The Geography of Food Insecurity, Dallas County

THE GEOGRAPHY OF FOOD INSECURITY

GUIDING THE STRATEGIC EXPANSION OF CHARITABLE FOOD DISTRIBUTION IN DALLAS COUNTY, TX Crossroads Community Services DECEMBER 2014

PREPARED BY The buildingcommunityWORKSHOP is a Dallas based nonprofit community design center seeking to improve the livability and viability of communities through the practice of thoughtful design and making. We enrich the lives of citizens by bringing design thinking to areas of our city where resources are most scarce. To do so, buildingcommunityWORKSHOP recognizes that it must first understand the social, economic, and environmental issues facing a community before beginning work.

SUPPORTED BY As the largest community foundation in Texas and one of the largest in the nation, Communities Foundation of Texas (CFT) works with families, companies and nonprofits to strengthen our community through a variety of charitable funds and strategic grantmaking initiatives. The foundation professionally manages more than 900 charitable funds and has awarded more than $1.3 billion in grants since its founding in 1953. Increasing financial stability of working families is one of the two key focus areas of CFT’s community impact funds. To support this area, CFT has launched the Data Driven Decision-Making (D3) Institute. The D3 Institute is designed to provide organizations that offer programs and services for low-income working families the power to accelerate their development of enduring solutions to the social and economic problems facing this population. www.cftexas.org/D3

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CROSSROADS COMMUNITY SERVICES (CCS) Crossroads Community Services (CCS) works to ensure that all people in Dallas County have ready access to nourishing foods, and to offer life-skills education that can help people accomplish goals that are important to them, including health and weight management goals. CCS partners with more than 60 organizations across Dallas County to deliver food to those most in need.

CCS demonstrates an exemplary model of food distribution, using a unique algorithm that allocates the appropriate type and amount of nutritious foods for client and client household. CCS’s service model has been recognized by leading national organizations.

Notable accomplishments include delivering more than 2.5 million pounds of food in 2014; partnering with 69 organizations to operate as Community Distribution Partners (CDPs), and providing meals to more than 8,000 households and 21,000 individuals.

To further serve those in need in Dallas County, CCS plans to expand its CDP network into new areas by identifying “micro-pockets” of food insecurity and partnering with organizations within these communities to fulfill unmet need.

ABOUT THIS STUDY CCS chose to engage bcWORKSHOP as part of an additional consulting service offered through the Communities Foundation of Texas Data Driven Decision-Making (D3) Institute. bcWORKSHOP is providing Dallas area nonprofit organizations with a data analysis package to inform decision-making on a specific problem or challenge defined by the non-profit.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY To effectively distribute food to those who face food insecurity in Dallas County, Crossroads Community Services works with a network of partner organizations that enable those in need to access nutritious food. This report aims to guide the strategic expansion of this network to areas of Dallas County that are at increased risk of food insecurity and lack access to retail and charitable food providers. Potential partner organizations in each of the targeted areas have been identified to help improve the ability of CCS staff to expand the CDP network to these new parts of Dallas County.

This report provides analysis of CCS service delivery; an exploration of CCS client demographics, sub-county estimates of food insecurity; and an expansion of food desert research including retail grocery stores and food pantries. Highlights include:

• 34% of food distributed by CCS to CDP sites flows to Southeastern Dallas County, when analyzing CDP sites active as of September 2014;

• Children under 19 make up 31% of the overall population in Dallas County, but this same age group makes up 46% of CCS clients between 2012 and 2014;

• Roughly ¼ of the food insecure population in Dallas County, about 133,000 people, •

live in areas of concentrated food insecurity (Census Tracts with food insecurity rates greater than or equal to 20%).

Much of Dallas County’s food insecure population live in areas that have low accessibility to either retail or charitable food providers.

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THE CCS MODEL For $5, CCS can provide one person with enough groceries to prepare 21 balanced meals.1 Prior to 2006, clients received food from CCS’s central location in Downtown Dallas. This proved problematic for those with mental, physical, and transportationrelated-challenges. On average, clients traveled more than 15 miles round-trip to receive food.2 To address these challenges, CCS began partnering with churches, community centers, and other facilities that were more accessible to populations in need. These Community Distribution Partners (CDPs) helped form the next step in the CCS food delivery model – the hub and spoke. This approach reduced the average round-trip distance for CCS clients to only 3.2 miles.3 There are numerous advantages to this hub and spoke model - for CCS, the partner organizations, and the community as a whole. CCS’s central location functions as the “hub,” providing administration, food storage, and distribution to each CDP, the “spokes.”

These CDP locations pick-up and redistribute food, with the help of volunteers or staff, to clients closer to their homes. As a result of this approach, CCS has been designated the North Texas Food Bank (NTFB) “Redistribution Partner” - enabling small organizations to participate in the NTFB network. These small partner organizations distribute food to clients within 48 hours of pick-up from CCS. CDP locations have traditionally been small churches, nonprofit agencies, or Dallas Housing Authority (DHA) facilities. Transitional housing facilities and community centers have also participated in the network to varying degrees. Clients that receive service from these locations are generally already affiliated with the CDP organization in some way. To become a client of CCS, individuals must live in Dallas County and be below 185% of the Federal Poverty Line.4

For $5, CCS can provide one person with 21 healthy meals.

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CDP AND CLIENT DISTRIBUTIONS

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Of CCS clients, roughly a third receive food from the downtown Dallas location – with the remainder receiving food from CDP locations.6 42% of CDP clients receive service from local churches while nonprofit agencies and Dallas Housing Authority sites serve the second and third largest number of clients, respectively. The average monthly allotment of food is roughly19-25 pounds of food per person; however, clients at transitional housing facilities receive ~72 pounds of food per person.

CCS has served more than 21,000 individuals in more than 8,000 households between October 2012 and September 2014 at both CDP sites and the downtown location. However, this number varies from the number of clients active at any one time and from the number served through the CDP network, as described below. Clients in central Dallas County are concentrated in West Dallas, Oak Cliff, and near Fair Park; however there have been numerous clients from southeastern Dallas County near Pleasant Grove, Balch Springs, and Seagoville.

CDP CLIENT SERVICE LOCATION TYPES IN SEPTEMBER 2014*

42% CHURCHES 1,750 clients 19 lbs per person

19% DALLAS HOUSING AUTHORITY 774 clients 25 lbs per person

7% COMMUNITY CENTERS 293 clients 23 lbs per person 31% AGENCIES 1,274 clients 23 lbs per person

0.1% TRANSITIONAL HOUSING 4 clients 72 lbs per person

*Please note that CCS visualizations are from client and CDP data current as of September 2014 and reflect only information up until that point in time. Clients and CDP locations added after this are not included in this report. Icons from The Noun Project: Church by Joab Penalva; Greenhouse by Cody Foss; People by Moh Kamaru; and Institution by Phil Buchanan. Dallas Housing Authority logo from the Dallas Housing Authority.

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TOP CDPs BY NUMBER OF CLIENTS 1

Stewpot CNY 400 clients

Legend

2

Balch Springs Food Pantry 300 clients

COMMUNITYCrossroads DISTRIBUTION PARTNERS Community Services Agencies

Churches

Community Distribution Partners

1 -Centers 14 Community Dallas Housing Authority 15 - 34

3

City Food Ministry 266 clients

CLIENTS PER CDP 10 clients 200 clients

Crossroads Communty Services

61 - 89

Walnut Park Assembly of God 234 clients

5

Dallas Bethlehem Center 230 clients

CLIENTS PER CENSUS TRACT 1 - 14 15 - 34 35 - 60 61 - 89 90 - 131

Transitional Housing

35 - 60

4

400 clients

132 - 211

90 - 131 132 - 211

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A GLANCE AT CCS CLIENTS A sample of more than 9,000 individuals in roughly 2,800 households was used to explore the demographic characteristics of CCS clients. The population pyramids below display the relative frequency of different age groups and genders within the CCS client population (top) and the population of Dallas County (bottom). There is a clear overrepresentation of children under the age of 19 within CCS’s client population (46%) compared to Dallas County over all (31%).

Population Pyramid of Crossroads Community Services Clients

Population Pyramid of Crossroads Community Services Clients

Male

CCS Clients 8

3.7%

5%

10 to 14 0 to 419 15

3.7% 1.3%

5%

1.9% 2.2% 2.3%

1.9%

0.7% 0.5% 1.1% 0.3% 0.7%0.2% 0.5%

4%

0.3%

4%

0.2%

3.7% 4%3.5%

7085+ to 74 750 to 79 4

805 to 84 9 1085+ to 14

1.9% 2.8% 3%

1.4% 1.1% 0.5%

2.4%

1.9%

0.4% 1.4% 1.1%

3.8%

0.5%

4%

0.4%

3.4% 3.8% 3.3%

0 to 419 15 5 to 924 20

4% 3.6% 3.7% 4.1%

4%3.5% 3.6% 3.7%

3.7% 3.3% 3.4% 2.7% 3.3% 3.3%

10 25 to 14 29 15 30 to 19 34

4% 3.6% 3.4%4% 3.3%3.9%

30 45 to 34 49 35 50 to 39 54

3.3%3.9% 3.6% 3.3%

3.6% 3.6% 4% 3.5%

20 35 to 24 39 25 40 to 29 44

4.1%3.4% 4% 3.3%

2.7% 2.2%

1.5% 1% 1.5%

3% 3.5% 2.3% 3.3% 3.3% 1.7%

40 55 to 44 59 45 60 to 49 64

2.2%

0.7%

0.4% 1% 0.3% 0.7% 0.4% 0.3%

4.1%

3.9% 3% 2.4%3.1%

50 65 to 54 69 55 70 to 59 74 60 75 to 64 79 65 80 to 69 84

4.1% 3.9% 3.5% 3.1%

2.8%

40 55 to 44 59 45 to 64 49 60

2.2% 1.9% 2.5% 1.1%

3.5%

2.3% 2.3%

50 65 to 54 69 55 70 to 59 74

1.3%

3%

60 75 to 64 79 65 80 to 69 84

2.3% 0.9% 0.7% 1.7%

80 to 84

0.7%

7085+ to 74 75 to 79 85+

1.3% 0.8% 0.9% 0.8%

6.6% 7.5%

2.3%

30 45 to to 34 49 35 50 to 39 54

2.3% 2.5% 2% 2.3%

7.5% 5.2%

2.3%

20 35 to 24 39 25 40 to 29 44

2%1.3% 1.9% 2.2%

2.3%

3.8%

5 to 924 20 10 25 to 14 29 15 30 to 19 34

2.2%

7.4%

10

6.6%

5 to 9

7.4%

Dallas County 9

3.8%

0 to 4

7%

7%

Female

5.2%

Dallas County EDUCATION

10, 11

Almost 47% of CCS clients have not completed a high school education, compared to 23% in Dallas County.

Conversely, while more than half of the county has at least some college education this is true for only 13% of CCS clients.

12% CCS Clients 11% 26%

13%

29%

< 9th grade < High School

54%

HS Diploma/GED

11%

21% 23%

Some College + Unknown

RACE & ETHNICITY 12, 13

0.001%

There is a clear overrepresentation of Hispanic clients when compared to the demographic make up of the County. Over 65% of CCS clients are Hispanic while only 38.9% of Hispanic individuals make up Dallas County. However, CCS clients are underrepresented in terms of White population relative to the County.

5.3% Asian 6.8% 32.2% White

CCS Clients

26.7%

Dallas County

22% Black or African American

67.5% 38.9% Hispanic (of any race)

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WHERE THE FOOD GOES

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CDP locations are scattered throughout Dallas County, with clusters near Downtown, in West Dallas, in East Dallas near Loop 12 and I-30, and surrounding Fair Park. CCS delivers 372,000 lbs. of food to CDPs in the southeastern portion of Dallas County each year, roughly 34% of all food distributed to CDP locations. CCS distributes nearly 89,000 pounds of food each month to 60 CDP locations - or more than 1 million pounds annually in addition to food distributed to clients from the main CCS location in Downtown Dallas. However, actual food distributed through CDPs vary from month to month, thus these numbers are estimates of monthly averages.

PERCENT OF FOOD DISTRIBUTED MONTHLY: 38% CHURCHES 34,063 lbs of food 30 locations

7% COMMUNITY CENTERS 6,714 lbs of food 3 locations

33% AGENCIES 29,293 lbs of food 16 locations

22% DALLAS HOUSING AUTHORITY 19,504 lbs of food 10 locations 0.3% TRANSITIONAL HOUSING 288 lbs of food 1 location

89,863 lbs of food distributed monthly to 60 community distribution partners 12

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COMMUNITY DISTRIBUTION PARTNERS Legend Agencies Churches

1,512 -20,000 lbs 20,001 - 50,000 lbs

Community Centers

50,001 - 120,000 lbs

Dallas Housing Authority

120,001 - 562,551 lbs

C Transitional Housing

8 mi

FOOD DISTRIBUTED ANNUALLY (pounds)

Crossroads Community Services A

4

Crossroads Communty CC Services

DHA TH

13

In 2012, 20% of Dallas County Households faced food insecurity compared to only 14.5% of US households.

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THE PROBLEM OF MISSING MEALS In 2012, 14.5% of US households had problems accessing meals at some point in the year. This population, defined largely by high rates of unemployment and poverty, must spend upwards of 30% of income to purchase food and eat nutritious meals.17, 18 Food insecurity is not a permanent situation and may affect a food insecure family from seven months to multiple years.19 Regional variations in food insecurity indicate that the southern US faces greater challenges in maintaining food security than the rest of the country, with Texas and Dallas County experiencing food insecurity rates much greater than the national average (18.3% and 20%, respectively). Dallas County is ranked 6th nationally in the number of food insecure individuals with an estimated 476,540 food insecure residents, and $213,512,000 is needed annually to meet their needs.20 Food insecure individuals may have difficulty in accessing nutritious foods for a variety of reasons; however, existing research focuses on financial and environmental burdens related to decreased nutritious food access.21 This report traces the intersection between food insecurity and low access to nutritious foods in Dallas County. Organizations such as the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Feeding America conduct research on food insecurity at the national, state, and county levels, however, sub-county level research is largely unexplored in the professional and academic literature.22, 23, 24 This body of research on food insecure populations can be used to guide sub-county level estimates of food insecurity.

To identify strategic locations for expanded CCS service, research on food insecurity can be combined with research that focuses more strictly on the food environment. A growing body of research on food deserts â&#x20AC;&#x201C; areas of poverty that have limited access to grocery stores â&#x20AC;&#x201C; provides a wealth of insight in how to appropriately measure the impact of the food environment on nutritious food intake.25 In order to make the best strategic decision for service expansion, several methodological decisions have been made based on a review of professional and academic literature.

PERCENT FOOD INSECURE 26

18.3%

20%

14.5%

UNITED STATES

TEXAS

DALLAS COUNTY 15

FOOD INSECURITY According to guidelines set by the USDA and the United States Census Bureau, food insecurity refers to two distinct situations: low food security and very low food security.27 Food insecurity is not a permanent status - individuals may face food insecurity on a sustained basis or for short periods of time. Food insecure individuals are able to provide meals for themselves most of the time. The period of time when an individual is food insecure has been termed the “gap,” and organizations such as Feeding America have explored these populations and the requirements necessary to provide missed meals to individuals and families in need.

The USDA and US Census Bureau, with the annual Current Population Survey (CPS), measure the scope of food insecurity in the US. The survey results are able to provide a glimpse of the scope of food insecurity at the national level.28 Feeding America takes the CPS data to model food insecurity at the state and county levels. A number of factors have been found to be predictors of food insecurity in existing research – poverty, unemployment, percent Hispanic, percent African American, homeownership status, and median incomes.29, 30, 31 While hard data is difficult to come by, this existing body of research does provide enough information to roughly estimate food insecurity at the Census Tract level.

Data from the 2013 BLS Consumer Expenditure Survey was used to explore the financial burden of accessing food for at risk populations.32 While households and individuals with higher median household incomes spend more on food in a year, lower median household income groups spend a far greater percentage of their annual income on providing for their basic needs. In the most extreme cases, more than 30% of a household’s income can be attributed to food expenditures. In areas with high burdens of food expenses, it is likely that housing and transportation burdens could have an impact on a household’s ability to reach food security.

FOOD DESERTS The USDA defines food deserts as Census Tracts where more than 20% of the population is in poverty or where the median family income is less than 80% of the area median family income AND where at least 500 people, or 33% of the population, in a tract live further than one mile from a supermarket or grocery store.33 This theme is largely echoed in academic and professional research on the subject, however there is considerable debate regarding the specific thresholds used for both socioeconomic factors and accessibility, as well as which type of food retailers should be included.34, 35, 36 Despite an evolving definition of food deserts in academic literature, this study will focus on the USDA definition of food desert in order to identify areas of food insecurity underserved by food retailers. To identify micropockets of food insecurity, areas that experience high rates of food insecurity are used in place of the poverty thresholds identified by the USDA. While the existing body of research focuses primarily on supermarkets and grocery stores, this research must also focus on the accessibility of food pantries in relationship to retail food providers and food insecure populations. Additionally, this project will focus on examining accessibility using the distance traveled along the road network to more accurately reflect transportation to food providers.

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PROJECTED FOOD EXPENDITURES AND HOUSEHOLD INCOME DALLAS COUNTY, 2013 37

Top 20% earned $190,791

4% spent on food or $7,631

Bottom 20% earned $11,876

LEGEND $100,000 USD $60,000 USD

38% spent on food or $4,512

$30,000 USD $10,000 USD

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FINDING FOOD INSECURITY IN DALLAS COUNTY Of the factors that can predict food insecurity, only unemployment and poverty were used to model food insecurity at the census tract for Dallas County. These two variables were the strongest predictors of food insecurity in a Feeding America report, showing a 0.51% and 0.19% increase in food insecurity for every 1% increase in unemployment and poverty, respectively.38 Using those values, it was possible to derive an estimate of the percentage of the population in a census tract that was at risk of food insecurity. Census tracts with a high risk of food insecurity appear to be concentrated in West Dallas, East Oak Cliff, Cedar Crest, and throughout South Dallas.

There are also a few pockets of food insecurity in East Garland, Vickery Meadow, and east of Harry Hines Boulevard in northwest Dallas.

DEMOGRAPHIC COMPARISON 39 25%

African American

21%

62%

Hispanic

37%

34%

Below Poverty

Unemployment

19%

8% 6%

INCOME COMPARISON 40 Median Household Income

$30,638 $55,091

Food Insecure census tracts (>20%)

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All Dallas County census tracts

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0 COMMUNITY DISTRIBUTION PARTNERS Agencies Churches Community Centers

4

PERCENT FOOD INSECURE 0 - 18% 18 - 20%

Dallas Housing Authority Legend

19 - 22%

DallasCountyTracts_DemographicIndicators Crossroads Communty Services

> 27%

Transitional Housing

8 mi

23 - 26%

PercentFoo 0.000000 - 0.092121

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FOOD PROVIDER ACCESSIBILITY ANALYSIS GROCERY STORE ACCESS 41, 42 Areas with greater access to, and choice of grocery stores are represented in darker shades. There are clear distinctions between grocery store accessibility in the north central part of the county and much of the rest of the county. Areas south of the Trinity River have far fewer choices of grocery stores and have a more difficult time accessing stores.

Crossroads Communty Services Grocery Stores More access more choice

Less access less choice

1.000000 - 7.000000

FOOD PANTRY ACCESS 43, 44 Food pantry access is concentrated in central portion of Dallas, east and southeast of downtown. There is a smaller concentration of food pantries along I-20 and US 67 near Southwest Center Mall.

However, much of the rest of the county has low access to food pantries.

Crossroads Communty Services CDP Site North Texas Food Bank HQ North Texas Food Bank Agency Non-NTFB Food Pantry More access more choice

Less access less choice Legend AllFoodPantries <all other values>

Type

20

1.000000 - 7.000000 7.000001 - 13.000000

CDP

13.000001 - 21.000000

NTFB

21.000001 - 29.000000

Other

29.000001 - 42.000000

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0 COMMUNITY DISTRIBUTION PARTNERS Agencies Churches Community Centers Dallas Housing Authority Transitional Housing

Legend Crossroads Communty Services InaccessibileArea

4

8 mi

Indicates area where there is limited access to, or choice of, grocery stores or food pantries. Food is more accessible in areas north and east of the city center.

Areas with low access and choice include most of 1.000000 - 7.000000 southeast Dallas County, large parts of western Dallas - 13.000000 County, and portions7.000001 of Pleasant Grove.

13.000001 - 21.000000 21.000001 - 29.000000 29.000001 - 42.000000 21

MICROPOCKETS OF FOOD INSECURITY Residential areas were selected from census tracts with estimated food insecurity rates greater than 20% (1); these areas were then compared with the areas of low accessibility to grocery stores and food pantries to select areas of food insecurity and low accessibility to food providers (2). These areas can be considered micropockets of food insecurity,.

However, target service expansion by CCS requires more in-depth identification of target areas. A final selection was identified by the intersection of micropockets and areas that were projected to face negative growth in median household incomes from 2014 to 2019.45 Of these areas, five census tracts merited further investigation (3) due to their consolidation, nearness to other micropockets, and substaintial lack of infrastructure.

Each of these neighborhoods is discussed in detail in the following section.

(1)

Census tracts with >20% food insecure population

Residential areas falling within census tracts with >20% food insecure population

1.000000 - 7.000000 7.000001 - 13.000000

Legend DemographicIndicators_Residential selection

13.000001 - 21.000000

(2)

21.000001 - 29.000000 29.000001 - 42.000000

Residential areas falling within census tracts with >20% food insecure population

Areas with limited choice and access to food pantries and grocery stores Residential areas falling within census tracts with >20% food insecure population and within areas of limited choice and access Legend

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1.000000 - 7.000000 7.000001 - 13.000000

MicroPockets_Better

13.000001 - 21.000000

DemographicIndicators_Residential selection

21.000001 - 29.000000

InaccessibileArea

29.000001 - 42.000000

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Pleasant Mound I - 30

US - 175

Pemberton Hill

Los Encinos-Westhaven

South-Central Pleasant Grove

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Southwest Pleasant Grove

0

4

8 mi

Residential area with limited food access, limited food choice, greater liklihood of food insecurity and a projected negative income growth into 2019.

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POSSIBLE AREAS OF EXPANSION 5 areas have been identified for the possible expansion of the CDP network. Using data from the North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG), the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services (TXDFPS), and Reference USA - in addition to the previously used grocery store and food pantry data - to identify existing assets surrounding the identified neighborhoods.46, 47, 48 Complete listings of assets in the surrounding areas are found in the Appendix.

LOS ENCINOS-WESTHAVEN This residential area is a collection of several smaller neighborhoods near Mountain View College in southwest Dallas. While there are a handful of grocery stores in the surrounding area, and an existing NTFB-affiliated food pantry, food assets in the neighborhood are limited. However, two small food pantries that are unaffiliated with the NTFB do operate in the area. Childcare facilities are limited in the area, however numerous churches present an opportunity for possible CDP partnerships.

PLEASANT MOUND While CCS already serves 63 individuals in this neighborhood, there is still a need for more food service. Two existing NTFB-affiliated pantries operate in the vicinity, along with 5 grocery stores, however assets in the neighborhood are limited. Service expansion in the area could focus on addressing the estimated food insecure population not served by existing CCS or NTFB locations within the neighborhood.

SOUTH CENTRAL PLEASANT GROVE While this census tract is projected to face a drop in median household income through 2019, other areas of existing high food insecurity border much of this area.

4 NTFB pantries currently operate in the area alongside 1 CDP, although retail food options are limited. A larger number of churches operate in the surrounding area, with several immediately in the targeted census tract, and could potentially be recruited to participate in the CCS network.

PEMBERTON HILL This neighborhood is roughly half of the overall area of its census tract, which encompasses parts of the Trinity Forest. One existing food pantry operates in Pemberton Hill and has no affiliation with NTFB or CCS. This pantry might be a good entry point in the community in order to expand the number of food insecure individuals and households reached. Additionally, several churches that operate in the area may make viable partners.

SOUTHWEST PLEASANT GROVE This portion of Pleasant Grove, just north of US - 175, may provide good opportunity for CDP expansion. Existing food assets include 2 grocery stores and 3 NTFB pantries, although the NTFB pantries are somewhat removed from this community. However, this location may prove difficult to address as assets in the area are largely outside of the targeted area.

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COCKRELL HILL

Los Encinos-Westhaven Vista Real

Kiest Forest Western Park W ILLINOIS AVE

Los Encinos

WESTMORELAND

Rolling Meadows

UR

40

8

Westhaven

SP

Pecan Grove Park

Encinos Park

Kiest Valley Estates

W KIEST BLVD

O

LO P

Kimball

12

Vista Del Cielo 0Target0.25 Areas

0.5

1 Miles

Primary Recommended Area Community Center Secondary Recommended Area Church

Food Assets NTFB

Child Care

Community Center Assisted Living

Agency

2012 Total Population: 9,532 Food Insecure Population: 2,028 CCS Clients: 36 49

13% African American

Other Assets

Childcare facility (5) NTFB (1) Recommended Area Other Assisted Living Non-NTFB Food Bank (2) High Authority Food Insecurity and Low GroceryGroceryStoresSuperMarkets Store (2) Dallas Housing

DallasHousingAuthority

- Census Tract TransitionalArea1 Housing

TransitionalHousing

Church (27) Community Center Agency (2)

77%

7%

39%

22%

Hispanic

Unemployed

Without High School

In Poverty 25

Pleasant Mound

MILITARY PKWY

Independence Park SCYENE RD

S

Pleasant Mound

M

SA O

ST

U

O

H N

Piedmont/ Scyene S BUCKNER BLVD

0.5

1 Miles Existing

Primary Recommended Area Community Center Secondary Recommended Area Church

Pleasant Grove

CDPs

Child Care Church (1) Community Center Assisted Living

Food Assets NTFB

Agency

45% African American 26

47% Hispanic

Other Assets

NTFB (2) Other Non-NTFB Food Bank GroceryStoresSuperMarkets Grocery Store (5)

2012 Total Population: 6,762 Food Insecure Population: 1,406 CCS Clients: 63 50

N MASTERS DR

N PRAIRIE CREEEK RD

0 Target0.25 Areas

BRUTON RD

Childcare facility (28) Recommended Area Assisted Living (1) High Food Insecurity Dallas Housing Authority (1) and Low

DallasHousingAuthority

Area1 - Census Tract Transitional Housing

TransitionalHousing

Church (46) Community Center

11% Unemployed

Agency (5)

34% Without High School

19% In Poverty

South Central Pleasant Grove LAKE JUNE RD N MASTERS DR

N PRAIRIE CREEK RD

S BUCKNER BLVD

Pleasant Grove ELAM RD

US

-1

Crawford

75

Memorial Park

SEAGOVILLE RD

TRINITY

US

-1

75

I-

20

CORRIDOR

Target Areas

0

0.325

0.65

Existing CDPs

1.3 Miles

Food Assets

Primary Recommended Area

Child Care Church (1)

Community Center Secondary Recommended Area Church

Community Center

Agency

Assisted Living

2012 Total Population: 7,157 Food Insecure Population: 1,697 CCS Clients: 100 51

29% African American

Other Assets

NTFB NTFB (4)

Childcare facility (23)

Assisted Living Recommended Area Non-NTFB Food Bank Other Grocery Store (2) Dallas Housing High Authority Food Insecurity and Low GroceryStoresSuperMarkets Transitional Housing Area1 - Census Tract DallasHousingAuthority Church (62) TransitionalHousing Community Center Agency (3)

67%

10%

47%

29%

Hispanic

Unemployed

Without High School

In Poverty 27

Pemberton Hill S BUCKNER BLVD

JIM MILLER RD LAKE JUNE RD

GREAT TRINITY FOREST PEMBERTON HILL RD

Pleasant Grove

Pemberton Hill ELAM RD

US

I - 45

IT

RIN

TT EA

R SG

ST

RE

O YF

Areas 0.65 0Target0.325

Existing 1.3 Miles

CDPs

Child Care Church (1) Community Center

Food Assets

Assisted Living

NTFB NTFB (4) OtherFood Bank (1) Non-NTFB

2012 Total Population: 4,338 Food Insecure Population: 1,059 CCS Clients: 95

28

Other Assets

Childcare facility (12) Recommended Area Assisted Living (1)

Grocery Store (2) High Food Insecurity and Lo Dallas Housing Authority GroceryStoresSuperMarkets

Agency

African American

75

Y WA

Primary Recommended Area Community Center Secondary Recommended Area Church

14%

-1

DallasHousingAuthority TransitionalHousing

Transitional Housing Area1 - Census Tract Church (55) Community Center (4) Agency (4)

84%

9%

65%

35%

Hispanic

Unemployed

Without High School

In Poverty

Southwest Pleasant Grove S BUCKNER BLVD

GREAT TRINITY FOREST

LAKE JUNE RD

Pleasant Grove PEMBERTON HILL RD

Pemberton Hill ELAM RD

JIM MILLER RD

S GREAT TRINITY FOREST WAY

Areas 0.55 0Target0.275

1.1 Miles

Primary Recommended Area Community Center Secondary Recommended Area Church

US

Community Center Assisted Living

84%

African American

Hispanic

Other Assets

NTFB Childcare facility (18) NTFB (3) Recommended Area Other Assisted Living (1) Non-NTFB Food Bank High Authority Food Insecurity and Low Grocery Store (2) GroceryStoresSuperMarkets Dallas Housing DallasHousingAuthority

Agency

8%

75

Food Assets

Child Care

2012 Total Population: 5,266 Food Insecure Population: 1,363 CCS Clients: 89 53

-1

TransitionalHousing

10% Unemployed

TransitionalArea1 Housing - Census Tract Church (46) Community Center (3) Agency (4)

61%

33%

Without High School

In Poverty 29

30

CONCLUSION Of the 5 census tracts identified in this report, each offers a real opportunity to address the needs of existing food insecure populations and to fulfill need in areas that may face increased rates of food insecurity in the coming years. However, this issue is not limited to just 5 census tracts and the neighborhoods that fall within them - food insecurity, at present, is a problem within much of Dallas County. The method used to indentify these five areas has expanded on the existing body of research on food deserts and food security in Dallas.54, 55 Targeted expansion of CCS services across the county should begin in these five areas.

While food assets are present in and around each area, when compared with the rest of the county these areas are highly underserved in both accessibility to either marketbased or charitable food providers and choice of nutritious food providers. However, each of these areas offers its own benefits and challenges in implementing a new CDP. Conversations with NTFB staff may be necessary to gauge their current service delivery from pantries in these areas.

Additionally, the research conducted in these targeted areas can be replicated by CCS staff to identify the possibility of expanding service into other areas of food insecurity and low accessibility. Datasets from NCTCOG, TXDFPS, and Reference USA are all accessible and can help inform strategic decision-making.

31

APPENDIX LOS ENCINOS - WESTHAVEN Type

Name

Address

City

ZIP

Agency

Apostolic Berean Believer

3207 Kiesthill Dr

Dallas

75233 Reference USA

Agency

Beacon Hill Preparatory Inst

4849 W Illinois Ave

Dallas

75211 Reference USA

Child Care

Jacqueline Coleman

2905 W Pentagon Pkwy Apt 106

Dallas

75233 TXDFPS

Child Care

Kids Korner Learning Center

4707 Larue

Dallas

75211 TXDFPS

Child Care

R & R 24 hrs Day Care

3805 Crepe Myrtle Ln

Dallas

75233 TXDFPS

Child Care

TDA Day Care

4710 W Illinois Ave

Dallas

75211 TXDFPS

Child Care

Teressia Whitehead-Blair

4661 Bridle Wood Dr

Dallas

75211 TXDFPS

Church

Called Fellowship Baptist Church

3104 Gibbs Williams Rd

Dallas

75233 NCTCOG

Church

Cambodian Buddist Temple

5701 Crystal Lake Blvd

Dallas

75236 NCTCOG

Church

Centro De Fe Asamblea De Dios

4320 Texas Dr

Dallas

75211 NCTCOG

Church

Cliffwood Church Of Christ

3822 W Kiest Blvd

Dallas

75233 NCTCOG

Church

Dallas First Church

5606 W Illinois Ave

Dallas

75211 NCTCOG

Church

Family Love Church

2760 Emmett St

Dallas

75211 NCTCOG

Church

Fellowship Baptist Church Of Oak Cliff

3607 S Westmoreland Rd

Dallas

75233 NCTCOG

Church

Fountain Of Life Pentecostal

1608 Cockrell Hill Rd

Dallas

75211 NCTCOG

Church

Freedom Missionary Baptist Church

3715 S Westmoreland Rd

Dallas

75233 NCTCOG

Church

Gospel Lighthouse Church

5525 W Illinois Ave

Dallas

75211 NCTCOG

Church

Greater New Hope Church

3822 Boulder Dr

Dallas

75233 NCTCOG

Church

Homprakhoon Baptist Church

3721 S Ledbetter Dr

Dallas

75236 NCTCOG

Church

Iglesia Bautista Tierra Prometida

4911 Wisteria Dr

Dallas

75211 NCTCOG

Church

Iglesia LA Senda Antigua

3220 Los Angeles Blvd

Dallas

75233 Reference USA

Church

Iglesia Pentecostes Amisadai

1520 Marion Dr

Dallas

75211 Reference USA

Church

Kiestview Church Of Christ

3323 Guadalupe Ave

Dallas

75233 NCTCOG

Church

Miracle Center Church Of Dallas

3615 Blue Ridge Blvd

Dallas

75233 NCTCOG

Church

Mt Zion Deliverance Church

4946 LA Rue St

Dallas

75211 Reference USA

Church

New Life Bible Fellowship

3727 W Kiest Blvd

Dallas

75233 NCTCOG

Church

Nuestra Senora De Fatima

2323 Coombs Creek Dr

Dallas

75211 NCTCOG

Church

Nuestrasenora Del Pilar Catholic

4455 W Illinois Ave

Dallas

75211 NCTCOG

Church

Southwood United Methodist Church

3601 S Ravinia Dr

Dallas

75233 NCTCOG

Church

Templo De Alabanza

4710 W Illinois Ave

Dallas

75211 Reference USA

Church

Turning Point Church

2555 S Ledbetter Dr

Dallas

75211 NCTCOG

Church

Unitarian Universalist Church Of Oak Cliff

3839 W Kiest Blvd

Dallas

75233 NCTCOG

Church

Zion Apostolic Temple

3940 Blue Ridge Blvd

Dallas

75233 NCTCOG

NTFB

Mountain View Church of Christ

4111 W. Illinois Ave.

Dallas

75211 NTFB

Other Pantry Focus Learning Academy

2524 W. Lebetter Dr.

Dallas

75233 bcW

Other Pantry Lighthouse Christian Academy

5525 W. Illnois Ave.

Dallas

75221 bcW

32

Properties

PLEASANT MOUND Type

Name

Address

City

ZIP

Source

Agency

A Solid Foundation

2045 New Haven Dr

Dallas

75217 Reference USA

Agency

Reginald House Ctr

445 Bruton Terrace Ctr

Dallas

75227 Reference USA

Agency

Shoes For My Children

9730 Bruton Rd

Dallas

75217 Reference USA

Agency

Texas Career Institute

9585 Scyene Rd # J

Dallas

75227 Reference USA

Agency

Workforce Center

2020 N Masters Dr # 102

Dallas

75217 Reference USA

Assisted Living

St Augustine Estate

2222 N Saint Augustine Dr

Dallas

75227 Reference USA

CDP

God’s Truest Miracles (Prichard House)

2103 Prichard Ln

Dallas

75227 CCS

Child Care

Building Lives Christian Academy & Child Care

2120 N Saint Augustine Dr Ste 126 Dallas

75227 TXDFPS

Child Care

Diane Jernigan

8320 Foxwood Ln

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care

Direct Purpose LLC

8510 Military Pkwy

Dallas

75227 TXDFPS

Child Care

El Kinder - Bilingual Early Childhood Education

2523 S Buckner Blvd

Dallas

75227 TXDFPS

Child Care

Family Christian Learning Center

9279 Palisade Dr

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care

Heavenly Joy Day Care Center

2015 N Masters Dr Ste 110

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care

HIM Learning Center

9508 Scyene Rd

Dallas

75227 TXDFPS

Child Care

Imagination Station Child Care Center

7221 Scyene Rd

Dallas

75227 TXDFPS

Child Care

Kimberly Jones

9685 Limestone Dr

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care

Lake Cliff Childrens Courtyard

6909 Scyene Rd

Dallas

75227 TXDFPS

Child Care

LaTasha Watts

2 Tonka Cir

Mesquite

75149 TXDFPS

Child Care

LaTonja’s Loving Arms

2515 Bobwhite Blvd

Mesquite

75149 TXDFPS

Child Care

Linda Huff

10435 Castlerock Dr

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care

Mary Lindsey

927 Powell Rd

Mesquite

75149 TXDFPS

Child Care

Mary Marshall

8641 Comer Dr

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care

Mr Ed Lil Superstars

9009 Bruton Rd

Dallas

75217 Reference USA

Child Care

New Age Day Care Academy

2920 N Prairie Creek Rd

Dallas

75227 TXDFPS

Child Care

Nueva Vida Day Care Pleasant Grove

10747 Bruton Rd

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care

Play and Learn Christian Academy

9510 Military Pkwy

Dallas

75227 TXDFPS

Child Care

Quintas Rhinehart

2423 Mccutcheon Ln

Dallas

75227 TXDFPS

Child Care

Rainbow’s End Child Dev Ctr

301 W Kaufman St

Dallas

75227 Reference USA

Child Care

Scribbles Learning Center Inc

8025 Umphress Rd

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care

Sherandas Playhouse II

2124 N Prairie Creek Rd

Dallas

75227 TXDFPS

Child Care

Super Stars Academy

9009 Bruton Rd # 447

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care

The Honeycomb Hideout

2514 S Buckner Blvd

Dallas

75227 TXDFPS

Child Care

Tiffany Hinton

125 Darien Dr

Mesquite

75149 TXDFPS

Child Care

Vanessa Hawkins

10336 Oak Branch Ln

Dallas

75227 TXDFPS

Child Care

Willis Hall

2506 Fonville Dr

Dallas

75227 TXDFPS

Church

Aaron J Calhoun Ministries

9435 Culberson St

Dallas

75227 Reference USA

Church

Bruton Terrace Church Of The Nazarene

8851 Bruton Rd

Dallas

75217 NCTCOG

Church

Christ Community Fellowship Church

9510 Briggs St

Dallas

75227 NCTCOG

Church

Christ Gospel Church

621 Old London Ln

Mesquite

75149 NCTCOG

Church

Christ Holy Temple

2423 S Buckner Blvd

Dallas

75227 NCTCOG

Church

Church Of Acts On The Rock

9256 Bruton Rd

Dallas

75217 Reference USA 33

PLEASANT MOUND (continued) Type

Name

Address

City

ZIP

Source

Church

Cornerstone Community Church

1950 Alpha Dr

Dallas

75227 Reference USA

Church

Dallas Gospel Chapel

2930 N Saint Augustine Dr

Dallas

75227 Reference USA

Church

East Dallas Church Of God

9401 Scyene Rd

Dallas

75227 NCTCOG

Church

Ebenezer Baptist Church

1401 Powell Rd

Mesquite

75149 NCTCOG

Church

Ebenezer Missionary Baptist Church

8015 Blossom Ln

Dallas

75227 NCTCOG

Church

Encouraging Word Bible

11038 Limestone Dr

Balch Springs

75180 NCTCOG

Church

Faith Presbyterian Church

709 S Peachtree Rd

Mesquite

75149 NCTCOG

Church

Faithway Fellowship Bapt Chr

10504 Bruton Rd

Dallas

75217 Reference USA

Church

Fellowship Missionary Baptist

9208 Briggs St

Dallas

75227 Reference USA

Church

First Baptist Chr Of Rockwall

610 S Gollad St

Dallas

75227 Reference USA

Church

First Fellowship Baptist Chr

2120 N Saint Augustine Dr

Dallas

75227 Reference USA

Church

God’S Anointed Sanctified Worship Church 2033 Military Pkwy #403

Mesquite

75149 NCTCOG

Church

Grace Asamblea De Dios

Dallas

75227 Reference USA

Church

Greater Macedonia Primitive Baptist Church 8343 Bruton Rd

Dallas

75217 NCTCOG

Church

Heartline Ministries

9755 E R L Thornton Fwy

Dallas

75227 Reference USA

Church

Hispanic Institute Of Ministry

9508 Scyene Rd

Dallas

75227 NCTCOG

Church

Igl Baut El Buen Pastor

3011 Cypress Ave

Dallas

75227 Reference USA

2801 Sam Houston Rd

Church

Iglesia Cristiana Fuego De Dios

1900 Haddock Dr

Mesquite

75149 NCTCOG

Church

Jehovah’s Witnesses

2749 Sam Houston Rd

Dallas

75227 Reference USA

Church

Lakeside Baptist Church

8401 Bruton Rd

Dallas

75217 NCTCOG

Church

Liberty Baptist Church

1833 Cheyenne Rd

Dallas

75217 NCTCOG

Church

Liberty Outreach Christian Church

2920 Prairie Creek Rd

Dallas

75227 NCTCOG

Church

Living Word Missionary Baptist Church

2237 Masters Dr

Dallas

75227 NCTCOG

Church

Mesquite Baptist Church

2015 Hickory Tree Rd

Balch Springs

75180 NCTCOG

Church

Nazareth Missionary Baptist Church

8205 Bruton Rd

Dallas

75227 NCTCOG

Church

New Life Full Gospel Cmnty Chr

3302 N Prairie Creek Rd

Dallas

75227 Reference USA

Church

Oasis Of Life Ministries

2552 Earlcove Dr

Dallas

75227 Reference USA

Church

Pathway Of Life Church

8510 Military Pkwy

Dallas

75227 NCTCOG

Church

Pleasant Grove Academy Cogic

1720 Neal Gay Dr

Mesquite

75149 NCTCOG

Church

Pleasant Grove Community Baptist Church 7815 Hume Dr

Dallas

75227 NCTCOG

Church

Pleasant Mound Church

8301 Bruton Rd

Dallas

75217 NCTCOG

Church

Primera Iglesia Bautista De Dallas

3625 Cypress Ave

Dallas

75227 NCTCOG

Church

Rehoboth Deliverance Temple Of The Holy 1516 N Prairie Creek Rd, Dallas Spirit 75217,

Dallas

75217 NCTCOG

Church

Saint Agustine Church Of Christ

1707 N Saint Augustine Dr

Dallas

75227 NCTCOG

Church

Saint Philip The Apostle Church

8131 Military Pkwy

Dallas

75227 NCTCOG

Church

Tabernacle Of Deliverance

8807 Scyene Rd

Dallas

75227 Reference USA

Church

Templo De Dios

7851 Scyene Rd

Dallas

75227 NCTCOG

Church

United Holiness Deliverance Temple

10121 Scyene Rd

Dallas

75227 NCTCOG

Church

West Mesquite Baptist Church

2808 W Scyene Rd

Mesquite

75149 NCTCOG

Church

Zion Travlers Gospel Singer

2170 Aspen Dr

Dallas

75227 Reference USA

DHA

Conner Drive

2004 Conner Drive

Dallas

75217 DHA

34

PLEASANT MOUND (continued) Type

Name

Address

City

ZIP

Source

NTFB

Pathway of Life Church

8510 Military Pkwy

Dallas

75227NTFB

NTFB

Wilkinson Center

3402 N Buckner Blvd Suite 302

Dallas

75228NTFB

SOUTH CENTRAL PLEASANT GROVE Type

Name

Address

City

Zip

Agency

AMVETS Department Of Texas

928 S Buckner Blvd

Dallas

75217 Reference USA

Agency

Lift For Life Outreach

230 Turin Dr

Dallas

75217 Reference USA

Agency

Omega Iglesia Bautista

342 Freddie St

Dallas

75217 Reference USA

CDP

Pleasant Oaks Missionary Baptist Church

412 N. Masters

Dallas

75217 CCS

Child Care Amarias Learning Center

768 N Saint Augustine Dr

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care Consuelo Aguirre

10320 Trail Ave

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care Darnita Austin

296 Buttercup Ln

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care Dinky’s Daycare

811 Arbol Verde Ct

Dallas

75217 Reference USA

Child Care Earline Williams

115 S Trego Ct

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care Florence Parker

556 Blueberry Blvd

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care G & J Learning Center

1111 N Jim Miller Rd

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care Kenya’s Learning Safari

515 N Saint Augustine Dr

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care Kingdom Kids Child Placing

9709 C F Hawn Fwy

Dallas

75217 Reference USA

Child Care Kingdom Kids Development Center

845 S Buckner Blvd

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care Lake June Head Start

9030 Lake June Rd

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care Lashana Mitchell

10310 Kinslow Dr

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care Little Creations Learning Center

210 N Prairie Creek Rd

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care Little Steps Learning Center #2

7121 Lake June Rd

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care Myshundre Davis

1324 Thorne St

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care Reid’s Creative Academy

6969 C F Hawn Fwy

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care Riding Rainbows CDC Inc

1132 S Buckner Blvd

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

1236 N Jim Miller Rd

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care Rylie Day Care Center

1509 Haymarket Rd

Dallas

75253 TXDFPS

Child Care Sherandas Playhouse

333 S Saint Augustine Dr Ste Dallas 101

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care Smile of a Child Learning Center

8817 Lake June Rd

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care Stepping Stones Early CDC Inc

8315 Lake June Rd

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Child Care Willie F Cornelius Montessori Academy

6819 Lake June Rd

Dallas

75217 TXDFPS

Church

Believers International Mnstrs

6606 Great Trinity Forest Way Dallas

75217 Reference USA

Church

Bethel Baptist Church

11435 Ravenview Rd

Dallas

75253 NCTCOG

Church

Bethel Motors

7312 C F Hawn Fwy

Dallas

75217 Reference USA

Church

Bright Star Missionary Baptist Church

9650 Lake June Rd

Dallas

75217 NCTCOG

Church

Cathedral Of Faith Baptist Church

6901 Great Trinity Forest Way Dallas

75217 NCTCOG

Church

Church Of Christ Of Rylie

10240 Rylie Rd

Dallas

75217 NCTCOG

Church

Church Of The Living God

7115 Elam Rd

Dallas

75217 NCTCOG

Church

Compassionate Community Church

7103 Rosemont Rd

Dallas

75217 NCTCOG

Church

Cristo LA Roca

8003 Lake June Rd

Dallas

75217 Reference USA

Child Care

Romekias Little Goodies Resource Learning Center

Source

35

SOUTH CENTRAL PLEASANT GROVE (continued) Type

Name

Address

City

Zip

Source

Church

Cross Of Christ Baptist

602 N Jim Miller Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Crossover Missionary

1220 Murdock Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Dallas Pentecostal Church

8126 Suetelle Dr

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Dallas Spanish Pleasant Grove Seventh Day Adventist

7927 Rosemont

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Day Spring Pentecostal Church

817 Holcomb Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Emmanuel Fellowship Baptist Church

400 N Prairie Creek Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Faith Kingdom Church Of God

6916 Lake June Rd

Dallas

75217Reference USA

Church

Familia Bethel Internacional

617 S Saint Augustine Dr

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Fireside Drive Baptist Church

8805 Fireside Dr

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

First Baptist Church Of Rylie

10650 C F Hawn Fwy

Dallas

75217NCTCOG 75180NCTCOG

Church

Frontier Rev Ctr Inc

10920 Elam Rd

Balch Springs

Church

God’S Word Missionary

9319 Elam Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Goodwill Baptist Church

516 N Jim Miller Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Gospel Tabernacle Church

445 S Masters Dr

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Greater Apostolic Tabernacle

3707 S Peachtree Rd

Balch Springs

75180NCTCOG

Church

Harvest Baptist Church

10723 Elam Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Hawn Freeway Church Of Christ

7605 C F Hawn Fwy

Dallas

75217Reference USA

Church

House Of Prayer

7004 Carter Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Iglesia Avivamiento Cristiano

7550 Texas 12 Loop

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Iglesia Bautista Betania Church

7530 C F Hawn Fwy

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Iglesia Bautista Union Con Cristo

1115 Ridgewood Dr

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Iglesia Evangelica Cristiana

9710 Elam Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Iglesia Ministerio Restoracion Familia

1231 Dowdy Ferry Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Iglesia Nueva Canzion

8238 Elam Rd

Dallas

75217Reference USA

Church

Jehovah’s Witnesses

149 N Saint Augustine Dr

Dallas

75217Reference USA

Church

Lake June Baptist Church

10602 Lake June Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Lifeline Community Church Of The Living God

901 Haymarket Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Little Bethel Assembly Of God Church

10016 Lake June Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Living Gospel Church

829 N Saint Augustine Dr

Dallas

75217Reference USA

Church

Love Outreach Church

340 S Seagoville Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Mount Sinai Baptist Church

6819 Lake June Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

New Bethel Ministries

484 S Saint Augustine Dr

Dallas

75217Reference USA

Church

New Covenant Missionary Baptist Church

918 Holcomb Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

New Creations Church

210 N Prairie Creek Rd

Dallas

75217Reference USA

Church

New Haven Baptist Church

10110 Rylie Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

New Life Fellowship

10900 Cade Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

New Light Church

9314 Elam Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

New Millennium Bible Fellowship Praise Center 9026 Elam Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Newman Park Christian Center

7922 Fairport Rd

Dallas

75217NCTCOG

Church

Our Savior Episcopal Church

1616 N Jim Miller Rd

Dallas

75217Reference USA

36

SOUTH CENTRAL PLEASANT GROVE (continued) Type

Name

Address

City

Zip

Church

Pleasant Grove Christian Church

1324 Pleasant Dr

Dallas

75217 NCTCOG

Source

Church

Pleasant Oaks Baptist Church

412 N Masters Dr

Dallas

75217 NCTCOG

Church

Prairie Creek Baptist Church

1013 Dowdy Ferry Rd

Dallas

75217 NCTCOG

Church

Praise Temple

10412 Elam Rd

Dallas

75217 NCTCOG

Church

Saint Augustine Church

1054 N St Augustine Rd

Dallas

75217 NCTCOG

Church

Seagoville Road Baptist Church

11524 Seagoville Rd

Mesquite

75180 NCTCOG

Church

Southern Hills Church Of Christ

6969 C F Hawn Freeway

Dallas

75217 NCTCOG

Church

Spence Park Baptist Church

11209 Lyric Ln

Balch Springs

75180 NCTCOG

Church

St Augustine Ministry Ctr

411 S Saint Augustine Dr

Dallas

75217 Reference USA

Church

St James AME Church

200 N Jim Miller Rd

Dallas

75217 Reference USA

Church

Star Of Bethlehem Baptist Church

8702 Eden Valley Ln

Dallas

75217 NCTCOG

Church

Way Of Truth

845 S Buckner Blvd

Dallas

75217 Reference USA

Church

Wings-Deliverance Tabernacle

512 Holcomb Rd

Dallas

75217 Reference USA

NTFB

Care Center Ministries

7912 Antoinette

Dallas

75217 NTFB

NTFB

Newman Park Christian Center

7922 Fairport Rd.

Dallas

75217 NTFB

NTFB

Pleasant Grove Food Pantry

1331 Baywood Street

Dallas

75217 NTFB

NTFB

Way Of Truth

845 S. Buckner Blvd

Dallas

75217 NTFB

PEMBERTON HILL Type

Name

Address

City

ZIP

Source

Agency

AMVETS Department Of Texas

928 S Buckner Blvd

Dallas

75217

Reference USA

Agency

Omega Iglesia Bautista

342 Freddie St

Dallas

75217

Reference USA

Agency

Pleasant Grove Senior Citizens

7224 Umphress Rd

Dallas

75217

Reference USA

Agency

Way Of Truth

845 S Buckner Blvd

Dallas

75217

Reference USA

Assisted Living

Umphress Terrace

7242 Umphress Rd

Dallas

75217

Reference USA

CDP

True Foundation Christian Church

2620 Rochester St.

Dallas

75215

CCS

Child Care

Diane Jernigan

8320 Foxwood Ln

Dallas

75217

TXDFPS

Child Care

G & J Learning Center

1111 N Jim Miller Rd

Dallas

75217

TXDFPS

Child Care

Infinity Learning Center

4714 Yancy St

Dallas

75216

TXDFPS

Child Care

Kingdom Kids Child Placing

9709 C F Hawn Fwy

Dallas

75217

Reference USA

Child Care

Kingdom Kids Development Center

845 S Buckner Blvd

Dallas

75217

TXDFPS

Child Care

Little Lucys Day Care

1314 Lonsdale Ave

Dallas

75217

TXDFPS

Child Care

Little Steps Learning Center #2

7121 Lake June Rd

Dallas

75217

TXDFPS

Child Care

Riding Rainbows CDC Inc

1132 S Buckner Blvd

Dallas

75217

TXDFPS

Child Care

Romekias Little Goodies Resource Learning Center

1236 N Jim Miller Rd

Dallas

75217

TXDFPS

Child Care

Scribbles Learning Center Inc

8025 Umphress Rd

Dallas

75217

TXDFPS

Child Care

Stepping Stones Early CDC Inc

8315 Lake June Rd

Dallas

75217

TXDFPS

Child Care

Tanisha Yates

6439 Seco Blvd

Dallas

75217

TXDFPS

Church

Apostolic Assembly Church

1106 Pemberton Hill Rd

Dallas

75217

NCTCOG

Church

Believers International Mnstrs

6606 Great Trinity Forest Way

Dallas

75217

Reference USA 37

PEMBERTON HILL (continued) Type

Name

Address

City

Church

Believers Missionary Bapt Chr

7406 Elam Rd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Church

Bethel Motors

7312 C F Hawn Fwy

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Church

Cathedral Of Faith Baptist Church

6901 Great Trinity Forest Way

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Christian Missionary Baptist Church

4706 Fellows Ln

Dallas 75216 NCTCOG

Church

Church Of Christ Of Pemberton Hill

320 Pemberton Hill Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Church Of The Living God

7115 Elam Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Church On The Way

754 Elsberry Ave

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Church Where Jesus Is Lord

700 Elwayne Ave

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Compassionate Community Church

7103 Rosemont Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Cristo LA Roca

8003 Lake June Rd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Church

Cross Of Christ Baptist

602 N Jim Miller Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Crossover Missionary

1220 Murdock Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Dallas Spanish Pleasant Grove Seventh Day Adventist

7927 Rosemont

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Day Spring Pentecostal Church

817 Holcomb Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Emmanuel Fellowship Bapt Chr

400 N Prairie Creek Rd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Church

Evangelist Temple Church Of God In Christ

2627 Dorris St

Dallas 75215 NCTCOG

Church

Faith Kingdom Church Of God

6916 Lake June Rd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Church

Gethsemane Missionary Baptist Church

4600 Solar Ln

Dallas 75216 NCTCOG

Church

Goodwill Baptist Church

516 N Jim Miller Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Hawn Freeway Church Of Christ

7605 C F Hawn Fwy

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Church

House Of Prayer

7004 Carter Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Iglesia Avivamiento Cristiano

7550 Texas 12 Loop

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Iglesia Bautista Betania Church

7530 C F Hawn Fwy

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Iglesia Bautista Union Con Cristo

1115 Ridgewood Dr

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Iglesia Ministerio Restoracion Familia

1231 Dowdy Ferry Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Iglesia Nueva Canzion

8238 Elam Rd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Church

Independent Missionary Baptist Church

6800 Bexar St

Dallas 75215 NCTCOG

Church

Lords Missionary Baptist Church

6722 Bexar St

Dallas 75215 NCTCOG

Church

Miracle Deliverance

7117 Tillman St

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Morning Star Baptist Church

2662 Anderson St

Dallas 75215 NCTCOG

Church

Mosley Chapel Church

2246 Anderson St

Dallas 75215 NCTCOG

Church

Mount Elam Missionary Baptist Church

4646 Burma Rd

Dallas 75216 NCTCOG

Church

Mount Pisgah Baptist Church

6335 Elam Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Mount Sinai Baptist Church

6819 Lake June Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

New Creations Church

210 N Prairie Creek Rd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Church

New Zion Baptist Church

7814 Hull Ave

Dallas 75216 NCTCOG

Church

Newman Park Christian Center

7922 Fairport Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Our Savior Episcopal Church

1616 N Jim Miller Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Peace Of God Missionary Baptist

4803 Zealand St

Dallas 75216 NCTCOG

Church

Pleasant Grove Christian Church

1324 Pleasant Dr

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Pleasant Grove Church-Christ

1407 Conner Dr

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Church

Pleasant Grove First Baptist Church

1401 S Buckner Blvd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

38

ZIP

Source

PEMBERTON HILL (continued) Type

Name

Address

City

Church

Prairie Creek Baptist Church

1013 Dowdy Ferry Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

ZIP

Source

Church

Primera Iglesia Bautista Alfa

603 Elsberry Ave

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Revelations Of Jesus Christ

7606 Elam Rd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Church

Shady Grove Primitive Baptist Church

4759 Yancy St

Dallas 75216 NCTCOG

Church

Solid Rock Missionary Baptist Church

6615 Elam Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Southern Hills Church Of Christ

6969 C F Hawn Freeway

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

St James AME Church

200 N Jim Miller Rd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Church

Strong Arms Church Of God In Christ

135 Pemberton Hill Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Templo La Hermosa Church

700 Jonelle Ave

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Umphress Road United Methodist Church

7224 Umphress Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Victory Temple Church Of God In Christ

7205 Tillman St

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Community Center

City Of Dallas Br Libraries

1125 S Buckner Blvd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Community Center

Pleasant Grove Library

7310 Lake June Rd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Community Center

Prairie Creek Library

9609 Lake June Rd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Community Center

Turner Courts Recreation Center

6508 Canaan St

Dallas 75215 NCTCOG

NTFB

Care Center Ministries

7912 Antoinette

Dallas 75217 NTFB

NTFB

Newman Park Christian Center

7922 Fairport Rd.

Dallas 75217 NTFB

NTFB

Pleasant Grove Food Pantry

1331 Baywood Street

Dallas 75217 NTFB

NTFB

Way Of Truth

845 S. Buckner Blvd

Dallas 75217 NTFB

Other

Fwm Learning Center

559 Ezekial Ave

Dallas

bcW

SOUTHWEST PLEASANT GROVE Type

Name

Address

City

Agency

AMVETS Department Of Texas

928 S Buckner Blvd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Zip

Source

Agency

Lift For Life Outreach

230 Turin Dr

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Agency

Omega Iglesia Bautista

342 Freddie St

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Agency

Pleasant Grove Senior Citizens

7224 Umphress Rd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Assisted Living

Umphress Terrace

7242 Umphress Rd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Child Care

Diane Jernigan

8320 Foxwood Ln

Dallas 75217 TXDFPS

Child Care

Florence Parker

556 Blueberry Blvd

Dallas 75217 TXDFPS

Child Care

G & J Learning Center

1111 N Jim Miller Rd

Dallas 75217 TXDFPS

Child Care

Kingdom Kids Child Placing

9709 C F Hawn Fwy

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Child Care

Kingdom Kids Development Center

845 S Buckner Blvd

Dallas 75217 TXDFPS

Child Care

Lake June Head Start

9030 Lake June Rd

Dallas 75217 TXDFPS

Child Care

Little Creations Learning Center

210 N Prairie Creek Rd

Dallas 75217 TXDFPS

Child Care

Little Lucys Day Care

1314 Lonsdale Ave

Dallas 75217 TXDFPS

Child Care

Little Steps Learning Center #2

7121 Lake June Rd

Dallas 75217 TXDFPS

Child Care

Mary Marshall

8641 Comer Dr

Dallas 75217 TXDFPS

Child Care

Reidâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Creative Academy

6969 C F Hawn Fwy

Dallas 75217 TXDFPS 39

SOUTHWEST PLEASANT GROVE (continued) Type

Name

Address

City

Child Care

Riding Rainbows CDC Inc

1132 S Buckner Blvd

Dallas 75217

TXDFPS

Child Care

Romekias Little Goodies Resource Learning Center

1236 N Jim Miller Rd

Dallas 75217

TXDFPS

Child Care

Scribbles Learning Center Inc

8025 Umphress Rd

Dallas 75217

TXDFPS

Child Care

Smile of a Child Learning Center

8817 Lake June Rd

Dallas 75217

TXDFPS

Child Care

Stepping Stones Early CDC Inc

8315 Lake June Rd

Dallas 75217

TXDFPS

Child Care

Tanisha Yates

6439 Seco Blvd

Dallas 75217

TXDFPS

Child Care

Willie F Cornelius Montessori Academy

6819 Lake June Rd

Dallas 75217

TXDFPS

Church

Apostolic Assembly Church

1106 Pemberton Hill Rd

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Believers International Mnstrs

6606 Great Trinity Forest Way

Dallas 75217

Reference USA

Church

Believers Missionary Bapt Chr

7406 Elam Rd

Dallas 75217

Reference USA

Church

Bethel Motors

7312 C F Hawn Fwy

Dallas 75217

Reference USA

Church

Cathedral Of Faith Baptist Church

6901 Great Trinity Forest Way

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Church Of Christ Of Pemberton Hill

320 Pemberton Hill Rd

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Church Of The Living God

7115 Elam Rd

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Church On The Way

754 Elsberry Ave

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Church Where Jesus Is Lord

700 Elwayne Ave

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Compassionate Community Church

7103 Rosemont Rd

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Cristo LA Roca

8003 Lake June Rd

Dallas 75217

Reference USA

Church

Cross Of Christ Baptist

602 N Jim Miller Rd

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Dallas Spanish Pleasant Grove Seventh Day Adventist

7927 Rosemont

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Day Spring Pentecostal Church

817 Holcomb Rd

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Emmanuel Fellowship Baptist Church

400 N Prairie Creek Rd

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Faith Kingdom Church Of God

6916 Lake June Rd

Dallas 75217

Reference USA

Church

Goodwill Baptist Church

516 N Jim Miller Rd

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Hawn Freeway Church Of Christ

7605 C F Hawn Fwy

Dallas 75217

Reference USA

Church

House Of Prayer

7004 Carter Rd

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Iglesia Avivamiento Cristiano

7550 Texas 12 Loop

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Iglesia Bautista Betania Church

7530 C F Hawn Fwy

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Iglesia Bautista Union Con Cristo

1115 Ridgewood Dr

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Iglesia Nueva Canzion

8238 Elam Rd

Dallas 75217

Reference USA

Church

Miracle Deliverance

7117 Tillman St

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Mount Pisgah Baptist Church

6335 Elam Rd

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Mount Sinai Baptist Church

6819 Lake June Rd

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

New Covenant Missionary Baptist Church

918 Holcomb Rd

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

New Creations Church

210 N Prairie Creek Rd

Dallas 75217

Reference USA

Church

New Millennium Bible Fellowship Praise Center 9026 Elam Rd

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Our Savior Episcopal Church

1616 N Jim Miller Rd

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Pleasant Grove Christian Church

1324 Pleasant Dr

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

Church

Pleasant Grove Church-Christ

1407 Conner Dr

Dallas 75217

Reference USA

Church

Pleasant Grove First Baptist Church

1401 S Buckner Blvd

Dallas 75217

NCTCOG

40

Zip

Source

SOUTHWEST PLEASANT GROVE (continued) Type

Name

Address

City

Zip

Church

Primera Iglesia Bautista Alfa

603 Elsberry Ave

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Rehoboth Deliverance Temple Of The Holy Spirit 1516 N Prairie Creek Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Revelations Of Jesus Christ

7606 Elam Rd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Church

Solid Rock Missionary Baptist Church

6615 Elam Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Southern Hills Church Of Christ

6969 C F Hawn Freeway

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

St James AME Church

200 N Jim Miller Rd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Church

Star Of Bethlehem Baptist Church

8702 Eden Valley Ln

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Strong Arms Church Of God In Christ

135 Pemberton Hill Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Templo La Hermosa Church

700 Jonelle Ave

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Umphress Road United Methodist Church

7224 Umphress Rd

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Victory Temple Church Of God In Christ

7205 Tillman St

Dallas 75217 NCTCOG

Church

Way Of Truth

845 S Buckner Blvd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Church

Wings-Deliverance Tabernacle

512 Holcomb Rd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Community Center City Of Dallas Br Libraries

1125 S Buckner Blvd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Community Center Pleasant Grove Library

7310 Lake June Rd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

Community Center Prairie Creek Library

9609 Lake June Rd

Dallas 75217 Reference USA

NTFB

Care Center Ministries

7912 Antoinette

Dallas 75217 NTFB

NTFB

Pleasant Grove Food Pantry

1331 Baywood Street

Dallas 75217 NTFB

NTFB

Way Of Truth

845 S. Buckner Blvd

Dallas 75217 NTFB

Other Pantry

Fwm Learning Center

559 Ezekial Ave

Dallas 75217 bcW

Source

41

ENDNOTES (in progress) [1] Crossroads Community Services. 2014.

[2] North Texas Food Bank Hunger Center.

[3] ibid [4] Crossroads Community Services. 2014.

[5] Data provided by CCS staff and analyzed by bcWORKSHOP. [6] ibid [7] Povich, D., B. Roberts, and M. Mather. 2013. Low-Income Working Mothers and State Policy. Investing for a Better Economic Future. The Working Poor Families Project, Policy Brief.

[8]Crossroads Community Services. 2014.

[9] U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2008 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2012 5 Year Estimates.

[10] ibid [11] Crossroads Community Services. 2014.

[12] U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2008 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2012 5 Year Estimates.

[13] Crossroads Community Services. 2014.

[14] ibid [15] On average, each meal delivered to CCS clients is 1.2 lbs. Using this weight, the number of meals delivered to each client, and the number of clients, the total weight of food distributed to the CDPs was estimated on a monthly and yearly basis.

[16] Feeding America. 2014. Map the Meal Gap: Highlights of Findings for Overall and Child Food Insecurity.

[17] United States Department of Agriculture. 2014. Definitions of Food Insecurity. Accessed from: http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/ food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/definitions-of-food-security.aspx.

[18] UUnited States Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2013. Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2012 - 2013.

[19] Feeding America. 2014. Map the Meal Gap: Highlights of Findings for Overall and Child Food Insecurity.

[20] ibid [21] Walker, R. E., C. R. Keane, and J. G. Burke. 2010. Disparities and Access to Healthy Food in the United States: A Review of Food Deserts Literature. Health and Place 16(5): 876 - 884.

[22] Coleman-Jensen, A., C. Gregory, and A. Singh. 2014. Household Food Security in the United States in 2013. United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Economic Research Report 173.

[23] Feeding America. 2014. Map the Meal Gap: Highlights of Findings for Overall and Child Food Insecurity.

[24] Sparks, C. S. 2012. Food Security Assessment for San Antonio, Texas.

[25] Walker, R. E., C. R. Keane, and J. G. Burke. 2010. Disparities and Access to Healthy Food in the United States: A Review of Food Deserts Literature. Health and Place 16(5): 876 - 884.

[26] Feeding America. 2014. Map the Meal Gap: Highlights of Findings for Overall and Child Food Insecurity.

[27] USDA. 2014. http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/definitions-of-food-security. aspx [28] Coleman-Jensen, A., C. Gregory, and A. Singh. 2014. Household Food Security in the United States in 2013. United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Economic Research Report 173.

[29] ibid [30] Feeding America. 2014. Map the Meal Gap: Highlights of Findings for Overall and Child Food Insecurity.

42

[31] Sparks, C. S. 2012. Food Security Assessment for San Antonio, Texas.

[32] United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2013. Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2012 - 2013.

[33] Coleman-Jensen, A., C. Gregory, and A. Singh. 2014. Household Food Security in the United States in 2013. United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Economic Research Report 173.

[34] Regan, A. 2013. Assessing the Role of Smaller Format Retailers on the Food Desert Landscape in Dallas, Texas. University of North Texas: Masters Thesis.

[35] Rose, D., J. N. Bodor, C. M. Swalm, J. C. Rice, T. A. Farley, and P. L. Hutchinson. 2009. Deserts in New Orleans? Illustrations of Urban Food Access and Implications for Policy. Paper Prepared for University of Michigan National Poverty Center and USDA Economic Research Service Research “Understanding the Economic Concepts and Characteristics of Food Access.”

[36] Joassart-Marcelli, P., F. J. Bosco, and E. Delgado. 2014. Southeastern San Diego’s Landscape: Challenges and Opportunities.

Policy Report. San Diego, CA: Department of Geography, San Diego State University and Project New Village. Available at: htpp:// geography.sdsu.edu/Research/Projects/FEP. [37] United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2013. Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2012 - 2013.

[38] Coefficients and a county-specific error term were used to estimate food insecurity at the census tract level using data from the 2012 5YR ACS. [39] U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2008 – 2012 5 Year Estimates.

[40] ibid [41] Grocery store and supermarket list compiled by bcWORKSHOP. [42] 1-mile and 3-mile service areas were generated for each location using ESRI, Inc. ArcGIS Network Analyst. Service areas were then weighted by distance from store and summed to come up with an accessibility score for the entire county.

[43] Food pantry locations for CCS and NTFB pantries were provided the respective organizations, and other food pantry locations were compiled by bcWORKSHOP. [44] 1-mile and 3-mile service areas were generated for each location using ESRI, Inc. ArcGIS Network Analyst. Service areas were then weighted by distance from store and summed to come up with an accessibility score for the entire county.

[45] ESRI. 2014. “Median Household Income, 2014 and 2019.” Community Analyst.

[46] North Central Texas Council of Governments. 2014. Regional Data Center. http://rdc.nctcog.org/index.aspx [47] Texas Department of Family and Protective Services. 2014. http://www.dfps.state.tx.us/Child_Care/Information_for_Providers/ faqs.asp [48] Reference USA. 2014. Accessed through the Dallas Public Library.

[49] U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2008 – 2012 5 Year Estimates.

[50] ibid [51] ibid [52] ibid [53] ibid [54] Berg, N. and J. Murdoch. 2007. Access to Grocery Stores and Food Security in Dallas. University of Texas at Dallas Center for Urban Economics.

[55] Regan, A. 2013. Assessing the Role of Smaller Format Retailers on the Food Desert Landscape in Dallas, Texas. University of North Texas: Masters Thesis.

43

44