THE GEOGRAPHY OF FOOD INSECURITY
GUIDING THE STRATEGIC EXPANSION OF CHARITABLE FOOD DISTRIBUTION IN DALLAS COUNTY, TX Crossroads Community Services DECEMBER 2014
PREPARED BY The buildingcommunityWORKSHOP is a Dallas based nonprofit community design center seeking to improve the livability and viability of communities through the practice of thoughtful design and making. We enrich the lives of citizens by bringing design thinking to areas of our city where resources are most scarce. To do so, buildingcommunityWORKSHOP recognizes that it must first understand the social, economic, and environmental issues facing a community before beginning work.
SUPPORTED BY As the largest community foundation in Texas and one of the largest in the nation, Communities Foundation of Texas (CFT) works with families, companies and nonprofits to strengthen our community through a variety of charitable funds and strategic grantmaking initiatives. The foundation professionally manages more than 900 charitable funds and has awarded more than $1.3 billion in grants since its founding in 1953. Increasing financial stability of working families is one of the two key focus areas of CFT’s community impact funds. To support this area, CFT has launched the Data Driven Decision-Making (D3) Institute. The D3 Institute is designed to provide organizations that offer programs and services for low-income working families the power to accelerate their development of enduring solutions to the social and economic problems facing this population. www.cftexas.org/D3
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CROSSROADS COMMUNITY SERVICES (CCS) Crossroads Community Services (CCS) works to ensure that all people in Dallas County have ready access to nourishing foods, and to offer life-skills education that can help people accomplish goals that are important to them, including health and weight management goals. CCS partners with more than 60 organizations across Dallas County to deliver food to those most in need. CCS demonstrates an exemplary model of food distribution, using a unique algorithm that allocates the appropriate type and amount of nutritious foods for client and client household. CCS’s service model has been recognized by leading national organizations. Notable accomplishments include delivering more than 2.5 million pounds of food in 2014; partnering with 69 organizations to operate as Community Distribution Partners (CDPs), and providing meals to more than 8,000 households and 21,000 individuals. To further serve those in need in Dallas County, CCS plans to expand its CDP network into new areas by identifying “micro-pockets” of food insecurity and partnering with organizations within these communities to fulfill unmet need.
ABOUT THIS STUDY CCS chose to engage bcWORKSHOP as part of an additional consulting service offered through the Communities Foundation of Texas Data Driven Decision-Making (D3) Institute. bcWORKSHOP is providing Dallas area nonprofit organizations with a data analysis package to inform decision-making on a specific problem or challenge defined by the non-profit.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY To effectively distribute food to those who face food insecurity in Dallas County, Crossroads Community Services works with a network of partner organizations that enable those in need to access nutritious food. This report aims to guide the strategic expansion of this network to areas of Dallas County that are at increased risk of food insecurity and lack access to retail and charitable food providers. Potential partner organizations in each of the targeted areas have been identified to help improve the ability of CCS staff to expand the CDP network to these new parts of Dallas County. This report provides analysis of CCS service delivery; an exploration of CCS client demographics, sub-county estimates of food insecurity; and an expansion of food desert research including retail grocery stores and food pantries. Highlights include:
• 34% of food distributed by CCS to CDP sites flows to Southeastern Dallas County, when analyzing CDP sites active as of September 2014;
• Children under 19 make up 31% of the overall population in Dallas County, but this same age group makes up 46% of CCS clients between 2012 and 2014;
• Roughly ¼ of the food insecure population in Dallas County, about 133,000 people, •
live in areas of concentrated food insecurity (Census Tracts with food insecurity rates greater than or equal to 20%). Much of Dallas County’s food insecure population live in areas that have low accessibility to either retail or charitable food providers.
05
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THE CCS MODEL For $5, CCS can provide one person with enough groceries to prepare 21 balanced meals.1 Prior to 2006, clients received food from CCS’s central location in Downtown Dallas. This proved problematic for those with mental, physical, and transportationrelated-challenges. On average, clients traveled more than 15 miles round-trip to receive food.2 To address these challenges, CCS began partnering with churches, community centers, and other facilities that were more accessible to populations in need. These Community Distribution Partners (CDPs) helped form the next step in the CCS food delivery model – the hub and spoke. This approach reduced the average round-trip distance for CCS clients to only 3.2 miles.3 There are numerous advantages to this hub and spoke model - for CCS, the partner organizations, and the community as a whole. CCS’s central location functions as the “hub,” providing administration, food storage, and distribution to each CDP, the “spokes.” These CDP locations pick-up and redistribute food, with the help of volunteers or staff, to clients closer to their homes. As a result of this approach, CCS has been designated the North Texas Food Bank (NTFB) “Redistribution Partner” - enabling small organizations to participate in the NTFB network. These small partner organizations distribute food to clients within 48 hours of pick-up from CCS. CDP locations have traditionally been small churches, nonprofit agencies, or Dallas Housing Authority (DHA) facilities. Transitional housing facilities and community centers have also participated in the network to varying degrees. Clients that receive service from these locations are generally already affiliated with the CDP organization in some way. To become a client of CCS, individuals must live in Dallas County and be below 185% of the Federal Poverty Line.4
For $5, CCS can provide one person with 21 healthy meals.
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CDP AND CLIENT DISTRIBUTIONS
5
Of CCS clients, roughly a third receive food from the downtown Dallas location – with the remainder receiving food from CDP locations.6 42% of CDP clients receive service from local churches while nonprofit agencies and Dallas Housing Authority sites serve the second and third largest number of clients, respectively. The average monthly allotment of food is roughly19-25 pounds of food per person; however, clients at transitional housing facilities receive ~72 pounds of food per person. CCS has served more than 21,000 individuals in more than 8,000 households between October 2012 and September 2014 at both CDP sites and the downtown location. However, this number varies from the number of clients active at any one time and from the number served through the CDP network, as described below. Clients in central Dallas County are concentrated in West Dallas, Oak Cliff, and near Fair Park; however there have been numerous clients from southeastern Dallas County near Pleasant Grove, Balch Springs, and Seagoville.
CDP CLIENT SERVICE LOCATION TYPES IN SEPTEMBER 2014*
42% CHURCHES 1,750 clients 19 lbs per person
19% DALLAS HOUSING AUTHORITY 774 clients 25 lbs per person
7% COMMUNITY CENTERS 293 clients 23 lbs per person 31% AGENCIES 1,274 clients 23 lbs per person
0.1% TRANSITIONAL HOUSING 4 clients 72 lbs per person
*Please note that CCS visualizations are from client and CDP data current as of September 2014 and reflect only information up until that point in time. Clients and CDP locations added after this are not included in this report. Icons from The Noun Project: Church by Joab Penalva; Greenhouse by Cody Foss; People by Moh Kamaru; and Institution by Phil Buchanan. Dallas Housing Authority logo from the Dallas Housing Authority.
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RL
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1 I - 30
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0
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TOP CDPs BY NUMBER OF CLIENTS 1
Stewpot CNY 400 clients
Legend
2
Balch Springs Food Pantry 300 clients
COMMUNITYCrossroads DISTRIBUTION PARTNERS Community Services Agencies
Churches
Community Distribution Partners
1 -Centers 14 Community Dallas Housing Authority 15 - 34
3
City Food Ministry 266 clients
CLIENTS PER CDP 10 clients 200 clients
Crossroads Communty Services
61 - 89
Walnut Park Assembly of God 234 clients
5
Dallas Bethlehem Center 230 clients
CLIENTS PER CENSUS TRACT 1 - 14 15 - 34 35 - 60 61 - 89 90 - 131
Transitional Housing
35 - 60
4
400 clients
132 - 211
90 - 131 132 - 211
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A GLANCE AT CCS CLIENTS A sample of more than 9,000 individuals in roughly 2,800 households was used to explore the demographic characteristics of CCS clients. The population pyramids below display the relative frequency of different age groups and genders within the CCS client population (top) and the population of Dallas County (bottom). There is a clear overrepresentation of children under the age of 19 within CCS’s client population (46%) compared to Dallas County over all (31%). Population Pyramid of Crossroads Community Services Clients
Population Pyramid of Crossroads Community Services Clients
Male
CCS Clients 8
3.7%
5%
10 to 14 0 to 419 15
3.7% 1.3%
5%
1.9% 2.2% 2.3%
1.9%
0.7% 0.5% 1.1% 0.3% 0.7%0.2% 0.5%
4%
0.3%
4%
0.2%
3.7% 4%3.5%
7085+ to 74 750 to 79 4
805 to 84 9 1085+ to 14
1.9% 2.8% 3%
1.4% 1.1% 0.5%
2.4%
1.9%
0.4% 1.4% 1.1%
3.8%
0.5%
4%
0.4%
3.4% 3.8% 3.3%
0 to 419 15 5 to 924 20
4% 3.6% 3.7% 4.1%
4%3.5% 3.6% 3.7%
3.7% 3.3% 3.4% 2.7% 3.3% 3.3%
10 25 to 14 29 15 30 to 19 34
4% 3.6% 3.4%4% 3.3%3.9%
30 45 to 34 49 35 50 to 39 54
3.3%3.9% 3.6% 3.3%
3.6% 3.6% 4% 3.5%
20 35 to 24 39 25 40 to 29 44
4.1%3.4% 4% 3.3%
2.7% 2.2%
1.5% 1% 1.5%
3% 3.5% 2.3% 3.3% 3.3% 1.7%
40 55 to 44 59 45 60 to 49 64
2.2%
0.7%
0.4% 1% 0.3% 0.7% 0.4% 0.3%
4.1%
3.9% 3% 2.4%3.1%
50 65 to 54 69 55 70 to 59 74 60 75 to 64 79 65 80 to 69 84
4.1% 3.9% 3.5% 3.1%
2.8%
40 55 to 44 59 45 to 64 49 60
2.2% 1.9% 2.5% 1.1%
3.5%
2.3% 2.3%
50 65 to 54 69 55 70 to 59 74
1.3%
3%
60 75 to 64 79 65 80 to 69 84
2.3% 0.9% 0.7% 1.7%
80 to 84
0.7%
7085+ to 74 75 to 79 85+
1.3% 0.8% 0.9% 0.8%
6.6% 7.5%
2.3%
30 45 to to 34 49 35 50 to 39 54
2.3% 2.5% 2% 2.3%
7.5% 5.2%
2.3%
20 35 to 24 39 25 40 to 29 44
2%1.3% 1.9% 2.2%
2.3%
3.8%
5 to 924 20 10 25 to 14 29 15 30 to 19 34
2.2%
7.4%
10
6.6%
5 to 9
7.4%
Dallas County 9
3.8%
0 to 4
7%
7%
Female
5.2%
Dallas County EDUCATION
10, 11
Almost 47% of CCS clients have not completed a high school education, compared to 23% in Dallas County. Conversely, while more than half of the county has at least some college education this is true for only 13% of CCS clients.
12% CCS Clients 11% 26%
13%
29%
< 9th grade < High School
54%
HS Diploma/GED
11%
21% 23%
Some College + Unknown
RACE & ETHNICITY 12, 13
0.001%
There is a clear overrepresentation of Hispanic clients when compared to the demographic make up of the County. Over 65% of CCS clients are Hispanic while only 38.9% of Hispanic individuals make up Dallas County. However, CCS clients are underrepresented in terms of White population relative to the County.
5.3% Asian 6.8% 32.2% White
CCS Clients
26.7%
Dallas County
22% Black or African American
67.5% 38.9% Hispanic (of any race)
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WHERE THE FOOD GOES
14, 15
CDP locations are scattered throughout Dallas County, with clusters near Downtown, in West Dallas, in East Dallas near Loop 12 and I-30, and surrounding Fair Park. CCS delivers 372,000 lbs. of food to CDPs in the southeastern portion of Dallas County each year, roughly 34% of all food distributed to CDP locations. CCS distributes nearly 89,000 pounds of food each month to 60 CDP locations - or more than 1 million pounds annually in addition to food distributed to clients from the main CCS location in Downtown Dallas. However, actual food distributed through CDPs vary from month to month, thus these numbers are estimates of monthly averages.
PERCENT OF FOOD DISTRIBUTED MONTHLY: 38% CHURCHES 34,063 lbs of food 30 locations
7% COMMUNITY CENTERS 6,714 lbs of food 3 locations
33% AGENCIES 29,293 lbs of food 16 locations
22% DALLAS HOUSING AUTHORITY 19,504 lbs of food 10 locations 0.3% TRANSITIONAL HOUSING 288 lbs of food 1 location
89,863 lbs of food distributed monthly to 60 community distribution partners 12
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COMMUNITY DISTRIBUTION PARTNERS Legend Agencies Churches
1,512 -20,000 lbs 20,001 - 50,000 lbs
Community Centers
50,001 - 120,000 lbs
Dallas Housing Authority
120,001 - 562,551 lbs
C Transitional Housing
8 mi
FOOD DISTRIBUTED ANNUALLY (pounds)
Crossroads Community Services A
4
Crossroads Communty CC Services
DHA TH
13
In 2012, 20% of Dallas County Households faced food insecurity compared to only 14.5% of US households. 16
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THE PROBLEM OF MISSING MEALS In 2012, 14.5% of US households had problems accessing meals at some point in the year. This population, defined largely by high rates of unemployment and poverty, must spend upwards of 30% of income to purchase food and eat nutritious meals.17, 18 Food insecurity is not a permanent situation and may affect a food insecure family from seven months to multiple years.19 Regional variations in food insecurity indicate that the southern US faces greater challenges in maintaining food security than the rest of the country, with Texas and Dallas County experiencing food insecurity rates much greater than the national average (18.3% and 20%, respectively). Dallas County is ranked 6th nationally in the number of food insecure individuals with an estimated 476,540 food insecure residents, and $213,512,000 is needed annually to meet their needs.20 Food insecure individuals may have difficulty in accessing nutritious foods for a variety of reasons; however, existing research focuses on financial and environmental burdens related to decreased nutritious food access.21 This report traces the intersection between food insecurity and low access to nutritious foods in Dallas County. Organizations such as the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Feeding America conduct research on food insecurity at the national, state, and county levels, however, sub-county level research is largely unexplored in the professional and academic literature.22, 23, 24 This body of research on food insecure populations can be used to guide sub-county level estimates of food insecurity. To identify strategic locations for expanded CCS service, research on food insecurity can be combined with research that focuses more strictly on the food environment. A growing body of research on food deserts â&#x20AC;&#x201C; areas of poverty that have limited access to grocery stores â&#x20AC;&#x201C; provides a wealth of insight in how to appropriately measure the impact of the food environment on nutritious food intake.25 In order to make the best strategic decision for service expansion, several methodological decisions have been made based on a review of professional and academic literature. PERCENT FOOD INSECURE 26
18.3%
20%
14.5%
UNITED STATES
TEXAS
DALLAS COUNTY 15
FOOD INSECURITY According to guidelines set by the USDA and the United States Census Bureau, food insecurity refers to two distinct situations: low food security and very low food security.27 Food insecurity is not a permanent status - individuals may face food insecurity on a sustained basis or for short periods of time. Food insecure individuals are able to provide meals for themselves most of the time. The period of time when an individual is food insecure has been termed the “gap,” and organizations such as Feeding America have explored these populations and the requirements necessary to provide missed meals to individuals and families in need. The USDA and US Census Bureau, with the annual Current Population Survey (CPS), measure the scope of food insecurity in the US. The survey results are able to provide a glimpse of the scope of food insecurity at the national level.28 Feeding America takes the CPS data to model food insecurity at the state and county levels. A number of factors have been found to be predictors of food insecurity in existing research – poverty, unemployment, percent Hispanic, percent African American, homeownership status, and median incomes.29, 30, 31 While hard data is difficult to come by, this existing body of research does provide enough information to roughly estimate food insecurity at the Census Tract level. Data from the 2013 BLS Consumer Expenditure Survey was used to explore the financial burden of accessing food for at risk populations.32 While households and individuals with higher median household incomes spend more on food in a year, lower median household income groups spend a far greater percentage of their annual income on providing for their basic needs. In the most extreme cases, more than 30% of a household’s income can be attributed to food expenditures. In areas with high burdens of food expenses, it is likely that housing and transportation burdens could have an impact on a household’s ability to reach food security.
FOOD DESERTS The USDA defines food deserts as Census Tracts where more than 20% of the population is in poverty or where the median family income is less than 80% of the area median family income AND where at least 500 people, or 33% of the population, in a tract live further than one mile from a supermarket or grocery store.33 This theme is largely echoed in academic and professional research on the subject, however there is considerable debate regarding the specific thresholds used for both socioeconomic factors and accessibility, as well as which type of food retailers should be included.34, 35, 36 Despite an evolving definition of food deserts in academic literature, this study will focus on the USDA definition of food desert in order to identify areas of food insecurity underserved by food retailers. To identify micropockets of food insecurity, areas that experience high rates of food insecurity are used in place of the poverty thresholds identified by the USDA. While the existing body of research focuses primarily on supermarkets and grocery stores, this research must also focus on the accessibility of food pantries in relationship to retail food providers and food insecure populations. Additionally, this project will focus on examining accessibility using the distance traveled along the road network to more accurately reflect transportation to food providers.
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PROJECTED FOOD EXPENDITURES AND HOUSEHOLD INCOME DALLAS COUNTY, 2013 37
Top 20% earned $190,791
4% spent on food or $7,631
Bottom 20% earned $11,876
LEGEND $100,000 USD $60,000 USD
38% spent on food or $4,512
$30,000 USD $10,000 USD
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FINDING FOOD INSECURITY IN DALLAS COUNTY Of the factors that can predict food insecurity, only unemployment and poverty were used to model food insecurity at the census tract for Dallas County. These two variables were the strongest predictors of food insecurity in a Feeding America report, showing a 0.51% and 0.19% increase in food insecurity for every 1% increase in unemployment and poverty, respectively.38 Using those values, it was possible to derive an estimate of the percentage of the population in a census tract that was at risk of food insecurity. Census tracts with a high risk of food insecurity appear to be concentrated in West Dallas, East Oak Cliff, Cedar Crest, and throughout South Dallas. There are also a few pockets of food insecurity in East Garland, Vickery Meadow, and east of Harry Hines Boulevard in northwest Dallas.
DEMOGRAPHIC COMPARISON 39 25%
African American
21%
62%
Hispanic
37%
34%
Below Poverty
Unemployment
19%
8% 6%
INCOME COMPARISON 40 Median Household Income
$30,638 $55,091
Food Insecure census tracts (>20%)
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All Dallas County census tracts
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-1
0 COMMUNITY DISTRIBUTION PARTNERS Agencies Churches Community Centers
4
PERCENT FOOD INSECURE 0 - 18% 18 - 20%
Dallas Housing Authority Legend
19 - 22%
DallasCountyTracts_DemographicIndicators Crossroads Communty Services
> 27%
Transitional Housing
8 mi
23 - 26%
PercentFoo 0.000000 - 0.092121
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FOOD PROVIDER ACCESSIBILITY ANALYSIS GROCERY STORE ACCESS 41, 42 Areas with greater access to, and choice of grocery stores are represented in darker shades. There are clear distinctions between grocery store accessibility in the north central part of the county and much of the rest of the county. Areas south of the Trinity River have far fewer choices of grocery stores and have a more difficult time accessing stores. Crossroads Communty Services Grocery Stores More access more choice
Less access less choice
1.000000 - 7.000000
FOOD PANTRY ACCESS 43, 44 Food pantry access is concentrated in central portion of Dallas, east and southeast of downtown. There is a smaller concentration of food pantries along I-20 and US 67 near Southwest Center Mall. However, much of the rest of the county has low access to food pantries. Crossroads Communty Services CDP Site North Texas Food Bank HQ North Texas Food Bank Agency Non-NTFB Food Pantry More access more choice
Less access less choice Legend AllFoodPantries <all other values>
Type
20
1.000000 - 7.000000 7.000001 - 13.000000
CDP
13.000001 - 21.000000
NTFB
21.000001 - 29.000000
Other
29.000001 - 42.000000
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0 COMMUNITY DISTRIBUTION PARTNERS Agencies Churches Community Centers Dallas Housing Authority Transitional Housing
Legend Crossroads Communty Services InaccessibileArea
4
8 mi
Indicates area where there is limited access to, or choice of, grocery stores or food pantries. Food is more accessible in areas north and east of the city center. Areas with low access and choice include most of 1.000000 - 7.000000 southeast Dallas County, large parts of western Dallas - 13.000000 County, and portions7.000001 of Pleasant Grove. 13.000001 - 21.000000 21.000001 - 29.000000 29.000001 - 42.000000 21
MICROPOCKETS OF FOOD INSECURITY Residential areas were selected from census tracts with estimated food insecurity rates greater than 20% (1); these areas were then compared with the areas of low accessibility to grocery stores and food pantries to select areas of food insecurity and low accessibility to food providers (2). These areas can be considered micropockets of food insecurity,. However, target service expansion by CCS requires more in-depth identification of target areas. A final selection was identified by the intersection of micropockets and areas that were projected to face negative growth in median household incomes from 2014 to 2019.45 Of these areas, five census tracts merited further investigation (3) due to their consolidation, nearness to other micropockets, and substaintial lack of infrastructure. Each of these neighborhoods is discussed in detail in the following section.
(1)
Census tracts with >20% food insecure population
Residential areas falling within census tracts with >20% food insecure population
1.000000 - 7.000000 7.000001 - 13.000000
Legend DemographicIndicators_Residential selection
13.000001 - 21.000000
(2)
21.000001 - 29.000000 29.000001 - 42.000000
Residential areas falling within census tracts with >20% food insecure population
Areas with limited choice and access to food pantries and grocery stores Residential areas falling within census tracts with >20% food insecure population and within areas of limited choice and access Legend
22
1.000000 - 7.000000 7.000001 - 13.000000
MicroPockets_Better
13.000001 - 21.000000
DemographicIndicators_Residential selection
21.000001 - 29.000000
InaccessibileArea
29.000001 - 42.000000
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Pleasant Mound I - 30
US - 175
Pemberton Hill
Los Encinos-Westhaven
South-Central Pleasant Grove
I - 35E
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-6
7
5
I-4
I - 20
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Southwest Pleasant Grove
0
4
8 mi
Residential area with limited food access, limited food choice, greater liklihood of food insecurity and a projected negative income growth into 2019.
23
POSSIBLE AREAS OF EXPANSION 5 areas have been identified for the possible expansion of the CDP network. Using data from the North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG), the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services (TXDFPS), and Reference USA - in addition to the previously used grocery store and food pantry data - to identify existing assets surrounding the identified neighborhoods.46, 47, 48 Complete listings of assets in the surrounding areas are found in the Appendix. LOS ENCINOS-WESTHAVEN This residential area is a collection of several smaller neighborhoods near Mountain View College in southwest Dallas. While there are a handful of grocery stores in the surrounding area, and an existing NTFB-affiliated food pantry, food assets in the neighborhood are limited. However, two small food pantries that are unaffiliated with the NTFB do operate in the area. Childcare facilities are limited in the area, however numerous churches present an opportunity for possible CDP partnerships. PLEASANT MOUND While CCS already serves 63 individuals in this neighborhood, there is still a need for more food service. Two existing NTFB-affiliated pantries operate in the vicinity, along with 5 grocery stores, however assets in the neighborhood are limited. Service expansion in the area could focus on addressing the estimated food insecure population not served by existing CCS or NTFB locations within the neighborhood. SOUTH CENTRAL PLEASANT GROVE While this census tract is projected to face a drop in median household income through 2019, other areas of existing high food insecurity border much of this area. 4 NTFB pantries currently operate in the area alongside 1 CDP, although retail food options are limited. A larger number of churches operate in the surrounding area, with several immediately in the targeted census tract, and could potentially be recruited to participate in the CCS network. PEMBERTON HILL This neighborhood is roughly half of the overall area of its census tract, which encompasses parts of the Trinity Forest. One existing food pantry operates in Pemberton Hill and has no affiliation with NTFB or CCS. This pantry might be a good entry point in the community in order to expand the number of food insecure individuals and households reached. Additionally, several churches that operate in the area may make viable partners. SOUTHWEST PLEASANT GROVE This portion of Pleasant Grove, just north of US - 175, may provide good opportunity for CDP expansion. Existing food assets include 2 grocery stores and 3 NTFB pantries, although the NTFB pantries are somewhat removed from this community. However, this location may prove difficult to address as assets in the area are largely outside of the targeted area.
24
COCKRELL HILL
Los Encinos-Westhaven Vista Real
Kiest Forest Western Park W ILLINOIS AVE
Los Encinos
WESTMORELAND
Rolling Meadows
UR
40
8
Westhaven
SP
Pecan Grove Park
Encinos Park
Kiest Valley Estates
W KIEST BLVD
O
LO P
Kimball
12
Vista Del Cielo 0Target0.25 Areas
0.5
1 Miles
Primary Recommended Area Community Center Secondary Recommended Area Church
Food Assets NTFB
Child Care
Community Center Assisted Living
Agency
2012 Total Population: 9,532 Food Insecure Population: 2,028 CCS Clients: 36 49
13% African American
Other Assets
Childcare facility (5) NTFB (1) Recommended Area Other Assisted Living Non-NTFB Food Bank (2) High Authority Food Insecurity and Low GroceryGroceryStoresSuperMarkets Store (2) Dallas Housing
DallasHousingAuthority
- Census Tract TransitionalArea1 Housing
TransitionalHousing
Church (27) Community Center Agency (2)
77%
7%
39%
22%
Hispanic
Unemployed
Without High School
In Poverty 25
Pleasant Mound
MILITARY PKWY
Independence Park SCYENE RD
S
Pleasant Mound
M
SA O
ST
U
O
H N
Piedmont/ Scyene S BUCKNER BLVD
0.5
1 Miles Existing
Primary Recommended Area Community Center Secondary Recommended Area Church
Pleasant Grove
CDPs
Child Care Church (1) Community Center Assisted Living
Food Assets NTFB
Agency
45% African American 26
47% Hispanic
Other Assets
NTFB (2) Other Non-NTFB Food Bank GroceryStoresSuperMarkets Grocery Store (5)
2012 Total Population: 6,762 Food Insecure Population: 1,406 CCS Clients: 63 50
N MASTERS DR
N PRAIRIE CREEEK RD
0 Target0.25 Areas
BRUTON RD
Childcare facility (28) Recommended Area Assisted Living (1) High Food Insecurity Dallas Housing Authority (1) and Low
DallasHousingAuthority
Area1 - Census Tract Transitional Housing
TransitionalHousing
Church (46) Community Center
11% Unemployed
Agency (5)
34% Without High School
19% In Poverty
South Central Pleasant Grove LAKE JUNE RD N MASTERS DR
N PRAIRIE CREEK RD
S BUCKNER BLVD
Pleasant Grove ELAM RD
US
-1
Crawford
75
Memorial Park
SEAGOVILLE RD
TRINITY
US
-1
75
I-
20
CORRIDOR
Target Areas
0
0.325
0.65
Existing CDPs
1.3 Miles
Food Assets
Primary Recommended Area
Child Care Church (1)
Community Center Secondary Recommended Area Church
Community Center
Agency
Assisted Living
2012 Total Population: 7,157 Food Insecure Population: 1,697 CCS Clients: 100 51
29% African American
Other Assets
NTFB NTFB (4)
Childcare facility (23)
Assisted Living Recommended Area Non-NTFB Food Bank Other Grocery Store (2) Dallas Housing High Authority Food Insecurity and Low GroceryStoresSuperMarkets Transitional Housing Area1 - Census Tract DallasHousingAuthority Church (62) TransitionalHousing Community Center Agency (3)
67%
10%
47%
29%
Hispanic
Unemployed
Without High School
In Poverty 27
Pemberton Hill S BUCKNER BLVD
JIM MILLER RD LAKE JUNE RD
GREAT TRINITY FOREST PEMBERTON HILL RD
Pleasant Grove
Pemberton Hill ELAM RD
US
I - 45
IT
RIN
TT EA
R SG
ST
RE
O YF
Areas 0.65 0Target0.325
Existing 1.3 Miles
CDPs
Child Care Church (1) Community Center
Food Assets
Assisted Living
NTFB NTFB (4) OtherFood Bank (1) Non-NTFB
2012 Total Population: 4,338 Food Insecure Population: 1,059 CCS Clients: 95
28
Other Assets
Childcare facility (12) Recommended Area Assisted Living (1)
Grocery Store (2) High Food Insecurity and Lo Dallas Housing Authority GroceryStoresSuperMarkets
Agency
African American
75
Y WA
Primary Recommended Area Community Center Secondary Recommended Area Church
14%
-1
DallasHousingAuthority TransitionalHousing
Transitional Housing Area1 - Census Tract Church (55) Community Center (4) Agency (4)
84%
9%
65%
35%
Hispanic
Unemployed
Without High School
In Poverty
Southwest Pleasant Grove S BUCKNER BLVD
GREAT TRINITY FOREST
LAKE JUNE RD
Pleasant Grove PEMBERTON HILL RD
Pemberton Hill ELAM RD
JIM MILLER RD
S GREAT TRINITY FOREST WAY
Areas 0.55 0Target0.275
1.1 Miles
Primary Recommended Area Community Center Secondary Recommended Area Church
US
Community Center Assisted Living
84%
African American
Hispanic
Other Assets
NTFB Childcare facility (18) NTFB (3) Recommended Area Other Assisted Living (1) Non-NTFB Food Bank High Authority Food Insecurity and Low Grocery Store (2) GroceryStoresSuperMarkets Dallas Housing DallasHousingAuthority
Agency
8%
75
Food Assets
Child Care
2012 Total Population: 5,266 Food Insecure Population: 1,363 CCS Clients: 89 53
-1
TransitionalHousing
10% Unemployed
TransitionalArea1 Housing - Census Tract Church (46) Community Center (3) Agency (4)
61%
33%
Without High School
In Poverty 29
30
CONCLUSION Of the 5 census tracts identified in this report, each offers a real opportunity to address the needs of existing food insecure populations and to fulfill need in areas that may face increased rates of food insecurity in the coming years. However, this issue is not limited to just 5 census tracts and the neighborhoods that fall within them - food insecurity, at present, is a problem within much of Dallas County. The method used to indentify these five areas has expanded on the existing body of research on food deserts and food security in Dallas.54, 55 Targeted expansion of CCS services across the county should begin in these five areas. While food assets are present in and around each area, when compared with the rest of the county these areas are highly underserved in both accessibility to either marketbased or charitable food providers and choice of nutritious food providers. However, each of these areas offers its own benefits and challenges in implementing a new CDP. Conversations with NTFB staff may be necessary to gauge their current service delivery from pantries in these areas. Additionally, the research conducted in these targeted areas can be replicated by CCS staff to identify the possibility of expanding service into other areas of food insecurity and low accessibility. Datasets from NCTCOG, TXDFPS, and Reference USA are all accessible and can help inform strategic decision-making.
31
APPENDIX LOS ENCINOS - WESTHAVEN Type
Name
Address
City
ZIP
Agency
Apostolic Berean Believer
3207 Kiesthill Dr
Dallas
75233 Reference USA
Agency
Beacon Hill Preparatory Inst
4849 W Illinois Ave
Dallas
75211 Reference USA
Child Care
Jacqueline Coleman
2905 W Pentagon Pkwy Apt 106
Dallas
75233 TXDFPS
Child Care
Kids Korner Learning Center
4707 Larue
Dallas
75211 TXDFPS
Child Care
R & R 24 hrs Day Care
3805 Crepe Myrtle Ln
Dallas
75233 TXDFPS
Child Care
TDA Day Care
4710 W Illinois Ave
Dallas
75211 TXDFPS
Child Care
Teressia Whitehead-Blair
4661 Bridle Wood Dr
Dallas
75211 TXDFPS
Church
Called Fellowship Baptist Church
3104 Gibbs Williams Rd
Dallas
75233 NCTCOG
Church
Cambodian Buddist Temple
5701 Crystal Lake Blvd
Dallas
75236 NCTCOG
Church
Centro De Fe Asamblea De Dios
4320 Texas Dr
Dallas
75211 NCTCOG
Church
Cliffwood Church Of Christ
3822 W Kiest Blvd
Dallas
75233 NCTCOG
Church
Dallas First Church
5606 W Illinois Ave
Dallas
75211 NCTCOG
Church
Family Love Church
2760 Emmett St
Dallas
75211 NCTCOG
Church
Fellowship Baptist Church Of Oak Cliff
3607 S Westmoreland Rd
Dallas
75233 NCTCOG
Church
Fountain Of Life Pentecostal
1608 Cockrell Hill Rd
Dallas
75211 NCTCOG
Church
Freedom Missionary Baptist Church
3715 S Westmoreland Rd
Dallas
75233 NCTCOG
Church
Gospel Lighthouse Church
5525 W Illinois Ave
Dallas
75211 NCTCOG
Church
Greater New Hope Church
3822 Boulder Dr
Dallas
75233 NCTCOG
Church
Homprakhoon Baptist Church
3721 S Ledbetter Dr
Dallas
75236 NCTCOG
Church
Iglesia Bautista Tierra Prometida
4911 Wisteria Dr
Dallas
75211 NCTCOG
Church
Iglesia LA Senda Antigua
3220 Los Angeles Blvd
Dallas
75233 Reference USA
Church
Iglesia Pentecostes Amisadai
1520 Marion Dr
Dallas
75211 Reference USA
Church
Kiestview Church Of Christ
3323 Guadalupe Ave
Dallas
75233 NCTCOG
Church
Miracle Center Church Of Dallas
3615 Blue Ridge Blvd
Dallas
75233 NCTCOG
Church
Mt Zion Deliverance Church
4946 LA Rue St
Dallas
75211 Reference USA
Church
New Life Bible Fellowship
3727 W Kiest Blvd
Dallas
75233 NCTCOG
Church
Nuestra Senora De Fatima
2323 Coombs Creek Dr
Dallas
75211 NCTCOG
Church
Nuestrasenora Del Pilar Catholic
4455 W Illinois Ave
Dallas
75211 NCTCOG
Church
Southwood United Methodist Church
3601 S Ravinia Dr
Dallas
75233 NCTCOG
Church
Templo De Alabanza
4710 W Illinois Ave
Dallas
75211 Reference USA
Church
Turning Point Church
2555 S Ledbetter Dr
Dallas
75211 NCTCOG
Church
Unitarian Universalist Church Of Oak Cliff
3839 W Kiest Blvd
Dallas
75233 NCTCOG
Church
Zion Apostolic Temple
3940 Blue Ridge Blvd
Dallas
75233 NCTCOG
NTFB
Mountain View Church of Christ
4111 W. Illinois Ave.
Dallas
75211 NTFB
Other Pantry Focus Learning Academy
2524 W. Lebetter Dr.
Dallas
75233 bcW
Other Pantry Lighthouse Christian Academy
5525 W. Illnois Ave.
Dallas
75221 bcW
32
Properties
PLEASANT MOUND Type
Name
Address
City
ZIP
Source
Agency
A Solid Foundation
2045 New Haven Dr
Dallas
75217 Reference USA
Agency
Reginald House Ctr
445 Bruton Terrace Ctr
Dallas
75227 Reference USA
Agency
Shoes For My Children
9730 Bruton Rd
Dallas
75217 Reference USA
Agency
Texas Career Institute
9585 Scyene Rd # J
Dallas
75227 Reference USA
Agency
Workforce Center
2020 N Masters Dr # 102
Dallas
75217 Reference USA
Assisted Living
St Augustine Estate
2222 N Saint Augustine Dr
Dallas
75227 Reference USA
CDP
God’s Truest Miracles (Prichard House)
2103 Prichard Ln
Dallas
75227 CCS
Child Care
Building Lives Christian Academy & Child Care
2120 N Saint Augustine Dr Ste 126 Dallas
75227 TXDFPS
Child Care
Diane Jernigan
8320 Foxwood Ln
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care
Direct Purpose LLC
8510 Military Pkwy
Dallas
75227 TXDFPS
Child Care
El Kinder - Bilingual Early Childhood Education
2523 S Buckner Blvd
Dallas
75227 TXDFPS
Child Care
Family Christian Learning Center
9279 Palisade Dr
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care
Heavenly Joy Day Care Center
2015 N Masters Dr Ste 110
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care
HIM Learning Center
9508 Scyene Rd
Dallas
75227 TXDFPS
Child Care
Imagination Station Child Care Center
7221 Scyene Rd
Dallas
75227 TXDFPS
Child Care
Kimberly Jones
9685 Limestone Dr
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care
Lake Cliff Childrens Courtyard
6909 Scyene Rd
Dallas
75227 TXDFPS
Child Care
LaTasha Watts
2 Tonka Cir
Mesquite
75149 TXDFPS
Child Care
LaTonja’s Loving Arms
2515 Bobwhite Blvd
Mesquite
75149 TXDFPS
Child Care
Linda Huff
10435 Castlerock Dr
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care
Mary Lindsey
927 Powell Rd
Mesquite
75149 TXDFPS
Child Care
Mary Marshall
8641 Comer Dr
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care
Mr Ed Lil Superstars
9009 Bruton Rd
Dallas
75217 Reference USA
Child Care
New Age Day Care Academy
2920 N Prairie Creek Rd
Dallas
75227 TXDFPS
Child Care
Nueva Vida Day Care Pleasant Grove
10747 Bruton Rd
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care
Play and Learn Christian Academy
9510 Military Pkwy
Dallas
75227 TXDFPS
Child Care
Quintas Rhinehart
2423 Mccutcheon Ln
Dallas
75227 TXDFPS
Child Care
Rainbow’s End Child Dev Ctr
301 W Kaufman St
Dallas
75227 Reference USA
Child Care
Scribbles Learning Center Inc
8025 Umphress Rd
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care
Sherandas Playhouse II
2124 N Prairie Creek Rd
Dallas
75227 TXDFPS
Child Care
Super Stars Academy
9009 Bruton Rd # 447
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care
The Honeycomb Hideout
2514 S Buckner Blvd
Dallas
75227 TXDFPS
Child Care
Tiffany Hinton
125 Darien Dr
Mesquite
75149 TXDFPS
Child Care
Vanessa Hawkins
10336 Oak Branch Ln
Dallas
75227 TXDFPS
Child Care
Willis Hall
2506 Fonville Dr
Dallas
75227 TXDFPS
Church
Aaron J Calhoun Ministries
9435 Culberson St
Dallas
75227 Reference USA
Church
Bruton Terrace Church Of The Nazarene
8851 Bruton Rd
Dallas
75217 NCTCOG
Church
Christ Community Fellowship Church
9510 Briggs St
Dallas
75227 NCTCOG
Church
Christ Gospel Church
621 Old London Ln
Mesquite
75149 NCTCOG
Church
Christ Holy Temple
2423 S Buckner Blvd
Dallas
75227 NCTCOG
Church
Church Of Acts On The Rock
9256 Bruton Rd
Dallas
75217 Reference USA 33
PLEASANT MOUND (continued) Type
Name
Address
City
ZIP
Source
Church
Cornerstone Community Church
1950 Alpha Dr
Dallas
75227 Reference USA
Church
Dallas Gospel Chapel
2930 N Saint Augustine Dr
Dallas
75227 Reference USA
Church
East Dallas Church Of God
9401 Scyene Rd
Dallas
75227 NCTCOG
Church
Ebenezer Baptist Church
1401 Powell Rd
Mesquite
75149 NCTCOG
Church
Ebenezer Missionary Baptist Church
8015 Blossom Ln
Dallas
75227 NCTCOG
Church
Encouraging Word Bible
11038 Limestone Dr
Balch Springs
75180 NCTCOG
Church
Faith Presbyterian Church
709 S Peachtree Rd
Mesquite
75149 NCTCOG
Church
Faithway Fellowship Bapt Chr
10504 Bruton Rd
Dallas
75217 Reference USA
Church
Fellowship Missionary Baptist
9208 Briggs St
Dallas
75227 Reference USA
Church
First Baptist Chr Of Rockwall
610 S Gollad St
Dallas
75227 Reference USA
Church
First Fellowship Baptist Chr
2120 N Saint Augustine Dr
Dallas
75227 Reference USA
Church
God’S Anointed Sanctified Worship Church 2033 Military Pkwy #403
Mesquite
75149 NCTCOG
Church
Grace Asamblea De Dios
Dallas
75227 Reference USA
Church
Greater Macedonia Primitive Baptist Church 8343 Bruton Rd
Dallas
75217 NCTCOG
Church
Heartline Ministries
9755 E R L Thornton Fwy
Dallas
75227 Reference USA
Church
Hispanic Institute Of Ministry
9508 Scyene Rd
Dallas
75227 NCTCOG
Church
Igl Baut El Buen Pastor
3011 Cypress Ave
Dallas
75227 Reference USA
2801 Sam Houston Rd
Church
Iglesia Cristiana Fuego De Dios
1900 Haddock Dr
Mesquite
75149 NCTCOG
Church
Jehovah’s Witnesses
2749 Sam Houston Rd
Dallas
75227 Reference USA
Church
Lakeside Baptist Church
8401 Bruton Rd
Dallas
75217 NCTCOG
Church
Liberty Baptist Church
1833 Cheyenne Rd
Dallas
75217 NCTCOG
Church
Liberty Outreach Christian Church
2920 Prairie Creek Rd
Dallas
75227 NCTCOG
Church
Living Word Missionary Baptist Church
2237 Masters Dr
Dallas
75227 NCTCOG
Church
Mesquite Baptist Church
2015 Hickory Tree Rd
Balch Springs
75180 NCTCOG
Church
Nazareth Missionary Baptist Church
8205 Bruton Rd
Dallas
75227 NCTCOG
Church
New Life Full Gospel Cmnty Chr
3302 N Prairie Creek Rd
Dallas
75227 Reference USA
Church
Oasis Of Life Ministries
2552 Earlcove Dr
Dallas
75227 Reference USA
Church
Pathway Of Life Church
8510 Military Pkwy
Dallas
75227 NCTCOG
Church
Pleasant Grove Academy Cogic
1720 Neal Gay Dr
Mesquite
75149 NCTCOG
Church
Pleasant Grove Community Baptist Church 7815 Hume Dr
Dallas
75227 NCTCOG
Church
Pleasant Mound Church
8301 Bruton Rd
Dallas
75217 NCTCOG
Church
Primera Iglesia Bautista De Dallas
3625 Cypress Ave
Dallas
75227 NCTCOG
Church
Rehoboth Deliverance Temple Of The Holy 1516 N Prairie Creek Rd, Dallas Spirit 75217,
Dallas
75217 NCTCOG
Church
Saint Agustine Church Of Christ
1707 N Saint Augustine Dr
Dallas
75227 NCTCOG
Church
Saint Philip The Apostle Church
8131 Military Pkwy
Dallas
75227 NCTCOG
Church
Tabernacle Of Deliverance
8807 Scyene Rd
Dallas
75227 Reference USA
Church
Templo De Dios
7851 Scyene Rd
Dallas
75227 NCTCOG
Church
United Holiness Deliverance Temple
10121 Scyene Rd
Dallas
75227 NCTCOG
Church
West Mesquite Baptist Church
2808 W Scyene Rd
Mesquite
75149 NCTCOG
Church
Zion Travlers Gospel Singer
2170 Aspen Dr
Dallas
75227 Reference USA
DHA
Conner Drive
2004 Conner Drive
Dallas
75217 DHA
34
PLEASANT MOUND (continued) Type
Name
Address
City
ZIP
Source
NTFB
Pathway of Life Church
8510 Military Pkwy
Dallas
75227NTFB
NTFB
Wilkinson Center
3402 N Buckner Blvd Suite 302
Dallas
75228NTFB
SOUTH CENTRAL PLEASANT GROVE Type
Name
Address
City
Zip
Agency
AMVETS Department Of Texas
928 S Buckner Blvd
Dallas
75217 Reference USA
Agency
Lift For Life Outreach
230 Turin Dr
Dallas
75217 Reference USA
Agency
Omega Iglesia Bautista
342 Freddie St
Dallas
75217 Reference USA
CDP
Pleasant Oaks Missionary Baptist Church
412 N. Masters
Dallas
75217 CCS
Child Care Amarias Learning Center
768 N Saint Augustine Dr
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care Consuelo Aguirre
10320 Trail Ave
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care Darnita Austin
296 Buttercup Ln
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care Dinky’s Daycare
811 Arbol Verde Ct
Dallas
75217 Reference USA
Child Care Earline Williams
115 S Trego Ct
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care Florence Parker
556 Blueberry Blvd
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care G & J Learning Center
1111 N Jim Miller Rd
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care Kenya’s Learning Safari
515 N Saint Augustine Dr
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care Kingdom Kids Child Placing
9709 C F Hawn Fwy
Dallas
75217 Reference USA
Child Care Kingdom Kids Development Center
845 S Buckner Blvd
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care Lake June Head Start
9030 Lake June Rd
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care Lashana Mitchell
10310 Kinslow Dr
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care Little Creations Learning Center
210 N Prairie Creek Rd
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care Little Steps Learning Center #2
7121 Lake June Rd
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care Myshundre Davis
1324 Thorne St
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care Reid’s Creative Academy
6969 C F Hawn Fwy
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care Riding Rainbows CDC Inc
1132 S Buckner Blvd
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
1236 N Jim Miller Rd
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care Rylie Day Care Center
1509 Haymarket Rd
Dallas
75253 TXDFPS
Child Care Sherandas Playhouse
333 S Saint Augustine Dr Ste Dallas 101
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care Smile of a Child Learning Center
8817 Lake June Rd
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care Stepping Stones Early CDC Inc
8315 Lake June Rd
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Child Care Willie F Cornelius Montessori Academy
6819 Lake June Rd
Dallas
75217 TXDFPS
Church
Believers International Mnstrs
6606 Great Trinity Forest Way Dallas
75217 Reference USA
Church
Bethel Baptist Church
11435 Ravenview Rd
Dallas
75253 NCTCOG
Church
Bethel Motors
7312 C F Hawn Fwy
Dallas
75217 Reference USA
Church
Bright Star Missionary Baptist Church
9650 Lake June Rd
Dallas
75217 NCTCOG
Church
Cathedral Of Faith Baptist Church
6901 Great Trinity Forest Way Dallas
75217 NCTCOG
Church
Church Of Christ Of Rylie
10240 Rylie Rd
Dallas
75217 NCTCOG
Church
Church Of The Living God
7115 Elam Rd
Dallas
75217 NCTCOG
Church
Compassionate Community Church
7103 Rosemont Rd
Dallas
75217 NCTCOG
Church
Cristo LA Roca
8003 Lake June Rd
Dallas
75217 Reference USA
Child Care
Romekias Little Goodies Resource Learning Center
Source
35
SOUTH CENTRAL PLEASANT GROVE (continued) Type
Name
Address
City
Zip
Source
Church
Cross Of Christ Baptist
602 N Jim Miller Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Crossover Missionary
1220 Murdock Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Dallas Pentecostal Church
8126 Suetelle Dr
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Dallas Spanish Pleasant Grove Seventh Day Adventist
7927 Rosemont
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Day Spring Pentecostal Church
817 Holcomb Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Emmanuel Fellowship Baptist Church
400 N Prairie Creek Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Faith Kingdom Church Of God
6916 Lake June Rd
Dallas
75217Reference USA
Church
Familia Bethel Internacional
617 S Saint Augustine Dr
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Fireside Drive Baptist Church
8805 Fireside Dr
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
First Baptist Church Of Rylie
10650 C F Hawn Fwy
Dallas
75217NCTCOG 75180NCTCOG
Church
Frontier Rev Ctr Inc
10920 Elam Rd
Balch Springs
Church
God’S Word Missionary
9319 Elam Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Goodwill Baptist Church
516 N Jim Miller Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Gospel Tabernacle Church
445 S Masters Dr
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Greater Apostolic Tabernacle
3707 S Peachtree Rd
Balch Springs
75180NCTCOG
Church
Harvest Baptist Church
10723 Elam Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Hawn Freeway Church Of Christ
7605 C F Hawn Fwy
Dallas
75217Reference USA
Church
House Of Prayer
7004 Carter Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Iglesia Avivamiento Cristiano
7550 Texas 12 Loop
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Iglesia Bautista Betania Church
7530 C F Hawn Fwy
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Iglesia Bautista Union Con Cristo
1115 Ridgewood Dr
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Iglesia Evangelica Cristiana
9710 Elam Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Iglesia Ministerio Restoracion Familia
1231 Dowdy Ferry Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Iglesia Nueva Canzion
8238 Elam Rd
Dallas
75217Reference USA
Church
Jehovah’s Witnesses
149 N Saint Augustine Dr
Dallas
75217Reference USA
Church
Lake June Baptist Church
10602 Lake June Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Lifeline Community Church Of The Living God
901 Haymarket Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Little Bethel Assembly Of God Church
10016 Lake June Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Living Gospel Church
829 N Saint Augustine Dr
Dallas
75217Reference USA
Church
Love Outreach Church
340 S Seagoville Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Mount Sinai Baptist Church
6819 Lake June Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
New Bethel Ministries
484 S Saint Augustine Dr
Dallas
75217Reference USA
Church
New Covenant Missionary Baptist Church
918 Holcomb Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
New Creations Church
210 N Prairie Creek Rd
Dallas
75217Reference USA
Church
New Haven Baptist Church
10110 Rylie Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
New Life Fellowship
10900 Cade Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
New Light Church
9314 Elam Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
New Millennium Bible Fellowship Praise Center 9026 Elam Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Newman Park Christian Center
7922 Fairport Rd
Dallas
75217NCTCOG
Church
Our Savior Episcopal Church
1616 N Jim Miller Rd
Dallas
75217Reference USA
36
SOUTH CENTRAL PLEASANT GROVE (continued) Type
Name
Address
City
Zip
Church
Pleasant Grove Christian Church
1324 Pleasant Dr
Dallas
75217 NCTCOG
Source
Church
Pleasant Oaks Baptist Church
412 N Masters Dr
Dallas
75217 NCTCOG
Church
Prairie Creek Baptist Church
1013 Dowdy Ferry Rd
Dallas
75217 NCTCOG
Church
Praise Temple
10412 Elam Rd
Dallas
75217 NCTCOG
Church
Saint Augustine Church
1054 N St Augustine Rd
Dallas
75217 NCTCOG
Church
Seagoville Road Baptist Church
11524 Seagoville Rd
Mesquite
75180 NCTCOG
Church
Southern Hills Church Of Christ
6969 C F Hawn Freeway
Dallas
75217 NCTCOG
Church
Spence Park Baptist Church
11209 Lyric Ln
Balch Springs
75180 NCTCOG
Church
St Augustine Ministry Ctr
411 S Saint Augustine Dr
Dallas
75217 Reference USA
Church
St James AME Church
200 N Jim Miller Rd
Dallas
75217 Reference USA
Church
Star Of Bethlehem Baptist Church
8702 Eden Valley Ln
Dallas
75217 NCTCOG
Church
Way Of Truth
845 S Buckner Blvd
Dallas
75217 Reference USA
Church
Wings-Deliverance Tabernacle
512 Holcomb Rd
Dallas
75217 Reference USA
NTFB
Care Center Ministries
7912 Antoinette
Dallas
75217 NTFB
NTFB
Newman Park Christian Center
7922 Fairport Rd.
Dallas
75217 NTFB
NTFB
Pleasant Grove Food Pantry
1331 Baywood Street
Dallas
75217 NTFB
NTFB
Way Of Truth
845 S. Buckner Blvd
Dallas
75217 NTFB
PEMBERTON HILL Type
Name
Address
City
ZIP
Source
Agency
AMVETS Department Of Texas
928 S Buckner Blvd
Dallas
75217
Reference USA
Agency
Omega Iglesia Bautista
342 Freddie St
Dallas
75217
Reference USA
Agency
Pleasant Grove Senior Citizens
7224 Umphress Rd
Dallas
75217
Reference USA
Agency
Way Of Truth
845 S Buckner Blvd
Dallas
75217
Reference USA
Assisted Living
Umphress Terrace
7242 Umphress Rd
Dallas
75217
Reference USA
CDP
True Foundation Christian Church
2620 Rochester St.
Dallas
75215
CCS
Child Care
Diane Jernigan
8320 Foxwood Ln
Dallas
75217
TXDFPS
Child Care
G & J Learning Center
1111 N Jim Miller Rd
Dallas
75217
TXDFPS
Child Care
Infinity Learning Center
4714 Yancy St
Dallas
75216
TXDFPS
Child Care
Kingdom Kids Child Placing
9709 C F Hawn Fwy
Dallas
75217
Reference USA
Child Care
Kingdom Kids Development Center
845 S Buckner Blvd
Dallas
75217
TXDFPS
Child Care
Little Lucys Day Care
1314 Lonsdale Ave
Dallas
75217
TXDFPS
Child Care
Little Steps Learning Center #2
7121 Lake June Rd
Dallas
75217
TXDFPS
Child Care
Riding Rainbows CDC Inc
1132 S Buckner Blvd
Dallas
75217
TXDFPS
Child Care
Romekias Little Goodies Resource Learning Center
1236 N Jim Miller Rd
Dallas
75217
TXDFPS
Child Care
Scribbles Learning Center Inc
8025 Umphress Rd
Dallas
75217
TXDFPS
Child Care
Stepping Stones Early CDC Inc
8315 Lake June Rd
Dallas
75217
TXDFPS
Child Care
Tanisha Yates
6439 Seco Blvd
Dallas
75217
TXDFPS
Church
Apostolic Assembly Church
1106 Pemberton Hill Rd
Dallas
75217
NCTCOG
Church
Believers International Mnstrs
6606 Great Trinity Forest Way
Dallas
75217
Reference USA 37
PEMBERTON HILL (continued) Type
Name
Address
City
Church
Believers Missionary Bapt Chr
7406 Elam Rd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Church
Bethel Motors
7312 C F Hawn Fwy
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Church
Cathedral Of Faith Baptist Church
6901 Great Trinity Forest Way
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Christian Missionary Baptist Church
4706 Fellows Ln
Dallas 75216 NCTCOG
Church
Church Of Christ Of Pemberton Hill
320 Pemberton Hill Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Church Of The Living God
7115 Elam Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Church On The Way
754 Elsberry Ave
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Church Where Jesus Is Lord
700 Elwayne Ave
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Compassionate Community Church
7103 Rosemont Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Cristo LA Roca
8003 Lake June Rd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Church
Cross Of Christ Baptist
602 N Jim Miller Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Crossover Missionary
1220 Murdock Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Dallas Spanish Pleasant Grove Seventh Day Adventist
7927 Rosemont
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Day Spring Pentecostal Church
817 Holcomb Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Emmanuel Fellowship Bapt Chr
400 N Prairie Creek Rd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Church
Evangelist Temple Church Of God In Christ
2627 Dorris St
Dallas 75215 NCTCOG
Church
Faith Kingdom Church Of God
6916 Lake June Rd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Church
Gethsemane Missionary Baptist Church
4600 Solar Ln
Dallas 75216 NCTCOG
Church
Goodwill Baptist Church
516 N Jim Miller Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Hawn Freeway Church Of Christ
7605 C F Hawn Fwy
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Church
House Of Prayer
7004 Carter Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Iglesia Avivamiento Cristiano
7550 Texas 12 Loop
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Iglesia Bautista Betania Church
7530 C F Hawn Fwy
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Iglesia Bautista Union Con Cristo
1115 Ridgewood Dr
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Iglesia Ministerio Restoracion Familia
1231 Dowdy Ferry Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Iglesia Nueva Canzion
8238 Elam Rd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Church
Independent Missionary Baptist Church
6800 Bexar St
Dallas 75215 NCTCOG
Church
Lords Missionary Baptist Church
6722 Bexar St
Dallas 75215 NCTCOG
Church
Miracle Deliverance
7117 Tillman St
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Morning Star Baptist Church
2662 Anderson St
Dallas 75215 NCTCOG
Church
Mosley Chapel Church
2246 Anderson St
Dallas 75215 NCTCOG
Church
Mount Elam Missionary Baptist Church
4646 Burma Rd
Dallas 75216 NCTCOG
Church
Mount Pisgah Baptist Church
6335 Elam Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Mount Sinai Baptist Church
6819 Lake June Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
New Creations Church
210 N Prairie Creek Rd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Church
New Zion Baptist Church
7814 Hull Ave
Dallas 75216 NCTCOG
Church
Newman Park Christian Center
7922 Fairport Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Our Savior Episcopal Church
1616 N Jim Miller Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Peace Of God Missionary Baptist
4803 Zealand St
Dallas 75216 NCTCOG
Church
Pleasant Grove Christian Church
1324 Pleasant Dr
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Pleasant Grove Church-Christ
1407 Conner Dr
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Church
Pleasant Grove First Baptist Church
1401 S Buckner Blvd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
38
ZIP
Source
PEMBERTON HILL (continued) Type
Name
Address
City
Church
Prairie Creek Baptist Church
1013 Dowdy Ferry Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
ZIP
Source
Church
Primera Iglesia Bautista Alfa
603 Elsberry Ave
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Revelations Of Jesus Christ
7606 Elam Rd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Church
Shady Grove Primitive Baptist Church
4759 Yancy St
Dallas 75216 NCTCOG
Church
Solid Rock Missionary Baptist Church
6615 Elam Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Southern Hills Church Of Christ
6969 C F Hawn Freeway
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
St James AME Church
200 N Jim Miller Rd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Church
Strong Arms Church Of God In Christ
135 Pemberton Hill Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Templo La Hermosa Church
700 Jonelle Ave
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Umphress Road United Methodist Church
7224 Umphress Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Victory Temple Church Of God In Christ
7205 Tillman St
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Community Center
City Of Dallas Br Libraries
1125 S Buckner Blvd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Community Center
Pleasant Grove Library
7310 Lake June Rd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Community Center
Prairie Creek Library
9609 Lake June Rd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Community Center
Turner Courts Recreation Center
6508 Canaan St
Dallas 75215 NCTCOG
NTFB
Care Center Ministries
7912 Antoinette
Dallas 75217 NTFB
NTFB
Newman Park Christian Center
7922 Fairport Rd.
Dallas 75217 NTFB
NTFB
Pleasant Grove Food Pantry
1331 Baywood Street
Dallas 75217 NTFB
NTFB
Way Of Truth
845 S. Buckner Blvd
Dallas 75217 NTFB
Other
Fwm Learning Center
559 Ezekial Ave
Dallas
bcW
SOUTHWEST PLEASANT GROVE Type
Name
Address
City
Agency
AMVETS Department Of Texas
928 S Buckner Blvd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Zip
Source
Agency
Lift For Life Outreach
230 Turin Dr
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Agency
Omega Iglesia Bautista
342 Freddie St
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Agency
Pleasant Grove Senior Citizens
7224 Umphress Rd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Assisted Living
Umphress Terrace
7242 Umphress Rd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Child Care
Diane Jernigan
8320 Foxwood Ln
Dallas 75217 TXDFPS
Child Care
Florence Parker
556 Blueberry Blvd
Dallas 75217 TXDFPS
Child Care
G & J Learning Center
1111 N Jim Miller Rd
Dallas 75217 TXDFPS
Child Care
Kingdom Kids Child Placing
9709 C F Hawn Fwy
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Child Care
Kingdom Kids Development Center
845 S Buckner Blvd
Dallas 75217 TXDFPS
Child Care
Lake June Head Start
9030 Lake June Rd
Dallas 75217 TXDFPS
Child Care
Little Creations Learning Center
210 N Prairie Creek Rd
Dallas 75217 TXDFPS
Child Care
Little Lucys Day Care
1314 Lonsdale Ave
Dallas 75217 TXDFPS
Child Care
Little Steps Learning Center #2
7121 Lake June Rd
Dallas 75217 TXDFPS
Child Care
Mary Marshall
8641 Comer Dr
Dallas 75217 TXDFPS
Child Care
Reidâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Creative Academy
6969 C F Hawn Fwy
Dallas 75217 TXDFPS 39
SOUTHWEST PLEASANT GROVE (continued) Type
Name
Address
City
Child Care
Riding Rainbows CDC Inc
1132 S Buckner Blvd
Dallas 75217
TXDFPS
Child Care
Romekias Little Goodies Resource Learning Center
1236 N Jim Miller Rd
Dallas 75217
TXDFPS
Child Care
Scribbles Learning Center Inc
8025 Umphress Rd
Dallas 75217
TXDFPS
Child Care
Smile of a Child Learning Center
8817 Lake June Rd
Dallas 75217
TXDFPS
Child Care
Stepping Stones Early CDC Inc
8315 Lake June Rd
Dallas 75217
TXDFPS
Child Care
Tanisha Yates
6439 Seco Blvd
Dallas 75217
TXDFPS
Child Care
Willie F Cornelius Montessori Academy
6819 Lake June Rd
Dallas 75217
TXDFPS
Church
Apostolic Assembly Church
1106 Pemberton Hill Rd
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Believers International Mnstrs
6606 Great Trinity Forest Way
Dallas 75217
Reference USA
Church
Believers Missionary Bapt Chr
7406 Elam Rd
Dallas 75217
Reference USA
Church
Bethel Motors
7312 C F Hawn Fwy
Dallas 75217
Reference USA
Church
Cathedral Of Faith Baptist Church
6901 Great Trinity Forest Way
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Church Of Christ Of Pemberton Hill
320 Pemberton Hill Rd
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Church Of The Living God
7115 Elam Rd
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Church On The Way
754 Elsberry Ave
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Church Where Jesus Is Lord
700 Elwayne Ave
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Compassionate Community Church
7103 Rosemont Rd
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Cristo LA Roca
8003 Lake June Rd
Dallas 75217
Reference USA
Church
Cross Of Christ Baptist
602 N Jim Miller Rd
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Dallas Spanish Pleasant Grove Seventh Day Adventist
7927 Rosemont
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Day Spring Pentecostal Church
817 Holcomb Rd
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Emmanuel Fellowship Baptist Church
400 N Prairie Creek Rd
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Faith Kingdom Church Of God
6916 Lake June Rd
Dallas 75217
Reference USA
Church
Goodwill Baptist Church
516 N Jim Miller Rd
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Hawn Freeway Church Of Christ
7605 C F Hawn Fwy
Dallas 75217
Reference USA
Church
House Of Prayer
7004 Carter Rd
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Iglesia Avivamiento Cristiano
7550 Texas 12 Loop
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Iglesia Bautista Betania Church
7530 C F Hawn Fwy
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Iglesia Bautista Union Con Cristo
1115 Ridgewood Dr
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Iglesia Nueva Canzion
8238 Elam Rd
Dallas 75217
Reference USA
Church
Miracle Deliverance
7117 Tillman St
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Mount Pisgah Baptist Church
6335 Elam Rd
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Mount Sinai Baptist Church
6819 Lake June Rd
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
New Covenant Missionary Baptist Church
918 Holcomb Rd
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
New Creations Church
210 N Prairie Creek Rd
Dallas 75217
Reference USA
Church
New Millennium Bible Fellowship Praise Center 9026 Elam Rd
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Our Savior Episcopal Church
1616 N Jim Miller Rd
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Pleasant Grove Christian Church
1324 Pleasant Dr
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
Church
Pleasant Grove Church-Christ
1407 Conner Dr
Dallas 75217
Reference USA
Church
Pleasant Grove First Baptist Church
1401 S Buckner Blvd
Dallas 75217
NCTCOG
40
Zip
Source
SOUTHWEST PLEASANT GROVE (continued) Type
Name
Address
City
Zip
Church
Primera Iglesia Bautista Alfa
603 Elsberry Ave
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Rehoboth Deliverance Temple Of The Holy Spirit 1516 N Prairie Creek Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Revelations Of Jesus Christ
7606 Elam Rd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Church
Solid Rock Missionary Baptist Church
6615 Elam Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Southern Hills Church Of Christ
6969 C F Hawn Freeway
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
St James AME Church
200 N Jim Miller Rd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Church
Star Of Bethlehem Baptist Church
8702 Eden Valley Ln
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Strong Arms Church Of God In Christ
135 Pemberton Hill Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Templo La Hermosa Church
700 Jonelle Ave
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Umphress Road United Methodist Church
7224 Umphress Rd
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Victory Temple Church Of God In Christ
7205 Tillman St
Dallas 75217 NCTCOG
Church
Way Of Truth
845 S Buckner Blvd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Church
Wings-Deliverance Tabernacle
512 Holcomb Rd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Community Center City Of Dallas Br Libraries
1125 S Buckner Blvd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Community Center Pleasant Grove Library
7310 Lake June Rd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
Community Center Prairie Creek Library
9609 Lake June Rd
Dallas 75217 Reference USA
NTFB
Care Center Ministries
7912 Antoinette
Dallas 75217 NTFB
NTFB
Pleasant Grove Food Pantry
1331 Baywood Street
Dallas 75217 NTFB
NTFB
Way Of Truth
845 S. Buckner Blvd
Dallas 75217 NTFB
Other Pantry
Fwm Learning Center
559 Ezekial Ave
Dallas 75217 bcW
Source
41
ENDNOTES (in progress) [1] Crossroads Community Services. 2014. [2] North Texas Food Bank Hunger Center. [3] ibid [4] Crossroads Community Services. 2014. [5] Data provided by CCS staff and analyzed by bcWORKSHOP. [6] ibid [7] Povich, D., B. Roberts, and M. Mather. 2013. Low-Income Working Mothers and State Policy. Investing for a Better Economic Future. The Working Poor Families Project, Policy Brief. [8]Crossroads Community Services. 2014. [9] U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2008 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2012 5 Year Estimates. [10] ibid [11] Crossroads Community Services. 2014. [12] U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2008 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2012 5 Year Estimates. [13] Crossroads Community Services. 2014. [14] ibid [15] On average, each meal delivered to CCS clients is 1.2 lbs. Using this weight, the number of meals delivered to each client, and the number of clients, the total weight of food distributed to the CDPs was estimated on a monthly and yearly basis. [16] Feeding America. 2014. Map the Meal Gap: Highlights of Findings for Overall and Child Food Insecurity. [17] United States Department of Agriculture. 2014. Definitions of Food Insecurity. Accessed from: http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/ food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/definitions-of-food-security.aspx. [18] UUnited States Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2013. Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2012 - 2013. [19] Feeding America. 2014. Map the Meal Gap: Highlights of Findings for Overall and Child Food Insecurity. [20] ibid [21] Walker, R. E., C. R. Keane, and J. G. Burke. 2010. Disparities and Access to Healthy Food in the United States: A Review of Food Deserts Literature. Health and Place 16(5): 876 - 884. [22] Coleman-Jensen, A., C. Gregory, and A. Singh. 2014. Household Food Security in the United States in 2013. United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Economic Research Report 173. [23] Feeding America. 2014. Map the Meal Gap: Highlights of Findings for Overall and Child Food Insecurity. [24] Sparks, C. S. 2012. Food Security Assessment for San Antonio, Texas. [25] Walker, R. E., C. R. Keane, and J. G. Burke. 2010. Disparities and Access to Healthy Food in the United States: A Review of Food Deserts Literature. Health and Place 16(5): 876 - 884. [26] Feeding America. 2014. Map the Meal Gap: Highlights of Findings for Overall and Child Food Insecurity. [27] USDA. 2014. http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/definitions-of-food-security. aspx [28] Coleman-Jensen, A., C. Gregory, and A. Singh. 2014. Household Food Security in the United States in 2013. United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Economic Research Report 173. [29] ibid [30] Feeding America. 2014. Map the Meal Gap: Highlights of Findings for Overall and Child Food Insecurity.
42
[31] Sparks, C. S. 2012. Food Security Assessment for San Antonio, Texas. [32] United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2013. Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2012 - 2013. [33] Coleman-Jensen, A., C. Gregory, and A. Singh. 2014. Household Food Security in the United States in 2013. United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Economic Research Report 173. [34] Regan, A. 2013. Assessing the Role of Smaller Format Retailers on the Food Desert Landscape in Dallas, Texas. University of North Texas: Masters Thesis. [35] Rose, D., J. N. Bodor, C. M. Swalm, J. C. Rice, T. A. Farley, and P. L. Hutchinson. 2009. Deserts in New Orleans? Illustrations of Urban Food Access and Implications for Policy. Paper Prepared for University of Michigan National Poverty Center and USDA Economic Research Service Research “Understanding the Economic Concepts and Characteristics of Food Access.” [36] Joassart-Marcelli, P., F. J. Bosco, and E. Delgado. 2014. Southeastern San Diego’s Landscape: Challenges and Opportunities. Policy Report. San Diego, CA: Department of Geography, San Diego State University and Project New Village. Available at: htpp:// geography.sdsu.edu/Research/Projects/FEP. [37] United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2013. Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2012 - 2013. [38] Coefficients and a county-specific error term were used to estimate food insecurity at the census tract level using data from the 2012 5YR ACS. [39] U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2008 – 2012 5 Year Estimates. [40] ibid [41] Grocery store and supermarket list compiled by bcWORKSHOP. [42] 1-mile and 3-mile service areas were generated for each location using ESRI, Inc. ArcGIS Network Analyst. Service areas were then weighted by distance from store and summed to come up with an accessibility score for the entire county. [43] Food pantry locations for CCS and NTFB pantries were provided the respective organizations, and other food pantry locations were compiled by bcWORKSHOP. [44] 1-mile and 3-mile service areas were generated for each location using ESRI, Inc. ArcGIS Network Analyst. Service areas were then weighted by distance from store and summed to come up with an accessibility score for the entire county. [45] ESRI. 2014. “Median Household Income, 2014 and 2019.” Community Analyst. [46] North Central Texas Council of Governments. 2014. Regional Data Center. http://rdc.nctcog.org/index.aspx [47] Texas Department of Family and Protective Services. 2014. http://www.dfps.state.tx.us/Child_Care/Information_for_Providers/ faqs.asp [48] Reference USA. 2014. Accessed through the Dallas Public Library. [49] U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2008 – 2012 5 Year Estimates. [50] ibid [51] ibid [52] ibid [53] ibid [54] Berg, N. and J. Murdoch. 2007. Access to Grocery Stores and Food Security in Dallas. University of Texas at Dallas Center for Urban Economics. [55] Regan, A. 2013. Assessing the Role of Smaller Format Retailers on the Food Desert Landscape in Dallas, Texas. University of North Texas: Masters Thesis.
43
44