News S.M. Tracy Herbarium solves mysteries of the plant world By Kay LedBetter Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service
COLLEGE STATION — When researchers across Texas, and at times worldwide, hold up a plant and ask, “What is this?” they very well may be talking to Dale Kruse or Stephan Hatch at the S.M. Tracy Herbarium. The looks of the non-descript metal building, hidden away east of the Texas A&M University campus at 3380 University Drive E. in College Station, provides no indication of the importance of the work going on inside the Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Texas A&M facility. “We get the hard-to–identify things,” said Kruse, curator since 1999. “These plants include potentially invasive species, plants toxic to wildlife and livestock, weedy species in pastures and gardens, and at times just pretty flowers found along the roadside.” The S.M. Tracy Herbarium, a part of the department of ecosystem science and management, is a research plant collection with around 325,000 specimens housed
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Published by Bryan-College Station Communications, Inc., P.O. Box 3000, Bryan,Texas 77805. E-mail: thepost@theeagle.com All offices are located at 1729 Briarcrest Drive Bryan,Texas 77802. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to The Eagle, P.O. Box 3000, Bryan,Texas 77805-3000 The Post is printed in part on recycled paper and is fully recyclable.
Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter
Dale Kruse, left, and Stephan Hatch look over a specimen file at the S.M.Tracy Herbarium.
in rows and rows of specially designed cabinets. Some specimens housed in the herbarium date back nearly 200 years ago to as early as 1819, said Hatch, who is the director and has been cataloging plants there for more than 40 years. The collections in the herbarium include specimens from vascular and nonvascular plants, lichens, algae and fungi. These plants are from every continent, including Antarctica, but the bulk of the collections are from the southern U.S., Mexico and the Caribbean. The Tracy Herbarium was established in the 1930s and is based on several early collections, including that of agriculturalist Samuel Mills Tracy, who donated approximately 10,000 specimens to Texas A&M in 1917. Designated a National Resource Collection in 1974, the herbarium houses about 110,000 grass specimens — the largest grass collection in Texas and across much of the southern U.S. Over the years, specimens have been added from various sources, Kruse said. Additions are obtained through annual collections by faculty, staff and students, who provide about 2,500-3,000 new specimens every year. In addition, an on-going exchange program with 30-35 other worldwide herbaria enhances the taxonomic and geographic scope of the collections. Large numbers of specimens have been acquired through the incorporation of orphaned herbaria, he said. This prevented the loss of many decades of work by researchers, and an immeasurable loss of research potential in the specimens themselves. One such case is the incorporation of Texas A&M’s biology department herbarium in 2012, Kruse said. With the support
See HERBARIUM, Page 13
The Land & Livestock Post
December 2015 — Issue 2
P.O. Box 3000, Bryan Texas 77805 Jesse Wright • 979.731.4721 • jesse.wright@theeagle.com
11
News
Herd killer
Don’t relax your guard against anaplasmosis
I
By RoBeRt FeaRs Special to The Post
f anaplasmosis is not a part of the herd health program, it is probably because the disease hasn’t been a problem on the ranch. Absence of anaplasmosis, however, does not mean you should relax your guard against it. Current estimates place annual losses to producers in the United States at $300 million. These costs include production and death losses, treatment costs and restrictions on international trade. Due to the significance of the economic impact, it is important to understand the disease and know when to take protective measures. “Anaplasmosis is also called ‘yellow bag’ or ‘yellow fever’ because affected animals can develop a jaundiced appearance,” said Dr. Dee Whittier of Virginia Tech. “The disease is seen worldwide, has been reported in a least 40 states, and is a common disease in the southern United States.”
Transmission
“Anaplasmosis is caused by Anaplasma marginale, a rickettsia type of bacteria that infects red blood cells,” said Dr. Max Irsikof the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine. “Once infected, cattle can serve as reservoirs for the pathogen and become carriers. “The disease can be spread from carriers to susceptible cattle by insect vectors such as ticks (including winter ticks, and American dog ticks), biting flies (including horse flies and deer flies) and mosquitos. It also is transmitted by vaccination needles, dehorners, castrating knives, implant guns, tattoo instruments and ear taggers.” “Face flies, houseflies and other non-biting insects do not transmit the
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Photos by Robert Fears
If an anaplasmosis outbreak occurs three to six weeks after cattle are worked, the pathogen was probably transmitted to a susceptible animal during handling. On the Cover:All ages of cattle become infected with anaplasmosis,but illness severity increases with age. disease,” Whittier said. “Horn flies, although they bite, typically do not go from animal to animal so they are not thought to spread the pathogen. “Anaplasma can be transmitted through its biological vector. A parasite receives nourishment from, and may even multiply in, the biological vector. The biological vector for anaplasmosis is ticks. Once in the tick, Anaplasma can remain active throughout the insect’s lifecycle and can be transmitted to an animal several months later.” “Once an animal is infected with Anaplasma, the organism multiplies in the blood stream and attaches to the animal’s red blood cells,” said Dr. Meredyth Jones of Texas A&M’s College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences. “The infected red blood cells are destroyed in the animal’s spleen and liver in an attempt to fight off the infection. When the number of blood cells being destroyed exceeds the number of blood cells that the body can produce, the animal becomes anemic.” “Although many anaplasmosis outbreaks occur in spring and summer, they can happen at any time of the year,” Whittier said. “The many ways it can be transmitted and the potential for carrier animals makes the source of an outbreak confusing. If an outbreak occurs in spring or summer, it suggests that the source of infection is from insect vectors. If the outbreak occurs three to six weeks after cattle are
See ANAPLASMOSIS, Page 18
December 2015 — Issue 2
The Land & Livestock Post
Ag Directory 2 0 1 6
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Ag D i r ec to ry
T H E B R YA N - C O L L E G E S TAT I O N E A G L E
Alternative Livestock M&J Quail
936-394-3891 21489 FM 244 Iola, TX 77861 M&J Flight Conditioned Quail Services supplies quality flight and weather conditioned Bobwhite quail to hunting clubs, dog trainers, preserves, game enhancement projects, and hobbyists alike. Bison Ranch
713-436-9089 PO Box 459 Pearland, TX 77588 bisonranch@att.net Bison breeding stock All species of Bison including European Weison, American Plains, White, DNA pure and Canadian Woods. Breeding service available. Large herd of Red Deer and Zebras. Call Richard Burns.
Animal Health Sabre Technical Services
281-880-4886 5415 Pebble Springs Houston, TX 77066 mminier@sabretechservices.com
We provide chlorine dioxide for water purification, facility sterilization, and odor control. Shenandoah Vet Clinic
979-690-7999 4210 State Highway 6 S. College Station, TX 77845 kyle.bostick@shenandoahvet.com Offering heard production health management for cow/calf, stocker calf, and sheep/goat operations Individual animal and emergency services available as well. We are a mobile practice only at this time.
Associations & Organizations Jones & Lowe Agency, Inc.
979-774-5683 725 E. Villa Maria, Suite 2100 Bryan, TX 77802 www.JonesAndLoweAgency.com Jones & Lowe Agency is an independent insurance provider. We can handle anything you need insured from crops, livestock, farm and ranch to your auto, home, business or health. We offer friendly, personalized, hometown-style service! Whether you come to see us Texas Agricultural Land Trust
1800 N. Texas Ave., Bryan 979.778.6000 www.producerscooperative.com T H E B R YA N - C O L L E G E S TAT I O N E A G L E
210-826-0074 P.O. Box 6152 San Antonio, TX 78209 bfitzsimons@txaglandtrust.org TALT, a non-profit organization, today has partnered with landowners to conserve 98,600 acres. Created by farmers and ranchers for farmers and ranchers, TALT is proud to play a role in conserving Texas’ legacy of wide open spaces. Walker County Cowboy Church
936-662-4333 1674 Highway 75 North Huntsville, TX 77320 www.wccch.org Western Culture Baptist Church. Member of the Texas Fellowship of Cowboy Churches. Helping meet the need of those who long for a walk with the Lord but feel out of place in traditional churches. Watson Ranch Organic
903-925-3818 P.O. Box 577 Hawkins, TX 75765 info@watsonranchorganic.com Watson Ranch Organic liquid fertilizer excellent for forage, legumes, fruit production, vegetables
and row crops. Soil building and environmentaly safe. www. watsonranchorganic.com For local informantion on dealer call 903/9253818 Freestone Co. Goat Breeders Association
P.O. Box 1553 Fairfield, TX 75840 www.freestonecountygoats.org A diverse group of goat breeders serving the citizens of Anderson, Freestone, Henderson, Leon, Limestone, and Navarro Counties. Meetings are held on the 2nd Tuesday of the month at 7 p.m. Location: Freestone Co. Couthouse, Fairfield Independent Cattlemen’s Association of Texas
512-620-0162 P.O. Box 1168 Lockhart, TX 78644 www.icatexas.com ICA is a grass roots organization run by and fun the benefit of the cow-calf producer. With booming voices in Austin and Washington DC we are able to help and support any ranchers needs. Texas & Southwestern Cattle
Raisers Association
800-242-7820 1301 West Seventh Street, Suite 201 Ft. Worth, TX 76102 www.texascattleraisers.org/ Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association (TSCRA) is a 133-year-old trade organization and is the largest livestock association in Texas. TSCRA offers a broad range of services, including law enforcement, government and public affairs, insurance services, industry news and information on best practices, educational programs, and discounts for ranching supplies and related services to members and the industry. Texas CattleWomen, Inc.
979-830-8218 5130 Wonder Hill Rd. Chappell Hill, TX 77426 www.texascattlewomen.org Texas CattleWomen brings the best of volunteerism to the beef industry. Our mission is to support and promote the beef industry. Affiliated American National CattleWomen, we have locals across the state of Texas working to inform consumers of the importance of the industry
Your Agriculture Partner Since 1943 Livestock Feeds • Seed Fertilizer • Fuel/Lubricants A full line of equipment & supplies for the Farm/Ranch Ag D i r ec to ry
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and the constribution it makes to the economy of our nation.
and professional service.
Texas Rural Mediation Services
505-471-0034 1386 Vegas Verdes Santa Fe, NM 87507 buyersol@aol.com Metal Buildings, Farm Equipment
Custom bull & heifer development programs and a calf-raiser program to assist today’s cattle producer. We realize how slim the profit margin can be in the cattle industry and we work to provide economical solutions for producing the best genetics.
Vance Welding and Fabrication
Bradley 3 Ranch, Ltd
866-329-3522 P.O. Box 10536 Lubbock, TX 79408 www.co.lubbock.tx.us TRMS provides low-cost mediation services to Rural Texans and anyone affected by actions of the USDA for disputes ranging from adverse decisions by USDA agencies to financial conflicts with creditors, and more. USDA Farm Service Agency
979-680-5213 PO Box 2900 College Station, TX 77841 brenda.carlson@tx.usda.gov Federal farm programs administered through the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Farm Service Agency (FSA) stabilize farm income, assist agriculture producers to conserve natural resources, provide credit for farm ownership and operation and help producers recover from the effects of natural disasters. Wild Horse Foundation
979-828-3927 P.O. Box 692 Franklin, TX 77856 www.wildhorsefoundation.org Equine Rescue and Abuse, Disaster Preparedness for Livestock, Instuctors/Facilitators CERT/ Livestock Programs. Wild Horse Specialist. Education and Prevention programs. 501 c3 non-profit organization
Buildings Buddy Micklitz
979-779-0420 P.O. BOX 1497 Bryan, TX 77806 micklitz@verizon.net Residential - Farm - Ranch. Custom designed barns and buildings. All metal construction, wood framed, or combination structures. Horse stalls, equipment sheds, hay barns, barndominiums, and recreational buildings. Call for appointment. Craft Concrete Construction
979-257-6484 11745 Carter Ln. Bryan, TX 77803 lcrafto@live.com Slabs, walks, walls, block, stone, drainage. Quality isn’t paid for, you expect it. Give us a call for prompt
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Sunset Distributing
936-348-1247 24305 OSR Madisonville, TX 77864 www.VanceWelding.com Full service welding as well as all types of metal structures, cattle guards, and hay rings.
Cattle A&J Angus Farm
940-668-6045 1013 CR 322 Vallet View, TX 76272 www.ajangus.com Breeding age bulls tested on the ranch in ample pastures. They are fed a ration, hand fed twice daily, that insures growth, but not overly fat. Also, open and bred heifers AI sired our of AI sired cows. AAA Simmentals
281-467-0382 5103 Barkaloo Baytown, TX 77521 www.aaasimmentals.com We have registered Simmental Cattle. Black, red, heifers, cows, bulls, some show steers! ABC Consulting
575-483-0522 Magic Valley Springer, NM 87747 http://ABigfootCarbon.com Real reasonable priced bred cows, pairs, replacements, feeders and stockers off grass available all the time. Soil Carbon and GHG Offset projects paid to farmers and renchers on rangeland, timber and min till farm acres. AW Ranch
713-725-4505 37872 FM 2979 Hempstead, TX 77802 www.awranch.net Some of the best breed in US- Cattle, Horses - Show Calves and Racing Horses. Working Dogs. Small Ranch Special Care to animals B&B Cattle Company
979-220-6043 10220 FM 2289 Normangee, TX 77871 www.NeedABull.com
Phone : 806-888-1062 15591 CR K Memphis, TX 79245 Www.bradley3ranch.com Angus and Charolais bulls and genetics. Center Ranch
903-536-7090 3582 FM 811 Centerville, TX 75833 centerranch@hotmail.com Cattle, Horse, and Hay operation. We have a heifer development program to produce replacement females. Bred and open heifers for sale year round. Extensive hay operation for high quality horse hay. Also raise and train cutting horses. Broken K-Bar Ranch
979-589-2004 3212 N FM 2038 Bryan, TX 77808 www.brokenkbar.com Angus bulls and heifers for sale. AI sired by the top bulls in the breed. Circle X Land & Cattle
979-450-0819 Po Box 4747 Bryan, TX 77805 circlexbrangus.cm Circle X can meet all of your needs for commercial and registered Brangus cattle. We have quality show heifer prospects for your junior exhibitor, replacement heifers to build your herd and superior bulls to improve the performance and profitability of your operation. Dolliver Ranch
979-229-7108 6121 Hwy 21 E Caldwell, TX 77836 daviddolliver@hughes.net Gentle Registered Brahman and Brangus Cattle Dos XX’s Cattle Company
979-277-2295 18970 Bosse Road Washington, TX 77880 dosxx@netzero.com Raise and produce Registered Red Brangus Cattle and miniature horses.
Ag D i r ec to ry
Double M Ranch
361-550-9784 P.O. Box 4733 Victoria, TX 77903 www.doublemmranch.com For Sale: Registered Texas Longhorns, Pairs, Bred Cows & heifers. Bull Prospects & Ropers For Sale at all times Dunn Ranch
Phone : (979) 575-5451 930 County Road 357 Gause, TX 77857 tdunnpro@gmail.com Cow calf operation!
JC Longhorns
361-648-6249 323 Crawford Dr. Victoria, TX 77904 charabis@hotmail.com For Sale: Registered Texas Longhorn cattle for sale at all times. KC Beefmasters
Dutton Simmentals
936-449-4612 6583 N FM 1486 Rd. Montgomery, TX 77356 jadutton32@cs.com Fullblood Fleckvieh Simmental seedstock. Polled and horned bulls, open & bred heifers and mature cows for sale at all times. Foltin Farms
281-787-4347 22509 Roberts Cemetery Rd. Hockley, TX 77447 tonyfoltin@gmail.com Red Angus & Beefmaster cattle, and Red Angus X Beefmaster Cattle. Grand Star Ranch
936-894-3017 7506 CR 204 Plantersville, TX 77363 www.GrandStarRanch.com We raise and sell pure bred Santa Gertrudis Cattle. Replacement and Show Heifers are generally available. H4 Farms
361-935-1208 5618 Midway Rd Inez, TX 77968 hoodjrw@aol.com Purebred, Star 5, Commercial Santa Gertrudis cattle. Our herd is designed to meet both the purebred and commercial cattleman’s needs. Hudec Cattle
979-263-5829 1442 C R 204 Weimar, TX 78962 jhudec@cvtv.net Limousin and Angus Bulls and Heifers. Over 30 years of A.I. Very Gentle. Also show steers and heifers. 979 263-5829 J&M Farm Miniature Herefords
281-252-5080 29909 Roberts Trail Magnolia, TX 77354
www.jandmfarmmini atureherefords. com We Bred, Raise, Show and Sell Registered Miniature Hereford Cattle. Call us today or visit or website.
512-253-0011 1955 CR 106 Paige, TX 78659 www.kcbeefmasters.com Beefmaster seed stock operation. Heifers, bulls, open cows and bred cows available. L&L Cattle
936-537-5462 13093 Browder-Traylor Rd. Willis, TX 77378 byronleeinsurance@hotmail.com Fall born club calves - A-I sires; also purebred Charolais bulls and heifers Lazy L Cattle Company
940-362-4519 HC 75, Box 495 Eliasville, TX 76481 jerryligon@hotmail.com We raise registered Black Brangus cattle. Lazy W Farms
936-443-9205 1411 Hobo Lane Madisonville, TX 77864 gertngauers@yahoo.com Quality Pinzgauer and Santa Gertrudis breeding bulls and females and F-1 crosses
Lone Star Longhorns
903-536-3721 P.O. Box 1432 Centerville, TX 75833 www.lonestarlonghorns.net Lone Star Longhorns is a breeder of quality registered TX Longhorns. Breeding for horn, color, conformation and temperment. Cows, bred cows, cow calf pairs, heifers, bulls and steers. Stop by and visit us. Marsh Ranch
979-589-1204 8691 Old Reliance Road Bryan, TX 77808 jfmarshranch.com Polled and Horned Herefords Replacement Heifers/Recips Show
T H E B R YA N - C O L L E G E S TAT I O N E A G L E
Cattle
site: www.schulerfamilylimousin.com
Milano Livestock Exchange
Solid Rock Ranch
512-455-7631 HWY 79 E. Milano, TX 76556 milanolivestock@msn.com Livestock Market Sale every Tuesday 10:30 a.m. No Worries Cattle Co.
936-394-3811 14679 FM 244 Iola, TX 77861 parrisdm@windstream.net LowLine Angus Fullblood Cattle
979-777-7571 PO Box 1291 Franklin, TX 77856 www.solidrockranch.com Registered Angus. Focused on breeding functional and attractive females adapted to our environment and the bulls that will produce them. Balanced trait siresutilized in AI and ET program and as herd sires. Bulls for sale Texas Beef Council
Nuestra Tierra Ranch
512-335-2333 8708 Ranch Road 620 North Austin, TX 78726 www.texasbeef.org Texas Beef Checkoff Program
Rimrock Cattle Company
325-660-7030 518 Braune Rd. Abilene, TX 79603 www.rimrockcattle.com Forage Finished beef, conventional feeding, grow yard, commercial cattle, carcass ultrasound
903-626-4365 P O Box 215 Jewett, TX 75846 txshorthorns@earthlink.net TX Shorthorn Association keeps an up-to-date list of cattle for sale. Also has a free membership directory available to interested cattlemen
Rockin’ M Cattle Company
Twin Oaks Ranch
713-627-0408 3802 Piping Rock Ln Houston, TX 77027 filfam@att.net The Place for Quality Cattle
979-589-1101 P.O. Box 4550 Bryan, TX 77805 milleco1@cs.com Registered Grey Brahman seed stock. Rose Hill Ranch
281-375-8836 P.O. Box 235 Pattison, TX 77466 ww.rosehillgerts.com Pure bred Santa Gertrudis cattle for sale. Hero sires, show heifers, replacement females. Top quality - excellent genetics, performance guaranteed. Seiter Ranch
979-690-9345 3940 Parrot Cove College Station, TX 77845 seiterranch@yahoo.com Brangus, Hereford cross calves. Black Baldy steers and heifers. Ranch at Keith, TX Schuler Family Limousin
936-520-4926 20615 Ginger Meadow Lane Cleveland, TX 77328 alanschuler@sbcglobal.net Seedstock producer of registered Limousin cattle selling show heifer prospects and breeding bulls. Web
Texas Shorthorn Association
713-870-8200 1826 FM 2503 Ellinger, TX 78938 reckierizzo@gmail.com Selling Longhorn cattle. Watson Land & Cattle Co. & Montgomery Day Hunt
936-760-5191 25701 Watson Ranch Rd Montgomery, TX 77356 rwatson@mssblue.net Russell Watson selling quality Brangus Cattle Replacement Heifers. Day Hunting lease for deer and hogs
Computers / Software
P.O. BOX 1186 New Waverly, TX 77358 www.adamslandimprovement.com Complete Land Improvement. Land clearing, erosion control, soil conservation, lake and pond design and construction, earth moving. AG Southwest Crop and Ranch Insurance 866-936-2767 3116 Wedgescale Pass Leander, TX 78641 agsouthwest.com Our Crop & Ranch insurance agency offers insurance for farmers and ranchers all across Texas, including PRF Drought Insurance, Crop Insurance, and Hail Insurance. We will be glad to give you a quote and provide you with excellent customer service.Agricultural Insurance Agency, Inc. 979-776-2697 PO Box 4287 Bryan, TX 77805 lspurcell@suddenlink.net We offer insurance coverage for agribusiness and related operations. Specializing in Auction barns, farms and ranches, animal mortality, cargo, bonds- both commercial and
personal, lines with competing rates.
Small acreage broadcast application.
Fly Z Ranch
Equine - Horses Mules
512-446-2921 647 Briar Lane Rockdale, TX 76567 flyranch@sbcglobal.net Specializing in the young Horse Potter Enterprises
979-690-6951 5609 Straub Rd College Station, TX 77845 gdpotter@startel.net Equine Consulting, Potter Farm RJ Consultant Services
512-868-9306 104 Orange Cove Georgetown, TX 78633 rjconsultantservices@earthlink.net Freelance Writing, 1.d.1 Appraisals, Pesticide Claims Investigation, Ranch Management Plans, Municipal Wildlife Management Scasta Partnerships
979-589-2328 9221 Box-S Ranch Rd. Bryan, TX 77808 Custom chemical brush control services. Pastures, fencelines & right-of-ways. Individual plant treatment- Basal, foliar, cut-stump.
B G Ranch
512-446-0979 1767 S Hwy 77 Rockdale, TX 76567 bobgraham69@yahoo.com B G Ranch specializes in Boarding, Training Barrel Horses, and Sales. Blue Diamond Ranch
979-589-1463 2090 Sand Creek Rd. Bryan, TX 77808 www.bluediamondranch.com Offers Western performance Paint and Quarter horses for cutting, reining and roping. Stallin service by the industry’s leading sireshomozygous black tobianos and roan tobianos. 4.74 Ranch
979-589-3272 7477 Dick Elliott Rd. Bryan, TX 77808 charityjudah@henryjudah.com New- small, private horse boarding facility. Full board available. Exceptional care of facilities and attention to detail.
Do you have your Boyd Built Feeder? • Fully assembled and ready to use. • Made of heavy-duty materials to withstand the toughest conditions. • Used all over the Southwest for over 50 years. • 1,500 lb. to 60,000 lb. capacity. • Feeders to meet all your feeding needs. • Available at:
CattleMax software by Cattlesoft, Inc.
877-454-2697 P.O. Box 2647 College Station, TX 77841 www.cattlemax.com CattleMax is a rancher-friendly software that reduces time spent on record keeping and improves organization. Comprehensive reporting features help make better management decisions.
Consultants Adams Land Improvement Contractor
Boyd Industries, Inc.
Phone: (800) 611-3540
936-522-6098
T H E B R YA N - C O L L E G E S TAT I O N E A G L E
Fax: (940)-433-8540
www.BoydBuilt.com
Ag D i r ec to ry
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Deep Meadow Equine Services, Inc.
281-290-8884 24415 Deep Meadow Tomball, TX 77375 www.dmesi.com Equine Physical Therapy and Wellness Center, providing fitness training, Vet prescribed treatments and layups using the latest techniques including a water treadmill. Dos XX’s Miniature Horses
936-878-2578 18970 Bosse Road Washington, TX 77880 dosxxminis@netzero.com Raise and breed registered miniature horses for show, sale and pets Farriershop
800-560-6217 8982 FM 391 Hearne, TX 77859 Farriershop@wildblue.net Horseshoeing & trimming service. We have a shop to bring your cripple or special needs animals & we provide an in field service for routine maintance. Give us a try! HR Leather Shop
936-355-8222 P.O. Box 1010 New Waverly, TX 77358 moniebell@hotmail.com Saddle Repair shop and custom made cowboy gear. We make chaps, chinks, tack and can make or repair most anything leather Reined Rope Horse.com
254-592-7860 315 FM 2303 Stephenville, TX 76401 www.reinedropehorse.com Camps/Clinic/Training/Lessons - reining is the foundation of our program. We offer training in several disciplines including reining, cowhorse, and roping. Kids camps and clinics throughout the year - our place or yours. Finished horses for sale. Rocking L&D
979-218-5285 1601 Valley View Dr College Station, TX 77840 rockinglandd.com 3yr old double reg. tenn walker stallion for stud service! reg. mares $500 grade mares $300 Shiloh Ranch
979-451-1550 Box 429
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Chappell Hill, TX 77426 www.Shilohranchtexas.com 10 very nice registered quarter horses,paints and grade horses,brood mares,stallions very reasonable-selling out near future Silver Star Ranch
713-254-7156 P.O. Box 1241 New Ulm, TX 78950 Wayne@silver-star-ranch.com Horse Breeder - Reining, Cow, and Cutting Sunshine Stables
806-570-8904 10846 FM 2589 Dumas, TX 79029 www.sunshinestablestx.com HORSE MOTEL - Indoor and Outdoor stalls, RV Hookups, Horses for sale or lease, Underwood horse medicine, Authorized PJ Trailer Dealer
Equipment and Supplies ABI Irrigation, Inc.
979-530-8764 18970 Bosse Road Washington, TX 77880 www.abi-irrigation.com Manufacture and sell the ABI Hard Hose Traveling irrigation systems and pumps. Alexander Livestock
512-756-0593 18431 FM 963 Lampasas, TX 76550 www.alexander-livestock.com Squeeze Chutes, Tubs, Alleys and Scales, Portable and Staionary Boyd Industries, Inc.
800-611-3540 P.O. Box 315 Boyd, TX 76023 www.BoydBuilt.com Manufacturer of all steel bulk feeders, creep feeders, feed troughs, hay racks, round bale feeders, horse feeders portable feeders and other custom feeding equipment since 1961. Available at most local feed stores and livestock equipment suppliers. Capps Cowboy Leatherwerx
281-253-2837 5950 CR 331 Plantersville, TX 77363 glenn.capps37@gmail.com Saddle & tack repair. Custom leather items built. French Trading Company
28852-8453 19550 Ramblewood Dr Humble, TX 77338 www.frenchtradingcompany.com Aromatic Red Cedar- Building and Fencing Supplies. Posts, Stays, rails, guard rails, log siding, house logs, lumber and furniture wood. Various sizes and at discount prices shipped directly to your site. Lonestar Ag
979-220-3303 5369 Caroline Bryan, TX 77807 msuehs@abceq.com Aer-Way Pasture Renovation, Round Bale Hauling MCB West Sharpening
979-567-9538 P.O. BOX 210 Chriesman, TX 77838 HdoubleH@txcyber.com Sharpening clipper blades, knives, tools, scissors & more. Cipper Repair. Call for conveninet drop off points- call for schedule or information. North Texas Mini Trucks
940-367-1173 P.O. Box 315 Boyd, TX 76023 www.NorthTexasMiniTrucks.com Supplier of Japanese Mini Trucks. Great alternative to conventional ATV’s and side by side UTV’s. Ride in comfort in an enclosed cab with heat and A/C with a full 4’ x 6’ bed, 4x4 and a quiet 45hp gas engine. Many custom options available. Rockin L Feeders
979-578-2589 1293 CR 313 Louise, TX 77455 www.rockinlfeeders.com Springs Construction Inc.
512-357-6734 P.O. Box 88 Staples, TX 78670 Grain Storage Bins, Bulk Feed Tanks, Grain Conveyers, Feed Mill Equipment. Sunshine Trailers
806-570-8904 10846 FM 2589 Dumas, TX 79029 pjjenkins@hotmail.com Authorized PJ Trailer Dealer, dump trailers, utility trailers, flatbed, car haulers, custom orders Wegwert, Inc.
979-364-2502
Ag D i r ec to ry
7263 Hwy. 6 Calvert, TX 77837 www.wegwert.com We sell and service M/F and Kioti tractors, Westendorf loaders, hay trailers, spray rigs & offer all welding services.
Feed & Seed Berrier Ranch
281-808-0765 5035 Sienna Heights Lane Pasadena, TX 77505 dberrier@dbisd.org Hay for sale. Large Rolls, clean, fertilized, net-wrapped Bahia/Coastal mix. Brazos Feed & Supply Inc.
979-779-1776 1200 S. Texas Ave. Bryan, TX 77803 brazosfeedsupply.com We handle a full line of Purina feed, hay, shavings, non-gmo feed, Victor Dog Food, baby, poultry supplies, and much more. In January we will have been in business 31 years. Burkhead Ranch
903-684-3284 5357 county road 4640 DeKalb, TX 75559 bobburkhead@msn.com Cows and calves, raise Netbio feeder calves. Grow hay and baleage. East Texas Seed Company
903-597-6637 P.O. Box 569 Tyler, TX 75710 www.eastexasseedcompany.com All Seeds For Planting: Forage, Turf, and Wildlife. Perennial and Annual. Call for information and available dealer in your area. Ely Family Partnership
979-219-2919 P.O. Box 177 Hearne, TX 77859 Family farming/ranching operation offering quality round or square bale hay on a year-round basis. Square bales baled w/ bale-band-it system grouping 21 bales in one bundle. Easy loading/handling. Fairlie Seed Company
903-886-2362 5383 FM 1563 Commerce, TX 75428 www.ballclover.com Ball Clover seed for sale. Cleaned,scarrified,innoculated crop. JB Farm and Ranch
512-630-1588
P.O. Box 341 Calvert, TX 77837 jbfarmandranch@yahoo.com Hay sales. Coastal and Jiggs Hay. Tifton soon. All hay is net wrapped, fertilized either pickup or delivery in the Brazos Valley area. Square bales by request and pre-order. Pre-ordered round bales picked in the field and quantity loads discounted. Lonestar Ag
979-220-3303 Bryan, TX 77807 msuehs@abceq.com Mobile vertical feed mixing service,mix round and large square bales with ddg,corn,minerals,limiters ,bovatec etc.For a Total Mixed Ration to meet your specific feeding need’s M&M Farm Supply
979-828-3516 168 Wheelock St. Franklin, TX 77856 lorenhelton@yahoo.com Complete farm/ranch supply store. Parker Seed
830-456-1869 12235 Hwy 87 W La Vernia, TX 78121 www.pkseed.com Specializing in Hay & Pasture Seed. Texas Forage Legumes: Clover, medic, vetch. Ryegrass, bermudagrass, wildlife, field seed. Producers Cooperative
979-778-6000 1800 North Texas Ave. Bryan, TX 77803 producerscooperative.com Producers Cooperative Association is one of the largest local agricultural supply cooperatives in the nation. The Association is member-owned by the farmers and ranchers of the Brazos Valley, but membership is not necessary to do business with us. We manufacture livestock feeds and offer a complete line of value-added products and services including fertilizer, seed, petroleum, agricultural supplies and lawn/ garden supplies. Wayne Berrier
936-348-5288 10155 Greenbriar Rd. Madisonville, TX 77864 dberrier@dpisd.org Hay production
Livestock Services 3JS Custom Hay & Dozer
512-253-6112
T H E B R YA N - C O L L E G E S TAT I O N E A G L E
2523 CR 103 Paige, TX 78654 For all your dozing needs. Tanks, Brush, Rootplowing, Fence Rows, hay baling & planting needs. Serving Lee and surrounding counties Bovine Elite, LLC
979-693-0388 3300 Longmire Drive College Station, TX 77845 bovine-elite.com Over 23 years of national & international bovine semen and embryo sales, AI and ET equipment sales, AI training, consultation to cattlemen worldwide. Brazos Valley Livestock Commission
979-778-0904 6097 East SH 21 Bryan , TX 77808 brazosvalleypat@yahoo.com Weekly livestock sales 12:00 noon Tuesdays Brushline Dozer Works
979-733-4342 P.O. Box 44 Columbus, TX 78934 brushlinedozerworks@hotmail.com Dozer Work & Trucking, Roads, Stock Ponds, Clearing, Pads, Demolition, Shredding, Sand, Gravel, Topsoil, Fill, Cattlegaurds, Culverts, Bridges, Fences, Entrances, Metal Buildings, Hay Bailing & Sales Buddy Micklitz
979-779-0420 P.O. BOX 1497 BRYAN, TX 77806 micklitz@verizon.net Residential-farm-ranch horse, barb wire, net wire, and field fencing. 8’Game fence, cable, wood and privacy fences. Pipe fence, custom pens and entrances. Posts drilled or driven. New construction or fence repair. Call 979.218.8674 For appointment. Caldwell Livestock Commission Co.
979-567-4119 P.O. Box 542 Caldwell, TX 77836 juliea1115@aol.com Cattle Sale every Wednesday at 1:00 pm Capps Cowboy Leatherwerx
936-348-4580 1174 Musgrove Road Normangee, TX 77871 Saddle Shop Fine Time Designs
979-204-4303 PO Box 11607 College Station, TX 77842 www.finetimedesigns.com Fine Time Designs, owned by Fiona Lockhart,’96, of College Station, Texas. A full service Graphic Design Company, specializing in advertising for the livestock industry. Print and Web Media, Livestock Photography, Sale Catalogs, and Sale Work. HR Leather Shop
936-355-8222 PO Box 1010 New Waverly, TX 77358 Saddle repair and custom made cowboy horse gear. Unique western gifts, rope baskets, picture frames, albums, chinks, chaps. MCB West Sharpening Service
979-567-9538 P. O. Box 210 Chriesman, TX 77838 HDoubleH@txcyber.com Clipper blade sharpening & clipper repair; also sharpening knives, scissors, planer knives, ice shaver blades, tools, etc. Convenient drop off points at Producers Coop in Bryan & Close Quarters Feed in Wellborn. Call for schedule or information. Rafter P Agriservices
979-777-7700 P.O. Box 4706 Bryan, TX 77805 rafterpaag@aol.com We are a farm and ranch services provider. A list of our services include: Disking Shredding No-till drill Hay baling (round and square) Grass sprigging Please feel free to call 979-777-7700. Thanks Rimrock Ultrasound
325-660-4730 3609 Elaine Dr. Bryan, TX 77808 www.rimrockcattle.com Carcass Ultrasound for seed stock, commercial (feedlot and replacement heifers) Switzer Auction Service
979-865-5468 P.O. Box 333 Bellville, TX 77418 www.switzerauction.net SwitzerAuction Services specializes in equipment, livestock, and real estate. Offering Bilingual auctioneering capabilities and currently licensed as an auctioneer in the states of Texas and Louisiana.
T H E B R YA N - C O L L E G E S TAT I O N E A G L E
Taylor Harris Insurance Services
979-774-4330 6811 Honeysuckle Lane Bryan, TX 77808 www.taylorharris.com Equine and Farm and Ranch Insurance. Mortality, Major Medical, Surgical, Liability, Care, Custody and Control TCR Genetics
361-946-1103 9545 Paula Dr. Corpus Christi, TX 78410 joepaschal@yahoo.com TCR Genetics is a full service AI company located in South Texas specializing in Bos indicus influenced breeds. Triple H Land & Cattle
713-294-6186 1058 Graham Rd Bellville, TX 77418 Ham_3862@sbcglobal.net Michael Ham. Second Home/Ranch Property Management ; fence building and maintenance, erosion control & maintenance, site prep, brush/land clearing TW Cattle Co
402-245-7076 P.O. box 186 Falls City, NE 68355 twitt@sentco.net Bonded livestock dealer Wes Hillin Trucking
254-366-3941 682 Coopers Crossing Rd China Spring, TX 76633 www.weshillintrucking.com Wes Hillin Trucking specializes in hauling cattle to, from and through the Central Texas area.
Ranches & Real Estate Funding Edge
210-249-2111 234 w. Bandera Rd. #313 Boerne, TX 78006 www.fundingedge.com Assist with Commercial Financing for land, ranches, farms and most commercial properties. Full doc and private money available. Farmer mac programs with competitive rates and terms available. Ingram Property Manangement
254-799-2932 2155 Buster Chatham Rd. Waco, TX 76705 gary_ngrm@yahoo.com
Ag D i r ec to ry
Kuper Ranch Sales
210-287-3776 1201 S. Main, Suite 101 Boerne, TX 78006 steven.bennett@sothebysrealty.com Welcome to Kuper Ranch Sales, Kuper Sotheby’s International Realty. Whether you’re looking for fertile agricultural land, prime hunting tracts, or simply a peaceful retreat from the city, we have the expertise to help you find the right property at the right price. Let us help you find your dream farm, ranch, or hunting property in the heart of Texas! Lone Star Ag Credit
214-668-9961 1612 Summit Ave. Fort Worth, TX 76102 www.lonestaragcredit.com Ranches PLUS Realty LLC
210-559-1675 PO Box 130 Falls City , TX 78113 gregg@RanchesPLUS.com Ranch Sales Commercial Investment properties Wildlife Management Rob Foster PE
281-359-9301 1710 Palomino Ln Kingwood, TX 77339 robfosterpe@aol.com For sale by owner- 235 Acres. FM Rd 1246, Thorton , TX Cattle pasture, two large tanks. $2450 per acre. Si Harris & Associates
936-523-0483 15008 St. Hwy 105-E Plantersville, TX 77363 www.siharrisandassociates.com We specialize in farms, ranches, acreage, residential development and commercial properties in Montgomery and Grimes County. If we don’’t have have the real estate you are needing, we can usually locate it very quickly.
Sheep & Goats Clay Creek Farm
254-593-4425 185 CR 409 Buckholts, TX 76518 bangc@vvm.com Boer Goats and Show Goats Foltin Farms
281-787-4347 22504 Roberts Cemetery Rd. Hockley, TX 77447 Boer - Kiko - Spanish Goats, Dorper - Barbado Sheep, Guardian Dogs,
Chickens, Beefmaster - Red Angus Cattle, grass-fed beef. Pittman Show Lambs
903-322-1277 11861 Hwy 75 N Buffalo, TX 75831 txbluho1@msn.com 26 years experience in raising show lambs. We raise club lambs to sell to 4-H and FFA members. We currently have babies born in April, 2010 for sale Rancho Volsa Basias
903-388-8528 278 F.M. 489 East Buffalo, TX 75831 clwyer@gmail.com We raise Boer and Boer X goats for the meat and show industries. Rojo Ranch
979-567-9895 Address: 305 CR 108 Caldwell, TX 77836 elliottsheepfarm@gmail.com Registered Katahdin sheep, grassbased genetics, consistent winners. Registered Akbash dogs for protecting livestock.
Working Dogs Enloe Ranch
936-396-2603 5588 Dawkins Rd Normangee , TX 77871 kenloe65@gmail.com Augie ( Toy Austrailian Shepherd X Corgi) puppies for sale. Hybrid Registration- National Designer Canine Registry. Rojo Ranch
979-567-9895 Address: 305 CR 108 Caldwell, TX 77836 elliottsheepfarm@gmail.com Registered Katahdin sheep, grassbased genetics, consistent winners. Registered Akbash dogs for protecting livestock. White’s Texas Aussies
903-389-7810 124 FCR 241 Oakwood, TX 75855 whitestxaussies@aol.com Australian Shepherds And Miniature Australian Shepherds AKC, ASCA & ASDR All colors & sizes 903-3897810 903-388-8238
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Steve Densmore, Cattle Mgr., (979) 450-0819, cell • s.densmore@bre.com Chris Duewall, Operations Mgr., (979) 777-6803, cell T H E B R YA N - C O L L E G E S TAT I O N E A G L E
News Herbarium, from Page 11 of a $500,000 grant from the National Science Foundation, that herbarium was moved from the main campus and incorporated into the Tracy Herbarium, which now is the third largest herbarium in Texas and 10th largest in the southern U.S., placing it in the top 5 percent of herbaria in the region. “We interact with researchers across the country, across the world, as well as researchers here at the university in many diverse fields of study such as ecology, weed management, endangered species, and soil and crop sciences,” Kruse said. “We provide identifications for plants they are working with to more effectively and efficiently execute Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter
their research.” Hatch said one such plant situation was the Cooperia pedunculata or rain lily. Dating back to the 1920s in Dewitt County, landowners had numerous, periodic poisoning problems. Livestock and deer that had white coloration or patches would develop festering sores and would temporarily go blind. It wasn’t until the 1980s when work by Hatch and Barron Rec-
tor, a Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service range specialist at College Station, narrowed down the cause. After extensive plant collections and observation, they initially determined the poisonings only happened immediately after rain events. Hatch and Rector were in a rancher’s pasture following such an event and noticed a profusion
See PRESERVE, Page 20
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Dale Kruse shows how specimen files are stored in specially designed cabinets in the S.M. Tracy Herbarium.
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The Land & Livestock Post
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December 2015 — Issue 2
13
News Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter
The NationalTurfgrass Evaluation Program was explained during the annual turfgrass field day at College Station by Dr. Casey Reynolds, a Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service turfgrass specialist, [National Turfgrass Evaluation Program] zoysiagrass trial comprised of 30 or so different varieties and compare them to each other based on quality, color, leaf texture, density, drought hardi-
Turfgrass, from Page 8 these [National Turfgrass Evaluation Program] trials is to evaluate new and emerging varieties for their performance in southern and southeastern transition zone environments,” Reynolds said. “So, what that means is we plant grasses such as zoysia-
grass, Bermuda grass, seashore paspalum and St. Augustine, because we know these species persist and do well in the southern United States and we evaluate them on an equal level.” Reynolds said the AgriLife Extension trials at both locations include approximately 100 grass varieties, and the College Station
ness, performance and pest incidence,” he said. The National Turfgrass Evaluation Program then takes that data from this location and data from throughout the U.S. at other cooperating universities and compiles it. “This way a producer or a customer or anyone who is interested in planting a new variety can look and see an independent
See COMPARE, Page 17
trials recently were featured at the Texas A&M AgriLife Turfgrass and Landscape Field Day. “We’ll take, for example, the
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December 2015 — Issue 2
The Land & Livestock Post
News Australian government scuttles sale of historic ranches ROD McGUIRK Associated Press
CANBERRA, Australia — A government ban on foreign investors buying a pioneering dynasty’s collection of cattle ranches has scuttled Australia’s biggest land sale, an official said recently. The government announced it had barred foreigners from buying S. Kidman & Co. Ltd. The family-owned company owns 10 cattle ranches, a bull breeding stud and a feed lot covering 101,411 square kilometers (39,155 square miles) in four Australian states. That’s an area bigger than South Korea and almost as big as the U.S. state of Virginia Don Manifold, a director of Ernst and Young who is managing the sale, said last month that the decision ruled out the few consortiums that remained in the bidding process. He declined to disclose the nationalities of those bids. Australia’s Foreign Investment Review Board, or FIRB, found that the sale to foreign investors would be contrary to the national interest. Kidman owns the world’s biggest cattle ranch, Anna Creek Station, which covers 23,677 square kilometers (9,142 square miles) of arid central Australia. Half of it is inside the 122,188 square kilometer (47,177 square mile) Defense Departmentcontrolled Woomera Prohibited Area, or WPA, the world’s largest rocket firing range. “The WPA weapons testing range makes a unique and sensitive contribution to Australia’s national defense and it is not unusual for governments to restrict access to sensitive areas on national security grounds,” Treasurer Scott Morrison said in a statement. “Given the size and significance of the total portfolio of Kidman properties along with the national security issues around access to the WPA, I have determined, after taking advice from
FIRB, that it would be contrary to Australia’s national interest for a foreign person to acquire S. Kidman and Co. in its current form,” he added. Morrison left open the possibility of the company being split up and partially sold to foreign interests without Anna Creek. But Manifold described the size consideration in the decision to ban foreign ownership as nebulous. “If it’s too big, then the question is how small does it have to be to work?” Manifold asked. The FIRB rarely intervenes in corporate sales. But increasing foreign ownership of Australian farmland has become a politically sensitive issue. Media speculated that the company would sell for more than 300 million Australian dollars ($210 million U.S.). At least one Chinese bidder was interested in buying the Adelaide-based company, which was founded by beef baron Sir Sidney Kidman in 1899 and is owned by his descendants. The Defense Department blocked two Chinese investments in mines on security grounds in 2009 because they were within the Woomera range. Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull talked down prospects of a Chinese government backlash over the foreign ownership ban. “You would be wrong to assume that there was only one foreign country associated with the buyers. So there’s no issue of discrimination here,” Turnbull told reporters while attending a summit in the Philippines. The Australian beef industry is emerging from years of low profitability due to drought and a high Australian dollar inflated by a mining boom that has now passed. Despite the size of Kidman’s land holdings, its ranches are largely semi-desert and carry only an average herd of 185,000 cattle, which is a fraction of a percent of the total Australian herd.
The Land & Livestock Post
Photo courtesy of www.realcommercial.com.au Cowboys work cattle on the Anna Creek Station, the world’s largest working cattle ranch and one of several ranches the Australian government barred from being sold to foreign owners.
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News Wet spring, fall prompts wheat planting issues in parts of Texas By Kay LedBetter Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service
COLLEGE STATION — Mother Nature planted a wheat crop, and now producers want to know if it has value. The short answer is “yes,” according to a Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service specialist. “Torrential spring rains destroyed or otherwise prevented wheat harvest in some areas last spring, primarily in the Blacklands region,” said Clark Neely, AgriLife Extension statewide small grains specialist in College Station. “This left a unique situation that is unfolding for many wheat producers across the state of Texas this fall.” The unharvested wheat last spring left a large seedbank in the soil, Neely said. Fields were abandoned or insured out, and drought set in for much of the summer months, allowing seed to sit dormant in the soil. Another round of intense and widespread rain at the end of October set the stage for a timely and uniform stand of volunteer wheat. “With wet conditions continuing through November, the excessive rain this fall has prevented a number of acres from being planted and leaving many producers wondering, ‘Will my volunteer wheat make a grain crop?’” Neely said the short answer is “yes it can” under the right conditions. But if not, replanting or spot seeding might need to be considered. Due to the timing of the rains in October, many volunteer wheat fields emerged close to the optimum planting window for wheat in the Blacklands and Central Texas, he said. Producers need to estimate their wheat stands and uniformity to determine if they have the potential to make a good crop, Neely said. The general recommendations for wheat stand establishment are 10-25 plants per square foot, though irrigated or high-rainfall environments favor the higher end of this range, he said. Yield generally will begin to decline below 10 plants per square foot, unless favorable weather conditions — a warm winter and/ or cool spring — allow for additional tillering. Stand counts above this range can lead to lodging, or falling flat on the ground. High rainfall and high fertility can exacerbate lodging problems, especially with thick stands in wheat. Straw strength also varies considerably among varieties.
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Neely said Fannin and Duster are two common varieties in Texas that are known to lodge more easily than other varieties, while varieties such as TAM 304 and WB Cedar are rated as very good or excellent for straw strength. “Some producers may consider a growth regulator in the spring to shorten internode length and overall crop height in hopes of reducing lodging potential,” he said. “While there is research showing that these products can shorten plant height under certain scenarios, results have been inconsistent on reduced lodging.” Another major consideration for growers should be disease observed in their wheat crop from the previous year, Neely said. Head smuts and bunts can survive in infected seed and infect the following year’s crop. “These diseases can multiply rapidly from one year to the next,” he said. “They are easily treated with seed treatments, but that is not possible with volunteer wheat.” Also, any viruses such as barley yellow dwarf and wheat streak mosaic virus present in the previous crop will be transmitted to the following crop via the seed, Neely said. These diseases can be devastating, and symptoms typically are worse the earlier a field is infected. “And finally, producers need to remember that volunteer wheat is uninsurable, which does provide additional risk for their farm,” he said. For planted wheat with unevenly emerged stands due to the weather or other factors, spot planting might be considered. Neely said while this decision often is not clear-cut, the best tool a producer has is to take stand counts and determine if stands are less than ideal. Generally, replanting is considered once stands are below 50 percent of the desired level in a given area. When planting on top of a thin stand, it is best to seed at a 45 degree angle to the original row direction, he said. Double disk openers are preferred over hoe drills as they do not destroy what remains of the original stand. When over-seeding on a previous stand with a double-disc opener, a 40 to 60 poundper-acre rate may be desirable, but rates should increase slightly with hoe drills, Neely said. This rate will need adjusting depending on the remaining stand and timing of the replanting.
Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service photo by David Graf
Uneven stands of wheat may prompt producers to replant or spot-seed into existing stands. When spot seeding or overseeding poor stands, an earlier maturing variety may be considered to compensate for planting later; however, it is difficult to align harvest timing of the two plantings and only works if the original variety was medium or later maturity, he said. In the case of delayed planting due to wet fields, Neely said producers may want to consider increased seeding rates or selecting an earlier maturing variety, although seed availability this late in the season may be limited. The general consensus is seeding rates should increase by 30-60 percent for late planting wheat, so a 60 pounds-per-acre rate under an ideal planting date would now be 78 to 96 pounds per acre for delayed planting, he said. Increased seeding rates are thought to compensate for reduced tillering in plants due to a shortened growing season. Neely said the majority of winter wheat planted for grain in the Rolling Plains and Blacklands is planted between midOctober and mid-November. Producers may want to consider increasing seeding rates after Dec. 1. The final planting date for individual coverage plans for insurance is Dec. 15 for the Rolling Plains and
December 2015 — Issue 2
Blacklands. Some examples of early maturing varieties include WB Cedar, Billings, TAM 401 and Fannin for hard red winter wheat, and AGS 2035, USG 3120, SY Cypress and LA 754 for soft red winter wheat, he said. “If planting is delayed into January, producers will need to seriously consider whether it is worth planting wheat,” Neely said. “Generally, winter wheat receives enough chilling hours to vernalize if planted on or before early January in the Blacklands or Rolling Plains.” He said, however, wheat planted in late January or later may not have enough cold to switch the plant over from vegetative to reproductive growth and prevent the formation of a seed head. In this case, spring wheat would be advised since it does not require vernalization. “In either case, yield potential is greatly reduced by planting that late into the season,” Neely said. For additional information on planting/ replanting decisions, refer to the AgriLife Extension publications “Wheat Replanting Considerations,” bit.ly/1Tahbt5 and “Stand Establishment of Small Grains and Annual Grasses for Grain and Winter Pastures,” bit.ly/1ObJIhL
The Land & Livestock Post
News Compare, from Page 14 source of data and use it to evaluate whether or not that grass is a good fit for their needs,� Reynolds said. “For instance, we may have a zoysia grass that may do great in terms of how it performs under drought, and next to it one that may look a little better, but the data tells us it may not perform as well under drought,� he said. The National Turfgrass Evaluation Program is a great way to organize all that data and compare varieties. That’s an important thing to understand when selecting a grass variety, Reynolds said, “because we all know in the southern United States drought is always an issue and will continue to be an issue. We certainly want to breed and select grasses that do well in hot, dry climates. During the turfgrass field day, Reynolds asked the clients at-
tending to place a flag in the plots that they thought looked the best. “It was interesting to see that a lot of the flags were placed in the same plots,� he said. “I personally like a grass that has dark color, that has finer leaf texture and that has good density.� Reynolds stood near two plots of grass with a big difference in texture, one rated four on texture and the other an eight. Looking at the data, he said, the eight is going to be a much nicer grass, “especially if you are on a golf course tee box, where texture is probably a bigger deal than if you are on a home lawn. “But if you are a landscaper comparing the two species and you look at the drought data, you might say, ‘I don’t care how fine the texture is if I can’t keep it alive, texture doesn’t matter.’ So your selection may change.� Reynolds said it is important not to get hung up on having the latest new variety.
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Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter Different textures of zoysiagrass fit different perceptions of what may look best on a lawn. “With the data we collect, we try to do it in a manner that is going to be reflective upon how people are going to view these grasses when they get to their home or their golf course or athletic field and whether it is going to fit into their environmental conditions.� Results of the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program trials at College Station and Dallas can be found at www.ntep.org/. Other information on turfgrass species and variety selection for Texas can be found at aggieturf. tamu.edu/texas-turfgrasses.
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December 2015 — Issue 2
17
News Photo by Robert Fears
A single dose of long-acting oxytetracycline is a most effective treatment in early stages of the disease.
Anaplasmosis, from Page 12 worked, that suggests Anaplasma was transferred from an infected animal to a susceptible one during handling. If an outbreak occurs at other times, new arrivals or increased stress should be considered as the disease source.”
Symptoms
Texas A&M AgriLife Extension publication B-5098, “Anaplasmosis in Beef Cattle,” states that the disease can be divided into four stages with associated symptoms. The incubation stage begins with the original infection and lasts until 1 percent of the animal’s red blood cells are affected. During this period, the animal remains healthy
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and shows no signs of being infected. Finally, after the parasite has reproduced many times and established itself in the red blood cells of the animal, the body attempts to destroy it. The average incubation stage ranges from three to eight weeks, but wide variations have been documented. During the development stage, which normally lasts from four to nine days, most of the characteristic signs of anaplasmosis appear. As the infected animal’s body destroys the parasite, red blood cells are destroyed as well and eventually the animal shows signs of clinical anemia. Body temperature commonly will rise from 104 to 107 degrees Fahrenheit and a rapid decrease in milk production will occur in lactating cows. “Cattle producers first notice the anemic, anaplasmosis-affected animal when it becomes weak and
See DISEASE, Page 19
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New Pipe
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Length: 8 ft Back: 26”/10” Width: 5”/4.5” Weight: 3260 lbs
December 2015 — Issue 2
The Land & Livestock Post
News
Photo by Robert Fears
Cattle that survive the disease lose weight, abort calves and recover slowly over a two- or three-month period.
Disease, from Page 18 lags behind the herd,” Jones said. “It refuses to eat or drink water. The skin becomes pale around the eyes and on the muzzle, lips, and teats. Later,
the animal may show constipation, excitement, rapid weight loss, and yellow tinged skin. The animal may fall or lie down and be unable to rise. Affected cattle either die or begin a recovery within a few days after the first signs of the disease.”
Lauderdale Aerial Spraying, LLC Kenneth Lauderdale Cell Phone: 979.255.1380 Office Phone: 979.535.8024 www.lauderdalespraying.com
According to the publication mentioned above, cattle that survive the clinical disease lose weight, abort calves and recover slowly over a two- or threemonth period. This is known as the convalescent stage, which lasts until normal blood values return. Convalescent is differentiated from the developmental stage by an increase in red blood cell production. Death losses normally occur during the late developmental stage or early convalescent stage. “All ages of cattle become infected with anaplasmosis, but illness severity increases with age,” Jones said. “Calves under 6 months of age seldom show enough signs to indicate that they are infected. Cattle from 6 months to 3 years of age become increasingly ill, and more deaths occur with advancing age. “Even when appropriately
treated, some cattle that recover from anaplasmosis remain reservoirs (carriers) of the disease for the rest of their lives,” Jones said. “During the carrier stage, an animal will not exhibit any clinical signs of the persistent low-level Anaplasma infection. Nevertheless, blood from these recovered animals will cause anaplasmosis if introduced into susceptible cattle.
“Carriers rarely become ill with anplasmosis a second time. Unidentified carriers in a herd are the most likely source of infection for future outbreaks of the disease.”
Prevention, treatment
Exercising good management practices helps prevent ana-
See PREVENT, Page 21
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December 2015 — Issue 2
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News Preserve , from Page 13 of blooms from the rain lily. They collected the plants and conducted a number of toxicological tests on the specimens. “We were really proud of ourselves that toxicology and biochemistry combined to solve the problem,” he said. “But in some further studies, there was no reaction to the plant, so we knew there was more to the problem.” Hatch said he knew of some fungal associations causing poisoning problems involving Stipa robusta or sleepy grass, so they further studied the plant to determine if fungal hyphae were present. With the aid of the Texas A&M Veterinary Toxicology Lab, they were able to piece together the puzzle and determined that fungal hyphae often invaded the plants and this combination of plant and fungus was the mechanism of poisoning. “So now they know in a year when there’s lots of moisture and high numbers of rain lily, the producers can move their animals to pastures with very little or none and cut way down on the losses of weight gains and things that affect their profits,” he said. Kruse and Hatch do a lot of identification of weeds or invasive plants people find in their pastures, crops, lawns and flowerbeds. The application of flowerbed mulch or use of hay from another part of the country can aid seeds from undesirable plants or “weeds” to be transported to new locations and establish themselves. “That’s when our job begins,”
ern U.S. and is fairly common in most lakes, Hatch said. “One day I got a call from people in Houston and they said, ‘We’ve got a problem, we have a plant we can’t identify,’” he said. Samples were sent to him and a researcher in Florida; both confirmed the plant was Salvinia molesta or giant water spangle, which grows six to 12 times larger than its smaller cousin. “So the time this plant required to cover a lake to reduce oxygen availability to plants and animals that are below the water level was much, much faster,” he said. “We started by tracking down how it got out. It was brought in by people buying aquarium plants at a school and when they got rid of the aquarium, they put the plants in the schoolyard goldfish pond. And then somebody liked these water spangles and took some home. “The next thing we knew, it was in some of our stock ponds. That’s when they got worried Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter
Reach over
Stephan Hatch sorts through specimens that have been sent to the S.M. Tracy Herbarium.
Kruse said. “Taking specimens often sent packaged between layers of newspaper or as images on the computer, we use various resources, including the existing herbarium specimens, to identify the plant and assist with determining its natural range and the potential as an invasive species.” Such was the case of a relative to the fern-like plant, Salvinia minima or water spangle, which grows on the surface of water bodies throughout the southeast-
about it because of how fast it reproduced and took over the pond,” Hatch said. “So once we made the identification, they began trying to figure out a way to effectively remove large portions of it from the water, because it affects all the animal life, particularly fish.” This type of identification, he said, is extremely important because invasive weeds can cause millions or billions of dollars in economic losses to state and local economies. Once an invasive species is established in a new habitat, eradication can be extremely difficult, if not impossible, Hatch said. Often it is not an issue of eradication, but rather ongoing management of the populations, which is a recurring expense to the landowner or a governmental agency. In addition, losses to hunting, fishing and other recreational uses of the state’s natural resources are negatively impacted.
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The Land & Livestock Post
News Prevent, from Page 19 plasmosis outbreaks. Learn the medical histories of animals before purchasing for herd additions to avoid introduction of Anaplasma carriers. Change vaccination needles often and disinfect processing equipment such as dehorners and castrating knives. “Control of biting insects, especially the large biting flies, can often be frustrating and is generally not a practical, reliable method for totally preventing transmission of anaplasmosis,” Jones said. “However, applications of insecticides that reduce the biting insect population will substantially reduce the number of clinical anaplasmosis cases occurring in a herd. Peri-
odic spraying and dipping, as well as forced use of dust bags and back rubbers, are common methods of insecticide application for beef cattle.” “Treatment of anaplasmosis is most effective if done in the early stage of the disease,” Whittier said. “A single dose of long-acting oxytetracycline (example is LA-200) is administered subcutaneously at nine milligrams per pound of body weight. “Blood transfusions are occasionally used. Animals in later stages of the disease may be so anemic that stress from handling will kill them. There is also evidence that antibiotics at this stage are not effective; therefore, for very weakened or belligerent cattle, antibiotic treat-
ment is not recommended. “All affected animals should be provided with easy access to food and water and a low-stress environment,” Whittier said. “It may take surviving animals up to three months to completely recover from the disease. Animals treated with a single dose of antibiotics and those not treated will both become carrier animals. Carrier animals can be cleared of anaplasmosis with repeated injections of long-acting oxytetracycline or prolonged feeding of chlortetracycline.” Contact your veterinarian if you suspect anaplasmosis on your ranch. This will allow a positive diagnosis of anaplasmosis to be made and the best course of treatment implemented.
Fire, from Page 9 Teplicek is optimistic as well and feels if enough soaking rain falls within a reasonable time that the forage recovery should be rapid. “Hopefully our frost will hold off so the new grass will be well-established before our first freeze hits here,” Teplicek said. “If rainfall keeps falling like it is, within two years it will be back to normal, I think. If it falls off on rainfall with below normal amounts, then it’s going to be pushing more like four or five years down the road.” Teplicek recommended waiting until the fall of 2016 before grazing if the current good conditions continue.
“I’d graze it next fall after the frost during the dormant season; hit your warm season grasses and your winter grasses down in the river bottoms and creek bottoms. Graze it just lightly; you don’t want to hit it too hard, then move on to your next pasture and let this burned area rest again and be ready for the third year.” Mabe said he’s had a lot of advice from various agencies and private consultants as to what to expect. “I think one person summed it up best when he said only nature is going to make this country heal back up, and I think that’s probably the best advice,” Mabe said. “It’s just going to take time and the right rainfall.”
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December 2015 — Issue 2
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Land & Livestock Post
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December 2015 — Issue 2
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December 2015 — Issue 2
The Land & Livestock Post