Land and Livestock Post

August 2015 — Issue 1

Bull market

Making sure your new bull is ready to go PAGE 12

PRSRT STD US POSTAGE PAID BRYAN, TX 77802 PERMIT # 23

LIGHT ‘EM UP!

FEELING SHEEPISH

PAGE 3

PAGE 10

ENSURING FOOD SAFETY

RUNNING WILD

PAGE 4

PAGE 19

The best time to control mesquite through a burn.

Salmonella study maya lead to better food.

Vet’s Voice looks at sheep, goat parasite control.

Alabama burglary suspect chased by a bull.

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August 2015 — Issue 1

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The Land & Livestock Post

News From the General Manager

D

uring the school year, I usually take our kids to day care. My wife is a teacher and has to be at her school pretty early each day, so it is nearly impossible for her to take the kids across town, drop them off and then get to work on time. Their day care is fairly close to my office, and I really enjoy my kids in the morning, so it works out perfectly for me to take them.

But, right now it is summer, JESSE WRIGHT and without any classes to teach, my wife graciously volunteers to take the kids to day care. This allows me a few more minutes of precious sleep each day.

At the start of the summer, it wasn’t a big deal. I’d usually go ahead and get up when the kids did and wind up being about a half hour early to work. As the summer progressed, so did my use of the snooze button. I was about 15 minutes late one recent

Published by Bryan-College Station Communications, Inc. (979) 776-4444 or (800) 299-7355

President - Crystal Dupré .....................................................Ext. 4613 Publisher and Editor- Kelly Brown.........................................Ext. 4656 Advertising Director - Jeff Smith ......................................... Ext. 4740 Advertising Sales/General Manager - Jesse Wright ...............Ext. 4721 Financial Director - Rod Armstrong .......................................Ext. 4605 Production Director - Mark Manning.....................................Ext. 4671

day. It’s going to be a literal and metaphorical rude awakening when I have to go back to taking the kids again.

I’ve considered weaning myself off the snooze button so it won’t be so difficult once the school year starts.

It’s the same sort of consideration I’ve given to jogging, eating salads and learning to play the piano. I figure as long as I can get both kids out the door without spilling hot coffee on them, then I’ll gradually get back to where I’m just barely late to work.

When it comes to buying a bull, you want them to be ready when you are. Range ready bulls are an option that producers can take advantage of to ensure that their bull is ready to go to work when they need to. In our cover story we go over the importance of range ready bulls and go into detail by taking a look at a couple of operations that offer them.

We also have news and updates from around the industry as well as information about upcoming events and programs that you may want to take advantage of. Also, if you happen to be at the Beef Cattle Short Course, be sure to stop by the Land & Livestock Post booth — just maybe not first thing in the morning, I may still be hitting the snooze button.

Hope you enjoy this issue and, as always, thanks for reading. ’Til next time,

Circulation Director - Greg Parker ........................................Ext. 4752

Published by Bryan-College Station Communications, Inc., P.O. Box 3000, Bryan,Texas 77805.

E-mail: thepost@theeagle.com All offices are located at 1729 Briarcrest Drive Bryan,Texas 77802.

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to The Eagle, P.O. Box 3000, Bryan,Texas 77805-3000 The Post is printed in part on recycled paper and is fully recyclable.

• For more information about content or advertising, contact Jesse Wright at jesse.wright@theeagle. com.

The Land & Livestock Post

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Aiming fire at seedlings may be the key to rangeland mesquite control

By Kay LedBetter Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

VERNON — Fire must be managed effectively to get the best control of mesquite seedlings, a Texas A&M AgriLife Research rangeland ecologist said.

Jim Ansley of Vernon recently published study results in the Rangeland Ecology and Management journal that indicate both season and intensity are important factors in the mitigation of mesquite seedlings by fire.

“We know adult mesquite trees are fire resistant because they resprout following a fire,” Ansley said. “We have determined that range managers might have a

See SEEDLINGS, Page 15

Texas A&M AgriLife Research photo by Jim Ansley

Flames engulf the approximate 10 foot tall measuring poles during a March tall-grass fire on Jim Ansley’s seedling plots.

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August 2015 — Issue 1

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News Holladay & Associates, Inc. Bryan Credit Office 3000 Briarcrest Ste 101 979.775.0404 | 877.775.0404 CapitalFarm Credit.com

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A study examining the presence of salmonella in beef cattle feedyards was the focus of a series of studies by Texas A&M AgriLife Research scientists and faculty in the department of animal science at Texas A&M University, College Station.

Texas A&M AgriLife researchers investigate salmonella in Texas

By Blair Fannin Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

COLLEGE STATION — A study examining the presence of salmonella in beef cattle feedyards was the focus of a series of studies by Texas A&M AgriLife Research scientists and faculty in the department of animal science at Texas A&M University in College Station. The findings could help develop new pre-harvest food safety interventions in providing safe, wholesome food for consumers.

AgriLife Research scientists Jason Gill, Matt Taylor and other professors are researching bacteriophages, or phages, which are viruses that act as predators to bacteria, for use as food safety interventions.

Both Gill and Taylor gave seminars recently to depart-

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mental faculty and graduate students on the findings from projects sponsored by the Beef Checkoff and Texas Beef Council. Taylor described the recovery and identification of salmonella serovars from feedlot environmental samples, while Gill gave an overview of the presence and types of phages recovered from these samples.

Taylor and researchers looked to identify the serotypes of salmonella from environmental samples taken from a select group of feedlots in South Texas previously identified by study collaborators Kerri Gehring, Jeffrey Savell and Ashley Arnold, all of College Station, to bear differing rates of salmonella presence in the lymph nodes of cattle at harvest.

The work was published in the

See SALMONELLA, Page 9

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jesse.wright@theeagle.com August 2015 — Issue 1

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The Land & Livestock Post

News

Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service photo by Robert Burns

Hay stocks may be up, but nutritional quality is down, which makes growing winter forages a good way to reduce winter feeding costs.

Pasture production training set Aug. 14

By RoBeRt BuRns Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

OVERTON — East Texans have made a lot of hay so far this year, but because rains delayed harvesting, fertilization and her-

bicide treatments, much of it may be of low quality, according to a Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service agronomist.

“That’s why it’s as important as ever to be able to produce high-

See TRAINING, Page 8

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The Land & Livestock Post

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August 2015 — Issue 1

1415 East OSR • Bryan, Texas 77808 Office: (979) 776-5760 • Fax: (979) 776-4818 Website: www.circlexbrangus.com Steve Densmore, Cattle Mgr., (979) 450-0819, cell • (979) 778-1055, home Chris Duewall, Operations Mgr., (979) 777-6803, cell

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News Prescribed burn training set Aug. 6-8 in Sonora Special to The Post

SONORA — The Academy for Ranch Management is offering a basic prescribed burning workshop Aug. 6-8 at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Station at Sonora, located on Texas 55 between Sonora and Rocksprings.

The course will focus on the benefits of prescribed burning and the basics of planning and carrying out a prescribed burn, said Ray Hinnant, a Texas A&M AgriLife Research senior research associate in College Station.

This workshop will provide information on weather concerns, fuels and fuel moisture, and equipment used on a burn, he said. Developing a burn plan and coordinating a burn will be discussed, and a demonstration burn will be conducted if possible.

The workshop is the first half of the Texas Prescribed Burn Board-approved course required for Certified and Insured Prescribed Burn Manager licenses by the Texas Department of Agriculture, Hinnant said.

Individual registration is $395 for the workshop, plus a $45 facilities-use fee due upon arrival.

Persons interested in attending should go to agrilife.org/arm/ for a registration form. For more information, call Hinnant at 979820-1778 or Jeanne Andreski at 979-862-2128.

The Academy for Ranch Management has been providing annual prescribed burn training since 2001.

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August 2015 — Issue 1

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The Land & Livestock Post

News

Photo courtesy of The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation

A bermudagrass pasture infested with woolly croton.

Summer weeds can be controlled

By James Locke The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation

We usually think of pasture weed management as a springtime activity, and rightly so. If

early-season weeds are not controlled, they will compete with desirable forages for space, nutrients, moisture and sunlight.

Many of our common pasture

See WEEDS, Page 11

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The Land & Livestock Post

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August 2015 — Issue 1

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News Training, from Page 5 quality winter forages this year,” said Vanessa Corriher-Olson, AgriLife Extension forage specialist in Overton.

Corriher-Olson and her colleague, Jason Banta, AgriLife Extension beef cattle specialist in Overton, will conduct a training, “Winter Pastures for Central and East Texas,” on Aug. 14.

The training will be from 9:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Overton.

Registration for the program is $60 before Aug. 5 and $75 before Aug. 11, after which registration will be closed. Registration includes lunch and program materials. Register online by going to agriliferegister.tamu.edu, entering “pasture” in the search window, or call Extension Conference Services at 979-845-2604.

Corriher-Olson said the program will address issues people commonly have about establishing winter pastures: • Cool-season forages and variety selection.

• Monthly and seasonal forage

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• U.S. Department of Agriculture Internet soil survey demonstration.

• Establishment and fertilization.

• Grazing and utilization strategies.

• Impact of cool-season annuals on warm-season perennials.

• Appropriate mineral supplementation.

• Armyworms and other coolseason forage insects.

• Estimated costs of establishment.

Banta said time will be allotted for a question-and-answer session after the presentations.

The program will offer two continuing education units to Texas Department of Agriculture private pesticide applicator license holders: one in the integrated pest management category and one in general.

Maps and driving directions to the Overton center can be found at overton.tamu.edu, clicking on “Center Information” on the left panel.

For more information, call Michelle Sensing at 903-834-6191.

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August 2015 — Issue 1

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The Land & Livestock Post

News Salmonella, from Page 4 Journal of Food Protection. The researchers recovered no detectable salmonella from superficial cervical lymph nodes from cattle in one feedlot, while cattle sourced from feedlot B yielded 100 percent positive salmonella detection from cervical lymph nodes at harvest.

“These results led the research team to question what factors contributed to such dramatic differences in the presence of salmonella in cattle lymph nodes coming from these feedlots from within the same geographic region,” Taylor said.

Gill suggested phages might actively be suppressing the indigenous salmonella in the one feedlot, while the other feedlot lacked phages capable of controlling salmonella populations.

The researchers in the current study, including graduate animal science research assistant Yicheng Xie, collected samples from feces, feed, drinking water and soil in pens.

“Those samples were processed in the Food Microbiology Laboratory and Texas A&M Center for Food Safety where salmonella was positively identified,” Taylor said.

Taylor said the laboratory work utilized equipment from Roka Bioscience Inc.’s Atlas System at the Texas A&M Center for Food Safety in College Station. More information about the Atlas System technology and the collaboration between Roka Bioscience and Texas A&M can be found at bit.ly/1BUIUUX. Of all the samples, 85 percent of recovered salmonellae were collected from a single feedlot, with the remainder from a second feedlot. None were recovered from the feedlot previously testing negative for salmonella in lymph nodes of sourced cattle during harvest. In a comparison of culture plus biochemicalbased detection of salmonella versus the Atlas System, test results yielded only one disagreement, where the single discrepant result was between an Atlas negative and a culture positive.

From a set of 38 isolates representative of salmonella–posi-

tive samples, Salmonella Anatum was the most frequently recovered serotype, according to the researchers. Salmonella Montevideo, Muenchen, Altona, Kralingen and Kentucky also were recovered. These results are similar to those from other researchers around the U.S. also researching the transmission of salmonella in beef via lymph node carriage.

“Interestingly, recovered salmonellae did not display resistance to multiple types of antibiotic drugs, though resistance to streptomycin was frequently observed, as well as sporadic resistance to other drugs, including gentamicin sulfisoxazole,” Taylor said. “Eighteen different phage isolates were recovered from the feedlot samples, some with lytic activity against a diverse set of salmonella serovars.”

These data recently were presented at the 2015 Beef Industry Safety Summit meeting in Dallas and the Texas Association for Food Protection meeting in Austin.

“One opportunity from the current data may be to develop new pre-harvest food safety interventions that reduce the numbers of salmonella on cattle hides at harvest by combining salmonella-attacking phages together to kill any salmonella on the animal prior to harvest, Taylor said. “Such interventions already exist for some pathogenic E. coli, such as E. coli O157:H7.

“While such an intervention for salmonella would be unable to attack all serotypes of the pathogen, interventions could be designed that work to reduce the serotypes of salmonella most frequently recovered from cattle, or rather those serotypes most frequently associated with human disease on fresh beef products.

This would benefit not only Texas but also U.S. cattle producers and the beef industry in providing a safe, wholesome food for consumers.”

The Land & Livestock Post

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August 2015 — Issue 1

1-800-750-9608

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9

News

Good parasite control is critical in sheep and goats

By DR. PHILIPPA GIBBONS Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital

It is not just the livestock and the grass that have been growing this spring in response to the un-Texas like rains.

Parasites have been a major cause of death and disease in our small ruminants (sheep and goats) this summer. The two most common parasites in our region are the barber pole worm (Haemonchus contortus) that sucks blood, and Trichostrongylus or Telodorsagia worms that cause diarrhea.

Both types of worms cause weight loss and poor production in a herd or flock. The adult worms live in the stomach and the larvae live on the grass.

It takes 21 days for larvae eaten by a sheep or goat to develop into adults and start laying eggs that pass out in the feces. The time it takes for larvae to develop from the eggs and crawl up the grass to about 2 inches (the maximum height that they reach) depends on the weather.

Warm wet weather is preferred by the larvae as they use a dew drop to retain moisture during the warm part of the day.

There are only three major groups of anthelmintics (or dewormers) available to kill the worms. Historically, it was recommended that frequent deworming (every month) and rotating dewormers would kill more worms, and prevent dewormer resistance. Unfortunately, this is not the case.

Every time we use a dewormer, at most it only kills 95 percent of the worms. This means that 5 percent of the worms are resistant to that dewormer. If the same dewormer is used frequently it does not take very long for the worm population to have enough resistance that the dewormer no longer is effective.

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Vet’s Voice

Rotating dewormers causes resistance to develop in all of the products used in the same amount of time.

So how do we prevent resistance from developing? The current recommendations are to practice sustainable parasite management. This takes the emphasis away from routine deworming and instead relies on monitoring for worms in the animals themselves. We can monitor for parasites by performing FAMACHA (FAffa MAlan CHArt) scoring, body condition scoring or weighing, fecal egg counts and monitoring fecal consistency.

The goal is to identify those individual animals that are mildly parasitized and treat them before there are major production losses or deaths, and not treat those animals that do not have a high parasitic load. By not treating all animals with dewormer, the sheep and goats that are not treated dilute out any resistant worms on the pasture with susceptible worms. FAMACHA scoring was developed to monitor the level of anemia of sheep with Haemonchus worms. It involves examining the inner eyelid color and comparing it to a standardized chart.

Other aspects of sustainable parasite control include improving the herd or flock genetics by culling highly susceptible animals (those that need deworming frequently), pasture rotation, good nutrition and using the correct dosage of

the dewormers.

It is important to remember that goats need different dosages of dewormers than cattle and sheep, and all dewormers should be given orally.

Pour ons and injectables do not result in effective levels of the dewormer and increase the likelihood of resistance development.

More information regarding sustainable control of parasites can be obtained from your veterinarian and the American Consortium of Small Ruminant Parasite Control website www. acsrpc.org.

The Brazos Valley Small Ruminant Committee is hosting a Sustainable Parasite Control Workshop and FAMACHA

Photo courtesy of Purdue University

The barber pole worm,Haemonchus contortus,is a common parasite in sheep and goats.

training in conjunction with the Texas A&M Large Animal Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at at 10 a.m. Aug. 22 at the Large Animal Hospital.

Please visit the Brazos Valley Small Ruminant Committee’s

Facebook page for more information or contact Emily Besser at the Brazos County Extension office (979-823-0129; ejbesser@ ag.tamu.edu).

Pre-registration is required and spaces are limited.

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August 2015 — Issue 1

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The Land & Livestock Post

News WEEDS, from Page 7 weeds are warm-season species that germinate early in the season, and early management can often provide season-long control. If, for some reason, these early season weeds are not managed, the options are limited. Often, they are too large to cost-effectively control with herbicides, and even if we did, they already have caused yield and quality losses. Although mowing pastures is discouraged, in some situations it can be used to remove top growth, allow forage grasses to regrow and improve livestock access to the new growth. Before mowing a pasture, make sure that mowing the weeds is worth more than the value of the forage that will be cut down with them.

While most weeds germinate in the spring, some will germinate later in the growing season

and will not be present when springtime herbicides are applied. There are also perennial weeds that are controlled better by late-season herbicide applications. While there are many weeds that can cause summer and late-season problems, the following are a few that I get the most calls about. For other weed species or general management considerations, there are numerous Noble Foundation and extension publications available.

Woolly croton (doveweed, goatweed) is a warm-season annual with erect growth form and is covered with dense hairs. Its seeds are excellent food for a variety of birds, so if dove or quail are a priority, consider that before controlling woolly croton. It relatively is easy to control with a wide range of herbicides. When

See CONTROL, Page 13

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August 2015 — Issue 1

11

News

Good to go

Forage tested, range ready bulls

I

By RoBeRt FeaRs Special to The Post

t’s no secret that having the right bulls for your herd is critical for a successful operation. What may not be as obvious is how to ensure you make the right selection.

To obtain optimum performance from herd bulls, it is important to select sires that will fit the ranch environment and management system. If you pay a large amount of money for a breeding-age bull, you want him to arrive at the ranch ready for work. The bull needs to adapt quickly to your type of forage, terrain and climate. Understanding the significance of environmental adaptation, many breeders are developing and marketing range ready bulls.

Purchasing a good bull requires a large capital investment, so it is important to know what you are buying. Do the necessary research to determine if the prospect bull has a high probability of performing as expected. Ask the producer how the bull was raised to determine if the animal is range ready or an adaptation period will be required.

If the bull is in a dry lot and has been fed grain, then he is not range ready.

“Type of feed eaten by cattle determines the kind of microbe populations that develop in the rumen,” said Rick Machen of the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. “Different rumen microbes digest only specific types of feed.

Rapid diet changes cull the microbes that are intolerant to the new feed, leaving a small population of tolerant bugs.

“To avoid digestion problems with the ruminant, diets must be changed gradually to give the new microbes time to build an adequate sized population,” Machen said.

A bull that is not range ready will need to be transitioned slowly from his

12

Photo by Robert Fears

Bulls on the Oak Creek Farms near Chappell Hill are raised to be range ready. John and Carolyn Kopycinski started the operation in 1967. They are seed stock producers of more than 700 registered Brangus, Red Brangus,Angus and Red Angus cattle plus being forward integrated into the retail beef business through their family owned restaurant: Chappell Hill Bakery, Deli and Barbeque.

On the cover: Range ready bulls need to adapt quickly to the type of forage, terrain and climate of their new home. Photo courtesy of Oklahoma State University. customary feed ration to a total forage diet. The transition period may take 21 to 28 days or there is a chance that a bull never will adapt to range conditions.

Range ready bulls can be developed successfully through various methods as shown by the following two examples:

Oak Creek Farms

Producing range ready bulls is the

primary objective at Oak Creek Farms near Chappell Hill. The grass based beef operation is owned by John Kopycinski and his wife, Carolyn; they started the operation in 1967. They are seed stock producers of more than 700 registered Brangus, Red Brangus, Angus and Red Angus cattle plus being forward integrated into the retail beef business through their family owned restaurant:

August 2015 — Issue 1

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Chappell Hill Bakery, Deli and Barbeque.

“I try to take full advantage of available technology such as DNA and ultrasound testing to fine tune my breeding programs, but at the same time I don’t believe in fighting Mother Nature when raising beef cattle,” John Kopycinski

See BULLS, Page 16

The Land & Livestock Post

News Control, from Page 11 it is less than 4 inches tall, 2,4-D does a very good job at a low cost.

If allowed to get larger than 4 inches, Weedmaster, GrazonNext and Grazon P+D all do a good job.

Woolly croton is a problem because much of it germinates after spring herbicide treatments have been made, and it can have multiple flushes during the season.

If this is the primary weed species in a pasture, it may require multiple herbicide applications for season-long control.

Carolina horsenettle and silverleaf nightshade are both warm-season perennials with sharp spines on their stems and leaves. Reasonably good control can be obtained with GrazonNext, Grazon P+D, Cimarron Max or Weedmaster applied from full bloom through fruiting.

Grassbur, or sandbur, is a warm-season annual or shortlived perennial grass that produces seed capsules armed with

sharp thorns. The only herbicides labelled for use during the growing season in pastures are Pastora and Panoramic. Pastora provides good control of grassbur seedlings, but they must be less than or equal to 1.5 inches tall and spray coverage must be adequate. Panoramic provides very good control but has a high risk of serious grass injury. Like woolly croton, grassbur can have multiple flushes from late spring through the fall and may require more than one application. For more information on grassbur control, see the publication Sandbur Control in Bermudagrass Pastures and Hay Fields on our website.

For any of these herbicide options, ensure that the weeds are growing actively and not stressed due to drought, insect pressure, etc., at application. Also, refer to the herbicide label for specific application instructions, rates,

SUMMER, from Page 19

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www.autoeasyfeeder.com The Land & Livestock Post

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August 2015 — Issue 1

13

Over 400 First-Calf Heifer Pairs At the “Cattleman’s Opportunityâ€? Replacement Female Sale Saturday • September 5, 2015 • 12:00 noon Nixon Livestock Commission • Nixon, Texas (3 miles east of Nixon on Hwy. 87) Our unique group of cattlemen are dedicated to supplying the best in replacement females, backed by our reputation and guarantee.

Kallion Farms Consignments will include Open, Exposed and Bred Reg. Brahman Heifers.

140 - True F1 first calf heifer pairs with calves by Angus bulls. Always a sale favorite coming off two of our South Texas ranches.

125 - Brangus first calf heifer pairs with calves by Angus bulls. All of these heifers have been through our development program. Very gentle and will fit perfectly for a fall calving program.

100 - South Texas X-bred first calf heifer pairs. Great set of calves at side and have been running back with horned Hereford bulls. A real set of cow makers.

45 - Second calf Tiger Stripe cows long bred to Angus bulls. All true Fall calvers. Young cows like these are almost impossible to find anywhere.

80 - First and second calf Hereford cows with (40) calves by Angus and Hereford bulls. Balance will be long bred.

35 - Med. to long bred first calf Brahman heifers.

Gentle and handle very well horseback and with feed truck. Heifers are bred to horned Hereford bulls.

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75 - Med. to long bred True F1 first calf Tiger Stripe heifers bred to low birth weight Angus bulls. These are the running mates to our F1 pairs in the sale bred to the same bulls.

140 - First calf Brangus heifers med. to long bred to low birth weight Angus bulls. These heifers are coming from three of our repeat consignors who always bring good cattle.

50 - First calf South Texas cow makers. Med. to long bred to low birth weight Angus bulls. All of these heifers are showing at least ½ Brahman influence.

OPEN HEIFERS 75 - Open commercial Brahman heifers. Most of these heifers are sired by Kallion Farms Brahman bulls out of our most prolific breeding Brahman cows.

120 - True F1 Tiger Stripe and Brown white face open heifers out of Brahman cows and Hereford bulls.

Fancy as you can find anywhere.

40 – Brangus and Brangus Baldy heifers selling open and ready for bulls.

Visit our website for more information, consignment detail and photos.

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Â?

News Seedlings, from Page 3 greater success of mesquite control with fire if their efforts are aimed at the seedlings.”

In the study, mesquite seeds were planted in mid-grass and tall-grass plots in the spring and then burned in the winter at 10 or 22 months seedling age or in late summer when they were 17 months old.

He said summer fires especially were effective in the mid-grass fuels and yielded a higher death rate when the seedlings were 17 months old than did earlier winter fires when seedlings were 10 months old.

Ansley said, however, this same advantage of summer over winter fires is not seen in higher fuel load areas, such as those with tall-grass types. In that case, both seasons had a high death rate of trees after fire.

The air temperature, of course, was higher during summer fires, and this greatly increased fireline intensity on the mid-grass plots, but only slightly increased intensity on the tall-grass plots, he said.

Grass fuel amounts were similar for both winter and summer fires in the mid-

grass plots, about 1,700 pounds per acre, and slightly higher in summer than winter in the tall-grass plots, 6,900 versus 5,950 pounds per acre.

“One of the most important conclusions was that there was a very close positive relationship between fireline intensity and seedling mortality, especially in winter fires,” Ansley said. “So, conditions that yield high fire intensity such as higher fuel loads or summer burning will have the greatest effect on seedling mortality.”

Summer fire in lower-grass fuel amounts may accomplish the same level of mesquite seedling mortality without the need for lengthy grazing deferral to accumulate sufficient grass fuel needed for a successful winter fire, he said.

The published paper shows a common scenario for controlling mesquite seedlings with fire. Typically, a drought year followed by a wet spring accelerates mesquite seed germination, Ansley said.

If the pasture remains ungrazed or lightly grazed, this would create the highest probability for a natural fire to occur within five to 20 months after mesquite seedling emergence.

“This is probably how mesquite was

kept in check naturally before Europeans settled the region,” he said. “The introduction of cattle and fire suppression disrupted this natural cycle and mesquite populations exploded.”

Ansley said his results show a prescribed fire applied during this period, either in winter around February at about 10 months seedling age or Texas A&M AgriLife Research photo by Jim Ansley in late summer at about The approximately 10-foot-tall measuring poles show the height of the flames 17 months age, reduced of a winter fire on a mid-grass fuel mesquite seedling plot. the number of surviving mesquite seedlings by 35-80 percent cumulation obviously would reduce the in mid-grass and more than 75 percent in probability of higher fireline intensities tall-grass stands. Mortality in winter fires during the brief window of time when in the mid-grass fuel type was never more seedlings would be vulnerable to a prescribed fire, Ansley said. than 35 percent, however.

Certainly, he said, more research is “So you need either higher fuel or a summer fire to really be effective,” Ans- needed to explore this critical window of mesquite seedling vulnerability. ley said.

To see the full results of Ansley’s study, Any removal of grass by livestock grazing during this period of high grass ac- go to bit.ly/1H4vl7y.

Sep. 14 - Jordan Cattle Auction Special Stocker & Feeder Sale, Mason, TX

ollow us on

Events Calendar August

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Aug. 15 - Mid Coast Santa Gertrudis Sale, Brenham, TX Aug. 17 - Jordan Cattle Auction Special Stocker & Feeder Sale, Mason, TX Aug. 22 - Jordan Cattle Auction Early Fall Replacement Female Sale, San Saba, TX September Sep. 3 - Jordan Cattle Auction StockerFeeder & Premium Weaned Sale, San Saba, TX Sep. 5 - South Texas Cattle Marketing Replacement Female Sale, Nixon, TX

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Sep. 12 - 4-States Limousin Sale, Mt. Pleasant, TX

August 2015 — Issue 1

Sep. 16 - NETBIO Special PreConditioned Weaned Calves & Yearling Sale, Sulphur Springs, TX Sep. 18 - Nunley Bros Commercial Female Sale, Sabinal, TX Sep. 19 - Jordan Cattle Auction Fall Replacement Female Sale, San Saba, TX Sep. 24 - Jordan Cattle Auction Special Stocker & Feeder Sale, San Saba, TX Sep. 26 - Live Oak Beefmaster Fall Sale, Three Rivers, TX Do you have a sale or event you’d like listed?

Call Jesse Wright at (979) 731-4721 or email jesse. wright@theeagle.com

15

News BULLS: Have

to be ready to to perform from Day 1 said. “In order to stay on the ranch, my cows must calve every year in our hot humid climate without problems and then be able to raise their calves in the pasture without supplements.

“To wean a calf, a cow has to provide an ample supply of milk plus have the ability to fight off predators such as coyotes, bobcats and Mexican buzzards.”

Oak Creek cows are palpated annually after being exposed to a bull. Dry cows are culled at this time and others are culled later if they lose a calf for any reason. Animals that show tendencies for aggressiveness also are culled.

Kopycinski does not give his cattle growth hormones and if they need an antibiotic, they are culled. Survival of the fittest and the ability to produce on forages are a huge part of the selection process.

“Culling up to 25 percent of the herd each year is the result of a stringent selection parameter,” Kopycinski said. “Bull calves that do not meet the cut for seedstock are castrated and marketed as grass-fed beef through the restaurant.”

“Our goal is to produce forage efficient, medium framed, easy fleshing cattle with good carcass traits,” Kopycinski said.

“We DNA test our bulls and calculate [Expected Progeny Differences] for approximately 16 different traits. Of particular interest to us are feed efficiency, marbling and tenderness.

“Carcass traits of Oak Creek Farms’ bulls are also analyzed by ultrasound.”

Rutherford Ranch

The Rutherford Ranch at Buda, owned by Mike and Flor-

16

ence Rutherford, produces registered Angus bulls as part of its operation. Calves are raised on pasture without creep feed and weaned at 205 days old (approximately seven months).

After weaning, the bull calves are shipped to a feedlot in Kansas where they are developed on a high roughage diet. They are fed for 120 days and then shipped back to the ranch where they are developed further on pasture. They are offered for sale about 14 to 15 months old.

“Our bulls have to be range ready when sold, because most of our customers don’t purchase a bull until they need one,” said Kevin Gallagher, general manager of Rutherford Ranch. “And they buy it just before breeding season to avoid any extra feed costs.”

“We ensure our bulls are range ready through use of strict culling criteria at weaning and again when they become yearlings,” Gallagher said. “Our bulls are performance tested which includes structural soundness, scrotal circumference, and libido evaluations. Semen quality is examined in fertility testing and [Expected Progeny Differences] are calculated for various production, maternal, carcass and dollar value traits.

“Additional carcass data are obtained with ultrasound. Our bulls are also tested in the Zoetis HD 50K program which is a genetic mapping process. We know a lot about our bulls and how they will perform by the time they are sold.”

Even though the two ranches use different approaches to developing bulls, they both sell herd sires that are adapted to a forage diet and are ready to breed cows upon delivery.

The two ranches maintain closed herds and utilize line breeding. This breeding system involves the breeding of fairly closely related animals.

Through carefully planned

Above: Purchasing a good bull requires a large capital investment,so it is important to know what you are buying.

Photo courtesy of Rutherford Ranch Left, a bull is ready to be sold at a 2014 sale. Below left, John Kopycinski is owner of Oak Creek Farms near Chappell Hill; Nestor Garcia is his employee.

Photos by Robert Fears

mating, line breeding elevates the influence of ranch genetics.

To avoid inbreeding (mating of very closely related animals), new genetics are introduced into the herd through artificial insemination. Line bred cattle produce consistent offspring with hybrid vigor. When these offspring are outcrossed by commercial bull buyers the hybrid vigor is maximized.

Another important characteristic of range ready bulls is that they are healthy. Oak Creek Farms and Rutherford Ranch employ vaccination programs that help protect their cattle against the common bacteria- and virus-caused diseases. Closed herds and internal parasite control also promote good animal health.

Investment in range ready bulls can provide quick returns because adaption periods are minimal.

August 2015 — Issue 1

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The Land & Livestock Post

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News LIVESTOCK MARKET REPORT Brazos Valley

$2,800.

Results of the Brazos Valley Livestock Commission’s July 14 sale: Head: 844 Steers: 200-300 lbs., $320-$385; 300-400 lbs., $275-$350; 400-500 lbs., $240-$290; 500-600 lbs., $215-$260; 600-700 lbs., $207$226; 700-800 lbs., $203-$213.

Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $280$335; 300-400 lbs., $250-$300; 400-500 lbs., $220-$270; 500600 lbs., $205-$240; 600-700 lbs., $185-$217; 700-800 lbs., $190-$201.

Slaughter bulls: $115-$140.

Slaughter cows: $90-$120.

Bred cows: $1,500-$2,600.

Cow/calf pairs: $2,100-

Groesbeck

Results of the Groesbeck Auction and Livestock Co.’s July 16 sale: Head: 706 Steers: 300-400 lbs., $365-$380; 400-500 lbs., $310-$345; 500-600 lbs., $295-$315; 600-700 lbs., $287-$290.

Heifers: 300-400 lbs., $270$320; 400-500 lbs., $240-290$; 500-600 lbs., $220-$270; 600-700 lbs., $180-$230.

Slaughter bulls: $130-$148.

Slaughter cows: $80-$122.

Bred cows: $1,400-$3,000.

Cow/calf pairs: $1,700-$3,500.

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August 2015 — Issue 1

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News Summer, from Page 13 precautions, etc. Remember: The label is the law.

In addition to herbicides, other practices can reduce summer weed problems. It is important to maintain a solid forage stand that does not allow weeds space to establish. Maintaining proper stubble heights, with appropriate stocking rates and grazing management, can significantly improve the density and com-

Do you have your Boyd Built Feeder?

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Also, ensuring adequate fertility and acceptable pH will help make forage grasses more competitive with weeds. By integrating these best management practices with herbicides when needed, one can have clean, productive pastures all season long.

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Burglary suspect chased by bull through pasture ARAB, Alabama (AP) — Sheriff’s officials in northern Alabama say a burglary suspect was taken into custody after being chased by a bull through a cow pasture.

Marshall County Sherif f Scott Walls tells WHNT-TV (bit. ly/1eHdsnY) that 26-year-old Brad Lynn Hemby was being sought in connection with a burglary Wednesday morning in Arab.

Walls says Hemby tried fleeing deputies by running through a cow pasture and a bull roaming the land joined the chase. Walls says Hemby eventually fell onto a barbed wire fence and surrendered.

Walls says stolen property was recovered from Hemby’s truck and the man is charged with burglary, theft and attempting to elude.

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August 2015 — Issue 1

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News High Productivity

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August 2015 — Issue 1

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News

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9 1 $ sues 24 Is

NEWS YOU CAN USE RIGHT IN YOUR MAILBOX

SUBSCRIPTION Subscribe to the award-winning Land & Livestock Post and receive 24 issues of the latest ag news and information about the issues that affect you!

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Name: Address: GYPSUM FOR SALE

Texas Municipal Power Agency (TMPA) has gypsum materials for beneficial use which may be available from time to time. This is CaSO4•2H2O, commonly called synthetic gypsum or FGD gypsum (Product) produced as a coal combustion byproduct from a wet limestone flue gas desulfurization process at TMPA’s Gibbons Creek Steam Electric Station (GCSES) in Grimes County, TX. Address: 12824 FM 244 Rd • Anderson, TX, 77830 Quantity: TMPA estimates to have a ‘stock-pile’of Product of approximately 2,500 tons on-site which it desires to have moved by the end of September 2015.

Product Hauling: The Vendor shall be responsible for hauling Product from GCSES to their facility or to other end use locations arranged by the Vendor. ‘Best Practices’ shall be used to ensure no fugitive dust emissions and no unwanted discharges of Product occur during transportation from GCSES and shall otherwise transport the Product in accordance with all applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations. The Vendor shall observe all applicable TMPA environmental, safety, and plant operating rules.

Minimum Quantities: The minimum quantity for sale is 5 tons.

Loading and Weighing: 1) TMPA will load the gypsum for weighing and transportation 2) Weigh tickets and load counts may be requested by TMPA. 3) TMPA shall make a truck scale available at GCSES for use in weighing the Product.

Schedule: Product may be hauled daily 7:00 am to 2:00 pm, Monday through Friday from GCSES, using reasonable efforts to schedule pick-up in conjunction with production of the Product.

Specifications and purity are available upon request.

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August 2015 — Issue 1

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Land & Livestock Post

CLASSIFIEDS Farmers market haY-grain HAY: 5x6 John Deere Net Wrap, Fertilized and Weed Sprayed, Clean Coastal Hay $55 per Bale, Delivery Available, 979-820-5206

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PASTURE LEASE(S) Needed, Matt Jones, Franklin, Tx 979/777-7571, 979/828-3410 www.solidrockranch.com

Saturday Aug. 15th 8am-2pm Brazos County Expo Center Booths $30 each.

Early Bird Special ends Aug. 7th - $30 ea or 4 for $90 Contact Jan at MarketDay@bvdrc.com Cell/text 979-777-9239

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August 2015 — Issue 1

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Save Thes DAT ES e

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18th Annual Production

SALE TUESDAY OCTOBER 13TH, 2015

NOVEMBER 14, 2015

Saturday, October 3, 2015 • Noon

Fall Production Sale October 9th & 10th 2015

T These cattle have all been screened to ensure you best quality conmmercial cattle will offered. only the be o be palpated and sold in uniformly sorted Cattle will b C ggroups to fifit any cattleman’s needs.

Groesbeck Auction & Livestock Co., Groesbeck, Texas (Located 2 miles east of Groesbeck on Hwy. 164)

Sale cattle listing available online September 25 @

On Thursd Thursday, November 7th, a complete listing of all sale cattle will be at

www.johnsoncattlemarketing.com

1,400 Head of Quality Replacement Females Including Pairs, Bred Cows, Bred & Open Heifers

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FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT:

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OHNSO CATTLE MARKETING Tom Johnson

440 FM 246 • Wortham, TX 76693 903-599-2403 •Mobile 817-291-5121

Certified F-1s, True F-1s, Brangus, Herefords, Brahmans and other Premier quality replacements

This is a very choice set of replacement cattle consigned by leading commercial ranches throughout Texas. Cattle will be palpated and sold in uniformly sorted groups to fit any cattlemans’s needs.

Motel Accommodations Groesbeck - Express Inn & Suites, 254-729-3017 Groesbeck - Best Western, 254-729-0077 Mexia - Holliday Inn Express, 254-562-0005

SALES MANAGED BY

CATTLE MARKETING The Land & Livestock Post

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August 2015 — Issue 1

www.johnsoncattlemarketing.com www.jo

10 A.M.

Offering 750 head of ranch raised, one brand Fall bred heifers & young cows

2 P.M.

Center Ranch Cutting Horse Production SALE Including: • 30 Yearlings • 10 - Finished • 40 - 2-year-olds 3-year-olds • 10 - Broodmares FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT:

CATTLE MARKETING

TOM JOHNSON

440 FM 246 • WorthaM, tX 76693 903-599-2403 •Mobile 817-291-5121 toM@johnsoncattleMarketing.coM 23

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August 2015 — Issue 1

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