Performance Tested Multi-Breed Bull & Female Sale.

Navasota, TX. 979-324-6004

April 11 – Heart of Texas Special Replacement Female Sale. Groesbeck, TX. 903-599-2403

March 13 & 14 - The Black Hereford Sale. Waxahachie, TX

April 18 – Lone Star Angus Sale.

Gainesville,TX.

March 21 - ABBA Brahman and National April 18 - Caldwell Livestock F1 Sale. Caldwell, TX Replacement Female Sale, Caldwell, TX March 21 – Four County Auction Spring Consignment Sale. Industry, TX. 979-3572545 March 27-29 Cattle Raisers Convention and Expo. Fort Worth, TX

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March 30 - Spring Ranch Management University. College Station, TX. 979-8454826

April 26 – Beefmaster E6 Replacement Female Sale. Columbus, TX Do you have a sale or event you’d like listed?

Call Jesse Wright at (979) 731-4721 or email jesse. wright@theeagle.com

March 2015 — Issue 2

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News Spring Ranch Management University to be March 30-April 3

By Kay LedBetter Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

The next Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service Ranch Management University will be March 30-April 3, according to Larry Redmon, AgriLife Extension state forage specialist in College Station.

The Ranch Management University is an intensive five-day event that targets new or inexperienced ranchers and landowners, Redmon said.

It is held each spring and fall at the G. Rollie White Visitor’s Center, 7707 Raymond Stotzer Parkway on the Texas A&M University campus in College Station.

Registration is $500 and attendance is limited to 40 people, Redmon said.

To register online and for more

information, go to agriliferegister.tamu.edu and enter “ranch management” into the search window.

The course is primarily taught

by AgriLife Extension specialists at College Station. Speakers and their topics include: • David Anderson, economist,

Planning for Profit and Marketing Livestock: Cow-calf ? Stockers? Or Own Them to the Feedlot?

• Mark McFarland, state soil fertility specialist, Basic Soils, Soil Fertility, Soil Sampling in the Field, Technical and Financial Assistance for Landowners,

and What Is a Watershed?

Redmon, Forage Establishment, Weed and Brush Management, Forage Legumes in the Pasture, Hay Production, Hay Production and Sprayer Calibration, and Use of Prescribed Fire and the Prescribed Burn Associations.

• Dennis Sigler, horse specialist, “Horse Production 101.”

• Jason Cleere, beef cattle specialist, “Genetic Strategies for Profitable Beef Production, Nutrient Requirements and Supplementation of Beef Cattle, Body

See UNIVERSITY, Page 8

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March 2015 — Issue 2

1415 East OSR • Bryan, Texas 77808 Office: (979) 776-5760 • Fax: (979) 776-4818 Website: www.circlexbrangus.com Steve Densmore, Cattle Mgr., (979) 450-0819, cell • (979) 778-1055, home Chris Duewall, Operations Mgr., (979) 777-6803, cell

5

News Workshops for farm/ranch women set for April and May in Fort Worth

By Blair Fannin Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

FORT WORTH — New U.S. census data indicates that the number of women in Texas managing farms has been increasing steadily since 2007. A series of workshops is scheduled in Fort Worth to help cater to this trend.

Annie’s Project is an educational program dedicated to strengthening women’s roles in the modern farm enterprise, said Jason Johnson, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service econ-

Published by Bryan-College Station Communications, Inc. (979) 776-4444 or (800) 299-7355

President - Crystal Dupré .....................................................Ext. 4613 Publisher and Editor- Kelly Brown.........................................Ext. 4656 Advertising Director - Ron Prince ........................................ Ext. 4740 Advertising Sales/General Manager - Jesse Wright ...............Ext. 4721 Financial Director - Rod Armstrong .......................................Ext. 4605 Production Director - Mark Manning.....................................Ext. 4671 Circulation Director - Greg Parker ........................................Ext. 4752

Published by Bryan-College Station Communications, Inc., P.O. Box 3000, Bryan,Texas 77805.

E-mail: thepost@theeagle.com All offices are located at 1729 Briarcrest Drive Bryan,Texas 77802.

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to The Eagle, P.O. Box 3000, Bryan,Texas 77805-3000 The Post is printed in part on recycled paper and is fully recyclable.

omist in Stephenville. The series will be offered in six sessions, from 6-9 p.m. each Tuesday beginning April 9 through May 14, at the Fort Worth Botanic Garden — Garden Center, 3220 Botanic Garden Blvd.

Designed to provide information on the fundamentals of maintaining a farm, Annie’s Project empowers farm women to be better business partners through networks and by managing and organizing critical information, Johnson said.

“Often farm women do not feel comfortable in the coffee shop network that is so familiar to farm and ranch men,” Johnson said.

“Annie’s project provides a place where farm women can learn both from the perspectives of local agricultural professionals as well as the experiences of other class members.”

Cost is $50 per person, and class size is limited to 30, he said. Registration slots will be filled on a first-come, first-served basis.

The conference is sponsored

by AgriLife Extension, with program support provided by Farm Credit Bank of Texas.

Interested participants with questions about the program can request a brochure and registration form by contacting Johnson at 254-968-4144 or the AgriLife Extension office for Tarrant County in Fort Worth at 817-884-1941. The registration form is available at

See WOMEN, Page 7 Rural Land Loans Country Home Loans Farm & Ranch Loans

CAPITAL

FARM CREDIT

Livestock Loans Equipment Loans Operating Capital Leasing

Bryan Credit Office 3000 Briarcrest Dr., Ste. 101 979.775.0404 | 877.775.0404 CapitalFarmCredit.com

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6

March 2015 — Issue 2

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News Women, from Page 6 bit.ly/1JmMUG9.

Scheduled speakers include a broad spectrum of local professionals, practitioners and experts from Texas Farm Bureau insurance, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Farm Service Agency, USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, crop insurance, farm credit, as well as an agricultural attorney, family financial management specialist and a registered investment advisor.

According to the 2012 Census of Agriculture, there has been a 10 percent increase in the number of farms principally operated by women since 2007.

Women now manage 15 percent of the nation’s farms and about 38,500 farms in Texas. Gaining confidence to understand the complex agricultural business surrounded by the support of other farm women is the founda-

TE PRIVA Y T A E TR

rk An a l C

tion of Annie’s Project, Johnson said.

“The program is based on the experiences of farm women who spend their lifetime learning how to be an involved business manager or partner with their farm husbands and other family members,” Johnson said.

“The reality is that over 90 percent of farm women usually end up managing their personal and farm business finances at some point in their lives as a result of death, divorce or disability.”

Participants will receive training in critical decision-making and information areas addressing risk management in the areas of production, marketing, financial, legal and human resources, as well as estate planning.

Additional information about the program and how other farm women nationally have benefitted is available at www.extension. iastate.edu/annie.

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7

News University, from Page 5 Condition Scores in Beef Cattle, Non-traditional Production Strategies,â€? and an animal handling demonstration at the Texas A&M University Beef Center. • Rick Machen, livestock specialist from Uvalde, “Small Ruminants — What Are They and Where Do They ‘Fit?’â€? • Jim Cathey, wildlife specialist, “Using Wildlife as Agriculture for Property Tax Purposes, Rio Grande Turkey Management, Managing for Dove, Northern Bobwhite Issues and Management, and White-Tailed Deer

You are invited to attend

Management.â€? • Peter Wood, AgriLife Extension fisheries program specialist, “Farm Pond Managementâ€? and lead a farm pond visit. • Mark Tyson, AgriLife Extension associate, “Feral Hog Issuesâ€? and he will conduct a hog trap demonstration.

Meals and break refreshments are covered by the registration fee, as well as customized flash drives containing more than 100 publications covering ranch resource management.

For additional information, contact Redmon at 979-845-4826 or l-redmon@tamu.edu.

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March 2015 — Issue 2

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The Land & Livestock Post

News LIVESTOCK MARKET REPORT Buffalo Results of the Buffalo Livestock Exchange’s Feb. 21 sale: Head: 587 Steers: 150-200 lbs., $322$460; 200-300 lbs., $300-$425; 300-400 lbs., $275-$380; 400-500 lbs., $245-$320; 500-600 lbs., $235-$285; 600-700 lbs., $215-$245; 700-800 lbs., $195-$215.

Heifers: 150-200 lbs., $300$390; 200-300 lbs., $275-$375; 300-400 lbs., $245-$320; 400-500 lbs., $215-$305; 500-600 lbs., $195-$280; 600-700 lbs., $190-$247; 700-800 lbs., $165-$200.

Slaughter bulls: $115-$150.

Slaughter cows: $75-$135.

Bred cows: $1,250-$2,525.

Cow/calf pairs: $1,100-$3,600.

Caldwell Results of the Caldwell Livestock Commission’s Feb. 18 sale: Head: 209 Steers: 200-300 lbs., $350$395; 300-400 lbs., $340-$380; 400-500 lbs., $2850-$330; 500-600 lbs., $240-$270; 600-700 lbs., $220-$240; 700-800 lbs., $206-$215.

Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $330$395; 300-400 lbs., $300-$370; 400-500 lbs., $270-$290; 500-600 lbs., $230-$270; 600-700 lbs.,

$210-$260; 700-800 lbs., $200-$215.

Slaughter bulls: $128-$142.

Slaughter cows: $88-$126.

Stocker cows: $1,500-$1,1,825.

Groesbeck Results of the Groesbeck Auction & Livestock Co.’s Feb. 26 sale: Head: 67 Steers: 300-400 lbs., $350$400; 400-500 lbs., $300-$340; 500-600 lbs., $250-$280; 600-700 lbs., $210-$240.

Heifers: 300-400 lbs., $300$360; 400-500 lbs., $280-$330; 500-600 lbs., $220-$265; 600-700 lbs.,

BLM looking for off-range pastures to allow wild horses to roam freely Special to The Post

The Bureau of Land Management is seeking proposals for new off-range pasture facilities that can provide a free-roaming environment for wild horses removed from Western public lands.

Proposals will be accepted from the following states through April 22: Arkansas, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas and Wyoming.

One or more off-range pasture contracts will be awarded and each must accommodate a minimum of 100 wild horses.

The contractor must provide humane care for a one-year period, with a renewal option under Bureau of Land Management contract for a four-year or nineyear period.

Applicants who never have conducted business with the government first must obtain a Duns and Bradstreet number at www.dnb.com before registering at www.sam.gov/ to do business

with the federal government.

There is no fee involved.

To obtain the solicitation: • Go to www.fedconnect.net.

• Click on “Search Public Opportunities.”

• Under Search Criteria, select “Reference Number.”

• For assistance, visit www. blm.gov or contact either Eric Pagal at 202-591-5079 or epagal@ blm.gov or Ken Lund at 202-9127034 or klund@blm.gov. They can assist with general questions and/or coordinate a meeting for you with a local Bureau of Land Management contracting officer and small business specialist.

2014, which exceeds by more than 22,500 the number determined by the Bureau of Land Management to be the appropriate management level.

The Bureau of Land Management also is using population growth-suppression measures, and is supporting research to improve existing and develop new population growth-suppression tools.

For general questions about the Bureau of Land Management’s Wild Horse and Burro Program, contact 866-468-7826 or wildhorse@blm.gov.

Under the authority of the 1971 Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act, as amended, the Bureau of Land Management manages and protects wild horses and burros while working to ensure that population levels are in balance with other public rangeland resources and uses.

The current free-roaming population of bureau-managed wild horses and burros is estimated to be 49,209 as of March 1,

The Land & Livestock Post

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March 2015 — Issue 2

$190-$225.

Slaughter bulls: $127-$142.

Slaughter cows: $93-$124.

Bred cows: $1,400-$2,500.

Slaughter cows: $95-$126.

Bred cows: $1,000-$2,550.

Cow/calf pairs: $1,850-$3,450.

Navasota

Jordan Results of the Jordan Cattle Auction’s Feb. 17 sale: Head: 1,102 Steers: 200-300 lbs., $330$380; 300-400 lbs., $300$347.50; 400-500 lbs., $280-$350; 500-600 lbs., $245-$292.50; 600-700 lbs., $220-$257.50; 700-800 lbs, $207-$220.

Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $300$410; 300-400 lbs., $300$350; 400-500 lbs., $238$272.50; 500-600 lbs., $210-$272.50; 600-700 lbs., $200-$231; 700-800 lbs., $190-$216.

Slaughter bulls: $123-$147.

5 $19.9

sues s I 4 2

Results of the Navasota Livestock Auction Co.’s Feb. 21 sale: Head: 875 Steers: 150-300 lbs., $225$530; 300-400 lbs., $225$390; 400-500 lbs., $185$342.50; 500-600 lbs., $175-$285; 600-700 lbs., $170-$250.

Heifers: 150-300 lbs., $195$440; 300-400 lbs., $185$330; 400-500 lbs., $185$282.50; 500-600 lbs., $175-$257.50; 600-700 lbs., $170-$230.

Slaughter bulls: $100-$149.

Slaughter cows: $75-$122.

Stocker cows: $1,300-$2,050.

Cow/calf pairs: $1,300-$2,000.

—Special to The Post

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9

News Silage trials show forage type, variety key to yield and quality

By Kay LedBetter Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

AMARILLO — Ongoing Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service sorghum silage trials have revealed forage type and variety are key considerations to optimizing both quantity and quality, according to two specialists.

Jourdan Bell, AgriLife Extension agronomist in Amarillo, said the 2014 trials in Potter County under center pivot irrigation evaluated 90 forage sorghum silage varieties for optimal yield and quality.

Bell said because silage is in high demand by both feedyards and dairies in the High Plains, she and Ted McCollum, AgriLife Extension beef cattle specialist of Amarillo, are taking a closer look at what makes a difference in production outcomes, especially on sorghum silage.

“In many areas with declining well capacities, sorghum silages are a great alternative to corn silage,” Bell said. “Producers can achieve very good sorghum silage yields with about half the irrigation water requirement of corn silages.”

But, she said, not all sorghum silage varieties are created alike.

There is great variability in yield and quality between varieties, which is why the AgriLife Extension variety trials are used by many producers as they make their variety selections.

“Variety selection is really key to achieving optimum yield and quality,” she said. “It is important to evaluate the different sorghums used for forage and silag e production. When we discuss types, there are forage sorghums, sudangrasses and sorghum-sudangrasses.”

In these different types, Bell said, there are normal or conventional varieties, brown midrib varieties that have decreased lignin and increased digestibility, and several different maturity classes, including photoperiodsensitive varieties.

The initiation of reproduction

10

by the photoperiod-sensitive varieties is regulated by day length, McCollum said. Reproductive activity will not begin until day length is less than 12.3 to 12.5 hours. In the High Plains, this is about mid-September. As a result, these varieties will not flower until mid-October, if weather permits.

Bell said the 2014 trials included 44 non-brown midrib varieties and 46 brown midrib varieties. Of the entries, 15 were photoperiod sensitive. She said varietal selection showed up during the trials as the key to achieving optimum yield and quality.

“We saw a wide range in yields among the varieties,” she said.

“Our maximum yield was 39.8 tons per acre at 65 percent moisture, while the lowest yielding variety was 11.3 tons per acre at 65 percent moisture. The trial average was 21.7 tons per acre at 65 percent moisture. We had some very good yielding varieties.”

However, Bell said, 2014 growing conditions significantly affected yields. While 8.5 inches of irrigation was applied, the plots received 9.2 inches of in-season precipitation.

“In addition to very timely inseason precipitation that greatly enhanced crop production, we received 5.3 inches of precipitation in May and June prior to planting, which provided very good stored soil moisture,” she said.

Bell said there were also significant differences in quality between varieties.

“We evaluated crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, lignin, starch, neutral detergent fiber digestibility and relative feed quality,” she said. “In general, the brown midrib varieties had the greatest digestibility and crude protein values, while the photoperiodsensitive varieties tended to be lower quality and the others in between.”

Bell said because the photoperiod-sensitive varieties remain in the vegetative stage of development longer, average yields

Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service photo

Producers hear from Jourdan Bell, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service agronomist, during an August field day. were greatest; however, lignin was greater and digestibility was lower, which is reflected in lower relative feed quality scores.

McCollum said in the 2014 trials, as in previous years, there was a great deal of overlap in quality among these different genetic types, “so comparing actual trial data for specific varieties is a better selection approach than simply using genetic type.”

“Selection of a silage variety should first consider where the silage will be placed in the nutritional management program of the end user,” he said. “Some production systems need higher feed quality and yield may be a secondary consideration, while other systems may be less focused on feed quality and yield may be a greater consideration.

“One variety or type does not necessarily fit all, especially when we reframe the thought process and include the water needs and irrigation capabilities in the discussion rather than

just focusing on the end use of the silage,” McCollum said. “The diverse types and varieties give a producer and an end user the capability of fitting a variety to their capabilities and needs.”

Harvest timing is also very important with regards to silage quality, Bell said. The ideal harvest time optimizes both quantity and quality of the forage, but with silage, “we also must consider harvest moisture, which affects the packing of the silage

March 2015 — Issue 2

and silage quality.”

In this trial, all varieties were harvested at or near the soft dough stage.

“Harvest timing is critical if an end user is relying on grain production in the silage crop,” McCollum said. “If harvest is delayed beyond soft dough, digestibility of the starch in the sorghum berries declines severely.

It is best to err on the early side of harvest rather than the late side.”

3390 Winbrook Dr. Memphis, TN 38116

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News

Photo courtesy of The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation There are many factors to consider to help decide whether to topdress and, if so, how much nitrogen to apply.

Economics, residual nitrogen drive topdressing decisions

By James Locke The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation

Adequate nitrogen is necessary for optimizing winter pasture production. One consideration for providing adequate nitrogen is to maximize nitrogen use efficiency.

One way to improve nitrogen use efficiency is to apply nitrogen during the late winter as a topdress application.

The reasons for improved ni-

trogen use efficiency from late winter applications are that our primary winter pasture species (wheat, rye, triticale and ryegrass) make the majority of their growth during the spring phase, growing conditions are usually favorable and plant root systems are well established and able to take up the nitrogen. In addition, the time is less between nitrogen application and uptake for leaching or denitrification to occur or

See NITROGEN, Page 21

The Land & Livestock Post

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March 2015 — Issue 2

11

News

Expanding the ranch

Reduce risks by negotiating win-win grazing leases

By RoBeRt FeaRs Special to The Post

C

attlemen commonly manage leased grazingland in addition to the acres they own. Leased land helps expand ranch operations and can provide more flexibility in pasture rotation.

Lease opportunities come from heirs who have no interest in ranching and senior citizens who no longer are able to operate their ranches.

Leasing can help these people keep their ranches intact and to maintain their agricultural land appraisals required for lower property taxes.

Leasing risks to the property are reduced by understanding the production capabilities of the land and negotiating a lease that is fair to both parties.

Sources to search for leases are estate managers, banking institutions and known absentee land owners.

Additional grazing lease opportunities may be wildlife ranches that need cattle to harvest grass for enhanced forb and browse production.

Diebel Cattle Company near Victoria manages approximately 15,000 acres of both leased and owned grazingland. The operation is a fifthgeneration livestock enterprise currently owned and managed by the Diebel family. Current enterprises are commercial cow-calf herds, an intensive stocker cattle program and a club calf operation.

The primary company focus is to manage all ranch resources (leased and owned) for future generations.

Stephen Diebel provided the follow-

12

Photos by Robert Fears

When considering leasing land, ensure there is enough water available for the livestock you plan to graze on the property. Doing due diligence before entering into a lease agreement can prevent problems later on.

On the cover: Some grazing lease fees are based on calving percentages.

ing advice on how to reduce risks by negotiating win-win grazing leases.

Locating the right property “Your reputation precedes you,”

Diebel said. “If your historical resource management record is good, you have a better chance of leasing than if you are known to over-graze and abuse land.

See LEASE, Page 15

“You need to bring good manage-

March 2015 — Issue 2

ment skills to the negotiations. A grazing lease should stabilize your existing operation by increasing the size. It should not be used to compensate for poor management.”

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The Land & Livestock Post

The Land & Livestock Post

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March 2015 — Issue 2

13

News

CALDWELL LIVESTOCK COMMISSION

REGULAR SALE EVERY

WEDNESDAY, 1:00 PM

Carl Herrmann (979)820-5349 Hwy 36 South, P.O. Box 542, Caldwell, TX 77836 Sale Barn Phone: (979) 567-4119

14

March 2015 — Issue 2

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The Land & Livestock Post

News Lease, from Page 12 pensate for poor management.”

Don’t set yourself up to fail. Before negotiating a lease, look at the land. Make an initial evaluation of its current condition and determine a suitable stocking rate. Calculate your upper threshold for lease cost based on available forage. An acceptable lease price should reflect your desired profit per animal unit.

“Look at the neighbor’s property to learn how it is managed,” Diebel said.

“Are their fences in good shape?

Are their bulls likely to breed your cows? Survey their livestock handling facilities. Will it be possible to use their corrals and loading chutes, if they don’t exist on the property subject to lease?”

Another consideration is whether someone lives on the property for lease. Residents act as a deterrent to livestock and equipment theft. Does someone live on the property who is available to feed the cattle when necessary, ensure that watering systems are working properly, and perform other maintenance tasks?

These services will increase the lease cost, but they also will contribute to cattle welfare and reduce labor requirements of the lessee.

Photo by Robert Fears

Negotiating the lease

Make sure the lease agreement stipulates who pays for brush control. Spelling out what is expected of the lessor and what is the responsibility of the lessee can prevent misunderstandings during the life of the lease.

“Complete communication between the lessor and lessee are essential to developing a workable agreement,” Diebel said.

“If you are a low-input operator and feed very little supplement, convey this fact to the landowner. Let him or her know that you depend on pasture forage as your primary source of animal nutrition. This information enforces your emphasis on land stewardship.”

Be cooperative and willing to agree with some of the lessor’s stipulations. You may have to start with a less-than-ideal lease agreement and hope to improve it in subse-

quent years as trust is built between the two parties. Elements of a good lease include a listing of who will be involved, duration of the agreement, and clearly defined land management goals.

The lease should state who is responsible for construction and maintenance of corrals, fences and watering systems, as well as brush control and other pasture improvements. Determine who has priority to the ranch and what will be the interaction between the landowners, hunters, and grazing lessee. A good lease also has a termination clause.

Important financial decisions to

The Land & Livestock Post



March 2015 — Issue 2

list in the lease include fees and payment schedule. Fees can be assessed in several ways and each assessment method has advantages and disadvantages to the lessor and lessee.

“A common method of pricing grazing leases is dollars per acre,” Diebel said. “This type lease is usually long-term and requires no involvement from the lessor. The lessee totally is responsible for management of the land and cattle.

“Calculation of lease price is simplified in a dollar per acre arrangement with known revenue to the lessor and known cost to the lessee.

The disadvantage of this method is

that it can encourage over-grazing.”

Land stewardship becomes more important to the lessee when the lease price is a dollar amount per head per animal unit month or AUM. One AUM is the amount of forage required by an animal unit for one month. An animal unit is defined as a mature 1,000 pound cow with a nursing calf. Dollar-per-AUM leases are usually short-term and favor highly liquid livestock enterprises such as stockers or replacement heifer development. They allow flexibility in stocking rates and less risk in producing enough profit

See RESPONSIBILITY, Page 16

15

News Responsibilities, from Page 15 to pay the lease.

“Good management can be emphasized by basing lease price on percent calf crop,” Diebel said.

“In this type of lease the lessor has an investment in the cattle. Both parties share risk, responsibility, profits and losses. Management involvement by the lessor varies.

When the lessor makes significant management contributions, the lessee has more time to manage other operations.”

Liability of each party needs to be clearly defined in a lease agreement. Who is responsible if a family member or guest of the lessor walks into a pasture and is injured by your bull?

“What if condition of the facilities is degraded by either the lessor or lessee? Who has the obligation to restore them to their previous state?

“These are just some of the liability questions that need to be addressed in a grazingland lease.

“Stewardship should be a primary goal in management of leased land as well as owned,” Diebel said.

“There is a financial reward for managing land correctly and it gives you pride in your ‘brand.’

“From a landowner’s perspective, a good tenant can increase the land value. Good land stewardship is a win-win situation for both the lessee and lessor.”

Photo by Robert Fears

Check to see if someone is living on or near the property who is available to feed the cattle when necessary.

2014 farm bill discussed in-depth at recent Austin Ag Forum

By Blair Fannin Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

AUSTIN — Industry leaders representing Texas’ major commodities, joined by Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service and university experts, discussed and evaluated in detail the 2014 farm bill at the recent 2015 Ag Forum in Austin recently.

The event marked 30 years of an open forum to discuss issues

16

affecting agriculture.

“This event is the brainchild of (former U.S. Rep.) Charlie Stenholm,” said Bill Dugas, acting dean and vice chancellor of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Texas A&M University.

Stenholm, who spoke at the forum, told the audience agriculture “is extremely fortunate” to have U.S. Rep. Mike Conaway, R-Texas, as chairman of the U.S.

House Committee on Agriculture, praising his efforts for agriculture in the southwest and U.S. as a whole. Conaway was also in attendance at the forum and addressed attendees.

Stenholm said the U.S. budget and the $18 trillion debt will continue to be an issue for agriculture.

“There will be a budget,” he said. “It’s inexcusable not to have a budget. President Obama sub-

mitted his budget on time, and it is not a bad budget for a President’s budget.”

He stressed the importance of American farmers, and that 150,000 farmers provide 70 percent of what is produced.

Conaway said budget discussion will include the farm program and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, known as SNAP. He said $76 billion a year is

March 2015 — Issue 2



spent on the (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) program, the biggest segment of the farm program, and “we ought to get that right to review the program.

“We need a better sense of how it is working. We want to find out what’s working and what isn’t.”

Meanwhile, presenters analyzed the farm bill and its im-

See FORUM, Page 23

The Land & Livestock Post

News Dietary changes needed for early lactation beef cows

By Glenn Selk Oklahoma State University Emeritus Extension animal scientist

Beef cow owners have known for years that body condition at calving time is a critical determinant in the re-breeding performance of the cows during the next breeding season.

Another key factor that impacts return to estrus cycles and re-breeding is the maintenance or loss of body condition after calving and before breeding.

Cows losing body condition after calving and before the breeding season will be slower to return to heat cycles and rebreed at a lower rate. Therefore it is necessary that the cow manager understand the change in nutrient requirements of beef cows as

they change from gestating cows to early lactation cows.

Using an example of a 1,200-pound cow in late gestation, one can examine the nutrient increases as she delivers the calf and starts to lactate. Look in the Oklahoma State University Extension Circular E-974 Nutrient Requirements for Beef Cattle.

A 1,200-pound, late-estation cow requires 1.9 pounds of crude protein daily and 12.9 pounds of total digestible nutrients. She can consume voluntarily 24 pounds of dry matter feed/day.

The same cow after calving will weigh at least 100 pounds less (birth weight of calf, placenta, and fluid loss). An 1,100-pound cow in early lactation requires 2.9

See DIET, Page 21

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The Land & Livestock Post



March 2015 — Issue 2

17

News

Saturday, April 11, 2015 • Noon

Groesbeck Auction & Livestock Co., Groesbeck, TX (Located 2 miles east of Groesbeck on Hwy. 164)

Photo Courtesy of The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation

Sale cattle listings available online Thursday, April 2 @

Collecting and analyzing data is important for stocker producers.

www.johnsoncattlemarketing.com

Data analysis provides value

By Ryan ReuteR The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation

During the course of conducting grazing research at The Noble Foundation, we routinely receive and “straighten out” stocker cattle.

1,400 HEAD

Many of these cattle are sourced from sale barns and would be considered to be at high risk for contracting bovine respiratory disease, also known as shipping fever.

In the fall of 2006 and 2007, we

of Quality Replacement Females including Pairs, Bred Cows, Bred & Open Heifers.

Certified F1s, True F1s, Brangus, Hereford, Brahman and other premium quality replacements.

See DATA, Page 19

This is a very choice set of replacement cattle consigned by leading commmercial ranches throughout Texas.

Cattle will be palpated and sold in uniformly sorted groups to fit any cattleman’s needs.

SUPPORTING THE YOUTH OF ROBERTSON COUNTY FOR 50 YEARS! COME ENJOY THE 50TH ANNUAL ROBERTSON COUNTY FAIR

MARCH 21-30, 2015 R.C.F.A. Commercial Heifer Sale Saturday, March 28, 2015 at 10:00 a.m.

Robertson Co. Fairgrounds 12185 Fair Ground Rd. Hearne, Texas For more information: Contact Bobby Corn 979-229-6250 R.C.F.A. Premium Market Sale Monday, March 30, 2015 at 6:00 p.m.

Robertson Co. Fairgrounds 12185 Fair Ground Rd. Hearne, Texas For information on how to become a Buyer: Contact Sharon Elliott 979-777-6400

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J

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OHNSO CATTLE MARKETING Tom Johnson

440 FM 246 • Wortham, TX 76693 903-599-2403 •Mobile 817-291-5121

March 2015 — Issue 2

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The Land & Livestock Post

News Data, from Page 18 received 858 such cattle from sale barns in Oklahoma and Texas and tracked their performance and cost on an individual animal basis through our receiving program. These cattle averaged 444 pounds when we received them.

Their frames were medium and large with number 1 and number 2 muscle score, and they were predominantly black- or grey-hided. Fifty-one percent of the cattle were bulls when we received them, with the remainder being steers. Nineteen percent of the cattle required dehorning.

We received them over approximately three to four weeks in each year and put them through a standard receiving protocol. The processing protocol included vaccines, implants, body weights, dehorning, etc. We castrated all the bulls, a portion of them by traditional surgical castration and the rest by banding. We also gave all the cattle an injectable anti-

TEXAS TOUGH + BRAND BERMUDAGRASS America’s Number One Seeded Forage Bermudagrass!

biotic, half getting Micotil and half getting Excede. Following processing, we housed the cattle in a grass trap for approximately 42 days and gave them access to round bales of rye hay and four pounds per day of a pelleted feed.

We checked the cattle every day and treated sick animals as they were identified.

We discovered several interesting trends in our data set: • Bulls that were banded gained less than steers (0.44 pounds per day difference), but bulls that were surgically castrated performed similarly to steers.

• Steers that required dehorning gained 0.15 pounds per day less than cattle with no horns.

• There was no gain difference between the two antibiotics.

Some other observations: • In 2006, cattle performance dramatically was better than in 2007; but the cattle in 2007 would have made more profit because

See STOCKER, Page 20

The Land & Livestock Post



903-597-6637 800-888-1371 www.easttexasseedcompany.com seeds@easttexasseedcompany.com

SEEDED BERMUDAGRASS STUDY ANNUAL DRY MATTER FORAGE YIELDS 2011, 2012, & 2013 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY STARKVILLE, MISSISSIPPI

Number one yielding seeded bermudagrass in production trials at TAMU Agrilife Extension & Research Center, Overton, TX and Mississippi State University.

Lower planting rate (10# per acre) due to being pure seed and not coated.

Variety

Total Yield

Harvest Date LB / ACRE

LB / ACRE

LB / ACRE

3 YEAR

2011

2012

2013

AVG

RANK

Texas Tough +

4,646

11,488

7,618

7,917

1

Sungrazer +

3,516

11,281

6,599

7,132

2

Economically priced to avoid the high cost and risk of sprigging hybrid-bermudagrass pastures and beefing up existing bermudagrass pastures.

Buckaroo

3,979

10,881

6,428

7,096

3

Cowboy

3,426

10,054

7,301

6,927

4

15% higher yield (four year average) than Coastal Bermudagrass.

Planted in twenty states surpassing 500,000 acres since 1994.

Hay show winner with quality at 22.5% digestible crude protein.

Virtually disease free, drought tolerant and easy to establish.

Stands stay productive year after year.

Ranchero Frio

3,051

10,374

7,013

6,713

5

Numex Sahara

3,201

10,293

6,772

6,755

6

Amarillo King

3,586

9,873

6,561

6,673

7

Laredo

3,410

9,975

6,654

6,680

8

Highlander

2,379

10,880

6,159

6,473

9

Mohawk

3,163

9,739

6,321

6,408

10

Cheyenne II

3,612

9,334

5,941

6,295

11

Rancher

2,830

9,740

6,085

6,218

12

Planting Date: 6/4/11 (Replanted 7/13/11) 10 lbs (P.L.S.) Planting Rate, LSD (0.05) Commercially available varieties only included in these results.

I first planted Texas Tough + Bermudagrass in the Spring of 2009 for grazing and baling. My Texas Tough + has been free of disease with no loss of stands. My yields have remained consistent with no loss in production even through our drought of the last four years. It establishes fast with excellent forage quality and much finer stems than Coastal Bermudagrass. It has increased my grazing time from 90 days on native grasses to 150 days on my Texas Tough stands. I plan on planting more in 2015.

Denny Chaney- Bertram, TX

March 2015 — Issue 2

19

News Data, from Page 18 received 858 such cattle from sale barns in Oklahoma and Texas and tracked their performance and cost on an individual animal basis through our receiving program. These cattle averaged 444 pounds when we received them.

Their frames were medium and large with number 1 and number 2 muscle score, and they were predominantly black- or grey-hided. Fifty-one percent of the cattle were bulls when we received them, with the remainder being steers. Nineteen percent of the cattle required dehorning.

We received them over approximately three to four weeks in each year and put them through a standard receiving protocol. The processing protocol included vaccines, implants, body weights, dehorning, etc. We castrated all the bulls, a portion of them by traditional surgical castration and the rest by banding. We also gave all the cattle an injectable anti-

biotic, half getting Micotil and half getting Excede. Following processing, we housed the cattle in a grass trap for approximately 42 days and gave them access to round bales of rye hay and four pounds per day of a pelleted feed.

We checked the cattle every day and treated sick animals as they were identified.

We discovered several interesting trends in our data set: • Bulls that were banded gained less than steers (0.44 pounds per day difference), but bulls that were surgically castrated performed similarly to steers.

• Steers that required dehorning gained 0.15 pounds per day less than cattle with no horns.

• There was no gain difference between the two antibiotics.

Some other observations: • In 2006, cattle performance dramatically was better than in 2007; but the cattle in 2007 would have made more profit because

See STOCKER, Page 20

The Land & Livestock Post



LO&OK SAVE Present this Coupon to

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March 2015 — Issue 2

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News Nitrogen, from Page 11 for it to be captured by weeds.

Following are a couple of considerations to help decide whether to topdress and, if so, how much nitrogen to apply.

First, what are the potential economic returns from topdressing nitrogen? Remember that nitrogen is only one cost contributor, but it is the only one we will discuss here.

For graze-out systems with stocker calves, compare the value of the potential additional gain with the cost of the nitrogen fertilizer. A couple of very general rules of thumb are one pound of nitrogen will produce about 16 additional pounds of usable, high quality dry matter forage, and it requires about eight pounds of that forage to produce a pound of gain.

Using these general rules, for each pound of nitrogen, we expect to produce enough usable forage to produce approximately two pounds of gain. At the time of writing, nitrogen cost is approximately 60 cents per pound ($550 per ton urea) and estimated value of gain for the spring turn is approximately $1.50 per pound (beefbasis.com). If nitrogen costs 60 cents per pound, and the anticipated value of two pounds of gain is $3, the marginal return would be $2.40 per pound of nitrogen fertilizer applied.

Second, how much nitrogen was applied in the fall and how much residual nitrogen is present? This will help in estimating how much nitrogen is potentially still there and available for the current winter pasture crop. In situations where substantial rainfall occurred or irrigation was applied, nitrogen may have been leached from the root zone or lost to denitrification.

Diet, from Page 17 pounds of protein each day. That is a 52 percent increase in protein needs. Her energy requirements go up substantially as well. She needs 16.8 pounds of total digestible nutrients each day (if she is an average milking beef cow).

This represents a 30 percent in-

Grazing during the fall phase also removes nitrogen from the system. Another general rule of thumb is approximately 30 pounds of nitrogen are removed per acre for every 100 pounds of beef produced. Remember though, as previously indicated, it requires approximately 50 pounds of nitrogen per acre to produce the required forage to make 100 pounds of beef. This can give a rough idea of how much nitrogen was removed during the fall grazing phase.

For example, if total gain was 150 pounds per acre during the fall phase, we can estimate approximately 45 pounds per acre of our fall nitrogen was removed from the system. However, the most accurate way to get a good estimate of available nitrogen is to collect soil samples in late January or early February. To account for all available nitrogen, collect samples as deep as the winter pasture roots will likely penetrate. When collecting subsoil samples, make sure to collect in the depth increments recommended by the laboratory.

It is important to note that, as nitrogen rates go up, the response to each additional pound of nitrogen is less. In the Southern Great Plains, 120 to 150 pounds of available actual nitrogen per acre is usually all most winter pasture crops economically can utilize.

Many other factors, such as weather, winter pasture species, variety, soil type, weed and disease pressure, etc., contribute to the decision about topdressing nitrogen.

While all these factors must be considered, evaluating potential economic return and taking credit for residual nitrogen are two of the most important considerations in making wise topdressing decisions. crease in energy intake per day.

Her daily dry matter intake also increases from 24 to 29 pounds, but this represents only a 20 percent increase.

It is very clear that the cow voluntarily will consume a small increase in dry matter, however her needs in protein and energy both increase in larger percentages.

The Land & Livestock Post

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March 2015 — Issue 2

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News Forum, from Page 16 pacts evaluated on commodities.

Joe Outlaw, co-director of the Agricultural and Food Policy Center at Texas A&M University and AgriLife Extension economist, said it is important that farmers update their yields if the update would result in a higher yield.

On base reallocation, he said farmers will need to decide “if they want to have a government safety net tied to their previous base acres that were established in the mid-1980s, or to what they are planting now.”

Judith Canales, Texas state executive director for the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Farm Service Agency, said the livestock program was the first effort to be deployed as part of the 2014 farm bill and has surpassed $700 million in payments.

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March 2015 — Issue 2

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March 2015 — Issue 2



The Land & Livestock Post