Land and Livestock Post

September September 20152015 — Issue — 2

Watering whole

Make sure there is enough H2O for for the entire herd PAGE 16

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September 2015 — Issue 2

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The Land & Livestock Post

News Managing pastures doesn’t only mean growing grass

By Kay LedBetter Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

AMARILLO — What a pasture should look like — whether a waving sea of grass or one with diverse vegetation — depends on a cattleman’s final goal and actions taken before rain falls.

“With the rains we’ve had this year, the waving sea of grass can be a cattleman’s dream: no weed problems, no brush problems and plenty to eat going into the winter,” said Tim Steffens, AgriLife Extension range specialist in Canyon.

“We don’t get this by accident,” Steffens said. “A lot of what we do before the rains determines what we get when the rains come. And taking care of this country through the drought can have

See GRASS, Page 4

W

From the General Manager

e’ve been in our house a little more than a year now. My old house had a huge yard that took up most of my time.

The old house did have a sprinkler system, and although it required constant maintenance — sprinkler heads don’t do well against lawn mowers — it was fairly easy to keep my lawn green and lush at the touch of a button. Our new house has a much smaller yard, but no sprinkler system.

Now that I have cycled a year in the house, and JESSE WRIGHT have been the sole caretaker of the lawn, I really cannot blame anyone else for its appearance.

I try to do right by the lawn, but I am just not good at moving the water around. Some spots are green and thick, and others are cracked and dry. This is

mainly because I’ll turn the sprinkler on, go inside, watch TV, eat dinner and then sprint to turn the spigot off when my wife asks, “Does it sound like there’s water running somewhere?” There are also some pretty heavily-watered spots in the backyard because a sprinkler is a great baby-sitter when you have to get the kids out of the house. I’m pretty sure an aerial view of my lawn looks like a Chia Pet with mange.

Now that winter is coming, I have a chance to get it right again for next summer. If I somehow manage to get it all straight, I’ll be sure to write a column complaining about how much I have to mow.

But just because winter is coming does not mean water is not important, especially for cattle. In our cover story we look at winter watering, its importance, and ways you can make sure you can provide a healthy and viable source for your

livestock.

We also have news from Texas A&M AgriLife Extension about upcoming events and workshops, as well as news and information from around the agricultural industry. Hope you find something you like, and be sure to check out the ads for upcoming sales as well products and services that could help your operation.

As always, thanks for reading. ’Til next time,

• For more information about content or advertising, contact Jesse Wright at jesse.wright@ theeagle.com.

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September 2015 — Issue 2

1415 East OSR • Bryan, Texas 77808 Office: (979) 776-5760 • Fax: (979) 776-4818 Website: www.circlexbrangus.com Steve Densmore, Cattle Mgr., (979) 450-0819, cell • (979) 778-1055, home Chris Duewall, Operations Mgr., (979) 777-6803, cell

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News Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter

Catclaw sensitive briar is palatable perennial legume for all classes of livestock and grazing wildlife.

Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter

Tim Steffens, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service range specialist, looks out over a sea of green grass made possible this summer by the abundant rains.

Grass, from Page 3 a big, big effect on what happens after the drought breaks like it did this year.”

But management will be the key to determining what the cattle have to eat, and how long it is available and providing sufficient nutrients, he said. Side-byside pastures can have the same soils and same rainfall pattern but end up with a lot different vegetation.

“Cattlemen may say they want the grass, and someone interested in wildlife will be ecstatic about the forbs and seeds that can grow,” Steffens said. “A lot of

people look at forbs and say that is just a bunch of weeds, but what I want is grass.

“What I tell them all is the grass is like the potatoes in a meal, that’s the energy for the livestock.

“Where the steak or protein comes from is the forbs.”

This year pastures may have tall, mature sunflowers that have popped out and landowners may think they are no good, but when they are young, they are one of the most palatable forbs for cattle in early spring, Steffens said.

By managing the timing and frequency of grazing, the average intensity of grazing, the dis-

tribution of livestock across a landscape, and the opportunity for growth and regrowth, the land manager also can control what comes later, he said.

“Palatability of the different plants varies throughout the year, so we can manage that by timing when we are in a pasture,” Steffens said.

“By grazing it at different times from year to year, managing how long we stay and how much we take while we are there, and allowing the desirable plants to recover before being defoliated again, we can increase the relative proportions of desirable plants in the pasture.

“We may also be able to make use of plants that otherwise would not be eaten by using them

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Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter

Scrufpea is a perennial legume that is nice for antelope and birds, but cattle won’t eat much of it, according to Tim Steffens, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service range specialist.

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(830) 426-4175 or (800) 467-3274 Call us for the rep for your region

September 2015 — Issue 2

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The Land & Livestock Post

The Land & Livestock Post

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September 2015 — Issue 2

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News Forbs, from Page 4 during the time when they are acceptable.

“Many forbs like catclaw sensitive briar, and legumes like bundle flowers and Englemann’s daisy are high quality plants,” Steffens said.

“By mixing a little of these forbs with old dormant grass in the spring, we can really improve the diet quality and cut down on the time we have to be feeding protein supplement or hay to these cattle.

The diversity in vegetation allows the animals to mix plants of different types and take care of their dietary needs, he said.

“So just having grass or just having forbs is probably a bad thing in most cases, but having a mix of them in every pasture can

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Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter

Sideoats grama grass is a highly palatable plant that decreases in density under continuous grazing, according to Tim Steffens, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service range specialist.

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sure be a big boon to us,” Steffens said.

“It also provides a way to have something available to respond to rain no matter when it comes.”

He said many of the cool-season grasses such as western wheat grass and needle-and-thread grass can be something that will come out early in the season and provide a lot of quality at that time.

“Mixing these cool season grasses with other plants can mean we can go to nearly a 10-month green season up here in the Panhandle,” Steffens said.

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POSTMASTER: Send address changes to The Eagle, P.O. Box 3000, Bryan,Texas 77805-3000 The Post is printed in part on recycled paper and is fully recyclable.

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September 2015 — Issue 2

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The Land & Livestock Post

News Third AgriLife Beef Cattle Management program scheduled for Sept. 17 in Austin

By Paul SchattenBerg Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

AUSTIN — The Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service offices in Bastrop and Travis counties will offer a third program in their Beef Cattle Management series Sept. 17 in Austin.

The program will be from 9 a.m. to 3:15 p.m. at the Travis County East Service Center, 6011 Blue Bluff Road.

Registration will be from 9 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. with presentations to follow.

Three Texas Department of Agriculture continuing education units in integrated pest management will be offered to commercial, non-commercial and private pesticide applicators.

Program topics will include a trailer laws update, soil testing campaign, predator control, horn fly research, feral hog diseases and beef herd health.

Speakers will be experts from the Texas Department of Public Safety, AgriLife Extension, Texas

Wildlife Services and the Texas Beef Council.

“We have put together an agenda that we feel will address many of the most important issues faced by beef cattle producers in this part of Texas,” said Rachel Bauer, AgriLife Extension agent for Bastrop County.

Lunch, which is included in the program cost, will be from 11:45 a.m. to 1 p.m. Lunch speaker Mike McCravey, industry relations manager for the Texas Beef Council, will talk on the use of Texas Beef Checkoff dollars.

Registration is $25 per person

by Sept. 14 and $30 thereafter. To register and for more information, call the AgriLife Extension office in Bastrop County at 512581-7186 or the AgriLife Extension office in Travis County at 512-854-9600.

The Land & Livestock Post

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September 2015 — Issue 2

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News Depth, watershed considerations should guide pond design

By Michael Porter The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation

Thinking of creating a new pond?

Before constructing a new pond that is filled by rain runoff, the most important considerations are soil properties at the pond site, watershed acreage and characteristics (watershed is the area that captures or collects rain runoff for a pond), goals for the pond, and water depth. This article focuses on two considerations: depth and watershed.

Depth

Pond goals such as sport fishing and year-round livestock water supply require adequate pond depth to supply dependable water during drought. Adequate depth varies depending on where a pond is located, its surface area to water volume relationship, desired life of the pond, how well its water volume is matched to its watershed size, seepage and, to a lesser

Photo courtesy of The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation

A pond and its well-vegetated watershed. How well a pond weathers drought depends on several factors, including depth and watershed. extent, some other issues.

Water depth that provides dependable water during a single year can be as shallow as 6 feet in southeast Oklahoma or as deep as 12 feet in extreme western Oklahoma. Additional depth, however, is needed to provide dependable water during multiyear drought conditions. In south-central Oklahoma, a sport fishing or year-round livestock water supply pond should be deeper than 8 feet to provide dependable water.

Over the past 35 years, all ponds on Noble Foundation properties in Carter and Love counties in Oklahoma that were filled by rainfall runoff and were shallower than 7 feet deep did not maintain enough water during some droughts to

See PONDS, Page 9

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September 2015 — Issue 2

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The Land & Livestock Post

News Ponds, from Page 8 provide year-round livestock water or support sport fisheries without restocking, and they dried up at least once during the 35-year period.

A pond with a large surface area relative to its water volume tends to evaporate more water and become low or dry up more easily. It is good idea to construct a relatively deep spot in the basin of such a pond to ensure a dependable water supply.

Adequate depth in well-designed ponds can be inadequate in ponds with small watersheds or seepage issues.

All ponds become shallower after construction. The rate that a pond silts in depends on watershed characteristics and inflow volume.

Ponds with tilled or eroding watersheds usually silt in faster than ponds with well-vegetated watersheds. We monitored siltation rates of 40 ponds in Carter County for six to 22 years (36 ponds were monitored for a minimum of 17 years).

Average siltation rate was 0.1 foot

per year but ranged from 0.02 to 0.37 foot per year.

If a manager wants a pond to last many years, adequate depth must be created during construction to allow for siltation over time.

Watershed

A pond that is filled by rainfall runoff should be designed so its water volume is matched appropriately to its watershed area. A pond with water volume too large for its watershed tends to have low water levels during normal and belowaverage rainfall periods.

Alternatively, a pond with a relatively small volume relative to its watershed requires larger and more expensive dams and spillways, or it tends to have erosion and stability problems with these structures due to excessive overflows. Spillway sizes must be matched to watershed sizes. Unfortunately, many pond owners learn this lesson the hard way during periods with abundant rainfall.

Also, ponds with small volumes relative to their watersheds tend to lose excessive portions of their fisheries during frequent and large volume overflows.

The appropriate pond volume for a watershed acreage depends primarily on where a pond is located and secondarily on watershed soil, vegetation and slope characteristics. A pond in extreme eastern Oklahoma might need only 2 acres of watershed per acre-foot of pond volume, whereas a pond in the extreme western Oklahoma Panhandle might need 75 acres of watershed per acre-foot of pond volume.

Ponds with watersheds having sandy soils, abundant vegetative cover and slight slopes need larger watersheds than ponds with watersheds having clay soils, minimal vegetative cover and steep slopes.

More information about matching pond volume, spillways and dams to watershed characteristics is available in the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Agricultural Handbook Number 590.

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September 2015 — Issue 2

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News 2015 is shaping up to be an outstanding year for quail

By Steve ByrnS Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

SAN ANGELO — After seemingly teetering on the brink of extinction, wild quail seem to have made a miraculous comeback across Texas.

“The 2015-16 quail season is going to be the best we’ve seen since at least 2008 and in some areas even longer than that,” said Dale Rollins, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service coordinator for the statewide Reversing the Quail Decline Initiative in San Angelo.

“It’s shaping up to be a good to great year depending on where you are.”

Rollins said the populations of both bobwhite and scaled or “blue” quail have benefited in most cases from the widespread and timely rains last fall that returned and continued through early summer. The relatively mild, wet winter also contributed to the quail boom, he said.

“This is what I call a jubilee year,” he said “There’s a lot of forgiveness happening out there this year, and the quail have been recipients of that.”

The rains helped quail in several ways, Rollins said, including better nesting habitat and cover from predators. May and June provided perfect hatching conditions and set the stage.

“We make or break a quail year with a June hatch,” he said.

“We’re seeing strong numbers in a lot of areas. Some of the best areas are parts of South Texas and from just northeast of San Angelo on up into the lower part of the Rolling Plains, roughly anywhere west of U.S. Highway 83.”

Rollins said blue quail, like bobwhites, have “come back with a vengeance,” with reports from the Permian Basin and TransPecos region touting good quail numbers.

“So if the wheels don’t fall off — and anybody you’ll talk to

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Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service photo by Becky Ruzicka

The quail hunting forecast looks good, experts say. adds that caveat — this should be a banner year,” he said. “This should be a year that you not only get your shotgun out on opening day, Oct. 31, but also take some new people quail hunting and introduce them to the sport.”

The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department will be releasing its annual quail hunting forecast in mid-September. At that time, go to its website at tpwd.texas. gov/huntwild/hunt/planning/ quail_forecast/forecast/. Click on the projections broken down by ecoregions and find the current forecast as well as what the past 20 years’ results have been.

“AgriLife is also hosting the Statewide Quail Symposium Sept. 16-18 in Abilene,” Rollins said.

Rollins said the symposium will start with a tour of the Trail Ranch near Albany on Sept. 16.

To learn more about the symposium go to statewidequailsymposium.com.

Rollins can be reached at 325653-4576, or d-rollins@tamu.edu.

September 2015 — Issue 2

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The Land & Livestock Post

The Land & Livestock Post

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September 2015 — Issue 2

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News

High beef prices fueling rustling revival in Plains states

By MICHAEL GRACZYK Associated Press

GIDDINGS — Doug Hutchison wears a badge and carries a gun but his most effective weapon in the pursuit of livestock thieves in the nation’s largest cattleproducing territory may be his smartphone.

With it, Hutchison, one of 30 Special Rangers with the Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association, photographs suspected stolen livestock, accesses the association’s databases of livestock brands, checks reports of missing animals and consults with sheriff’s offices.

“I think it’s one of the greatest tools in the world,” said Hutchison, wearing a cowboy hat and jeans, his boots mired in the mud and manure of noisy auction stockyard corrals filled with nervous cattle.

Cattle prices have been at record levels, and reports of missing or stolen cattle have followed.

The nearly 5,800 livestock reported stolen in Texas in 2014 was the most in five years, and the value of the animals — in excess of $5.7 million — the most in a decade.

“Any time you see the price of any commodity go up, you see the theft of that commodity rise,” said Larry Gray, executive director of law enforcement for the Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association, which was founded in 1877.

There were nearly 90 million head of cattle and calves in the U.S. at the beginning of 2015, the

fewest in some six decades. Texas, where drought forced ranchers to trim herds, had slightly less than 12 million, nearly double the next largest beef-producing states of Nebraska and Kansas.

The Special Rangers cover 76 million acres in Texas and Oklahoma. Through July, they’ve worked nearly 400 theft cases this year; they did nearly 800 in 2014.

In one case this summer, a Texas man was charged with theft after 544 steers worth nearly $800,000 went missing. The Kansas Attorney General’s Office has 20 open investigations.

Stealing livestock — a felony — isn’t new. Records show the first person imprisoned at the still-unfinished Texas State Penitentiary in 1849 was a horse thief.

The 21st-century rustler is more likely to be in a pickup truck, pulling a trailer.

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Above,Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association special ranger Doug Hutchison, right, makes a June visit to the Giddings Livestock Commission to check for cows that have been reported stolen. Above left, Hutchison’s badge.

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September 2015 — Issue 2

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The Land & Livestock Post

News Ranger, from Page 12 Bruce Koger lost 14 head of cattle worth about $25,000 last month when someone cut a lock at his small ranching operation in Brazoria County, just south of Houston.

“It really takes the wind out of your sails,” he said. “It’s all I can think about.

I want the rustlers more now than even the cattle back.”

Hutchison investigates cases in nine central Texas counties, smartphone in hand.

“We can check statewide,” he said. “But characteristically, a lot of (offenders) don’t travel more than 100 miles. Those thieves are too lazy to work.”

Three animals attracted his attention recently at an auction in Giddings, midway between Houston and Austin. The seller wasn’t local, and one of the cows was pregnant. “That’s very unusual,” Hutchison said.

He sent photos of the cattle, which carried no brands or ear notches, to the association and contacted sheriffs’ offices.

Some states mandate branding, but Texas doesn’t.

“If it (cattle) ain’t marked, you can get

away with it,” said 44-year-old lifelong cowboy John Green of Klondike, who is charged with the theft. “That’s the trick.”

Green was trying to pay a bail bondsman from a previous theft case when he was nabbed last fall in northeast Texas. “I was sitting on a load of cattle on a trailer,” he said from a prison where he’s serving 10 years.

Hutchison says a lot of rustling is related to illegal drug use; Kansas and Nebraska investigators said the same.

“Because the price is so high, some of these think: ‘If I can get four or five head, I can stay high for a long time,’” he said.

And rustling almost always involves people with an agriculture background.

“There’s not a facet of the cattle business I don’t know,” said Carl Curry, 48, a Texas A&M University animal science graduate who has 119 years left in prison.

Prosecutors said he stole more than 2,000 cattle since 2007; Curry insists he’ll be vindicated on appeal.

Some rustling cases end well. According to Gray, marked or branded cattle have “about an 80 to 85 percent chance of recovery,” while unbranded animals go “way, way down, maybe 35, 40 percent.”

The Land & Livestock Post

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AP Photo/Eric Gay

Tagged cattle are housed in a pen prior to auction at the Giddings Livestock Commission in Giddings. Recordhigh beef prices have led to increases in the numbers of missing or stolen cattle.

The Special Rangers returned 21 calves the Special Rangers also investigate.

“We’re able to live a good life because to Brazoria County rancher Tim Wieghat a few years ago and got him restitution. “It of these cow prices,” he said. “You push yourself to give your family more, and was awesome,” Wieghat said.

But in July, someone cut locks on a pas- then they come along and just take it. ... ture and stole some equipment, a crime It gets to the point you’re fed up.”

September 2015 — Issue 2

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News Grant funds available for strategic prescribed burns Special to The Post

East Texas landowners now may be reimbursed for helping to reduce overgrown vegetation on their lands. In an effort to reduce wildfire hazards on private property, the Texas A&M Forest Service is offering grants to conduct prescribed burning.

Strategically planned prescribed fires can enhance ecosystems and protect homes and communities from wildfire.

“This year’s abundant rainfall has increased the already problematic amount of hazardous understory vegetation in our East Texas forests,” said Andy McCrady, fuels coordinator with the Texas A&M Forest Service.

“When the weather is hot and dry, this ‘fuel’ can contribute to dangerous wildfires. Prescribed burning during late winter and spring is an effective tool to remove heavy fuel loads,” McCrady said.

“The Community Protection Program Prescribed Fire Grant allows trained specialists to conduct effective, cost-efficient methods to remove dangerous fuel loads and return the ecosystem to its natural state, benefiting landowners, local communities,

wildlife and forests” McCrady said.

The Texas A&M Forest Service has administered this grant since 2006. Last year, the service passed through grants for prescribed burning on 2,141 acres with $64,245 in funding by the U.S. Forest Service.

This year, $225,390 is available through the U.S. Forest Service Community Protection Program for applicable prescribed burn projects. Interested parties within a 10-mile radius of a national forest are encouraged to apply.

The Texas A&M Forest Service does not conduct any of the prescribed burns.

Upon approval of funding, the prescribed burn will be conducted by a contractor of the landowner’s choice.

Landowners can expect reimbursement of up to $30 per acre, pending successful burn inspection by the service.

The deadline for application submission is Sept. 30.

For more information and to download an application go tp tfsweb.tamu.edu/cppgrant. For more information on prescribed burning go to goodfires.orgor the Prescribed Burning Board page.

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September 2015 — Issue 2

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The Land & Livestock Post

News

Unique U.S. beef and cattle trade situation continues

By Derrell S. Peel Oklahoma State University

Photo courtesy of 111.abc.net.au

Tight beef supplies coupled with higher prices has led to a stronger demand for cattle imports from Australia and other countries.

The unique U.S. beef and cattle trade situation that developed in 2014 has continued in 2015. Falling beef production is keeping beef supplies tight and prices near record levels in the U.S. This discourages beef exports and attracts more beef and cattle imports.

Both imports and exports are enhanced furtherbythestrongdollar.Thoughdollar appreciation has leveled off recently, continued global macroeconomic uncertainty is likely to keep the dollar strong for the time being.

In May, beef exports decreased 14.4 percent year over year with exports to all major export destinations (Japan, Canada, Mexico and Hong Kong) down except South Korea which was unchanged from last year. Year-to-date beef exports are down 9.5 percent from last year. May beef imports continued larger year over year

with the monthly total up 24.8 percent from one year ago and up 37.3 percent for the year to date. Beef imports in May were up most from Australia and Mexico among major sources and were also up sharply from smaller sources including Brazil and Uruguay. Total cattle imports in May were down 10.3 percent from last year and are down 9.2 percent year over year for the year to date.

The dramatic increase in U.S. beef imports in 2014 and so far in 2015 has been led by increased imports from Australia. This is the result of unique circumstances in Australia as well as the U.S. U.S. imports of Australian beef were up 41 percent year over year in May and are up 64.8 percent for the year to date.

The Land & Livestock Post

ď‚Ť

See IMPORTS, Page 20

September 2015 — Issue 2

15

Water:

News Making sure your herd has enough safe water to drink all year long

By RoBeRt FeaRs Special to The Post

M

any producers have struggled through the drought to provide enough water for cattle and other livestock.

Tanks became dry, streams stopped flowing, and water in lakes and ponds became stagnant because of shallow depths. Due to lowering of the water table, wells were dug to ever increasing depths and it was common for water to be hauled to cattle in barrels.

Long-range weather forecasters are predicting a cold, wet winter which should make supplying water to cattle an easier task. When temperatures are cool, we are prone to neglect a cow’s water needs. Water is just as important for cattle in the winter as it is in the summer.

Water Quantity

“Safe supplies of water are absolutely essential for livestock year-round,” said Dr. Floron Faries Jr., retired from the Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine. “If livestock do not drink enough safe water every day, feed intake and production will decrease and the producer will lose money.

“Water constitutes 60 to 70 percent of the animal’s body and consuming water is more important than consuming food.

Amount of water consumption depends on weather and character of food consumed.

“Animals should be given all the water they can drink. Those that do not drink water may suffer stress or even dehydration.”

“Livestock require the proper balance of water, carbohydrates (energy), protein, vitamins and minerals for optimal levels of performance,” said Shane Gadberry of the University of Arkansas. “Of these nutrients, water is the most critical for all classes of livestock.

“Cattle have little ability to adapt to water restriction, and feed intake will be

16

Photos by Robert Fears

Good quality water should be available in sufficient quanities for cattle year-round including winter, whether in ponds or streams or in troughs.

On the cover: Good water can be supplied to cattle by various methods. These troughs were made from used heavy equipment tires. greatly reduced following short periods without water. Because of this, a plentiful supply of good quality water is necessary for profitable beef production.”

“As illustrated in Table 1, water needs are influenced by environmental temperature, class of livestock and weight,” said Rick Rasby of the University of Nebraska. “Water needs increase as temperature increases. Lactating cows and

bulls have greater daily water requirements than non-lactating cows. This is a function of weight. As cattle get heavier, daily water intake increases.”

Water intake is constant up to 40 degrees Farenheit, so water requirements at 35 degrees listed in Table 1 are applicable for all classes of beef cattle in our severest winters. Note that these figures range from four gallons per day for a

September 2015 — Issue 2



400-pound calf to 11 gallons for a mature bull. The water requirements are listed as gallons per head; therefore, the listed quantities need to be multiplied by the number of animals under your care.

Table 1 illustrates that adequate water supplies are just as important in the winter as they are in the summer.

See WATER, Page 17

The Land & Livestock Post

News

Water, from Page 16 “Water consumption is influenced by other factors such as moisture and protein level of feed, salt intake, relative humidity and the breed of cattle,” Arkansas’ Gadberry said. “When high moisture feeds such as silage or fresh forages are used, water intake as drinking water is reduced. Because of the need to excrete more urine, high levels of salt or protein in the feed increase water needs.

“In areas with high humidity, animals need less water because of lower losses to evaporation. Brahman cattle have a

greater ability to adapt to hot, dry conditions than temperate breeds of cattle, so they better withstand short-term water restriction.”

Water Quality

Providing clean, fresh water in the winter as well as during the rest of the year always should be a goal for the beef cattle producer. There are a number of items that affect water quality such as salinity, nitrates, sulfates, blue-green algae, and other substances that are listed

See CATTLE, Page 19

Photo provided by Embry Birdwell, Birdwell Clark Ranch

In pasture rotation systems, troughs can be made portable if a water source is available in each paddock. Providing adequate clean water for the weather conditions is critical.

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September 2015 — Issue 2

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News

Annual Production Sale 12:00 Noon, Friday, October 16, 2015 at the Ranch 115 Breeding-Age Hereford Bulls. g n 2-Year-Old Hereford Heifers Sellibred to30W4Registered Registered Low Birth Weight Hereford Bulls.

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Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Steve Byrns

The second annual Ranch/Stock Horse Short Course in Alpine on Sept. 19 will cater to those wanting to improve their ranch and stock horse skills.

Ranch/Stock Horse Short Course set for Sept. 19 in Alpine

By Steve ByrnS Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

ALPINE — West Texas horsemen should saddle up and head for the second annual Ranch/ Stock Horse Short Course Sept.

19. The short course will be at the San Antonio Livestock Exposition Arena or “SALE” Arena at Sul Ross State University’s Turner Range Animal Science Center on East U.S. 90 in Alpine.

The multi-county Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service event starts with registration at 8:30 a.m. followed by the program from 9 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.

“We are pleased to be able to offer this workshop for both youth and adults interested in improving their ranch and stock horse skills,” said Jesse Lea Schneider, AgriLife Extension agent in Presidio County.

“As a knowledgeable horseman, Dr. Dennis Sigler, AgriLife Extension state horse specialist, will bring a wealth of knowledge to far West Texas. His style of teaching relates well to all ages and allows for an opportunity for a day of one-on-one questions

18

and interaction both in the classroom and on horseback.”

Schneider said all horses coming to the event must have current proof of a negative Coggins test.

Individual adult registration is $10 as is registration for youth not enrolled in a 4-H program. The program is free for currently enrolled 4-H members. RSVP by Sept. 15 to Schneider at 432-2950342.

The short course topics and presenters will include: • Procedures for Showing and Judging Ranch/Stock Horses, Sigler.

• Nutrition and Conditioning for the Working Horse, Sigler.

• Poisonous Plants and ID, Bruce Carpenter, AgriLife Extension livestock specialist at Fort Stockton.

After lunch, participants should have their mounts saddled and in the arena for pattern work.

For more information call Schneider at 432-295-0342 or Logan Boswell, AgriLife Extension agent for Brewster/Jeff Davis counties, at 432-837-6207.

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September 2015 — Issue 2

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The Land & Livestock Post

News Table 2. Recommended limits for some potentially toxic substances in drinking water for beef cattle1

1 Water for Beef Cattle, Shane Gadberry, University of Arkansas 2 No upper limit established because of limited experimental data

Cattle, from Page 17 in Table 2. Producers need to adopt management practices that help preserve water quality.

“Common compounds found in waters of excess salinity include sodium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sulfate and bicarbonates,” Faries said. “Bicarbonates and carbonates may contribute heavily to alkalinity (pH) levels. When feed is high in salt, lower water salinity is desirable. Moreover, animals consuming high-moisture forage can tolerate more saline waters than those grazing dry

brush or scrub. Hard water without high salinity does not harm animals.”

“Waters that contain high levels of dissolved salts can result in depressed performance of beef cattle,” Gadberry said.

“These waters are normally found in wells on coastal prairies along the Gulf of Mexico.”

“Cattle actually prefer water that contains very small amounts of salt,” Rasby said.

“Research suggests that water containing {dissolved salts] of 5,000 parts-per-million results in about a 10 percent reduction in performance. Guidelines suggest that water containing 3,000 ppm {dissolved salts] or less usually is satisfactory for most livestock.

“Water that contains 5,000 to 7,000 ppm {dissolved salts] should not be used for pregnant or lactating females. Water with salinity at this level may have a laxative effect.”

“Nitrate in drinking water can be a problem for livestock in the southeastern United States,” Gadberry said. “A guide to evaluating water contaminated with nitrates is given in Table 3. Water test results generally have nitrates and nitrites combined and may report levels as nitrate nitrogen, nitrate ion or sodium nitrate.

This can greatly affect interpretation of the results.

“Levels in Table 3 are expressed in the three major forms that may be reported.”

“Sources of nitrates and ni-

trites include decaying animal or plant protein, animal metabolic waste, nitrogen fertilizers, silage juices and soil high in nitrogen-fixing bacteria,” Faries said. “Nitrates and nitrites are water soluble and may be leached away to the water table or into ponded water. Levels may be affected by runoff or by concentration caused by water evaporation from a pond or

storage tank,” Faries said.

“Nitrates themselves are not poisonous to cattle,” Rasby said. “Nitrates, however, are converted to nitrites in the rumen. Nitrites are absorbed into the bloodstream where they convert hemoglobin to methemoglobin. The adverse characteristic of methemoglobin is its failure to bind to oxygen, and as a result, oxygen carrying capac-

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ity of blood is reduced.”

“Animals can become acclimated to low amounts of sulfates in water,” Rasby said. “If your livestock water is high in sulfates, consider diluting with low-sulfate water for newly arrived animals. The sulfate upper limit for calves is less than 500 ppm (167 ppm sulfur as sul-

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News Imports, from Page 15 This follows a 74 percent yearover-year increase in 2014. A prolonged drought in Australia has led to increased slaughter, beef production and beef exports along with decreased herd inventories. The Australian beef cow herd has declined more than 1 million head since 2013.

Though the drought continues in Australia, it appears that cattle slaughter and beef production have peaked. Beef production is expected to decrease in 2015 and may lead to decreased U.S. imports of Australian beef in the second half of the year. At the current pace, Australia could hit the beef tariff rate quota by this fall.

In Canada, declining herd inventories are resulting in decreased feedlot production, beef production and cattle exports.

U.S. beef exports to Canada were down 15.6 percent in May compared to last year and are down

12.9 percent for the year to date.

U.S. imports of Canadian beef were up a scant 1.2 percent year over year in May and are up 4.5 percent for the year to date. In the face of declining Canadian beef production, imports of Canadian beef may drop below year earlier levels in the last half of 2015 and may decrease year over year on an annual basis.

Decreased imports of Canadian cattle are led by a 47 percent year-to-date decrease in slaughter steers and heifers and a 27 percent decrease in slaughter cows and bulls compared to one year ago. Year-to-date imports of Canadian feeder cattle are unchanged from last year but the composition of those imports is significantly different compared to last year. After jumping sharply last year, imports of feeder heifers are down 21 percent compared to last year while steers are up 48 percent year over year. This may indicate planned heifer retention in Canada.

So far in 2015, U.S. imports of Mexican beef have continued to expand, up 26 percent in May and up 39 percent for the year to date compared to last year. Beef exports to Mexico dropped 33 percent year over year in May and are down 23 percent for the year to date. U.S. imports of Mexican cattle were up 27.6 percent in May and are up 8.1 percent year over year for the year to date.

Imports of Mexican heifers for the year to date are 23 percent below year ago levels while steer imports from Mexico are up 15 percent so far this year.

In 2014, imports of Mexican heifers were up 23 percent year over year. Decreased exports of heifers from Mexico may be an indication of heifer retention.

Forage conditions in Mexico are generally good and supportive of herd expansion.

Mexico’s ability to maintain cattle exports and increased beef exports may be constrained if herd expansion accelerates.

TJS S Hardware

Sulfates, from Page 19 fate). For adult cattle, the upper limit is less than 1,000 ppm (333 ppm sulfur as sulfate).

“Caution is required when evaluating sulfate levels in water because of interactions with copper and molybdenum, and the inhibiting effect compounds such as sodium fluoride have on sulfate absorption for the digestive tract. In addition, high levels of sulfates may contribute to an increased incidence of polioencephelomalacia (PEM), a brain disorder found in cattle.

If copper deficiency problems are suspected, water sources should be analyzed for sulfates to determine if high sulfate levels are contributing to the problem.

“Remember, distillers grains can be high in sulfur, and total sulfur intake is the combined

amount from the feeds and water consumed,” Rasby said.

“Stagnant waters may contain excessive levels of blue-green algae, which may be toxic and result in cattle death,” Gadberry said. “Because of their stagnant, nutrient rich nature, small ponds and streams in late summer can have toxic algae blooms.

Toxicity is most common following a rapid bloom in late summer when cattle are consuming a substantial amount of the algal surface scum. The problem is difficult to predict, and the first sign may be sudden animal death.”

“Most surface water sources have problems with algae growth as a result of high nutrient loading in runoff water,” Faries said. “Avoid using waters bearing heavy growths of

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News

What is saltcedar and why is it so hard to eradicate?

By YARA BISHARA Associated Press

PHOENIX — The tiny seedling was brought over from Eastern Europe and parts of Asia nearly 200 years ago and planted along riverbanks to prevent erosion.

Although it was planted across the United States, it mostly was planted in the Southwest, It grew fast, its thick branches and oily leaves spreading across five states.

As years passed, it became obvious that the introduction of saltcedar, or Tamarisk, trees was a mistake. The invasive tree has an extensive root system that sucks up nearby water and leaves that leak a salt-like substance, killing native plants. It also burns hot in wildfires — complicating efforts to control them — and afterward is quick to grow back.

Saltcedar’s resiliency makes containing and treating it a continual, almost never-ending task.

Here’s a closer look at the tree and what’s being done about it in the West:

What is saltcedar?

Saltcedar has the potential to grow as tall as a two-story building, with large, thick branches.

It was brought to the U.S. as a method to prevent erosion along bodies of water such as the Colorado River.

The invasive plant is difficult to eradicate because of its robust root system that can extend as deep as 25 feet, according to the Tamarisk Coalition, a Coloradobased organization working to address non-native plants in the West.

Additionally, it can survive

Courtesy essmextension.tamu.edu

Saltcedar flowering. Brought to Americato control river bank erotion, saltcedar or tamarisk has taken over, absorbing excessive water, crowding out native plants and eliminating wildlife habitat. and re-sprout in high stress conditions such as floods, droughts and wildfires. Often when saltcedar is cut down or sprayed, it has the potential to grow back, requiring crews and groups to keep treating it.

Why it’s problematic

Saltcedar creates extreme fire conditions because of how hot and black it burns. Containing wildfires burning in saltcedar can be difficult and dangerous for crews on the ground and typi-

See SALTCEDAR, Page 23

Where saltcedar was found in 2014

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September 2015 — Issue 2

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News Safe, from Page 20 blue-green algae, as several species can produce animal toxins.

“To control algae in storage tanks, reduce the introduced organic pollution and exclude light. Disinfect water storage tanks with one ounce of chlorine bleach per 30 gallons of water and wait 12 hours after treatment before draining and refilling with clean water. Chlorination can also control certain harmful bacteria,” Faries said.

“Signs of blue-green algae poisoning are diarrhea, vomiting, lack of coordination, labored breathing, seizures, convulsions, and possibly death,” Rasby said. “During recovery, unpigmented skin may slough off. A suggested treatment for algae afflicted animals is large quantities of medical-grade charcoal and mineral oil, given

orally. These are given as an attempt to prevent further absorption of the toxins by the affected animals. Contact a veterinarian for more information and assistance.”

“Other substances in water, that may cause problems for beef cattle, are listed in Table 2 along with maximum safe levels,” Gadberry stated. “Common problems are high or low pH or excessive levels of sulfates, hydrogen sulfide, iron or manganese. These factors may result in decreased water intake because of off-flavors. In addition, excessive levels of some minerals may interfere with normal trace mineral absorption, especially of copper and

zinc. This will lead to nutritional deficiencies.”

As fall approaches, it might to be a good idea to test your cattle watering sources so that you will know what the animals will drink during the winter. Water is tested for the chemicals mentioned in the above paragraphs by the Soil, Water and Forage Testing Laboratory at Texas A&M University. Sample forms and instructions can be obtained at soiltesting.tamu.edu.

A comparison of test results with the numbers in Tables 2 and 3 will indicate whether remedial actions need to be taken to ensure good quality water through the winters and months thereafter.

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September 2015 — Issue 2

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The Land & Livestock Post

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The saltcedar leaf beetle species from Tunisia.

Saltcedar, from Page 21 cally requires heavy machinery such as bigger trucks or aircraft.

The fire department in the Phoenix suburb of Avondale fights such fires with a Type III Brush truck, which is larger and sturdier than a regular fire engine and has a more extensive hose system, Capt. Steve Mayhew said.

What’s unique about saltcedar’s biological makeup is that after it burns, a reaction in the tree allows it to sprout back with more vigor.

“It grows a whole new plant on top of what was burned, essentially,” said Rusty Lloyd, program manager at the Tamarisk Coalition.

Not only is saltcedar fueling many of the fires in the Southwest, it also is altering the environment around it by reducing wildlife habitats, agriculture and “water quality and quantity,” Lloyd said.

What’s being done?

Government agencies, groups and communities have taken initiative in trying to control the plant’s spread.

Arizona has seen a boost in efforts to clear saltcedar by independent organizations such as the Friends of Verde River Greenway, led by Anna Schrenk.

In the summer months, Schrenk’s crew maps areas where saltcedar was treated in previous years. The group uses tablets and a special application that pinpoints where the plant has or

hasn’t grown back. This method makes it easier for crews to return in the fall and physically start clearing any regrowth.

Crews usually use chain saws to cut down the trees and then treat them with an herbicide.

Other methods include plowing down saltcedars with a “large lawn mower” or in rare cases, bulldozers, Lloyd said.

An unauthorized release of a Tamarisk-eating beetle in Utah was conducted in 2006 to try and kill the invasive tree, the Tamarisk Coalition said. The beetle slowly made its way into northern Arizona around 2008.

The bug is eating away at saltcedar, but it also threatens the habitat of an endangered bird, the southwestern willow flycatcher. As willow trees in the Southwest have decreased, the small birds started using Tamarisk as their preferred habitat.

What’s next?

Groups and landowners are focused on controlling growth in areas where saltcedar is densest.

Their main goal is to replant native plants, replacing saltcedar to create a healthier and more abundant ecosystem.

Government agencies are working with communities such as Buckeye, wests of Phoenix, to assist and fund saltcedar clearing, said Dolores Garcia, fire mitigation specialist at the Bureau of Land Management.

Regardless of these various initiatives, experts say they don’t anticipate saltcedar going away anytime soon.

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News Kentucky farmer turns to USDA to help make dream come true Kentucky Farm Service Agency

The first 25 years of Daniel Hayden’s life was dedicated to working on other people’s farms.

He fed cows, cut hay, hauled tobacco and, for the past five years, managed his parents’ Kentucky farm operation. But he never had his own farm.

That all changed last year.

“I found a great cattle farm not far from my parents’ operation. I just wasn’t sure if I could borrow the money for it, being a young, beginning farmer,” said Daniel.

The 63-acre farm located in Ohio County, Kentucky, would cost him $226,000. He also needed operating funds.

Daniel is one of a small group of individuals trying to start a farming operation in one of the most difficult times in history.

Record high costs for land, machinery and inputs such as feed and fertilizer have made it nearly impossible for young, beginning farmers to get started.

Under the Obama Administration, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has worked to make it easier for beginning farmers and ranchers to own and operate their own business. The Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program, funded in the 2008 and 2014 Farm Bills, has awarded $90 million in grants to support beginning farmers in 48 states between 2009 and 2015. USDA developed a website to guide beginning farmers through programs and funding available to them, and the Farm

Service Agency provides loans to help new and beginning farmers get started or expand their operation.

That is what helped Hayden, who didn’t know how to follow his dream of owning a farm and still meet all of his obligations.

“I didn’t know if the numbers on paper would work,” Hayden said.

Yet, he was confident he was able to do it because he had previous experience. At age 12, Hayden came to the Farm Service Agency and received his first youth loan.

He used it to purchase cattle and start his own business on his parents’ farm. The agency’s Youth Loan program allows young people to borrow up to $5,000 for an agricultural-related project associated with 4-H, FFA or other agriculture program. Hayden received these loans for several years until he was 18, when he received his first Farm Service Agency Microloan that he used to acquire cattle and equipment.

The microloan program allows beginning, small and mid-sized farmers along with non-traditional farm operations to access up to $50,000 in loans using a simplified application process.

Participation in the program increased 58 percent since last year, with 5,000 microloans issued this year alone. In total, more than 13,000 microloans have been issued since its inception in 2013.

“When Daniel came to me with the purchase contract for the farm, he was excited about the opportunity,” said Kentucky Farm Loan Manager Michael

Photo by Kentucky Farm Service Agency

Daniel Hayden is one of a small group of individuals trying to start a farming operation in one of the most difficult times in history.

Miller. “He wanted to know if there was anything [the Farm Service Agency] could do to help make it happen.”

Hayden qualified for the Farm Service Agency Farm Ownership and Operating Loans that he needed to purchase the farm and stock it with cattle. “I had always envisioned myself putting down roots of my own and with the help of [the Farm Service Agency] I already had a good start,” Hayden said.

For more information on youth loans or microloans, go to the Farm Service Agency’s farm loan program website at www. fsa.usda.gov/.

5 $19.s9 ues 24 Is

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September 2015 — Issue 2

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The Land & Livestock Post

News A&M researchers make breakthrough in understanding cancer

By Paul SchattenBerg, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

Researchers in Texas A&M University’s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences have proposed a “unified” way to explain the function of dietary bioactives in suppressing cancer-causing cell signaling.

“Dietary bioactives are constituents in foods or dietary supplements — other than those needed to meet basic human nutritional needs — which are responsible for changes in health status,” said Robert Chapkin, a distinguished professor in the college’s nutrition and food science department.

Chapkin is also the deputy director of the Center for Translational Environmental Health Research at Texas A&M. His research focuses on colon cancer prevention. He and collaborating researchers examine the effects of nutrients on the inhibition or activation of genes involved in cancer development in humans.

“In a series of exciting discoveries, Robert Fuentes, Tim Hou, Harmony Turk and Jeannie Allen, all graduate students in my lab, have demonstrated that long-chain omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil, as well as curcumin, found in turmeric, are in a unique class of dietary bioactives that we have termed membrane-targeted dietary bioactives, or MTDBs.” Chapkin said previous studies suggest that dietary bioactives

such as curcumin, as well as fish oil and omega-3 fatty acids, are effective as colorectal cancer preventive agents.

“But one criticism of dietary chemoprevention is the fact that these dietary bioactives appear to influence other seemingly unrelated traits within diverse physiological processes,” he said.

“These include influencing cell membrane structure and function, lipid metabolism, nuclear receptor activation and inflammatory responses.”

Chapkin said researchers in his lab have made strides in explaining and “unifying” the apparently disconnected signaling nodes of these dietary bioactives.

He said their findings show that long-chain fatty acids found in fish oil, as well as curcumin and capsaicin, which is found in hot peppers, fall into this unique class because they have both hydrophilic, or water-loving, properties and lipophilic, or fatloving, properties. Due to their characteristics, these [membrane-targeted dietary bioactives] are capable of disturbing cell membrane organization.

“While these dietary bioactives, like most diet or supplement constituents, have multiple physiological targets, perhaps the most significant and overlooked is their ability to modulate signaling processes by disrupting the organization of the cell membrane,” said Robert Fuentes, a doctoral candidate and one of the researchers. “For example, omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish

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A group of graduate students in the Chapkin lab have made discoveries about a unique class of dietary bioactives and their impact on dysfunctional cell signaling that can lead to cancer. oil, actually get incorporated into phospholipids that form the cell plasma membrane. While other [membrane-targeted dietary bioactives], such as curcumin and capsaicin, squeeze in between spaces within the membrane leading to disruption of lipid and protein interactions.”

He said recent findings from work done in the Chapkin lab demonstrate that membrane-targeted dietary bioactives accumulate in the colon and disrupt the membrane structure and composition of its epithelial cells. This

See CANCER, Page 26

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News Cancer, from Page 25 helps suppress the dysfunctional Ras signaling that can lead to colon cancer.

Ras is a family of related proteins that helps transmit signals within cells. When activated by incoming signals, Ras proteins then activate other proteins, which ultimately switch on genes involved in cell growth and differentiation. Ras gene mutations can permanently switch on Ras production, causing overactive cell signaling that can ultimately lead to cancer. “Tumors and cancer result from runaway cell growth from overactive signaling, and finding a way to attenuate or ‘normalize’ these signals caused by Ras gene mutations is an important aspect of cancer suppression,� Fuentes said.

Approximately 30-50 percent of colorectal cancers contain Ras mutations, which confer

resistance to standard therapy and have therefore been termed “undruggable.� About 90 percent of pancreatic cancers, one of the most aggressive types of cancer, contain Ras mutations.

Chapkin said high-fidelity signaling of Ras is dependent on its spatial organization into defined nanoclusters — groups of microscopic particles with dimensions of less than 100 nanometres or about 1,000 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair — on the plasma membrane. “The research recently done in the lab has demonstrated that certain MTDBs, through direct modulation of the plasma membrane, alter cancer-causing Ras nanoclustering and help normalize cell signaling,� Chapkin said. “These recent findings suggest that Ras nanoclusters could represent a novel target for future interventions in addressing colon cancer and possibly other cancers.�

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September 2015 — Issue 2

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News

Livestock producers urged to watch for toxic plants

By Blair Fannin Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

Extreme heat and dry conditions can lead to a shortage of grass, and an opportunity to consume toxic plants and forages found in Texas rangelands. Livestock producers should be aware of potential pitfalls.

Tam Garland, head of the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostics Laboratory’s toxicology section in College Station, advises cattle producers to scout pastures and be on the lookout for four types of senna plants that can be toxic during different seasons and weather patterns: coffee senna, twinleaf senna, sicklepod senna and Lindheimer senna.

In the past few weeks, extremely high temperatures without rain have stressed grasses.

Livestock try other plants that remain green, Garland said. Coffee senna is maturing and is still green, and Garland said cattle will find these more palatable as the fall season approaches.

“Just like humans, cattle will want variety in their diet and they find the coffee senna beans quite tasty as forages become less available,” she said.

The plant will have 6-inch to 8-inch beans that grow upward rather than downward, forming a type of parenthesis around the center stalk of the plant.

Twinleaf senna will become more prevalent with frequent showers. Garland said this peren-

nial plant will grow beside other weeds in the pasture.

“People think when they get rain they’ve got a lot grass in the pasture, but there are other weeds that can pop up,” Garland said. “This is typical of twinleaf senna that is found growing in Central and West Texas regions where there’s limestone soils.”

Though herbicides applied to pastures earlier this year can control the threat of toxic forages and weeds, there’s still the potential for high winds to blow seeds into these areas.

“It’s still important for ranchers to scout pastures and be on the lookout,” Garland said. “The biggest problem is we don’t notice subtle clinical signs in our livestock, nor do we scout our pastures and look for these potentially toxic plants.”

Ranchers should observe their cattle. Those excreting dark urine, having consumed coffee senna and also twinleaf senna if there has been rain, will have clinical signs such as diarrhea and weakness before they get down.

“And when they get down, they do not get up,” Garland said.

“That’s why it’s so important for daily observation of cattle and to scout pastures.

“These are what we call alert downers. They will eat and drink if food and water is taken to them, but they cannot get up.”

For more information about these and other toxic plants, Garland has co-authored “Tox-

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Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory photo

Coffee senna is a plant with 6-8 inch beans that can become toxic to livestock due to extreme heat and dry conditions. ic Plants of Texas,” available from the AgriLife Bookstore a t w w w. a g r i l i f e bookstore.org/Toxic-Plants-of-Texasp/b-6105.htm.

Additionally, the lab can determine if livestock have ingested one of these potentially deadly plants.

For more information on testing, go to tvmdl.tamu.edu/tests/ microscopic-analysis.

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September 2015 — Issue 2

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News LIVESTOCK MARKET REPORT Brazos Valley

Results of the Brazos Valley Livestock Commission’s Aug. 25 sale: Head: 871 Steers: 200-300 lbs., $285-$410; 300-400 lbs., $250-$300; 400-500 lbs., $220-$280; 500-600 lbs., $190-$228; 600-700 lbs., $180$200; 700-800 lbs., $186-$196.

Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $240$285; 300-400 lbs., $220-$270; 400-500 lbs., $195-$225; 500600 lbs., $182-$198; 600-700 lbs., $170-$189; 700-800 lbs., $170-$185.

Slaughter bulls: $115-$136.

Slaughter cows: $85-$115.

Bred cows: $1,500-$2,300.

Buffalo

Results of the Buffalo Livestock Commission’s Aug. 22 sale: Head: 1,320

Steers: 150-200 lbs., $325-$415; 200-300 lbs., $315-$340; 300-400 lbs., $260-$335; 400-500 lbs., $235-$330; 500-600 lbs., $200$270; 600-700 lbs., $195-$212; 700-800 lbs., $165-$200.

Heifers: 150-200 lbs., $310$430; 200-300 lbs., $265-$350; 300-400 lbs., $220-$315; 400500 lbs., $195-$280; 500-600 lbs., $190-$260; 600-700 lbs., $185$235; 700-800 lbs., $165-$185.

Slaughter bulls: $105-$134.

Slaughter cows: $60-$119.

Bred cows: $1,750-$1,900.

Cow/calf pairs: $1,400-$3,150.

Caldwell Results of the Caldwell Livestock Commission’s Aug. 26 sale: Head: 536 Steers: 200-300 lbs., $285-$385; 300-400 lbs., $260-$300; 400-500

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Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $275$310; 300-400 lbs., $235-$310; 400-500 lbs., $210-$300; 500600 lbs., $190-$280; 600-700 lbs., $185-$235; 700-800 lbs., $183-$220.

Slaughter bulls: $115-$128.

Slaughter cows: $85-$118.

Bred cows: $1,500-$1,875.

Groesbeck

Results of the Groesbeck Auction and Livestock Co.’s Aug. 27 sale: Head: 436 Steers: 300-400 lbs., $240$315; 400-500 lbs., $190-$285; 500-600 lbs., $220-$270; 600-700 lbs., $180-$220.

Heifers: 300-400 lbs., $230$315; 400-500 lbs., $200-$270; 500-600 lbs., $220-$260; 600-700

lbs., $155-$180.

Slaughter bulls: $105-$137.

Slaughter cows: $75-$119.

Bred cows: $1,200-$3,000.

Cow/calf pairs: $1,500-$3,300.

Jordan

Results of the Jordan Cattle Auction’s Aug. 27 sale: Head: 5,335 Steers: Under 200 lbs., $300$400; 200-300 lbs., $280-$350; 300-400 lbs., $250-$305; 400500 lbs., $230-$300; 500-600 lbs., $210-$238; 600-700 lbs., $190$225; 700-800 lbs., $180-$211.

Heifers: Under 200 lbs., $240327.50; 200-300 lbs., $230-$290; 300-400 lbs., $220-$252.50; 400500 lbs., $210-$267.50; 500-600 lbs.,$190-$215; 600-700 lbs.,$180$224; 700-800 lbs., $160-$180.

Slaughter bulls: $108-$136.

Slaughter cows: $90-$119.

Bred cows: $1,200-$2,200.

Cow/calf pairs: $1,800-$2,500.

Navasota Results of the Navasota Livestock Auction’s Aug. 22 sale: Head: 1,576 Steers: 150-300 lbs., $225$395; 300-400 lbs., $225-$325; 400-500 lbs., $185-$315; 500600 lbs., $175-$250; 600-700 lbs., $170-$214.

Heifers: 150-300 lbs., $195$360; 300-400 lbs., $185-$290; 400-500 lbs., $185-$290; 500600 lbs., $175-$285; 600-700 lbs., $170-$270.

Slaughter bulls: $115-$131.

Slaughter cows: $80-$110.

Bred cows: $1,300-$2,750 Cow/calf pairs: $1,700-$2,400.

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September 2015 — Issue 2

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News

FALL PRODUCTION SALE OCTOBER 10, 2015

10 AM Commercial Heifer & Young Cow Sale • 2 PM Cutting Horse Sale At the ranch located halfway between Dallas & Houston, just off I-45 at Centerville, Texas October 9

Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service photo by Blair Fannin

Cattle management and preparing cattle for the feedlot will be discussed at the 2015 Cow Country Congress scheduled for Oct. 23 at the Maysel Ranch near Fairfield.

Oct. 23 Cow Country Congress set for the Maysel Ranch in Fairfield

By Blair Fannin Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service

FAIRFIELD — Area beef producers will learn how to prepare cattle for feedlots and hear the latest in feral hog management at the Cow Country Congress 2015, scheduled Oct. 23 at Maysel Ranch near Fairfield.

The ranch is located east of Fairfield off Texas 84. Turn south on County Road 441 and continue for 3.3 miles. The ranch is on the right.

“The goal for this program is to provide cattle producers with the knowledge and skills to be profitable in their operation,” said Erin Davis, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service agent for Freestone County. “With Cow Country Congress, we want to keep the producers up to date with the latest tools available to them for use in their day-to-day operations.”

Davis said the program will include an overview of the Maysel Ranch by owner Burt Richards.

His son, Joe Richards, who is a feedlot owner/operator in Hereford, will discuss cattle management and preparing cattle for the feedlot.

Cooper Terrill, AgriLife Extension agent for Falls County, will give a presentation on feral hogs and demonstrate the “BoarBuster,” an automatic trap developed by the Noble Foundation.

“We’ll also have Dr. Larry Redmon, AgriLife Extension state forage specialist from College Station, who will discuss proper hay storage,” Davis said.

Ron Gill, AgriLife Extension beef cattle specialist in College Station, will give a talk on “Advocating for Agriculture.”

Larry Hand, special ranger with the Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association Region 6 in Tyler, will conclude the program with a discussion on cattle theft.

Davis said a legislative update is set for noon.

Cost is $20 and includes a steak lunch. Door prizes will be awarded and there will be a number of vendor booths for attendees to visit. Two Texas Department of Agriculture continuing education units will be offered.

Attendees are encouraged to RSVP for an accurate meal count by calling the AgriLife Extension office in Houston County at 936544-7502 by Oct. 16.

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

All-day open house, ranch tours, cattle viewing 3 pm - Cutting horse clinic conducted by Center Ranch trainers Ronnie Rice, Boyd Rice and Tarin Rice

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