Land and Livestock Post

October October2016 2016——Issue Issue11

Annual Bull Issue

Do your homework

Selecting the right herd bull PAGE 18

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October 2016 — Issue 1

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The Land & Livestock Post

Bull Issue

Charolais Bulls. Ready for Service.

From the General Manager

W

hen I graduated high school, I was upgraded from my ‘83 Chevrolet pickup to my dad’s ‘89 Ford Ranger. The gas gauge did not work in the Ranger. My dad had bought the truck new, and I don’t think the gas gauge ever worked.

For some reason, this never bothered my father.

JESSE WRIGHT “Just reset the tripometer every time you fill up, and you can go about 300 miles and then you fill up again.

It’s not that complicated,” he said.

And he was right, it wasn’t that complicated. But, being a

college kid, I didn’t always put a full tank of gas in my truck.

Also, I was a liberal arts major, so math was not my strongest suit. I’d be driving down the road trying to do the math in my head as to how far I could get on $3.27, and end up coming to a sputtering stop before I came up with the solution.

Good thing is, I always found out exactly how far I could go, bad thing is I found out after I’d run the tank dry.

I ran out of gas in that truck a lot. These were the days before cell phones, so it led to some adventures.

One time, I had been at a party and was following someone to another party. I felt that

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October 2016 — Issue 1

www.circlexbrangus.com 3

Annual Bull Issue Trich: It’s been diagnosed in my herd, now what do I do?

By Dr. BuD Dinges Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences

I

f you want to get people’s attention, hit them where it counts, in their bank account. Trich (Tritrichomonas foetus), a venereal disease in cattle, costs Texas cow-calf producers an estimated $100 million in lost revenue annually. This figure takes into account only the income lost from decreased calving percentages and decreased weaning weights. It does not account for the cost to eliminate it from your herd (veterinary costs, lab fees, labor, and bull/cow replacement).

It is estimated that 20 percent of the 150,000 beef herds

Vet’s Voice

in Texas have some degree of trich infection in any given year. This decrease in revenue and the prevalence of the disease led concerned producer groups to approach the Texas Animal Health Commission about developing a trich control program.

That was the fall of 2008 and by the spring of 2009, the control program was in place.

Today, Texas is one of 29 states that has intrastate and/or inter-

state trich regulations in place.

They were developed with the help of a working group comprised of producers, livestock market operators, laboratory representatives and veterinarians and both private practitioners and educators. This group meets annually to evaluate the program and makes suggestions for improvements to the Texas Animal Health Commission.

So you’ve had trich diagnosed in your herd? How was it diagnosed? An infected bull? An aborted fetus? Perhaps your neighbor’s herd was discovered to be infected? (It’s now in the Texas Animal Health Commission’s regulations to test fenceline adjacent herds to a positive herd.)

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Bulls are considered to be the silent carrier (no clinical signs), so let’s look at the cows. They may have exhibited signs that led you to test your bulls. If you have a controlled breeding season (fewer than 120 days), you may have a large number of

open cows at palpation (can be as high as 45 percent to 60 percent). Early embryonic deaths, abortions, fetal macerations (disintegration of the fetus in the uterus after death), and pyo-

See TRICH, Page 5

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October 2016 — Issue 1

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The Land & Livestock Post

Bull Issue Trich, from Page 4 metras (uterine infections) are just a few of the outcomes that are associated with the disease.

If you have an extended breeding season — greater than 120 days — you may witness a large number of cows returning to estrus (heat), or you may have a large number of cows that are “short bred� upon palpation. The cows may have had time to clear the infection, return to estrus and become pregnant.

Perhaps you submitted an aborted fetus to the diagnostic lab and trich was reported to be the cause of the abortion. No matter if it was diagnosed in the bulls or the cows, it will be reported to the Texas Animal Health Commission.

Unfortunately, there is not an easy or inexpensive way to eliminate trich from your herd.

There is no approved method of treatment. Testing and removal of infected bulls is mandatory.

The Texas Animal Health Commission will permit the infected bulls to be sold for slaughter and place a hold order on the remainder of the bull herd. To satisfy regulations and be released from the hold order, each bull found to be negative on the first round of testing will need to have one more negative Real Time - Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test or two more negative cultures. The RT-PCR test detects DNA from the organism where a culture detects the organism itself (with the aid of a microscope). The RT-PCR usually is run on a positive culture to confirm that it is the T. foetus trichomonad verses the fecal origin trichomonad that sometimes can contaminate the

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Bull Issue Vet, from Page 5 prepuce.

The T. foetus organism can be difficult to recover from the bull. A pipette (with attached syringe) is used to scrape/ aspirate the organism off the surface of the penis and the interior portion of the prepuce.

I recommend obtaining three samples (collected at a minimum on a weekly basis) from each bull remaining in the herd regardless of which test is run (culture or PCR). I have witnessed positive bulls being detected on the third sample (in infected herds).

To date, there are no regulations involving cows from infected herds. In order to eliminate trich from your herd in a timely fashion, the cows must be managed so that the nonproductive cows (open, short bred, and cows not delivering a live calf in the previous calving season) will be culled for slaughter, or managed separately. Keep in mind that if the infected cow does become pregnant, that most fetal losses occur within the first five months of gestation. This may be followed by a two month to six month period of infertility, as the cow’s immune system clears the infection from the reproductive tract.

Chronically infected cows have been shown to carry trich infections as long as 10 months (even up to 22 months).

A pregnant carrier state can take place (fewer than 1 percent of infected cows), a “Typhoid Mary” if you want to call it that.

A carrier can remain infected through a normal pregnancy.

The trich organism can be isolated from the cow for two to three months after delivering a normal calf and the cow can remain a source of infection in the herd.

There are numerous ways to handle the infected cow herd.

The one I’ll mention requires management of three different

6

groups, but, if you do it properly, trich can be eliminated from your herd in a timely fashion.

At palpation, sort the herd into three groups: cows bred five months and longer, cows bred less than five months, and cows that are open. Observe the heavier bred cows (five or more months) until the end of calving season. Cull any cow that aborts, or that does not deliver a live calf. Observe and/ or re-palpate the shorter bred cows (less than five months) at a later date. Cull the cows that don’t deliver a live calf, or don’t maintain a pregnancy beyond five months.

The group of open cows should be culled, or the ones with no palpable abnormalities of their reproductive tracts can be managed separately, allowed sexual rest, until next breeding season, five to six months in hopes of clearing any trich infection, and re-bred.

I’ve had clients breed older — seven years to eight years old — known trich-negative bulls to this group of cows. Thus, if the bull becomes infected, the producer is not having to cull the younger bull that could have been used for several more breeding seasons. I’d breed this group of cows for 60 to 90 days (120 days maximum). I’d palpate and manage this group as mentioned above, definitely keeping them separated for one or two more breeding/calving seasons, if at all possible.

I would continue to manage the entire herd as if you had a “trich positive herd” for the next several years. Shorten your breeding season to fewer than 120 days, continue annual surveillance testing of your bull herd, and pregnancy check your cow herd at weaning time.

I would test the bull herd after the breeding season, waiting a few weeks after removal from the cows. Test them again at some point prior to turning

See HEALTH, Page 8

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October 2016 — Issue 1

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Annual Bull Issue Health, from Page 6 them out the following breeding season. I would take advantage of pooling of samples at the diagnostic laboratory for the surveillance testing. Currently, this is allowed to count as an official test by the Texas Animal Health Commission. An individual sample is collected from each bull and submitted to the diagnostic laboratory where they then are pooled (up to five individual samples can be pooled in Texas for an official test) and tested using RT-PCR. This should provide the producer with significant cost savings (laboratory fees) without a significant reduction in the ability to detect trich.

I can’t stress enough how important individual animal identification is (in both the bull and cow herd) in managing a herd to eliminate a trich problem

I highly recommend a controlled breeding season of no more than 120 days. This will allow one more easily to monitor herd reproductive performance and reduce the opportunity for the transmission of trich within the herd.

Don’t buy or sell trich. Purchase replacement animals, preferably virgin heifers and bulls, from a reliable source.

If you must buy bred cows, make sure they are at least five months pregnant. I’d isolate them from the remainder of your herd until they deliver a live calf, remembering the carrier state.

I’d recommend having all newly purchased bulls, both those certified as virgins and ones previously tested with negative trich results, trich tested again by your veterinarian.

I’d have a breeding soundness exam done on them as well. You

and then working to prevent re-infection. I recommend two forms of ID in each animal, both linked to that particular animal. This will aid in your recordkeeping tremendously.

Keep track of when the bulls were turned out, picked up and the pastures used for each one.

Good fences make good neighbors! If your bulls/cows were comingled unexpectedly with your neighbors’ cows, or vice versa, isolate your cows for the remainder of the breeding season and until their pregnancy status can be established.

Make note of these cows and observe them through the calving season. Bulls should be isolated and trich tested, up to three times (no less than a week apart), Ask your neighbor if they have recently tested their bulls for trich, or if they have had trich in their herd at some point.

never know what might have taken place from the time they were tested and the time that you take possession of them.

This is for peace of mind and will give you a “baseline” so to speak as they are introduced into your herd.

As I mentioned before, there are no regulations on cows in regards to trich in the state of Texas. If your cows have been

exposed to a trich infected bull and you decide to sell them because they are open, or for some other reason, might I suggest that you sell them directly to slaughter, or designate them “for slaughter only” if you sell them through a livestock market. I realize it’s buyer beware!

I have touched briefly on

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October 2016 — Issue 1

Bulls

emales

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The Land & Livestock Post

Bull Issue Jesse, from Page 3 all-too-familiar stall and knew I was bout to run out of gas. I tried blinking my lights, but the person I was following didn’t see me, and went on, and I was stuck on the side of Texas 21 about 1 a.m.

There was a gas station about a mile or two down the road, so I rolled to a stop, turned on my hazards, and started walking.

When I got to the gas station, there were gas cans for sale, but they were $15. If I’d had $15, I wouldn’t have been in the situation I was in. So I bought a gallon of water, dumped it out, filled the jug with a dollar’s worth of gas, and set off again.

I had walked about a hundred yards, when a low-rider car — I’m talking chain steering wheel, spoke rims, loud bass bumping in the trunk, fuzzy dice hanging from the rear-view mirror, low-rider — pulled up next to me.

He offered me a ride. I was heistant, but it had been a long night. Besides, if he was going to rob me, he wasn’t going to get much. He was really nice, and saved me a long walk. He even waited to make sure my truck started, and then we parted ways. All in all, it was a good experience, all due to my fool-

ish optimism. Also, I really had never wanted to ride in a lowrider before then, but now I can say that I have.

These days, I have a truck with a working gas gauge, and I have much fewer adventures.

Looking back, I could have saved my self some trouble if I had sat down and done the math before taking off down the road. The same can be said about selecting a bull for your herd. If you take the time and do your research, you will end up with a better match, which will provide better returns on your investment. In our cover story we look at what you should consider when choosing a bull. This being the bull issue, we also have a few other articles about bulls and bull management as well as a lot more news and information from around the industry.

Hope you enjoy it, and as always, thanks for reading. ’Til next time,

• For more information about content or advertising,contact Jesse Wright at jesse.wright@theeagle.com.

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October 2016 — Issue 1

9

News Are all your replacement heifers ready for the fall breeding season?

By Glenn Selk Oklahoma State University

Fall-calving herds will be breeding replacement heifers in late November. Now is the time to make certain that those heifers are ready for the upcoming breeding season.

Immunize the heifers. Ask your large animal veterinarian about proper immunizations for yearling replacement heifers. Replacement heifers should be immunized for respiratory diseases such as IBR and BVD. Consider giving the heifers a modified live vaccine for longer lasting protection against these viruses.

The heifers should receive this vaccination at least one month before the start of the breeding season. This would also be a good time to include other reproductive disease protection that may be recommended by your vet.

If a set of scales is available, weigh the heifers. There is time to make adjustments to the supplementation being fed to the

heifers to ensure that they meet the target weight at the start of the breeding season. To be certain that a high percentage of heifers are cycling at the start of the breeding season, they must weigh a minimum of 60 percent of their mature weight.

If these heifers eventually will grow into 1,200-pound cows, then they must weigh 720 pounds at the beginning of the estrous synchronization and artificial insemination (or bull turn-out if natural breeding is used). Calculate the weight gain needed between now and the start of the breeding season to see if additional energy is required to achieve the desired weight gain.

Many small cow calf operations will not have scales available to monitor weight gain. The next best evaluation tool is to monitor body condition of the heifers. If all of the heifers are in a body condition score of 6 (based on the 1 to 9 BCS system) then they should meet the desired target weight.

Oak Creek Farms to host guest speakers Special to The Post

CHAPPELL HILL — Oak Creek Farms will host a variety of guest speakers at a seminar on Oct. 28. The seminar is in conjunction with its annual forage tested registered brangus bull sale.

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Pre-sale activities will begin at 2 p.m. with the viewing of bulls, followed at 6 p.m. by the seminar and a ribeye steak dinner sponsored by Zoetis.

For more information, call Oak Creek Farms at 979-836-6832, or email info@oakcreekfarms.com.

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October 2016 — Issue 1

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The Land & Livestock Post

Annual Bull Issue Keep vaccines from heat, cold, sunlight

By AdAm Russell Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

OVERTON — Ranchers should be aware that heat, cold and sunlight can affect the efficacy of vaccines during storage or handling, said a Texas A&M AgriLife Extension expert.

Jason Banta, AgriLife Extension beef specialist in Overton, recommends producers visit with a local large-animal veterinarian to develop a preventative herd health plan customized to their operation.

Vaccinations are a key component to preventative care in any producer’s herd health plan, he said. Proper handling of vaccination drugs is critical to maintaining the product’s efficacy.

Banta said it is important to keep vaccines at the storage conditions recommended on the product label, which is typically between 35-45 degrees Fahrenheit at all times, including while in transit and inoculating animals.

It is also important to keep vaccines out of the sunlight because ultraviolet rays also can affect

the efficacy of vaccines, Banta said.

Producers should take a cooler with cold packs to the veterinarian or feed and farm supply store when purchasing vaccines, he said.

“You should have something to keep them within that temperature range and out of the sun even for the drive home,” he said.

Producers should check the container for coolness upon arrival when ordering vaccines from pharmaceutical companies online, Banta said. Sometimes packages are delayed or not packed properly for the conditions during shipping.

If the container is not cool, contact the supplier and return the vaccine, he said.

Banta said producers, especially in the Panhandle, should be aware of cold weather when

handling vaccines and should take appropriate steps to prevent the vaccines from freezing.

“Freezing temperatures can be just as bad as warmer temperatures,” Banta said. “The key is keeping the vaccines within the recommended temperature threshold.”

Producers should take the same precautions when storing vaccines, he said.

Banta recommends storage inside the household refrigerator on a shelf that maintains temperatures within the prescribed range.

“A lot of people store their vaccines in a refrigerator in the garage, or shop or barn but most of the time those refrigerators are the old one that was replaced,” he said. “But even a new refrigera-

See VACCINES, Page 12

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October 2016 — Issue 1

11

Bull Issue Vaccines, from Page 11 tor can have trouble maintaining proper temperatures in some situations.”

The University of Arkansas conducted a study of refrigerators located at veterinary clinics, ranches and retail stores, Banta said. Temperature data loggers found that a large percentage of refrigerators did not maintain the recommended temperatures over a 48-hour period.

Banta said producers can place a small, inexpensive weather station that records minimum and maximum temperatures inside the household refrigerator to check its range of temperatures.

Producers should use the same precautions when inoculating animals in the field, Banta said.

“Make sure you have an ice chest to keep the vaccine cool and out of the sun,” he said. “Syringes need to be kept cool between uses as well. I recommend having a cooler in which to keep vaccine

bottles and one for the syringes.”

Banta recommends a do-ityourself design for keeping syringes cool between shots. Holes large enough for the tube portion of the syringe but small enough to keep it from falling in can be cut into the lid of a small bucket or cooler. The container then can be filled with cold packs.

“Remember to protect your vaccines at all stages to maximize their effectiveness,” Banta said.

“Damaged products won’t work like they are supposed to on animals, so handle them with care.”

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October 2016 — Issue 1

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October 2016 — Issue 1

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News

Combination food plots can attract deer year-round

By AdAm Russell Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

OVERTON — It’s time to plant food plots for white-tailed deer as hunting season approaches, said a Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service wildlife specialist.

Billy Higginbotham, AgriLife Extension wildlife specialist in Overton, has a food-plot combination proven to attract whitetails and keep them hooked through the hunting season and beyond.

The combination of winterhardy oats, iron and clay cowpeas and arrowleaf clover works well in any area that receives 35 inches or more of rainfall each year, specifically in East Texas, Higginbotham said. Cowpeas grow quickly when planted in September when moisture is

available. Sprouts are an immediate attractor for deer.

Higginbotham’s strategy is to establish numerous small plots edged by cover so deer will use them during legal hunting hours.

A great way to enhance plots is to provide a transition zone between the edge of the woods and the open food plots so deer feel comfortable moving through screening cover from the woods to the feeding area, Higginbotham said. Allow one or two disc-widths of native vegetation to grow between the food plot and the hard cover to provide secondary cover.

Also consider setting aside at least one acre for every 100 acres of habitat in cool season food plots as “sanctuary plots” that never are hunted, Higginbotham said.

The Land & Livestock Post

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Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service photo by Adam Russell

A plot of cowpeas is a good attractor for white-tailed deer. Combination fall plantings of cowpeas, oats and arrowleaf clover provide forage for deer through winter, spring and into summer.

“It’s good to rotate food plots each hunting season but I also recommend having a few food plots where deer can feed and are never pressured,” he said.

The cowpeas will be grazed out and/or die back at the first frost, but by then the oats will be established.

“Of all the small grains, deer prefer oats when given a choice,” Higginbotham said. “Be sure to select winter hardy oat varieties to plant because they will provide the bulk of the forage available from first frost until spring green-up.”

October 2016 — Issue 1

The arrowleaf clover will emerge in the spring and last until early June, he said. By then, spring-planted warm-season food plots should be established and able to carry deer through the summer.

To establish plots, shred and

disk the area to be planted, Higginbotham said. Consider applying glyophosate to kill vegetation a few weeks before plot preparation if there is heavy vegetation on the site.

See PLOTS, Page 22

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October 2016 — Issue 1

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The Land & Livestock Post

Texas families and recipes will be featured in a Texas Monthly print ad campaign with beef front- and-center.

The Land & Livestock Post

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October 2016 — Issue 1

TEXAS STORIES Putting a face to the hard-working cattlemen and cattlewomen raising the beef on consumers’ plates, the Beef Loving Texans’ Texas Stories bring a personal touch to the campaign. Look for familiar faces by visiting beeflovingtexans.com/texas-stories

17

Annual Bull Issue

Bullish on the herd

Do the homework in selecting a herd bull

By RoBeRt FeaRs Special to The Eagle

A

herd bull is an important investment because he will contribute 50 percent of the genetics in approximately 20 to 30 calves annually.

If the bull is bred to his daughters and granddaughters, his genetics contribute an even bigger influence on herd performance.

Due to significance of a sire’s genetic contributions, a producer should do his or her homework before selecting a new bull. The homework should involve an evaluation of the animal’s physical characteristics, a study of his expected progeny differences, a determination of whether he will do the job expected of him, and a calculation of whether the prospect will provide positive returns on the investment.

Methods of selecting a herd bull were discussed during a recent Texas A&M Beef Cattle Short Course by Rob Hogan, an associate professor and extension economist with Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, Most of the information in this article was taken from Hogan’s presentation.

Production considerations

Many, but not all, producers request fertility tests on bulls under consideration for purchase. They also look at available expected progeny difference data for genetic traits such as low birth weights, high weaning weights, high yearling weights, and good milking in daughters. Nearly every producer looks at physical confirmation of prospective herd sires. They are particularly interested in good feet and legs which allow bulls to seek cows in heat and then be able to breed them.

A bull’s legs should be straight and their feet should be sound without cork-

18

Photos by Robert Fears

Look at the prospective bull’s expected progeny difference data to determine his genetics.Producers should consider a number of factors when looking for a herd bull.

On the cover: When selecting a bull, first look at its conformation. screw hooves. Producers don’t want a determine whether the females have good, well-shaped udders. bull with feet that need to be trimmed repeatedly or cause him to go lame. A Other important factors producers bull should have a good straight back to might consider in the purchase of a give him the ability to continually breed bull include how the animal performs cows. If any of the prospective bull’s his job. Does he breed his 20 to 30 cows daughters are available, buyers should during the ranch’s normal rebreeding

October 2016 — Issue 1

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window? Does he breed more than 30 cows and if so, how many more? Does he breed fewer than 30 cows and, if so, how many fewer? This information can be obtained only on bulls that have been in service and will vary with the

See BULL, Page 19

The Land & Livestock Post

Bull Issue

Bull, from Page 18 bull’s age. Most seedstock producers guarantee satisfaction with bulls they sell, reducing the risk of inferior performance.

Another question that producers sometimes forget to ask about a prospective bull is, “What is his disposition?” Does he easily load in the trailer or in a reasonable manner? If he refuses to load, you might want to leave without him and look at other bulls. Is he good natured

and unexcitable? You don’t want him starting a fight with every bull he sees or digging big holes along the fence where your neighbors pasture their bulls. Does the bull travel from the ranch looking for other prospects or does he stay home and do his job?

Considerations

If you find the prospective bull to have good conformation, desired genetics, calm disposi-

See GENETICS, Page 20

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The Land & Livestock Post

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October 2016 — Issue 1

19

Bull Issue

FALL PRODUCTION SALE

Saturday, October 21st, 2016 • 12:00 Noon • at the Ranch

BULL OFFERING

65-2 YEAR-OLD HEREFORD BULLS 35-18 MONTH-OLD HEREFORD BULLS Photo by Robert Fears

Do your homework before attending a bull sale. Taking time to study available bulls will pay off in increased profits.

Genetics, from Page 19 tion and it is guaranteed that he will do his job, then it is time to determine if he will make you money. One way to estimate expected economic return on a bull is by calculating his cost per settled service. The cost of settled service is an expense that is deducted from the sales price of the calf; therefore a lower cost of service positively affects profit.

Assume a seedstock producer is asking $6,000 for a young bull that you are interested in purchasing. You are planning to use the bull for 3½ years and then sell him as a cull for $101 per hundred-weight. In 3½ years, the bull will weigh 1,800 pounds. The annual cost of the bull is his annual depreciation which is calculated as follows:

Salvage value $1,800 X $101 ÷ 100 $1818 Annual depreciation cost $6,000.00 – $1,818.00 ÷ 3.5 years $1194.86 Estimated annual maintenance costs of the bull are: $189 — Cost of grazing per animal unit per year $315 — 5.25 percent interest $153 — Normal wintering, vet, and health management charges $657.43 — Annual maintenance costs Based on the above assumptions, total annual cost of the bull would be: $1,194.86 + $657.43 = $1852.29 Cost per service can be calculated from the annual bull cost using several different scenarios as shown in Table 1. The

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See HERD, Page 21

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October 2016 — Issue 1

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The Land & Livestock Post

Bull Issue

Herd, from Page 20 data show that the lowest cost per service is achieved when 35 cows are bred with 100 percent conception. Cost per service might become less by adding more cows as long as conception rate isn’t reduced.

Calculations of bull price effects on cost per service helps a purchaser determine what he or she can afford to pay for a herd sire. These effects are shown in Table 2. Annual cost of a $6,000 bull, listed in Column 1, was calculated in the above paragraphs. Annual bull costs in Columns 2 thru 6 in Table 2 were calculated by dividing $400 (the difference in bull prices in adjacent columns) by 3.5 years of service which equals $114.29.

Then $114.29 was subtracted from the annual bull cost in the preceding column. For instance, $1,852.29 in Column 1 minus $114.29 equals $1,738 in Column 2, $1,738 minus $114.29 equals $1,623.71 in Column 3 and so on. It was assumed that maintenance costs were the same regardless of the bull’s purchase price.

Costs of service in Table 2 were derived by dividing 25 cows into each listed annual bull cost. Decreases in annual bull cost in each column were calculated by subtracting the annual bull cost in the respective column from the bull cost in Column 1. Service cost decreases were calculated in the

See COSTS, Page 22

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The Land & Livestock Post

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October 2016 — Issue 1

21

Bull Issue

Photo by Robert Fears

Do the math to determine if the bull will deliver a positive return to the bottom line.

Costs, from Page 21 same manner.

As would be expected, the data in Table 2 show that the less you pay for a bull, the less the cost of service. It is assumed, of course, the bull will adequately service 25 to 30 cows and deliver the desired genetics.

Development of data for your operation, as shown in Table 2, will provide price limitations and help avoid consideration of unaffordable bulls.

Costs of service are not the only way to determine affordably. Good production potential, indicated by expected progeny differences, may offer the opportunity for increased calf revenues which might make a more expensive bull feasible.

Plots, from Page 15 The plot should be in a natural opening that will provide enough sunlight for the forages but small enough to provide deer the security of nearby cover, Higginbotham said.

In a clean disked seedbed, broadcast the oats and peas at a seeding rate of 40 pounds per acre each and cover to a depth of 1 inch, he said.

22

Weaning weight is an important expected progeny difference for increasing calf revenue.

For instance, if weaned calves are selling for $150 per hundred-weight, then a 10 pound increase on 25 calves would increase revenue by $375.

Does your economic analysis show that you can’t afford a bull that will provide the desired herd genetics?

There is an alternative. Many studies are available with conclusive evidence that artificial insemination can be used to improve herd genetics at a lower cost than buying and maintaining a bull.

It is important to do the homework before purchasing a bull so that you know how much you can afford to spend.

“It is very difficult to disk lightly enough without burying these seeds too deep—a cardinal sin,” he said. “Consider devising a drag out of cattle panels or old tires so the seed can be covered to the correct depth.”

Cowpeas should be inoculated prior to planting. Be sure to purchase the appropriate inoculant when buying seed. Inoculation

See DEER, Page 31

October 2016 — Issue 1



The Land & Livestock Post

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October 2016 — Issue 1

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23

News LIVESTOCK MARKET REPORT Buffalo

Results of the Buffalo Livestock Commission’s Sept. 10 sale.

Head: 1,564 Steers: 150-200 lbs., $170$250; 200-300 lbs., $160-$217; 300-400 lbs., $150-$180; 400500 lbs., $135-160; 500-600 lbs., $120-$148; 600-700 lbs., $115-$138; 700-800 lbs., $105$121.

Heifers: 150-200 lbs., $145$190; 200-300 lbs., $140-$170; 300-400 lbs., $125-$155; 400-500 lbs., $115-$150; 500-600 lbs., $105-$140; 600700 lbs.,$100-$125; 700-800 lbs.,$95-$110.

Slaughter bulls: $80-$99.

Slaughter cows: $45-$75.

Bred cows: $1,000-$1,825.

Cow/calf pairs: $1,100$2,025.

Groesbeck

Results of the Groesbeck Auction and Livestock Company’s Sept. 15 sale.

Head: 559 Steers: 300-400 lbs., $155$180; 400-500 lbs., $140-$168; 500-600 lbs., $137-$163; 600700 lbs., $133-$140; 800-900 lbs., $87-$112.

Heifers: 300-400 lbs., $137$152; 400-500 lbs., $130-$146; 500-600 lbs., $120-$135; 600700 lbs., $115-$127.

Slaughter bulls: $87-$97.

Slaughter cows: $55-$77.

Bred cows: $900-$1,600.

Cow/calf pairs: $1,400$1,600.

Jordan

Results of the Jordan Cattle Auction’s Sept. 15 sale.

Head: 1,989 Steers: Under 200 lbs., $175$200; 200-300 lbs., $170-$185; 300-400 lbs., $160-$182.5; 400-500 lbs., $140-$167; 500600 lbs., $128-$152; 600-700 lbs., $120-$128; 700-800 lbs., $115-$122.

Heifers: Under 200 lbs., $138-$147.5; 200-300 lbs., $135-$145; 300-400 lbs., $128$142.5; 400-500 lbs., $120$133; 500-600 lbs., $115-$130; 600-700 lbs., $110-$120; 700800 lbs., $108-$114.

Slaughter bulls: $80-$87.

Slaughter cows: $50-$79.5.

Bred cows: $900-$1,400 Cow/calf pairs: $1,125-$1,800.

$5,350

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Navasota

Results of the Navasota Livestock Commission’s Sept. 10 sale.

Head: 1,339 Steers: 150-300 lbs., $120$220; 300-400 lbs., $115-$185; 400-500 lbs., $110-$180; 500600 lbs., $100-$128; 600-700 lbs., $100-$121.

Heifers: 150-300 lbs., $115$220; 300-400 lbs., $110$142.5; 400-500 lbs., $110$140; 500-600 lbs., $100-$150; 600-700 lbs., $100-$140.

Slaughter bulls: $75-$91.5.

Slaughter cows: $45-$73.5.

Bred cows: $800-$1,525.

Cow/calf pairs: $1,000$1,525.

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October 2016 — Issue 1

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The Land & Livestock Post

News Breeding soundness exams can prevent a financial wreck at the ranch

By Blair Fannin Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

The importance of a breeding soundness exam in herd bulls can prevent costly revenue losses, according to a Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service economist.

Stan Bevers, AgriLife Extension economist in Vernon, shared the data from a large New Mexico ranch recently during the 62nd Texas A&M Beef Cattle Short Course in College Station.

In his evaluation of the past 25 years of income and expenses on the ranch, veterinary services and breeding per herd accounted for 3.1 percent of total expenses, or $27.88 per breeding female.

But in 2003, disaster set in. Bevers said pregnancy rates in 2003 dropped 50 percent.

“The ranch wasn’t doing any breeding exams and it hit them hard, very hard,” Bevers said.

“The initial loss was $62,000 in calf sales. It also hurt their break-

See EXAMS, Page 27

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Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service photo Stan Bevers,TexasA&MAgriLife Extension Service economist in Vernon, discussed the importance of breeding soundness exams in herd bulls. Bevers announced he is retiring after 27 years with AgriLife Extension.

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The Land & Livestock Post

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October 2016 — Issue 1

M Crimson 3518B • #43715369 • 11/12/14 Sire: KCL Formal Attire 2042 ET Dam: MCC Ms Keynote Raftsman X514 BW +6.3 / WW +58 / YW +93 / MILK +19 REA +0.41 / MARB -0.07 Consigned by Mann Cattle Co. • Lubbock, Texas

West Star Domino 501C• #43629021 • 01/01/15 Sire: Churchill Sensation 028X [CHB,DLF,HYF,IEF] Dam: West Star Dame 301A BW -1.1 / WW +47 / YW +67 / MILK +34 REA +0.18 / MARB +0.37 Excellent heifer bull. ACT. BW: 60; ADJ. 205 DAY WT: 663; ADJ. 365 DAY WT: 1069 Consigned by West Star Ranch • Kenton, Oklahoma

MCC 394 Ribeye C636 ET • #43620548 • 04/06/15 Sire: NJW 98S R117 Ribeye 88X ET [CHB,DLF,HYF,IEF] Dam: MCC Ms Keynote Gold C394 ET BW +3.1 / WW +54 / YW +86 / MILK +35 REA +0.46 / MARB +0.16 Consigned by McInnis Cattle Co. • May, Texas

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October 2016 — Issue 1

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The Land & Livestock Post

News Exams, from Page 25 even costs.”

Bevers said breakeven costs were calculated by taking the expenses divided by the total pounds of production.

At the time pregnancy rates decreased, breakeven expenses increased from $1.19 per hundredweight to $1.75 per hundredweight.

The impact of the increase had significant repercussions later as the ranch looked to expand the herd.

“The board of directors purchased an additional 15,000 acres and wanted to stock it with replacement heifers,” Bevers said.

“By missing out on the $62,000 in calf sales, needless to say, this set them back at least two years.”

Ultimately, Bevers said six bulls out of the 26-bull battery were sterile.

A breeding soundness exam would have cost the ranch $1,560 versus losing $61,677 in calf sales.

“What this tells us is that it all begins with reproduction,” he said.

Bevers said cattle p roducers should view the expense of breeding soundness exams as purchasing an insurance policy.

“If she doesn’t get bred, nothing else matters. How much are you willing to assume, how much insurance can you afford to purchase?”

After Bevers’ presentation, he thanked the audience and told attendees he would be retiring after 27 years with AgriLife Extension.

“It’s been a pleasure to serve you all of these years and provide you with information to help your operations become more profitable,” he said.

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October 2016 — Issue 1

hudsonlivestock.com 27

News Fall Consignment Sale Saturday, October 8, 2016 • 12 NOON

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October 2016 — Issue 1

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October 2016 — Issue 1

29

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October 2016 — Issue 1

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Bull Issue Deer, from Page 22 results in nitrogen fixation by the plants and boosts production.

Arrowleaf clover seed would then be broadcast at 10 pounds per acre and lightly dragged in, Higginbotham said. Like the cowpeas, clover should be inoculated prior to broadcasting. There are pre-inoculated varieties of arrowleaf clover available.

Inoculants minimize nitrogen fertilizer needs at planting and again in late deer season. If the oat component of the combina-

Samples, from Page 8 elimination/control and prevention of trich in a beef cattle herd. There are other “tools” available for use and other methods of eliminating, controlling and preventing trich in your herd. As with any disease that may affect your herd, I sug-

tion shows signs of “yellowing” during late December or early January, however, top dress the plots with additional applications of nitrogen at 200 pounds per acre.

“The cowpea-oat-arrowleaf clover-combination has proved to provide early deer hunting opportunities for youth-only and archery seasons when established in early September,” Higginbotham said. “The combination then provides a constant supply of forage for deer into early summer.”

gest working closely with your veterinarian to develop a herd health plan that works the best for you and your operation.

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October 2016 — Issue 1

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The Land & Livestock Post