Land and Livestock Post

November November 20142014 — Issue — 1

Branding while the iron is hot — or not Marking your cattle is important in today’s climate PAGE 12

PRSRT STD US POSTAGE PAID BRYAN, TX 77802 PERMIT # 23

JAMES THOMPSON FOCUS ON FORAGE

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November 2014 — Issue 1

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The Land & Livestock Post

News

MARKETPLACE From the General Manager BRAHMAN BULLS/HEIFERS

M

y grandfather had an odd storage system.

All over his place there were tools, treasures and just plain junk, scattered around the bottoms of trees. Once while digging around at his place, I found an arrowhead near the base of a tree. Then I found another, and another and another until I was convinced that tree had been the last stand in some great battle. Turns out that tree was where he tossed all the broken or chipped arJESSE WRIGHT rowheads he found that were not worthy of the display cases inside.

Not far from the arrowhead burial grounds, I found another deposit of homemade tools, store-bought tools, pieces of pipe and an old branding iron.

I was pretty enamoured with the branding iron. It was a big “W,” and I wanted it. My dad wanted it too. I’m not sure if we asked if we could have it, or just

assumed it wouldn’t be noticed missing from my grandfather’s catalogue system, but that brand ended up going home with us.

For years that thing taunted me, crying out to be heated white hot to leave it’s mark on every surface in sight. But I resisted the urge, knowing it would be wrong, or more realistically, that I’d get in trouble for doing it. Then one day, I noticed a “W” burned into the deck in the backyard, then another one, then another one. I guess my dad wasn’t as worried about getting in trouble.

That is the only experience I’ve ever had with a branding iron. I can attest to the success of its use, however: no one ever stole that deck.

In our cover story, we look at the importance of branding your cattle, as well as new methods beside the hot iron.

We also have some news from around the industry as well as some of our regular features.

Hope you enjoy it, and as always, thanks for reading. ’Til next time,

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News Ranchers hear key forage factors in rebuilding beef herd

By Blair Fannin Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

FRANKLIN — Ranchers should be mindful of three important components of pasture health when considering restocking beef cattle, according to a Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service expert.

Larry Redmon, AgriLife Extension state forage specialist in College Station, said water, fertilizer and protection are important factors to growing and maintaining forages in pastures. Redmon was one of several featured speakers at the recent beef herd rebuilding symposium at Camp Cooley Ranch near Franklin.

“The recent 2014 U.S. Drought Monitor map is looking better, but we still have parts of the state in drought,” he said.

“The long-range forecast has much of the state improving and starting to ease back into higher production. As you are making your decisions to restock, we may not be out of the woods completely. Climatologists say these drought cycles typically

4

last for 22-25 years. Just be cautious before testing the waters.”

Redmon said water is the number one important factor for growing forage. Next, for bermuda grass or any hay field, is fertilizer. He warned about managing winter pastures when overseeding warm-season perennial grass fields.

“You want to remove winter pasture before green-up,” he said. “If you don’t, the winter pasture can inhibit photosynthesis. For example, an ungrazed ryegrass pasture will intercept the light and prevent warm-season grasses from being able to grow as they break winter dormancy.

Bermuda grass begins active growth when nighttime temperatures are consistently 60 degrees Fahrenheit, and all winter pasture should be removed prior to that time.”

Redmon said to remove the winter grass, ranchers have the options of either grazing it or baling it.

Fertility was another important factor

See FORAGE, Page 5

Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service photo by Blair Fannin

Larry Redmon, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension state forage specialist in College Station, discusses forage management at the recent beef herd rebuilding symposium at Camp Cooley Ranch near Franklin.

November 2014 — Issue 1

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The Land & Livestock Post

News Forage, from Page 4 discussed. Redmon stressed to attendees to get a soil sample to determine what deficiencies there are in their soils. This can save money when it comes to purchasing fertilizer by making sure to purchase only the recommended amounts and buying blends that are needed for the pasture.

Finally, protection is important as well. Having ample stands

of forage residue on the ground helps protect the soil from erosion and allows water and nutrients to be captured and infiltrate the soil. During the 2011 drought, Redmon said, one rancher elected to keep his cattle and continued to purchase expensive hay, allowing his cows continually to graze down the forage. He said another rancher nearby chose to sell most

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News Graze, from Page 5 of his cows, which allowed his pastures to recover more rapidly.

Redmon said Prevathon is one pesticide that has shown effective results for grasshoppers and fall armyworms with no grazing or haying restrictions.

He advised ranchers to visit forages.tamu.edu for more educational resources on forage management and to sign up for

Forage Fax, an online newsletter available at foragefax.tamu. edu for the latest information bulletins.

The Rebuilding the Beef Herd Symposium was sponsored by the AgriLife Extension offices in Robertson, Brazos, Burleson, Falls, Freestone, Leon, Limestone, Madison and Milam counties in cooperation with the Brazos Area Hay Producers Association.

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November 2014 — Issue 1

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The Land & Livestock Post

News Nov. 15 deadline for USDA’s Pasture, Rangeland and Forage Insurance sign-up

By Kay LedBetter Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

AMARILLO — The deadline is nearing for Pasture, Rangeland and Forage Insurance, designed to provide livestock and hay producers protection against acreage losses, said DeDe Jones, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service risk management specialist in Amarillo.

The 2015 sign-up and acreage reporting deadline for this U.S. Department of Agriculture Risk Management Agency program is Nov. 15, and notices of premiums due will be sent by July 1, Jones said.

“Insurance is a critical component in producers’ risk management portfolios during periods of drought or uncertainty,” she said. “This policy benefited many

cattle producers around the Panhandle in 2011 and 2012 due to the low rainfall conditions. Even though 2014 is off to a much better start, having this insurance may still be worth considering.”

Payment is not determined by individual damages, but rather area losses based on a grid system, Jones said. Producers can select any portion of acres to insure, but they must also choose a minimum of two, two-month intervals or a maximum of six two-month intervals per year to insure.

Coverage levels between 70 and 90 percent are available, she said. Once coverage is selected, the producer chooses a productivity factor between 60 and 150 percent. The productivity factor is a percentage of the established

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November 2014 — Issue 1

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News USDA, from Page 7 county base value for forage.

The base value is a standard rate published by the Risk Management Agency for each county.

It is calculated based on the estimated per-acre cost of grazing, Jones said. For example, Hansford County’s value is $8.11 per acre.

She said Texas uses a rainfall index to determine the insurance coverage. The rainfall in-

dex uses National Oceanic and Atmospheric Climate Prediction Center data and a 12-by-12 mile grid system.

A decision-support tool to help producers determine coverage levels and intervals can be found at agforceusa.com/rma/ri/prf/ dst.

For more information about the insurance and how it fits into a risk management plan, contact Jones at 806-677-5600 or dljones@ ag.tamu.edu.

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Water to be the focus of 2014 Texas Plant Protection Association conference in Bryan

By Blair Fannin Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

Future use of water and its impact on agriculture will be the focus of the 2014 Texas Plant Protection Association conference scheduled Dec. 1011 at the Brazos Center, 3232

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Briarcrest Drive in Bryan.

“Water availability is paramount for agricultural production and certainly is of utmost concern to everyone in Texas,” said Ray Smith, association chairman.

See WATER, Page 20

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November 2014 — Issue 1

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November 2014 — Issue 1

L I S T I N G

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9

News

Stocker gains of more than 2.5 pounds per day realized

By RoBeRt BuRns Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

OVERTON — As cattle prices continue to soar, breaking all previous records, some might wonder why anyone would take animals off winter pasture at 800 to 850 pounds in mid to late May, and continue them on pasture instead of moving them directly into a feedlot or to the sale barn.

The answer to the “why” retain ownership was to study beef cattle stocking opportunities and management strategies that commercial operations cannot afford to try, said Monte Rouquette, Texas A&M AgriLife Research scientist in Overton.

And the results of this first year of the two-year study are impressive, Rouquette said. At the higher supplementation rate, cattle gained an average of 2.53 pounds per head per day.

What Rouquette found really exciting, he said, is that with the higher supplementation rate and the quality of this summer’s forages, he could easily have doubled the stocking rate and realized more than 2,000 pounds of gain per acre over the 110-day study.

“That’s what we’d expected, and that’s what, as it works out, we would have gotten,” he said.

Instead of moving cattle from winter pastures directly into the feedyard, Rouquette split the cattle in several groups. All groups were put on Tifton 85 Bermuda grass pastures. Some were allowed to graze only, while three groups were supplemented with three different levels of dried distillers’ grain.

In this kind of study, each supplementation rate — or no supplementation — is called a “treatment,” he said. Each treatment — or group — was replicated four times on separate pastures, with five to six head per treatment, or nearly 100 head for the entire study.

“The primary objective of forage/animal research is to evalu-

10

Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Robert Burns

At the higher supplementation rate of dried distillers’ grain, cattle gained an average of 2.53 pounds per head per day on Tifton 85 pastures. ate seasonal as well as year-long stocking opportunities,” he said.

In the study, “The 2014-2015 Dried Distillers’ Grains and Beef Competitiveness Research Initiative,” the supplemented cattle were given three different daily rations of dried distiller’s grain and allowed to graze all they wanted on Tifton 85.

Tifton 85 is a hybrid Bermuda grass cross released in 1992 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Station at Tifton, Georgia. It was developed by Glenn Burton, who also released coastal Bermuda grass in 1943.

Rouquette used Tifton 85 in the study because it is one of the most nutritional and productive warm-season grasses available, he said.

This year, Rouquette found it

was possible to produce gains of 1,500 to 1,600 pounds per acre with stocking rates of four to five animals per acre at the higher supplementation rate on Tifton 85 pastures at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Overton. Gains varied, as would be expected, depending upon the supplementation rate.

The supplementation rates were a quarter of 1 percent body weight per head per day; a half of 1 percent body weight per head per day; and 1 percent body weight per head per day, Rouquette said.

Even those cattle that received no supplementation did very well, he said, gaining about 1.53 pounds per head per day.

“That is within reason of what we would expect a stocker calf of

that age and that size to gain,” Rouquette said.

At the one-quarter of 1 percent body weight supplementation rate as well as the one-half of 1 percent body weight rate, cattle gained about 2.22 pounds per day.

“Or they increased almost 0.7 pound per day over non-supplemented, pasture only cattle — what we might expect from previous experimentation,” he said. “This shows that a quarter of 1 percent per day had an ‘additive effect,’ meaning we are enhancing gain with only a small amount of supplement, which is quite acceptable.”

An “additive effect” is an animal science research term for when cattle eat the same amount of forage; not replacing part of their grazing with the dried distillers’ grain, Rouquette explained. Whether supplementation is adding to or replacing forage grazing is easy to determine because it’s known most stocker beef cattle usually only can consume about 2.3 to 2.6 percent dry

matter of their body weight a day, depending upon the breed and the type of pasture.

He emphasized there was no difference between the half of 1 percent of body weight supplementation rate and the quarter of 1 percent supplementation rate.

At the full 1 percent of dried distiller’s grain per body weight, average daily gains jumped to about 2.53 pounds per day.

By late September, the calves weighed about 1,100 pounds, and certainly were ready for the feedlot, Rouquette said.

Rouquette also noted that the higher gains with 1 percent supplementation rate showed there was a substitution effect, not an additive effect. That is, the cattle were substituting part of the dried distiller’s grain for the forage they normally would eat.

Rouquette said in a commercial setting, another two or three head per acre could have been added on these pastures this summer.

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November 2014 — Issue 1

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The Land & Livestock Post

News Annual Cattle Trails Cow-Calf Conference set for Dec. 2

By Kay LedBetter Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

LAWTON, Oklahoma — Getting back to the basics of fundamentally sound ranch management will be the focus of the Cattle Trails Cow-Calf Conference, a joint effort between the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service and the Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service.

The event will be held Dec. 2 in Lawton, Oklahoma. This annual conference, with the slogan of “driving your operation to profits,” provides cow-calf producers the most up-to-date information on topics that influence cattle profits, said Stan Bevers, AgriLife Extension economist in Vernon.

The conference, which alternates between Texas and Oklahoma each year, will be held

from 8:30 a.m. to 3 p.m. at the Comanche County Fairgrounds Coliseum, 920 S. Sheridan Road in Lawton, Oklahoma.

Registration is $25 per person and includes educational materials, a noon meal and refreshments. Additional information can be found at agrisk.tamu.edu.

“This is probably the strongest agenda we have put together for any of our cattle conferences,” Bevers said. “We are fortunate to have Rich Roth, vice president of the IX Ranch from Big Sandy, Montana, coming down to speak.”

He said Roth is the latest generation of ranch managers for the ranch.

“Rich is a relatively young manager who blends the old with the new,” Bevers said. “He documents most activities on the ranch, from data collection

to using his smart phone to capture and post the activities. The ranch’s information system allows the management team to quickly identify and respond to any potential issues, such as low calving rates to rising fertilizer costs.

Also on the agenda will be Bevers and Derrell Peel, Extension livestock economist with Oklahoma Cooperative Extension in Stillwater, Oklahoma, discussing cattle markets and the beef industry.

Other topics and speakers include: • Understanding Forage Quality and Analysis for Beef Production, Ryan Reuter, assistant professor at the Noble Foundation in Ardmore, Oklahoma.

• Matching Your Supplementation Program to Your Forage, Dave Lalman, Extension beef

cattle specialist from Oklahoma State University in Stillwater, Oklahoma.

• Your Cow-calf Herd Health, D.L. Step, Oklahoma State University veterinary clinical sciences professor in Stillwater, Oklahoma.

Industry sponsors also will have their products on display

during the event.

To aid with meal count, producers are encouraged to preregister by contacting their local AgriLife Extension county agent in Texas, their Oklahoma Cooperative Extension county educator, or by contacting the Southwest Oklahoma area Extension office at 580-255-0546.

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News

Iron strong

Higher values make it important to brand your cattle

By RoBeRt FeaRs Special to The Post

B

rand your cattle always has been good advice, but it is more important in today’s markets because of the higher values. A stolen cow can put a thousand dollars or more in a thief’s pocket when the animal is sold.

This is a big incentive for people to stray into criminal endeavors.

“I thought we would see a downturn in thefts because there are fewer cattle to steal due to the drought,” said Doug Hutchison, special ranger with Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association. “In addition, penalties were increased for rustling in 2009 by the Texas Legislature. A person convicted for rustling can now be put in prison for up to 10 years. It seems that the higher values of cattle are overriding the negative effects of drought and increased penalties.

“Brands are the best way to catch a cattle thief,” Hutchison said. “In most cases, a rustler will drive by branded cattle and hunt for unbranded animals.

They know that the chance for being convicted of stealing a branded cow is very high. Fire or freeze brands and ear notches are good methods of marking your cattle.

“Ear tags are not good because the thief simply removes them. Neither are tattoos in the ear because the animal has to be caught and restrained in order to read the number. Our most common way of identifying stolen animals is by reading brands or ear notches through a set of binoculars.”

Kinney Mingus, owner and manager of Milam County Livestock Auction in Cameron likes to recall the old saying: “Brand your cattle, don’t let your neighbor do it.”

“If someone else puts their registered brand on your cattle, then by law they

12

Photo by Robert Fears

The back tag number is oner way to identify the animal. With cattle prices at their highest level ever, it is imperative that producers mark their cattle in some way to prove ownership should it become necessary. belong to the owner of the brand,” Mingus said. “That is why it is very important to brand your cows and bulls.

“The calves can be ear-notched and that serves as a good means of identification. Unfortunately most of our customers use ear tags for identification and only the big ranches routinely brand their cattle.”

Brand properly

“There are concerns by some producers that brands may reduce animal

value due to hide damage,” said Eldon Cole of the University of Missouri Extension. “The most recent beef quality audit shows the discount per animal is only $0.74. Considering the value of theft protection, I’d say it outweighs the $0.74 risk. Hot iron brands result in more hide damage than freeze brands, but the latter can also inflict visible hide damage.”

“Although cattle branding is a procedure that causes temporary discomfort or pain, it is used because it is the most convenient and practical way for animal

November 2014 — Issue 1

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identification on the open range,” said a spokesman for the Oregon Cattlemen’s Association.

“Brands are easily identifiable at a glance and at a distance. While it is true that calves bawl momentarily when a hot iron is applied, they do not seem to be in pain once turned loose.

“Cattle hide is much more thick (several millimeters) than our skin and has less nerve endings per square centimeter than most other animals. A correctly

See BRAND, Page 13

The Land & Livestock Post

News Brand, from Page 12 applied brand is no more painful than an injection or insertion of an ear tag and it leaves a smooth, hairless scar.”

Position the brand correctly on the animal by pressing the iron firmly and rocking the handle slightly to apply the character evenly. Rocking the handle prevents over-burn or

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When the iron is lifted, the hide should look like new saddle leather.

The brand should be placed on the proper location of the animal. In Texas, cattle brands can be registered for placement on either right or left shoulder, side/rib, flank, hip/loin, thigh

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See MARK, Page 15

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November 2014 — Issue 1

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News Mark, from Page 13 or all of these locations. It is important to place the brand in the location for which it is registered. When you place a brand on a location you don’t have registered, you may transfer ownership to another person.

“Avoid designing brands with sharp corners such as boxes, squares, rectangles or triangles,” Hutchison said. “Sharp corners cause blotches, but circles and arcs usually make a legible brand. It is not advisable to combine more than two letters or numbers in one brand.

“The more unique a brand

South Dakota State Brand Board Tips on Branding • The iron when heated properly should appear to be the color of ashes.

• It is recommended that a four-inch iron be used on calves and that an iron five inches or longer be used on yearlings or mature cattle. All irons should have a thickness or face of 3/8 to 1/2 inch.

• Sharp edges on the face of a branding iron should be ground or filed off.

A thin or burned up iron should not be used. It will cut the hide and leave a narrow scar that will easily cover with hair.

• Wet or damp cattle should not be branded as the brand will scald the hide and cause a scar or blotch.

• Do not apply a light hair brand. It will soon disappear leaving no permanent mark.

• Do not brand on top of any part of a previous brand.

• The branding process should take from five to ten seconds depending on the temperature of the branding iron, age of the animal, hair cover and other variables.

• You only need to burn the hair and outer layer of skin. Too deep a brand will result in bleeding and take longer to heal.

• During use keep the branding irons free of scale, burnt hair, and dirt by cleaning with a steel brush, dipping into a pail of sand, or immersing in a bucket of oil.

is, the less likely someone will have it registered in another county. It is harder to find a stolen animal when the brand is used by different producers in four adjoining counties.”

“Ownership of livestock brands only applies to the counties in which it is registered,” Mingus said. “So it is important to register your brand in every county that you have cattle. If this is not possible, try to register similar brands so that they can be tweaked when moving cattle to a different county.”

In freeze branding, a coolant and copper or copper-alloy branding irons are used. The coolant is either liquid nitrogen or a combination of dry ice and alcohol. Better results may occur with dry ice and alcohol, but locating a dry ice source sometimes can be difficult. Liquid nitrogen can be obtained from welding supply stores and

Photo by Robert Fears

Nina Nygard, brand inspector with the Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association is comparing a pen of cattle with the information on the drive-in sheets. artificial insemination companies.

“Freeze branding is relatively stress-free for the animal, and

causes little or no damage to the hide. Unlike fire brands,

See CATTLE, Page 16

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News Cattle, from Page 15 freeze brands result in reduced incidences of blotching.

“Freeze branding takes more time, can be more costly and the brands may not be as clear on all cattle,” Mingus said.

Another traditional method of ownership identification is earmarks, which can be registered in Texas counties for any position on either or both ears. Earmarks include splits, undercuts, notches or tip removal. Calves can be earmarked at birth, whereas the usual age to brand is around three months. Earmarks are readily seen from a distance, even if you are not close enough to see the animal’s brand.

Brands or marks stop thieves at the sale

Brands and ear notches (often called marks) play a large role in the apprehension of cattle rustlers because they are checked at the auction sale by a brand

Photo by Robert Fears

Ear tags are not a good way to show animal ownership because they are too easily removed by thieves. inspector.

When a seller or contract hauler unloads cattle at a livestock exchange, the animals are worked through a receiving chute where a numbered tag is glued to their backs. An employee enters the date of delivery and name, address and tele-

phone number of the seller on a drive-in ticket. Total number of head delivered by the seller and the license number of the delivery truck are also recorded.

Listed in the columns below this block of information are the back tag number of each animal, its description (color,

breed and sex), and any number applied at the ranch, such as an ear tag, tattoo or brand.

Upon completion, the customer or truck driver is asked to sign the ticket.

A separate ticket is completed for each customer. The white copy is retained by the livestock exchange; the yellow copy is loaned to the brand inspector so that he or she can transcribe needed information to a F1 Inspection Form; and the pink copy is delivered to the customer.

“I look at each pen of animals on sales day and compare the descriptions from the drive-in tickets to the animals,” said Nina Nygard, brand inspector with the Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association.

“I look for anything unusual about the animals while I record their brands and ear marks on the inspection form.

If each animal in a lot is wearing a different brand, I get suspicious and start asking questions.

“We often get tips from livestock ex-

See THEFT, Page 16

Brazos Valley Livestock Commission 17th Annual Fall Replacement Sale

Highway 21 East • Bryan, Texas • Saturday December 6, 2014 • 11:00 AM

CALL TO CONSIGN QUALITY CATTLE TO THIS REPUTATION SALE IF YOU ARE LOOKING TO SELL CATTLE WE ARE INTERESTED IN TAKING ON ADDITIONAL CONSIGNMENTS OF YOUNG QUALITY REPLACEMENT FEMALES THAT INCLUDE: OPEN HEIFERS · PAIRS · BRED FEMALES

All cattle are young and screened for quality.

Call us to consign your quality females

REGULAR CATTLE SALES TUESDAYS 12:00 NOON FOR MORE INFORMATION CALL: (979) 778-0904

Scott Scarmardo Mobile (979) 224-3764 • brazosvalleylivestock@yahoo.com 16

November 2014 — Issue 1

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News Theft, from Page 15 change employees. They know their customers and usually notice a stranger delivering cattle that fit the type raised by a client,” Nygard said.

“That’s why I like to unload the sellers’ cattle myself,” Mingus said.

“I know my customers and the type of cattle they raise. If someone I don’t know delivers cattle that look like they belong to a customer, I quickly call the sheriff’s office and ask them to do some checking.”

“At the end of each sale, brand inspectors mail the inspection forms to Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association headquarters in

Fort Worth, where the information is entered into a data base,” Hutchison said.

“If someone reports a stolen cow and if it was branded, I can search the brand in the data base from my laptop computer.

I get the seller’s name, the delivery truck’s license plate number, and other information that helps me catch the crook.

“If stolen animals are not branded or marked, chances for catching the thief are very slim,” hutchison said.

Whether your herd consists of two cows or 1,000, it is important that you brand the older animals and ear-notch the newborn calves. It is the cheapest theft insurance that you can obtain.

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News Water, from Page 8 “This conference will feature several presentations from leading experts across the state.”

Travis Miller, interim director for state operations with the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, will be one of the featured speakers during the opening general session Dec. 10.

“The impact of drought on agriculture in Texas has certainly played a huge role in the economic well-being of agriculture, as well as the availability of water for both irrigation and municipal use,” Miller said.

“Attendees will get some historical perspective on how drought in Texas impacts agriculture and natural resources and hear about some of the trends that will affect crop production and overall water

20

availability.”

John Nielsen-Gammon, Texas state climatologist, and Carlos Rubinstein, chairman of the Texas Water Development Board, also will be general session featured speakers.

Nielsen-Gammon will discuss climate variability and Rubinstein will give a Texas water outlook.

Other presentations during the general session will

focus on water conservation, comparative irrigation methods, agricultural innovations from industry in dealing with climate change, and a Texas farmer’s perspective on dealing with water management.

Afternoon sessions on Dec. 10 will include a look at the Texas drought’s impact on wildlife, unmanned aerial vehicles in agriculture, and decision and precision applications of nitro-

gen.

The second day of the conference will feature sessions on grain, cotton, horticulture/ turf, and pasture and rangeland.

A student poster contest will be held.

There also will be an awards luncheon.

For registration information, go to bit.ly/ZwpjOD.

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November 2014 — Issue 1

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News LIVESTOCK MARKET REPORT Bryan

R e s u l t s o f t h e B r a z o s Va l l e y L i v e s t o c k C o m m i s s i o n ’s Oct. 14 sale: Head: 880 Steers: 200-300 lbs., $329-$355; 300-400 lbs., $304-$345; 400-500 lbs., $259-$340; 500-600 lbs., $229$312.50; 600-700 lbs., $215-$239; 700-800 lbs., $220-$231.

Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $309-$345; 300-400 lbs., $264-$345; 400-500 lbs., $239-$312.50; 500-600 lbs., $220-$260; 600-700 lbs.,$200-$229; 700-800 lbs., $200-$214.

Slaughter bulls: $120-$140.

Slaughter cows: $85-$120.

Bred cows: $1,250-$2,300.

Buffalo

Results of the Buffalo Livestock Exchange’s Oct. 11 sale: Head: 1,631 Steers: 150-200 lbs., $325-$390; 200-300 lbs., $300-$360; 300-400

lbs., $285-$345; 400-500 lbs., $250$305; 500-600 lbs., $210-$243; 600700 lbs., $210-$243; 700-800 lbs., $200-$235.

Heifers: 150-200 lbs., $300-$390; 200-300 lbs., $275-$350; 300-400 lbs., $264-$340; 400-500 lbs., $239$312.50; 500-600 lbs., $220-$260; 600-700 lbs., $200-$229; 700-800 lbs., $200-$214.

Slaughter bulls: $115-$130.

Slaughter cows: $86-$121.

Bred cows: $1,150-$2,250.

Caldwell

Results of the Caldwell Livestock Commission’s Oct. 15 sale: Head: 577 Steers: 200-300 lbs., $300-$395; 300-400 lbs., $300-$350; 400-500 lbs., $260-$325; 500-600 lbs., $230$290; 600-700 lbs., $215-$250; 700800 lbs., $210-$230.

Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $290-$310; 300-400 lbs., $285-$330; 400-500

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lbs., $245-$300; 500-600 lbs., $225$260; 600-700 lbs., $210-$270; 700800 lbs., $205-$225.

Slaughter bulls: $120-$141.

Slaughter cows: $85-$120.

Stocker cows: $1,500-$2,200.

Cow/calf pairs: $2,200-$2,700.

Groesbeck Results of the Groesbeck Auction & Livestock Co.’s Oct. 16 sale: Head: 660 Steers: 300-400 lbs., $300-$355; 400-500 lbs., $275-$320; 500-600 lbs., $240-$300; 600-700 lbs., $210$250.

Heifers: 300-400 lbs., $260-$345; 400-500 lbs., $245-$315; 500-600 lbs., $218-$282; 600-700 lbs., $200$245.

Slaughter bulls: $125-$135.

Slaughter cows: $85-$126.

Bred cows: $1,400-$2,900.

Cow/calf pairs: $1,800-$3,500.

Jordan

Results of the Jordan Cattle Auction’s Oct. 16 sale: Steers: 200-300 lbs., $315$342.50; 300-400 lbs., $290-$340; 400-500 lbs., $280-$330; 500-600 lbs.,$240-$97.50; 600-700 lbs.,$225$249; 700-800 lbs, $215-$227.

Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $290$307.50; 300-400 lbs., $280-$320; 400-500 lbs., $250-$320; 500-600 lbs., $230-$302.50; 600-700 lbs., $210-$216; 700-800 lbs.,$190-$216.

Slaughter bulls: $121-$148.

Slaughter cows: $94-$129.

Bred cows: $1,800-$2,400.

Cow/calf pairs: $2,500-$3,075

Milano

Results of the Milano Livestock Exchange’s Oct. 14 sale: Steers: 300-400 lbs., $221-$341; 400-500 lbs., $247-$313; 500-600 lbs., $217-$301; 600-700 lbs., $196$223.

Heifers: 300-400 lbs., $236-$311; 400-500 lbs., $230-$311; 500-600 lbs., $209-$277; 600-700 lbs., $193$223.

Slaughter bulls: $120-$130.

Slaughter cows: $81-$118.

Bred cows: $1,350-$1,850.

Navasota

Results of the Navasota Livestock Auction Co.’s Oct. 11 sale: Head: 1,930 Steers: 150-300 lbs., $200-$415; 300-400 lbs., $200-$365; 400-500 lbs., $175-$335.50; 500-600 lbs., $160-$290; 600-700 lbs.,$155-$255.

Heifers: 150-300 lbs., $195-$370; 300-400 lbs., $185-$315; 400-500 lbs., $175-$285; 500-600 lbs., $165$270; 600-700 lbs., $160-$236.

Slaughter bulls: $100-$140.

Slaughter cows: $85-$117.

Stocker cows: $1,400-$2,600.

Cow/calf pairs: $1,800-$2,600.

— Special to The Post

Questions About Cattle Health?

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