Think Pink

OCTOBER 2010

Think Pink BRAZOS VALLEY SURVIVORS FAMOUS BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS THE ORIGINS OF THE PINK RIBBON BREAST CANCER BREAKTHROUGH AND LEARN ABOUT: MAMMOGRAMS/SCREENINGS

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Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

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In honor of Breast Cancer Awareness month, we will be offering a weekend mammography screening clinic from 8 a.m. – noon every Saturday in October. Speak to your physician to schedule a mammogram or call 979-691-3618 today for more information.

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Jim Wilson: Publisher Ron Lee

Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

TABLE OF CONTENTS BRAZOS VALLEY SURVIVORS 6

Director of Sales & Marketing

Joanne R. Patranella

AND LEARN ABOUT: MAMMOGRAMS/SCREENINGS 10 FAMOUS BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS THE ORIGINS OF THE PINK RIBBON THRICE AS TROUBLESOME

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BREAST CANCER BREAKTHROUGH

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Patrick Danielczyk

Creative Services Supervisor

Billy Mau

Special Projects Editor

Courtney Lewellen Section Designer

A portion of the proceeds from Think Pink will be donated to the Susan G. Komen For The Cure®

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Brazos Valley Survivors: Amanda

Leija

Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

By Billy Mau Eagle Special Project Editor

Amanda leija (second from the right) with her 2008 Susan G. Komen Race for the Cure team: (from left) Jessica Escamilla Markowski, Mary Hoover and Robert Hoover.

A

manda Leija is an example of how persistence can save a life. From her diagnosis to her treatment to her post-treatment life, she has proven that trusting your intuition and never giving up can make all the difference.

Leija was 25 in May of 2007 when she discovered a lump in her breast thanks to a broken collarbone.

“I was worried that I would

roll over on my collarbone while I was sleeping, so I put a bunch of cushions on my bed so I wouldn’t be able to roll,” she said. “I was kind of squished in so I couldn’t move, and I noticed that I was really uncomfortable on my left side.”

Leija felt around the source of the discomfort and discovered an oddly-shaped lump in her breast that was about as long as the distance from her pinky finger

to her thumb. She’d recently had a cyst treated in her breast and thought that may have been the culprit since it was only drained and never removed. Because of that, she didn’t go to a doctor, figuring everything would work itself out.

Unfortunately, everything did not work itself out.

In early August of that year, Leija began having chest pains so bad she was worried at first she

was having a heart attack. Once again, she thought it was just a passing thing and went to bed.

The next morning, she awoke to a shock.

“My left side where the lump was in my breast had doubled in size overnight,” Leija said. “It was very swollen and it hurt even worse than the night before.”

That did it for Leija and she immediately set up a visit with a doctor. The first doctor she saw was sure it was just a cyst and sent it to get imaging done.

The technician performing the ultrasound was immediately concerned because the tissue in the breast was too dense to get an image. He suggested Leija get a mammogram, something the doctor dismissed.

“They kept telling me it was just a cyst and they’d give me antibiotics for the swelling,” Leija said. “I told them I just wanted it taken out and they told me there was nothing to take out.”

The doctor referred Leija to another doctor for another ultrasound. In pain and tired of

feeling like she was getting the run around, Leija was ready to give up and find a new doctor to see her. She knew something was wrong and couldn’t understand why her doctor couldn’t see it as well.

The new doctor immediately performed a needle biopsy on the Monday that she saw him and had results for her on Wednesday.

Leija had Inflammatory Breast Cancer(IBC), a very rare and aggressive form of the disease.

Leija immediately began researching the disease on her own, something she said was probably the worst thing she could have done. She learned that IBC is automatically Stage III cancer upon diagnosis and that the 5-year survival rate was as low as 25% in some of the articles she read.

Despite the bleak news, Leija was resolved to stay strong for those around her.

“The one thing I have tried to do throughout my treatment was to have a smile on my face and to let both my friends and my

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Leija (center) with the crew of the Pink Ribbon Tour in Ozona, Texas. family know that no matter what, I wasn’t going down without one heck of a fight,” Leija said. “At times it was extremely hard to have a smile on my face, but I did. One thing I noticed is that smiles are contagious.”

Part of her treatment included a bilateral mastectomy. Doctors had only suggested removing the left breast, but Leija had seen

cancer come back on the other side with members of her family and said she never wanted to go through this again. She has not had reconstructive surgery and only very rarely wears her prosthetics. She also did not wear a wig during her treatment.

She got one early on, but wasn’t comfortable wearing it, opting instead for hats or bandanas.

Since completing her treatment, Leija has become very active in the breast cancer awareness cause. Less than a year after her treatment ended, she participated in the 3-day Tour de Pink in Dallas. She has also been active with the Komen Race for the Cure and the American Cancer Society’s Relay for Life.

“Cancer has been the best

worst thing that has happened to me,” Leija said. “I know that sounds crazy to use cancer and best in the same sentence, but through my diagnosis I came to not only appreciate life more, but I find myself looking to see what I can do instead of just thinking about it.”

Leija has been active in fundraising since her battle with cancer started. She loves to

bake, and has turned that hobby into a fundraising tool through numerous bake sales and has raised around $5,500 for various breast cancer causes since 2008.

“I know that I will just continue to raise money because no one should have to go through all what I have gone through,” she said. “It’s been tough, but I’m a much stronger person because of it.”

Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

Leija took part in the BMW Ultimate Drive just one week into her radiation treatment. She test drove four convertibles during the afternoon.

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Brazos Valley Survivors: Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

Nora Thompson

By Sharon roe

Special to The Eagle

Nora Thompson, right, with the founding members of the Brazos Valley Breast Cancer Support Group. (From Left) Selena Colwell, Marilyn Byrne, Pam Stewart and Reba Ragsdale.

Below: Thompson (right) comparing hairstyles with her friend, Dr. Dickson Varner.

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Thursday was on the operating table. The following Monday, the lump was found to be malignant, and on Tuesday, just one week since finding the lump, Thompson was in the oncologist’s office discussing her options.

“When I say I was proactive, I was proactive,” Thompson said.

“After three or four days, once I got over the initial shock, I got mad, and I thought, ‘I’m gonna be strong, I’m gonna fight this.’

Attitude is so much of it. During the six months of treatments, every once in a while I’d get down and start feeling sorry for myself, and those were the times when I ended up not feeling good. You have to keep a positive attitude.”

Thompson’s positive

attitude was bolstered by the friends and neighbors that began coming out of the woodwork bringing meals and offering other various forms of support.

Choosing to take her treatment at St. Joseph’s over commuting to Houston or Temple made it easier to continue working which also helped. “I can’t say enough about the quality of our local care,” said Thompson. “The doctors were fabulous, the nurses were fabulous. I worked the entire six months. I would take my treatment, then go home and rest and go to work the next day.

I missed very, very little work. I never once threw up. I was weak, I was tired. But it was something I could get through.”

Losing her hair was one thing Thompson thought would bring up major emotions. “By the time it came, I couldn’t have cared less,” said Thompson. “When I didn’t feel so great, it was easier to not have to take care of my hair. Cancer changes your priorities.”

To w a r d s the end of her treatment, Thompson quit wearing her wig, believing that those around her would then be reminded to get a

This passion to save others led Thompson, along with four other local breast cancer survivors, to establish Brazos Valley Breast Cancer Support (BVBCS) to educate and assist breast cancer patients in the area.

dian

malouf

or banker Nora Thompson, making an investment in doing regular self breast exams did more than pay dividends: it saved her life.

At 41, the energetic Thompson was committed to a healthy life style and had no history of breast cancer in her family. After an “all clear” yearly mammogram in April of 2006, she kept to her regular regime of self-exams, and the following December on a Tuesday evening, she found a lump in her right breast while in the shower after a workout.

By Wednesday morning, she had an appointment with her doctor, was in a surgeon’s office that afternoon, and by

mammogram or urge their loved ones to do so. “Early detection can save lives,” said Thompson.

“Because it’s your breast, people are embarrassed to talk about it. But it’s not embarrassing. It’s important to all of us.”

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what I’ve been through, I’m saving someone else.”

Now three-and-a-half years cancer-free, Thompson is more than grateful, she’s vibrant. “My life is much better than it used to be,” said Thompson. “Do I look like a cancer survivor? Probably not. I’m not going to tell you I don’t have side effects. Cancer changes your life— it will never be the same post-cancer as it was pre-cancer. But I tell women all the time, when we come through, we’re going to be better.”

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FAST FACTS

OVARIAN CANCER:

W

omen should protect their health with routine medical screenings and by being aware of risk factors to certain types of cancers. While breast cancer statistics and annual mammograms are widely known, many women don't have the facts about ovarian cancer, another leading female cancer. Here are some statistics, courtesy of the American Cancer Society (www.cancer.org). * More than 21,000 new cases of ovarian cancer were estimated to be diagnosed in the United States in 2008.

Of those cases, more than 15,000 women will die from the disease. * Ovarian cancer is the eighth most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death. * Researchers think there may be a correlation between the release of eggs and the risk for ovarian cancer.

Pregnancy and taking birth

control pills could reduce the risk. * A woman's chance of getting ovarian cancer in her lifetime is roughly 1 in 71. * Women who have had a hysterectomy or a tubal ligation (tubes tied) are at a lower risk for ovarian cancer. * Most ovarian cancers happen after change of life (menopause). Half of all these cancers are found in women over the age of 63. * It appears that obese women have a higher risk of getting ovarian cancer. One ACS study found a higher rate of death from ovarian cancer in women who were overweight. The risk went up by 50 percent in the heaviest women. * During a pelvic exam the doctor will feel the female organs to check their size and shape to determine if there are tumors present.

Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

“If I could tell people one thing, it would be that breast cancer’s not the death sentence it used to be,” said Thompson. “When I was diagnosed, I got on the internet and thought, ‘I’m going to die,’ because I didn’t have good information. We want to get credible information out to patients.”

The group now places a portfolio of information in area doctor’s offices. The packet, put together by the American Cancer Society and BVBCS, addresses topics such as understanding pathology reports and locating sources for breast prosthesis and wigs. It includes a letter from the five women along with their cell phone numbers, questions to ask the doctor and places to find accurate facts.

“We’ve been so successful with fundraising,” said Thompson.

“We’re now providing resources to Brazos Valley women for things like lymphedema sleeves.

We can’t answer the medical questions, but we can answer ‘how do you feel inside?’ This probably sounds crazy, but if somebody said, ‘Okay, Nora what if we could take it away and you’d never have had breast cancer, I’d say no. Because of

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Practicing Breast Self-Awareness Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

Breast self-awareness can help women notice changes in the breasts and alert a doctor promptly.

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arly detection of breast cancer is the single-most effective way to beat the disease. That is why it is essential for women to conduct their own breast exams to discover any potential anomalies early on.

While doctors stress the importance of self-examination, many women still show up for routine wellness visits admitting they don’t do examinations because they simply don’t know how. Perhaps because the practice was given the formal name “breast self-exam.” Today, however, doctors tell women to have “breast self-awareness.”

That means women don’t have to follow a set protocol regarding checking for breast changes, and simply being aware of how the breasts look and feel is key.

Why the change in the formalities?

Doctors have

- changes in breast size, shape, skin texture, or color - dimpling or puckering of the breast - discharge from the nipples - scaliness of the skin - nipple pulling to one side - lump or mass in the breast - enlarged lymph node under the arm Any changes or questions about breast condition should be promptly brought up with a doctor.

• Women should know their risk for breast cancer. While there isn’t a definitive genetic correlation, the high rate of breast cancer in one family may mean a particular woman is more at risk.

• Get routine screenings at a doctor’s office. Women over the age of 40 should get a mammogram every year.

determined that most women notice a lump in their breasts while doing routine activities, such as bathing or dressing.

They also figured out that a formal method of examining the breasts was not necessary.

Lumps can be found simply by touching the breasts in any pattern, as long as the entire breast is checked.

To demystify the process even further, follow these guidelines.

• Breasts are best checked for changes directly after a menstrual period. At this time the breast tissue will be softer and less tender due to diminishing hormone levels.

• Look at the breasts every day and notice their appearance and shape. Recognizing subtle differences can help alert a doctor if something is amiss.

• Be conscious of these changes:

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Screenings

By Billy Mau Eagle Special Project Editor

B

reast cancer screening means checking a woman’s breasts for cancer before there are signs or symptoms of the disease.

Three main tests are used to screen the breasts for cancer.

Talk to your doctor about which tests are right for you, and when you should have them. * Mammogram: The most effective means to detecting breast cancer, a mammogram is an X-ray of the breast.

Mammograms can detect breast cancer early, when it is easier to treat and before it is big enough to feel or cause symptoms. Having regular mammograms can lower

the risk of dying from breast cancer. If you are age 40 years or older, be sure to have a screening mammogram every one to two years. * Clinical breast exam: A clinical breast exam is an examination by a doctor or nurse, who uses his or her hands to feel for lumps or other changes. * Breast self-exam: A breast self-exam is when you check your own breasts for lumps, changes in size or shape of the breast, or any other changes in the breasts or underarm (armpit).

Having a clinical breast exam or a breast self-exam does not decrease risk of dying from breast cancer.

If you choose to have clinical breast exams and to perform breast self-exams, be sure you also get regular mammograms.

Breast cancer screenings are typically available at clinics, the local hospital or a doctor’s office. If you want to be screened for breast cancer, call your doctor’s office. They can help you schedule an appointment. Most health insurance companies pay for the cost of breast cancer screening tests.

For more information on cancer prevention and control, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Web site at www. cdc.gov/cancer.

Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

Crucial in Breast Cancer Detection

Safe and Sound A

younger than 19, fewer than 25 per 100,000 cases of breast cancer occur each year. Many benign breast lumps are products of hormonal activity or other normal body functions. While they tend to wax and wane in teenage girls, many are removed in biopsy due to parents’ or doctors’ concerns.

Dr. Vade said lumps that require surgical attention are those that show progressive growth, are found in patients who have malignant tumor elsewhere in the body or appear in patients with family history of cancer.

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with breast lumps, including one girl with a lump in each breast.

The ultrasounds revealed that 15 of the 21 appeared to be benign, while six were suspicious.

Doctors followed up with excisional biopsies, the currently accepted method of treatment, or other clinical exams to test the lumps. They were all benign.

Dr. Aruna Vade, lead author of the study and a professor of radiology at Loyola, said that the study suggests an excisional biopsy is not needed if the ultrasound produces unsuspicious results. Excisional biopsies can leave scars or change the shape of the breast. For girls

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surefire way to ascertain whether a breast lump is malignant is to perform a biopsy.

But for teenage girls, breast cancer is rare and the biopsy process can leave permanent damages. That’s why a new study’s discovery that ultrasound exams on teenage girls can accurately show if a lump is benign is such welcome news.

Radiologists in the study, published in the American Journal of Roentgenology, Leesburg, Va., by the Loyola University Health System, Chicago, performed ultrasound exams on 20 girls ages 13-19

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Teenage girls can use ultrasound exams rather than invasive biopsies to determine if breast lumps are cancerous.

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‘Meta’ Warning Signs

F

orty-seven million Americans suffer from metabolic syndrome, a condition related to insulin resistance marked by abdominal obesity, high blood sugar and high blood pressure.

Doctors already know that metabolic syndrome can heighten risks for heart disease and diabetes.

Now a team of researchers across America has found it may also be related to postmenopausal breast cancer.

Because the metabolic syndrome results in increased insulin levels, researchers believe that associated effects on interrelated hormones such as estrogen may occur. Ultimately, says researcher Dr. Geoffrey C Kabat of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, more progress can be made. “However, much more work is needed to understand the role of these metabolic factors and their interplay with better established breast cancer risk factors, such as reproductive and hormonal factors.”

Previous studies, according to Dr. Kabat, had inconsistently attempted to identify individual components of breast cancer and metabolic syndrome, and his study was the first to assess whether women with

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A new study uses a well-known condition to predict who might be at risk for postmenopausal breast cancer...

“This study suggests that having the metabolic syndrome itself or some of its components may increase a woman’s risk of postmenopausal breast cancer,” says Dr. Kabat, an epidemiologist.

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markers for metabolic syndrome were also at risk for breast cancer.

The study followed almost 5,000 women, ages 50-79, who had displayed symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Of those women, 165 were diagnosed with breast cancer without diabetes, and the researchers found that those with metabolic syndrome in the three to five years prior to their diagnosis had a doubling of risk for breast cancer.

Elevated blood sugar, triglyceride and diastolic blood pressure levels also were markers of breast cancer risk.

Dr. Tim Byers, associate for the Colorado School of Public Health, Denver, says this study suggests a concrete link between breast cancer and increased weight.

“We have assumed that the relationship between weight and breast cancer risk is due to increased circulating estrogens among postmenopausal women who are overweight or obese,” he says. “An alternative explanation is explored here: that some other aspect of the metabolic syndrome might be involved, such as growth stimulating effects of insulin, or insulin-like growth factors.”

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Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

More Than a Mammogram Yearly breast exams are on every woman’s to do list, but for women with a high risk for breast cancer, mammograms aren’t the only option.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer Not Always Easy to Discover

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the breast could be indicative of breast cancer, and women who notice any of these symptoms should report them to their physician immediately and schedule a screening.

• a lump in the underarm area • nipple discharge other than breast milk • persistent pains in the breast • skin irritation or dimpling • swelling of the breast, be it all or part of the breast • redness of the nipple or breast skin • scaliness of the nipple or breast skin • thickening of the nipple or breast skin For more information on breast cancer, visit the American Cancer Society Web site at www. cancer.org.

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W

ith respect to cancer, survival almost always depends on detection. In general, the earlier cancer is detected, the more likely a person is to survive.

Such is the case with breast cancer. When breast cancer is detected in its earliest stage (stage 0), the rate of recovery is 100 percent. However, when breast cancer is not detected until its later stages, the survival rate is less than 20 percent.

Such a reality underlies the importance of early detection.

While an abnormality in the breast often shows up on a mammogram, women can also look and feel for additional symptoms as well. According to the American Cancer Society, the following unusual changes in

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Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

Breast Cancer Treatments Go Meta New tests can pinpoint risk for Metastasis

M

etastasis via the blood stream is the most common cause of death in breast cancer patients, but a new medical finding could soon make it testable and, ultimately, more easily preventable.

In a new study by New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, funded by the National Cancer Institute, researchers identified a new breast cancer metastasis marker called Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis (TMEM).

The density of the TMEMmarker was more than double in patients that developed systemic metastases compared with the patients with only localized breast cancer.

“Currently, anyone with a breast cancer diagnosis fears the worst, that

the cancer will spread and threaten their lives,” says senior author Dr. Joan G. Jones, professor of clinical pathology and laboratory medicine at Weill Cornell Medical College.

“A tissue test for metastatic risk could alleviate those worries, and prevent toxic and costly measures like radiation and chemotherapy.”

According to the National Cancer Institute, 40 percent of breast cancer patients suffer a relapse and develop metastatic disease, and more than 40,000 women die from it each year.

“If patients can be better classified as either low risk or high risk for metastasis, therapies can be custom tailored to patients, preventing over-treatment or under-treatment of the disease,” says Dr. Brian D. Robinson, resident in Anatomic

By MaTThew M. F. Miller ctW FEatUrES

Pathology at NewYorkPresbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center and coauthor of the study.

The discovery could directly impact survival rates by giving doctors the ability to assess each individual’s likelihood to develop metastasis based on more accurate information.

“Traditionally, the likelihood of breast cancer metastasis is estimated based on tumor size, tumor differentiation – how similar or dissimilar the tumor is compared to normal breast tissue – and whether it has spread to the lymph nodes,” Jones says. “While these are useful measures, TMEM density directly reflects the blood-borne mechanism of metastasis, and therefore may prove to be more specific and directly relevant.”

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Rare

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Form of Breast Cancer P

aget’s disease of the breast is a very rare form of breast cancer, accounting for only about 5 percent of all breast cancer cases. It generally occurs in women over the age of 50 and affects the ducts of the breast, then extends to the skin of the nipple and areola. Because of its location and generally benign symptoms, many women mistake the cancer for a skin irritation.

Symptoms can include flaking and scaling of the skin, redness, irritation, oozing on the nipple resembling eczema, and itching,

among other symptoms. As a result, most women live with these symptoms and don’t see a doctor until months later.

It is unknown what causes Paget’s. Some doctors surmise it is the result of an underlying cancer in the ducts of the breast, which then travels to the nipple.

Others think it could be mutated cells on the nipple itself.

The risk factors for Paget’s disease of the breast are the same for any breast cancer. Routine self-examination and visits to a doctor if symptoms are present can catch the disease early on.

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Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

Living better means coping better The study focused on 267 women with breast cancer

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strategy. Keeping feelings to oneself was the least used coping strategy and its use remained consistently low over time.

Those reporting a poorer quality of life were more likely to use multiple coping strategies at subsequent time points. This finding suggests that people adapt their coping strategies in response to problems with which they are dealing. As quality of life increased, fewer coping mechanisms were needed.

“We emphasize, however, that this finding is suggestive and not definitive,” Danhauer says. “The relationship between coping strategies and quality of life is complicated and future studies should examine this reciprocal relationship.”

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among younger women with breast cancer to see if the opposite might be true – that quality of life determines the use of coping strategies.”

The study focused on 267 women with breast cancer, with a mean age of 43 years, who completed surveys within six months of diagnosis and follow-up surveys six weeks and six months later. Researchers discovered that the coping strategies in younger women changed over time. Seeking social support, spirituality, wishful thinking and making changes decreased over time and detachment increased, all leading to positive cognitive restructuring (reinterpreting something stressful as positive or helpful), which was the most frequently used coping

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C

oping with a cancer diagnosis isn’t easy for anyone, but a new study finds that as a woman’s quality of life increases over time, coming to terms with breast cancer requires fewer coping mechanisms.

“It is generally assumed that coping strategies impact quality of life, with more active coping strategies generally associated with better quality of life,” says Suzanne C. Danhauer, Ph.D., assistant professor at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, N.C., and lead investigator of these analyses. “This research examined coping strategies over time and the reciprocal relationship between coping strategies and quality of life

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Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

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Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

Understanding

Breast Cancer

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ach year, Mother’s Day in the United States helps shed light on the problem of breast cancer. Heightened efforts at raising awareness of breast cancer around Mother’s Day include the cooperation of many corporations, including Major League Baseball, whose players use pink bats in a show of support for breast cancer victims and survivors.

But breast cancer is an issue that extends beyond the month of May, and many people might be surprised to learn of breast cancer’s prevalence. In the United States alone, breast cancer incidence in women is 1 in 8, or roughly 13 percent. In fact, among women in the U.S., breast cancer rates are higher than those of any cancer besides lung cancer.

With such staggering figures, it’s important for both women and men (who can also suffer from breast cancer) to gain a greater understanding of this deadly disease.

What Is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer is an uncontrolled growth of breast cells. Any type of cancer is the result of mutations in genes responsible for regulating the growth of cells and keeping them healthy. In a healthy body,

the cells replace themselves in an orderly fashion, as healthy new cells take over as old ones die out. When mutations occur, changed cells gain the ability to keep dividing without control or order, producing more similar cells and forming a tumor.

In the case of breast cancer, cancerous cells gradually invade nearby healthy breast tissue and make their way into the underarm lymph nodes, which are small organs that filter out foreign substances in the body.

If the cancer reaches the lymph nodes, it then has a pathway into other parts of the body. Upon diagnosis, a patient will be told what stage of breast cancer they are in, which tells how far the cancer has spread beyond the original tumor.

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Are There Risk Factors for Breast Cancer?

Breast Cancer C

Survivors

elebrity may bring a person riches and fame, but it cannot protect against cancer. There are many famous women who have experienced breast cancer and beat the disease. Here’s a look at some of them.

1. Suzanne Somers. The famous infomercial guru and former star of “Three’s Company” battled breast cancer, facing controversy when she opted for holistic treatment over standard treatment.

2. Olivia Newton John. The Australian singer and star of the wildly popular movie, “Grease,” was diagnosed in 1992. Newton John had a mastectomy and breast reconstruction.

family of actors. She was also a breast cancer survivor.

6. Anastacia. The pop singer was diagnosed in 2003 and now does her part for raising awareness.

7. Christina Applegate. The child and adult star underwent surgery to have both her breasts removed in an operation known as a prophylactic double mastectomy after experiencing cancer and discovering she carries the gene for it. She’s learned from the experiences of her mother, a double breastcancer survivor.

8. Melissa Etheridge. The singer is doing quite well after a 2004 diagnosis. She is well known for singing bald at a Janis

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3. Rue McClanahan. The late star of “Golden Girls” found a lump in 1997.

4. Linda Ellerbee. A journalist and 1991 survivor, Ellerbee had a bilateral mastectomy.

5. Lynn Redgrave. The late Ms. Redgrave hailed from a

Joplin tribute concert while undergoing treatment.

9. Kate Jackson and Jaclyn Smith. These two “Charlie’s Angels” both survived breast cancer.

10. Edie Falco. The actress discovered the cancer in 2003 and secretly battled it.

11. Cynthia Nixon. The “Sex and the City” star was diagnosed in 2006 and first kept the news a secret for fear of being hounded by the paparazzi.

12. Sheryl Crow. The singer caught her breast cancer early in 2006 with a routine mammogram.

13. Kylie Minogue. The Australian singer almost missed the diagnosis until her intuition told her to be tested again. A partial mastectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation followed.

14. Robin Roberts. The news anchor discovered a lump in 2007 after a self-examination.

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BreastCancer.org notes that there are factors a woman or man can control that might lessen their risk for breast cancer.

Those risks include: • Weight. Post-menopausal women in particular can reduce their risk of breast cancer by maintaining a healthy weight. Fat tissue is the body’s main source of estrogen after menopause, and having more fat tissue means higher estrogen levels, which increases breast cancer risk.

• Diet. Many cancers are linked to diet, but studies have yet to show for certain which types of foods increase the risk for breast cancer. In general, it’s good to restrict sources of red meat and other animal fats, such as fats from dairy products. Some studies have shown that eating a lot of red and/or processed meats is associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. Eating a diet low in fat and rich in fruits and vegetables is often recommended to reduce cancer risk.

• Exercise. The American Cancer Society recommends engaging in 45 to 60 minutes of physical exercise 5 or more days per week, as evidence continues to mount that exercise can reduce breast cancer risk.

• Alcohol and smoking.

Alcohol limits the liver’s ability to control blood levels of estrogen, which can increase risk of breast cancer. Similarly, smoking has been associated with a small increase in breast cancer risk.

BreastCancer.org also notes additional risk factors for breast cancer can include recent oral contraceptive use, stress and anxiety and exposure to estrogen.

While all of the mentioned risk factors are within an individual’s control, there are a host of additional factors beyond a person’s control that can increase risk of breast cancer.

These factors include age, family history, personal history, and race among others.

For more information on breast cancer, visit www. breastcancer.org.

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Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is always an ideal approach, but breast cancer is never the fault of the individual. A balanced diet, a lifestyle that includes abstaining from smoking and drinking alcohol in excess and regular exercise are all ways to stay healthy, but none will guarantee a woman or man will not get breast cancer.

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Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

Remember the

Mammogram

Counseling, doctor-generated reminders increase screening rates in low-income women

By TanieSha roBinSon ctW FEatUrES

A

mammogram isn’t exactly the type of procedure that women across the nation line up for. Yet, the turnout among low-income women – even with health insurance – continues to trail that of upper-income women.

“Health insurance is a necessary condition for screening, but it is apparently not a sufficient condition,” says Nasar Ahmed, Ph.D., chair of epidemiology and biostatistics at the Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work at Florida International University.

What may increase the likelihood of mammography screening among low-income women is counseling, according to research led by Ahmed and published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

Ahmed’s group of researchers identified 2,357 low-income women with health insurance

who did not receive recommended screening mammograms and randomly assigned them to one of three groups: a control group, a group that received a reminder from their managed care organization in letter form and a group that received a second letter of reminder from their doctor and counseling if still non-compliant to screenings.

The screening rate in the control population was only 13.4 percent.

That rate increased to 16.1 percent for the women who received a letter from their managed care organization. The likelihood of screenings increased 80 percent for those women who received a letter from their doctor and tripled after receiving personal counseling. The rate of the women in the personal counseling group was 27.1 percent, a significant increase but

nonetheless, well below general population rates.

This study suggests that there are challenges beyond finances that face women of lowincome populations, says James Marshall, a professor of oncology at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute and a senior editor of Cancer Epidemiology who has no affiliation with the study. “A middle-class person can hop in their car and go to the clinic,” Marshall says. “How does a lowincome woman find someone to watch her kids and find the transportation? Also, middleclass people take the culture of bureaucracy for granted, but it can be intimidating for lowincome people.”

Marshall says that Roswell Park has effective programs where lay health counselors go into churches of low-income areas to reach women. He adds: “A person from the community can make all the difference in the message.”

Stages of Breast Cancer B

reast cancer comes in many stages.

The rate of survival improves the earlier the cancer is detected.

Stage 0: Cancerous cells have not spread outside of the ducts or lobules into surrounding breast tissue. This stage is classified in two types, ductual carcinoma in situ and lobular carcinoma in situ. This is a very early cancer, which, if caught promptly, can be successfully treated.

Stage I: The cancer is no larger than 2 centimeters and has not spread beyond the breast to lymph nodes.

Stage IIA: The tumor can be larger than 2 centimeters but no larger than 5. Or, the cancer is not larger than 2 centimeters, but has spread to up to three auxiliary underarm lymph nodes.

Stage IIB: The tumor has grown between 2 and 5

centimeters and has spread to up to three auxiliary underarm lymph nodes. Or, the cancer is larger than 5 centimeters but has not spread.

Stage IIIA: The tumor is between 2 and 5 centimeters in size and has spread to at least 9 auxiliary underarm lymph nodes.

Stage IIIB: The tumor has spread beyond the breast to tissues nearby, such as the skin, chest wall, ribs, muscles, or lymph nodes in the chest wall.

Stage IV: The cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.

In terms of 5-year survival rate, individuals with Stage 0 can expect 100 percent recovery. Individuals with Stage IV, however, have a 16 percent survival rate.

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hanks to a new development in genomic testing, breast cancer patients may now have a better understanding of their disease and how best to fight it. A multi-institutional team of scientists has designed a method that can help clinicians predict the survival rate of patients and how to most effectively treat their cancer.

Using equipment present in most hospital laboratories, researchers measured the activity level of more than 20,000 genes to better understand those genes that might be “turned on” or “turned off ” in each tumor and how a disease might progress.

“Here we have developed a method that can be used in the everyday clinic and has the potential to benefit all breast cancer patients,” says study coauthor Charles Perou, Ph.D., associate professor of genetics and pathology in the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill. “Based

on the genomics of a tumor, we can make good predictions about how a patient might do, but we can also define predictive markers that tell us which drugs to give patients.”

Using DNA microarrays, Perou's team scanned thousands of genes within tumor samples of breast cancer patients. Classifying genes into one of five categories, researchers were able to identify specific genomic signatures corresponding to distinct disease outcomes. Research also showed that the test could predict how a tumor will respond to common chemotherapy regimens.

“We've demonstrated that this test can predict the likelihood a patient will relapse and can define the biologic subtype of their tumor – pieces of information that together could be used to make treatment decisions,” Perou says. “The idea is for clinicians to use this knowledge to help determine what drugs a patient should get and should not get.”

Elevating Estrogen Traditional breast cancer treatment involves lowering estrogen, but a new study finds that the opposite may be beneficial when anti-estrogen treatments don’t work.

W

hen the accepted wisdom for cancer treatment no longer works, sometimes the best idea is to try the reverse.

A team led by Dr. Matthew J. Ellis, an oncologist at Washington University in St. Louis’ Stieman Cancer Center and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, found that for metastatic breast cancer patients who no longer respond to traditional anti-estrogen treatments, a daily dose of estrogen may aid recovery. Doctors gave 66 postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer caused by excess estrogen, which accounts for 75 percent of all breast cancer tumors, and who had previously received the anti-estrogen treatment called aromatase inhibitor treatment either six or thirty grams of estrogen a day to see what would happen. Thirty percent of the tumors, which had reappeared or resumed growth under the anti-estrogen treatment, shrank or stopped growing.

“We found that estrogen treatment stopped disease progression in many patients,” Dr. Ellis says, “and was much better tolerated than

chemotherapy would have been."

Dr. Ellis’s team was able to predict which women would respond the best by examining PET scans of the patients’ tumors. When tumors treated with estrogen flared or glowed on the scan, 80 percent of them experienced clinical benefits from the treatment. The lower dose of estrogen was just as effective as the higher dose, good news since the higher dose tended to cause more severe side effects such as breast tenderness, vomiting or headaches.

The six-gram dose raises estrogen levels to that of an ovulating woman.

The thirty percent of women whose tumors benefited from the estrogen often saw a recurrence of cancer, but their tumors were often significantly more responsive to the aromatase inhibitor treatment that had previously failed.

About 40,000 women per year die from metastatic breast cancer, and this treatment, Dr. Ellis claims, could help thousands of them. The treatment costs less than a dollar a day to use.

Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

DNA Research Leads to Personalized Treatment

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— Charles Perou, Ph.D., associate professor of genetics and pathology in the UNC School of Medicine

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“Based on the genomics of a tumor, we can make good predictions about how a patient might do, but we can also define predictive markers that tell us which drugs to give patients.”

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Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

Healing Moves Exercise aids in breast cancer recovery

By Taniesha Robinson CTW Features

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reatment for breast cancer often leaves survivors with stiffness and pain in their arms and shoulders, restricting movement. Fortunately, there’s an everyday solution to this common problem: exercise.

Physicians have long prescribed arm and shoulder exercises after surgery to prevent pain in the areas surrounding the cancer, but a new review of 24 research studies comprising 2,132 breast cancer patients finds that exercise programs can also help patients recover shoulder and arm movement.

Today, a team comprised of a wide range of health professionals including surgeons and oncologists work together to provide optimal care after breast cancer treatment.

“This review demonstrates that early involvement of a new team member who manages exercise or physical therapy is also useful for the best outcome,” says Douglas Blayney, M.D., medical director

at the University of Michigan’s Comprehensive Cancer Center.

According to the review, starting exercise within the first to third day after surgery might result in better shoulder movement in the early weeks following surgery. However, “starting exercise that soon after surgery may cause more wound drainage and require drains to remain in place longer than if exercise is delayed by about one week,” says lead review author McNeely, an assistant professor of physical therapy at the University of Alberta and clinical researcher at the Cross Cancer Institute, Canada.

Wounds healed, on average, a day later with early exercise.

Fourteen of the reviewed studies compared improvements in shoulder and arm movements of post-treatment groups of women that received an exercise pamphlet with those who did not.

Those who followed structured programs including physical therapy regimens in the early

postoperative period showed a significant improvement in shoulder range of motion.

Blayney said that he finds few things as disheartening as witnessing breast cancer survivors in long-term followup who are burdened with a “frozen” shoulder or daily use of a lymphedema sleeve, an elastic compression garment worn over the arm to help move fluid and reduce swelling.

“Implementation of modern primary treatment strategies – including early intervention with suitable exercises – should reduce the incidence of these heartbreaking complications,” Blayney says.

The Cochrane Collaboration, an international organization that evaluates medical research, published this review, which drew evidence-based conclusions considering the content and quality of existing medical trials on the topic.

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Origins of the Pink Ribbon annual Breast Cancer Awareness Month issue. The previous year she had worked with cosmetics giant Estee Lauder. Evelyn Lauder, the senior corporate vice president, was herself a breast cancer survivor. Penney thought a collaboration between the magazine and Lauder could see a ribbon on cosmetic counters across the nation, and help sell a few magazines in the process.

The trouble was Penney had read a story about a 68-year-old woman, Charlotte Haley, who was producing handmade ribbons in her home. Haley had a number of people in her immediate family who had battled breast cancer and her handmade “peach” ribbons intended to raise awareness about the limited government funds being used for breast cancer research. Haley’s message was spreading by word of mouth.

Penney and Lauder contacted Haley and wanted to further collaborate on the peach ribbon theme. However, Haley didn’t want to be involved, saying the effort would be too commercial.

She refused to turn over rights to

the use of the peach ribbon. As a result, Penney consulted with attorneys who said to come up with another color, and pink was eventually chosen.

Pink had already been associated with breast cancer in the past. Just a few years earlier, the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation had given out pink visors to its “Race for the Cure” participants. It had also created a pink ribbon.

The pink ribbon quickly took off by leaps and bounds. Millions were distributed by Estee Lauder.

There are many philanthropic and commercial businesses who now use the pink ribbon in their breast cancer marketing plans.

Every October, women are urged to don pink for Breast Cancer Awareness Month. One can find the pink ribbon adorning everything from cereal boxes to cans of cleanser.

Many embrace the pink ribbon as a symbol of hope, one that has done its share of work toward spreading the word about the need for more breast cancer awareness and research.

Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

T

hese days ribbons are worn for many different causes.

Red signifies AIDS awareness.

A yellow ribbon has long represented support for armed forces. However, one of the most prominent ribbon colors is pink, which aims to raise awareness of and support for breast cancer.

Pink is a color that is uniquely feminine, and it also represents a person full of health and vibrancy; think of little babies pink with life. Pink is also a color that seems the complete antithesis of cancer, and thusly inspires hope for renewed health and survival.

There is some controversy surrounding the origins of the breast cancer mascot, the pink ribbon. There are also suggestions that the ribbon was intended to be peach and not pink.

In 1992, just about every organization started using ribbons to raise awareness. The New York Times actually dubbed 1992 “The Year of the Ribbon.” Alexandra Penney, the then-editor of Self magazine, wanted to create a ribbon for the publication’s second

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Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

Thrice as Troublesome Triple-negative breast cancer impacts African Americans’ chances of successful treatment

By Taniesha Robinson CTW Features

W

omen with African ancestry may find successful breast cancer treatment options more elusive than others, according to a new study. Research from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, links African ancestry to triple-negative breast cancer, a type that has fewer treatment options.

The study shows that among women with triple-negative breast cancer, 16 percent are white Americans, 26 percent are African Americans and 82 percent are African. Triple negative breast cancer garners its name from its clinically negative response to three specific markers that are used to determine treatment: the estrogen receptor, the progesterone receptor and HER-2/neu.

“The most significant recent advances in breast cancer treatment have involved targeting these three receptors,” says study author Lisa A. Newman, professor of surgery at the University of Michigan Medical School and director of the university’s Breast Care Center. “But these treatments do not help women with triplenegative breast cancer. Outcome disparities are therefore likely to

increase, because fewer AfricanAmerican women are candidates for these newer treatments.”

Of the breast cancer patients studied, 1,008 were white, 581 were African American, and 75 were Ghanaian. Not only were Ghanaian women more likely to test negative for each of the three markers, their diagnoses involved more advanced cancers with larger tumors and at younger ages than American women.

Prior studies have shown that African-American women are actually less likely than white women to develop breast cancer, but those diagnosed are usually younger and more likely to die from the disease. Other studies have correlated hereditary breast cancer with racial-ethnic identity.

“African ancestry might be associated with other links to hereditary predisposition for particular patterns of breast cancer,” Newman says. “We hope that by studying breast cancer in African and AfricanAmerican women we can identify biomarkers that might be useful for assessing risk or treating triplenegative breast cancer.”

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By TanieSha roBinSon ctW FEatUrES

I

t seems that breast cancer survivors are bringing new meaning to the descriptive phrase “young and rebellious.” A new study of women with early-stages of breast cancer finds that fewer than half of breast cancer survivors adhere to their prescribed hormonal therapy regimen. Those women under age 40 are even less likely to complete the term for medicinal treatment.

“We were surprised to see that so many young women stopped treatment early, despite the fact that the therapy has a proven track record of reducing breast cancer recurrence,” says Dawn Hershman, MD, the study’s leader and associate professor of medicine and epidemiology at Columbia University Medical Center.

“Perhaps we need to do a better job of making patients aware that to get the full benefit of treatment, they need to take their medications on time and for the full duration.”

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Hormone therapy, such as tamoxifen and aromatase, commonly lasts up to five years, yet only 40 to 60 percent of women with hormonesensitive breast cancers finish the course of their treatment.

Hershman and her colleagues examined automated pharmacy records of 8,769 women diagnosed with stage I, II or III of hormone-sensitive breast cancer between 1996 and 2007. Thirty-two percent of women in the study had discontinued hormone therapy by the 4.5-year mark, and only 72 percent of those who continued actually finished on schedule. Women under age 40 were more likely to discontinue therapy.

“It’s very disturbing that patients under 40 had the highest discontinuation and non-adherence rates, because those patients have the longest life expectancy,” Hershman says. “If we can better understand the issues surrounding compliance with hormonal therapy, this

might help us understand why patients don’t adhere to other treatments that are moving out of the clinic and into the home, such as oral chemotherapy, as often as we would like.”

There are several factors that could be contributing to this trend, Hershman says. Joint pain, hot flashes and fatigue are all side effects that can push women to stop therapy.

High insurance or medication costs and not completely understanding the benefit of therapy may also be factors, Hershman adds.

“This new study reaffirms some worrisome trends for women completing hormonal therapy, and brings up the larger issue of non-compliance for cancer therapies in general,” says Jennifer Obel, an American Society of Clinical Oncology breast cancer expert. She adds that she and other researchers “need to identify reasons why patients don’t take their drugs before [they] can find ways to reverse this trend.”

Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

Hormone Holdout

An alarming number of breast cancer patients stop meds before treatment has ended

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Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

Breast Cancer Breakthrough An iron-regulating protein may just spare women from the fate of intense treatment

By Danielle CaDeT ctW FEatUrES

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reast cancer patients may be able to avoid invasive and toxic treatments thanks to a new study, published in the online version of the journal, Science Translational Medicine. Researchers at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center (WFUBMC) found that low levels of ferroportin, the only known protein to eliminate iron from cells, are associated with the most aggressive and recurring cancers. The findings suggests that testing for ferroportin levels in women with breast cancer may one day help doctors to more accurately predict the likelihood of the cancer’s return, helping some women avoid treatments such as chemotherapy.

“Ferroportin expression may help predict whether women who have had breast cancer will relapse or not,” says Frank M. Torti, M.D., director of the

Comprehensive Cancer Center at WFUBMC, and senior author on the paper and co-lead investigator for the study. Torti added that the results suggest that levels of ferroportin may eventually help guide therapy for breast cancer patients.

Drawing on the hypothesis that iron may be altered in breast cancer and that the alteration might be important in the behavior of the cancer, researchers first found a significant reduction of ferroportin in cancerous cells compared to that of normal breast cells. After artificially restoring ferroportin to near normal levels in an aggressive breast cancer cell line, they noticed that these cells grew more slowly than the tumors formed by cells with depleted levels of protein.

According to Suzy V. Torti, Ph.D., an associate professor of biochemistry at Wake Forest

Baptist and co-lead investigator on the paper, the reason for these findings is simple. “In the case of cancer, the ability to remove iron from cells is reduced by the depleted ferroportin levels, and as a result, iron accumulates in cancer cells. Cancer cells require iron, which allows the tumor to grow faster and perhaps become more aggressive. Because ferroportin can remove iron from the cell, when we put the protein back into the cell, the ferroportin removed the cancer’s growth stimulus. Our findings suggest that ferroportin is a substantial influence on the behavior of the cancer,” she says.

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), funded the study.

A Small Step Forward B Researchers make a groundbreaking discovery

By Danielle Cadet CTW Features

to take the genetic reason a person has developed cancer and make it a target,� says study co-author Susan M. Domchek, M.D., associate professor of medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and director of the Cancer Risk Evaluation Program at Penn’s Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia. “Most of the time we look at what is going on in the tumor itself and then figure out how to target it. But in this situation, the women all had an inherited mutation in either BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene and we could exploit that weakness in the tumor.� She added that this strategy might cause fewer side effects for patients.

The new agent, called olaparib, inhibits a protein called poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Both PARP and the BRCA proteins are involved in DNA repair. Although cells seem to be able to

do without one or the other, a tumor that lacks a BRCA gene and PARP puts pressure on the cells, causing them to die. “If you put too much stress on the cancer cell, it can’t take it and it falls apart,� Domcheck says.

Since the non-tumor cells in a patient with an inherited BRCA mutation still retain one normal copy of the gene, they are relatively unaffected

by PARP inhibition.

Domcheck says this is particularly important from the perspective of cancer treatment.

Although the results look promising, there is still more to be done.

Domcheck says additional trials will be necessary before olaparib or other PARP inhibitors in development will be ready for use in regular practice.

She urges patients to join in clinical trials in order to further the research efforts and determine how to best use these drugs.

Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

of a therapy that slows tumor growth

reast cancer researchers may have made a major breakthrough by discovering a revolutionary therapy that slows tumor growth in advanced breast cancer patients. According to a report in the July 6 issue of the medical journal The Lancet, a novel therapy designed to attack tumors in patients with a genetic mutation in tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 or BRCA2 slowed tumor growth in 85 percent of women with advanced breast cancer. “This is the first time that we have been able

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Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

And the Cancer

28

Ran Away With the Spoon Many foods are touted as helping cancer survivors get – and stay – well.

Here’s a guide to which foods really do help prevent disease and encourage recovery.

F

oods that do the best job of nourishing our bodies may, at the same time, cause certain cancers to “starve” – at least in a figurative sense.

For example, fresh or frozen berries might inhibit a tumor’s ability to form blood vessels, and without a blood supply, the tumor cannot survive.

Other foods can help prevent cancer from forming in the first

place.

“The relationship between food and cancer is complex,” says Dr. Mark Fesen, a Hutchinson, Kan.-based oncologist and author of “Surviving the Cancer System” (AMACOM, 2009). Scientific studies can be confusing or even contradictory, but the consensus among doctors and researchers is that a daily diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains can protect against

a wide range of cancers.

However, “Your total amount of calories eaten is the most important factor in the risk of developing cancer,” Fesen says.

“Obesity is linked to several cancers, including prostate, colon and breast cancers.”

Substitute fish, poultry and beans for red and processed meats whenever possible, advises epidemiologist Dr. Julia Greer, University of Pittsburgh School

of Medicine.

As for supplements, “The only one I recommend is vitamin D,” which reduces the risk of colorectal and breast cancer, says biochemist Richard Beliveau, chairholder in cancer prevention and treatment at the University of Quebec at Montreal.

Not all of the following cancer-fighting foods are suitable for people undergoing treatment. Cancer patients have

By Dawn Klingensmith CTW Features

special dietary needs they should discuss with their physicians. For example, “Your protein needs increase during treatment,” Greer says, “and because of side effects such as mouth and esophageal sores, eating acidic foods such as tomatoes and citrus fruit is a very bad idea.”

Berries

Berries are bursting with compounds that can slow the growth and metabolism of

Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

cancerous cells. An antioxidant in raspberries has been shown to inhibit cervical cancer growth and may decrease pancreatic cancer risk and skin cancer cell division.

Citrus fruits

Rich in vitamin C, which may fight breast cancer, citrus fruits may also reduce the risk of esophageal cancer. The fruits’ pectin may lower the risk of ovarian cancer and delay the growth of cancerous cells in men diagnosed with recurrent prostate cancer. Peel and eat oranges and grapefruits in sections because spooning them out leaves behind a white membrane packed with cancer-fighting flavonoids, Greer says.

Tomatoes

Tomatoes contain lycopene, which is linked to a decreased risk of pancreatic and prostate cancers. Go ahead and hit the sauce – heating tomatoes does not destroy lycopene; in fact, it enhances it. Ounce for ounce, tomato paste, spaghetti sauce and ketchup contain more lycopene than a raw tomato, Greer says.

Whole grains

High intake levels of whole grains correlate with reduced pancreatic, colon, endometrial and ovarian cancer risks.

Grapes

Red varieties contain high levels of resveratrol, which can decrease or stop the growth of breast, prostate, pancreatic, stomach, liver and colorectal cancers.

Tart cherries

This fruit naturally depletes the body of cancer-causing substances. They can also slow the growth of cancerous cells, particularly in the case of colon and breast cancers.

Pomegranates

Cruciferous vegetables

Studies suggest that broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts,

Nuts and seeds

Nuts and seeds contain healthy monounsaturated fat, which has been shown to protect against breast cancer.

The mineral selenium – found in certain kinds of nuts – may inhibit the development or growth of prostate, lung and bladder cancer cells, while also protecting against colon cancer.

Green tea

“Tea is the best source of anti-cancer compounds called catechins, and green tea contains about three times as much as black tea,” Greer says.

Drinking moderate amounts of red wine may decrease the risk of kidney cancer and Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas.

But beware: Drinking moderate to heavy amounts of alcohol has been shown to increase the risk of cancers of the upper airway and digestive tract, as well as breast and colorectal cancers.

Even one glass of alcohol a day may increase a woman’s risk of getting breast cancer. Beliveau recommends that women limit their intake to one alcoholic beverage per day, and men should have no more than two.

Dark chocolate Extracts of dark chocolate can inhibit the formation of breast, colon and prostate cancers, and can decrease the division rate of liver cancer cells. A 2003 Cornell University study compared the anti-cancer properties of certain beverages and found that unprocessed cocoa had nearly twice the amount of antioxidants as red wine and up to three times more than green tea.

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Green is good – leafy greens, such as spinach, can decrease the risk of breast, colon, skin, lung, head, neck, ovarian and stomach cancers. “Watercress intake, in particular, is associated with decreased ovarian cancer,” Greer says.

Garlic may reduce stomach cancer and women’s risk of colon cancer. Onions may play a role in fighting lung, colon, bladder, skin, prostate, stomach and endometrial cancers, as well as leukemia. Red and yellow onions pack the most nutritional punch.

Red wine

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Leafy greens

Garlic and onions

One study showed that drinking three or more cups of green tea each day reduced the recurrence rate of Stage I breast cancer.

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Pomegranates contain four chemical components that have been shown to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth. Antioxidants found in pomegranates and their juice may also help prevent breast and lung cancer cells from dividing and can even kill cancer cells.

cabbage and bok choy help ward off prostate, lung, breast, head, neck and pancreatic cancers.

“The compounds in cruciferous vegetables have been shown to keep cancers from forming, as well as to slow the growth of tumors that are already present,” Greer says.

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Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

Study shows that regular use of fish oil supplements may reduce risk of breast cancer

F

Something’s Fishy …

In a Good Way

By Taniesha Robinson CTW Features

d awar

RY AR N B ss LEE re COL iated P y B oc Ass —

none of the women had a history of breast cancer and each completed a 24-page questionnaire about their use of non-vitamin, non-mineral “specialty” supplements. Six years later, 880 cases of breast cancer were identified.

While excitement has emerged with increasing evidence about the health benefits of fish oil, White and other medical professionals encourage caution.

“It is very rare that a single study should be used to make a broad recommendation,” said Edward Giovannucci, M.D., professor of nutrition and epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health and an editorial board member of Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, “Over a period of time, as the studies confirm each other, we can start to make recommendations.”

Harvard researchers are now enrolling what they plan to be a study of 20,000 patients on the impact of fish oil supplements and vitamin D on cancer, heart disease and stoke.

Breast Cancer Awareness

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or women, the benefit of a fish filet may go beyond the protein, mental health and the delicious taste. A recent study by researchers at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle links consumption of fish oil supplements with a decreased risk of breast cancer.

Regular consumption of high levels of the omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA contained in fish oil supplements was linked with a 32 percent reduced risk of breast cancer in the study led by Emily White, Ph. D, a member of the public health sciences division.

The Hutchinson study is the first to link these substances to breast cancer. Previous studies of fish intake and omega-3 fatty acids have been inconsistent.

“It may be that the amount of omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil supplements are higher than most people would typically get from their diet,” White said.

White and other researchers followed 35,016 postmenopausal women for six years. Initially,

October is National Breast Cancer Awareness Month

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Let's come together to raise awareness, one person at a time.

Promote Early Detection.

30

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and second leading cause of cancer deaths

in Texas women. In 2009, it was estimated that 15,110 Texas women were newly diagnosed with invasive

breast cancer, and 2,687 would die of the disease. From 2002–2006, a total of 61,446 cases of invasive breast cancer were newly diagnosed in Texas women, with an average of 12,289 cases per year. Breast cancer has killed an average of 2,524 Texans annually from 2002–2006.* These facts and figures are disheartening, but

by raising awareness and promoting early detection, we can help reduce the numbers.

Encourage the women you know to schedule a mammogram & annual physical today.

It could save their lives!

*From Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, January 2010

Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

Breast cancer didn’t catch her by surprise.

Because we caught it first.

October Is Breast Cancer Awareness Month The Eagle

One out of every eight women will develop breast cancer. But statistics show more women survive this diagnosis when it is detected and treated early. If you are 40 or older, or are considered at risk, the American Cancer Society recommends a screening mammogram. Do it for yourself. Do it for your family. Do it now.

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Think Pink • Sunday, October 17, 2010

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