Water Report 2011 by Bermuda Sun Ltd

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It s important to conserve as much water as we can to help sustain our water supply. M O R E

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MAY 11, 2011

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PAGE 1

Water shortage becoming a real concern BY B. CANDACE RAY bcray@bermudasun.bm

Water lubricates life. Cells die without it. Crops fail. Forests burn. The planet dries. Understanding sustainability, determination to invoke it and conservation will help preserve the water we do have and impact research into how we can perpetuate its supply. Bermuda’s rainfall on May 2 measured seven inches below the island’s yearto-date normal precipitation. That the worrying trend will not continue is every Bermudian’s desire as they see the freshwater in their tanks dwindle. Yellowing grass and brittle foliage is as unhealthy as it is unattractive. Sustainability is not just about capturing that precious resource, but also about how we care for the vessels responsible for the catching and holding. In its

2011 Water Report, the Bermuda Sun presents a variety of perspectives on the subject that we hope will interest and inspire readers to conserve and preserve their personal supplies. Government water testing is highlighted with the help of David Kendell, chief environmental health officer. How does the testing work? When is it done? What does the Department of Health look for? How do you respond to its findings? The radioactive fallout from Japan’s nuclear reactors is discussed as to whether it presents a danger to Bermuda’s freshwater drinking supplies. The roof is the first point of rainwater contact. When was its surface last cleaned and repainted? Were gutters and downpipes checked for debris and pineapples restored? Has the tank been inspected, repairs completed, water tested and/or

replaced? This article, assisted by Water Now, provides hints and provokes thought in the concerned reader. Susan Behrens, senior architect at OBMI, offers a look at water system designs. She discusses how tank capacity reflects roof area and how and why kitchen, bath and plumbing, generally, are sited where they are. Readers will find Chris Merritt’s two articles of value. The general manager of ClearWater Systems Ltd., Mr Merritt notes in his first article the irony of water surrounding the island and likens the scarcity of supply in Bermuda’s freshwater lenses to the global shortages of which we’ve all read. Mr Merritt’s second article speaks to the management of water supplies in terms of an increasing and thirsty population and with regard to the water

required for manufacturing and production. He delves into the ‘R’ words — reducing, reusing and recycling — and doesn’t apologize for repeating what countless others have. From the vantage point of a functioning tourist property, Dave Packer, director of facility operations at the Fairmont Southampton, describes the hotel’s reverse osmosis plant and how seawater is made fresh for drinking. He notes, too, how the hotel’s wastewater treatment plant reclaims water for irrigation purposes. Bermuda Waterworks Limited relays the history of piped water in Bermuda and how reverse osmosis, desalination and bottled water evolved to increase the supply available to the island’s residents. Sustainability is not just about capturing water. It’s about understanding this precious resource and guarding its purity. ■

Inside this supplement Testing tank water for contaminants Pages 2-3 Does air quality equal water quality? Page 4 Japan’s nuclear fallout: are we affected? Page 5 How to maintain a clean water supply Pages 6-7 Design solutions help conservation Pages 8-9 Water treatment conserves resource Pages 10-11 Worrying signs for world water supplies Page 12 How pure is ‘purified’ bottled water? Page 13

Bermuda Sun 19 Elliott Street, Hamilton, Bermuda HM 10 Tel 295-3902 Fax 292-5597 E-mail feedback@bermudasun.bm This special supplement is produced and published by Bermuda Sun Limited and printed in Bermuda by Island Press Limited.

Publisher Randy French President Lisa Beauchamp Editorial B. Candace Ray Layout Jack Garstang Advertising Sales Carlita Burgess (Deputy Advertising Manager), Olga French, Diane Gilbert, Claire James Creative Services Gerri Saltus, Christina White, Colby Medeiros, Shay Ford Circulation & Distribution Nick Tavares

Major hotel keeps the water running Page 14 Zero-calorie water set to make a splash Page 15 Piped water project expands westward Page 16

The Bermuda Sun publishes twice weekly and is a subsidiary of MediaHouse Limited. We are members of the Inland Press Association, International Newspaper Marketing Association and the Newspaper Association of America. We are located at: 19 Elliott Street, Hamilton HM 10; P.O. Box HM 1241, Hamilton HM FX Tel: 295-3902 Fax: 292-5597. Visit our website: www.bermudasun.bm

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THE BERMUDA SUN

Have your tank water tested to be sure BY B. CANDACE RAY bcray@bermudasun.bm

Fresh water is everyone’s concern. The drinkability of your roof catch is not something you can see. And unless tank water has stagnated, neither is it something you can smell. The Department of Health provides a residential water testing service through its Environmental Health section, the programme which George Simons, senior environmental health officer, directs. Although temporarily suspended in November when the old hospital building and public health laboratory therein were demolished, the programme is to resume sometime in May, according to David Kendell, chief environmental health officer. The public will be advised once the facility reopens in its new site and the water sampling service has been restored. At that time, householders can arrange for an environmental health officer to take a sample, or they can stop by the lab for a 100ml sterilized container with which they can collect their own. A $20 charge attaches to this formerly free service — whether or not a collector comes to your home. According to Mr Kendell, the water testing fee, which will be waived for senior citizens, will help cover the cost of officer collection time, lab agent labour, analysis and follow-ups. He advised: “Water needs

DAVID KENDELL, chief environmental health officer. to be sampled Monday to Wednesday, so that the samples can be cultured in the lab, analysis completed and results determined and communicated before the end of the week. Samples cannot be accepted on Thursdays or Fridays.” Contrary to popular belief, the water to be tested is not drawn from the tank. Mr Kendell said: “It can be, but the tank is a dirtier area and sometimes a pole is needed and more handling is required. There is therefore a greater risk of contamination of the sample.” “The kitchen tap is the water typically used for drinking and for production of food. This is the water that will have to meet our standards.” The faucet is first flushed to eliminate any stagnation of the water in the pipes. As

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WATER TESTING: Andrew Kennedy, environmental health officer, works to assist the public in diagnosing their water problems and recommending solutions to keep their drinking water safe and clean. this water would not be typical of the system and might give a false result in the lab, explained Mr Kendell. “The water undergoes chemical testing for hard-

ness, salinity and nitrates. For microbial testing, a process known as membrane filtration is used. “The filter paper captures any matter that was in the water sample. The filter

ClearWater 2011 Catalogue Page 5

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WATER REPORT: A SPECIAL ADVERTISING SUPPLEMENT

MAY 11, 2011 ■ 3

it is free of harmful contaminants paper is then exposed to nutrient media and incubated at human body temperature for one day. “Bacteria are then typed and counted. Particular types of bacteria of interest, the coliforms (rodshaped bacteria), are proxy indicators for gut pathogens. “Water that is satisfactory for drinking, and food production water must comply with our potable water standards.” According to the government website, www.water.gov.bm, water can be disinfected with onequarter cup of household bleach to every 1,000 gallons. The site gives the formula for figuring tank capacity in gallons as: tank length times tank width times tank depth times 6.25. Disinfection can be done every three months, according to Mr Kendell, and only to water in which the bottom of the tank is clearly visible. The chlorine will otherwise react with organic matter in the tank — leaves from overhanging trees, dust from the road, insects and so on — to produce toxic by-products dangerous to human health. Cloudy or foul-smelling water should be investigated immediately. Mr Kendell said: “It is preferred that a health officer visit the site to take the sample, to learn about the nature of the complaint and to advise the occupants and assure follow-up action.” The new facility for receipt of water samples will be located in the Metro Building at 6 Hermitage Road, Devonshire. For an appointment for an environmental health officer to collect a sample, wait for the announcement of the reopening and then call 278-5333. Your family’s health depends upon your not taking your tank water for granted. ■

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ERIC MARTIN, environmental health officer, collects a seawater sample to assess bathing water quality.

4 ■ MAY 11, 2011

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Does air quality equal water quality? BY HARRISON E.G.N. ISAAC, SR The quality of water in Bermuda’s residential water storage tanks is undeniably linked to the state of our air quality. With over 69,000 motorized vehicles registered on Bermuda’s roads, the impact has been recognized as being significant to the declining air quality. Motor vehicle, cruise ship and airplane emissions contain numerous toxic air pollutants such as benzene, diesel, and even formaldehyde (which is used in embalming). Gases produced as a result of electrical power generation and waste incineration at Tynes Bay Waste Treatment Facility and King Edward VII Memorial Hospital, may also contribute to the decline in the quality of air. In Bermuda, the concern over pollutants in the air is very high because rainwater is the main source of drinking water. Rain is collected directly from the rooftops, stored in underground concrete tanks and then, in most cases, consumed with no further filtration or purification. Owing to this fact, airborne gases will inevitably be introduced into our drinking water having the potential to cause neurological, cardiovascular, liver, kidney, and respiratory effects or effects on the immune and reproductive systems. Fecal matter from wildlife (bird droppings), plant

Bermuda Rainwater Management Solutions Ltd. (BRMS) For further information visit www.mybrms.com or feel free to contact BRMS at (441) 295-8473 or info@mybrms.com material (seeds, leaves and branches), and roofing materials (eroded cement and paint), also contribute to the microbiological quality of water in Bermuda’s domestic tanks. As these pollutants enter the tank, over time, a layer of sediment accumulates on the bottom of the tank. Unfortunately, due to traditional plumbing practices, this is also the area where we draw our everyday household water from in the tank. Bermuda Rainwater Management Solutions Ltd. (BRMS) has introduced a suite of “rainwater management products” intended to relieve many of these concerns. Our initial offering includes a trio of products: the WISY Floating Suction Filter, the WATTS Reverse Osmosis “Kwik” change RO-4 water purification system, and the Aquatel wireless water level indicators and controllers. A WISY Suction Fine Filter is absolutely essential for every water storage tank in Bermuda as it draws water from the cleanest area of the tank, 4 to 6 inches below the surface

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FILTERING: A WISY Suction Fine Filter draws water from the cleanest area of the tank, 4-6 inches below the surface level. level of the water. The WATTS “Kwik” Change RO4 removes odour and bad taste and is an under-counter, point-of-use purification system. The Aquatel products are completely wireless and easy to self-install with a couple of simple components: Display Unit and Tank Unit. The required water level is set using the Display Unit and the Tank Unit is mounted on the ceiling of the tank with two screws. A sound wave then

bounces off the water surface to detect the level and sends this to the Display Unit that could be conveniently located anywhere in the house. While scientist and consumers may not have the ultimate, workable solution for eradicating the emission of toxic gases and other pollutants, we can certainly all take responsibility for the quality of the water that we consume and the essential health and safety of our families. ■

ClearWater 2011 Catalogue Page 6

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WATER REPORT: A SPECIAL ADVERTISING SUPPLEMENT

MAY 11, 2011 ■ 5

Japan’s nuclear fallout: Are we affected? BY B. CANDACE RAY bcray@bermudasun.bm

Radiation from the failed Japanese nuclear reactors is on everyone’s mind. How much of a threat are drifting radioactive air particles to Bermuda’s rainwaterdependent tanks? Chief Environmental Health Officer, David Kendell researched these sources: Radiation Studies KENDELL Branch, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Coordinating Center for Environmental Health and Injury Prevention. The notes forwarded relate that Iodine-131 has been found in several US states in surface waters, such as reservoirs and rainwater. Mr Kendell, quoting from the studies, said: “The very low levels of radioactive material currently being measured in [US] surface water and rain water are far below those of public health concern … even for people who drink rainwater.” According to the material, switching to bottled water is unnecessary, and showering, bathing and swimming are also non-issues. He added that the studies stated: “Given the uncertainty related to the nuclear reactors in Japan, we don’t know how levels of radiation currently seen in surface water and rainwater will change in the immediate time period. However, we do know that Iodine-131 disappears relatively quickly in the environment.” Bermuda’s Chief Environmental Health Officer said: “The Department of Health is being advised by our own nuclear physicist, Dr Josip Nosil, and are seeking assis-

‘. . . switching to bottled water is unnecessary, and showering, bathing and swimming are also non-issues.’ tance with testing from BIOS. “Radioactive Iodine is pri-

marily an issue for residents of Japan. Iodine-131 from Japan takes at least

five-days to reach the west coast of North America. “I-131 has an eight-day half-life. So a significant fraction has already decayed and scattered before reaching our longitude.” “The Department of Health is continuing to monitor the situation and consult with radiation experts.” ■

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6 ■ MAY 11, 2011

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Essential advice on how to maintain BY B. CANDACE RAY bcray@bermudasun.bm

How much of a premium do you put on your family’s health? Fresh, clean, safe drinking water and the mechanisms by which you collect and save it should be your first concern. Darren De Silva, owner/operator of Water Now said: “From the roof to the tank — everything that it takes to ensure that the water quality is tested and safe [will respond to that concern].” Check your roof first. You don’t want to drink anything from a catchment that is less than pristine. If the white has greyed, watermarks are clearly visible, or soot outlines the slate, it’s time for a cleanup and recoating. Mr De Silva said: “It’s important that the roofs are clean and painted on a regular basis — the health department recommends every two years.” Start by collecting any debris around the pineapples and mopping up any standing water in the gutters. Leave the pineapples in place to block the downpipes and prevent paint, or anything else from contaminating your tank water. Mr De Silva cautioned: “Do not fall pray to the rag and beer bottle gutter blocking technique. Pineapples (or ‘pigs’) are an inexpensive investment that will last for years and save a far larger tank draining and cleaning bill.” Some people use brushes

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PEDRO GODDARD of Water Now prepares to clean a water tank. and muscle to clean their roofs, others use power washers. Sweep off the loose material, seal any cracks, bleach your roof,

apply coats of latex or traditional ‘powder’ paint according to that already on the roof and admire your work.

But don’t sit for too long. Now’s the time to check your water and ensure your tank is in good condition to hold the catch from that

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WATER REPORT: A SPECIAL ADVERTISING SUPPLEMENT

MAY 11, 2011 ■ 7

a clean and fresh water supply Water Now For more information log on to the Water Now website at www.waternow.bm, or call 504-5555. newly white roof. Mr De Silva said: “It’s not a bad idea to have your water tested annually. That’s what we recommend. For your family’s safety, $20 a year for government testing when the option becomes available again is not a bad idea and a cheap investment. At this time only private testing is available.” So you’ve already stopped roof paint from entering your downpipes. By staving off contamination from that quarter, you will not have to contend with the cloudy water and harsh taste that would have required you draining the tank and replenishing it with clean water. If your water smells like the sulphur springs you remember from a previous vacation — that rotten egglike scent, it’s a telltale sign that the water is stagnant and therefore lacks oxygen. The Water Now website advises: “If the tank is clean, aeration and chlorination are the recommended steps … If the tank has not been cleaned in the past five-years, or has a large build-up of sludge, it should be cleaned instead of aerated.” According to the website, Bermuda law stipulates that tanks must be cleaned every six years. Of course, any repairs missed earlier should also be attended to. If you’ve kept mosquitoes, frogs and birds out of your tank by screening all openings, you shouldn’t have critter contamination. But you may have rustcoloured water. Old galvanized pipes or galvanized pressure tanks still in use can cause this to occur. According to Water Now, replacing these with modern plumbing will add value to your older home and

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BUILD-UP: A bucket of the sludge that had accumulated in a water tank. provide you with peace of mind. Note, however, that high salt content can contami-

nate water to the degree that, as with paint contamination, the tank must be drained and refilled with

fresh water. Again water testing will tell you this. If after having your water tested, you determine that only chlorination and aeration are called for, you can observe the instructions for adding chlorine in our related article, and for aeration, those to follow from the Water Now website. It states: “The simplest way [to aerate your water] is to run your garden hose (being sure it is pressurized by the tank in question and not the well, for instance) up and into a drainpipe in the roof that leads to the tank. “Let this run a good few hours, or overnight if need be. If you have a small submersible pump, this is not a bad idea to use, as it saves wear and tear on your household water pump. “For larger tanks aeration using higher volume and/or truck pumps may be necessary.” So, how much of a premium do you put on your family’s health? Start with the mechanisms that keep your water fresh, clean, safe and drinkable. ■

8 ■ MAY 11, 2011

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THE BERMUDA SUN

New designs in water systems offer BY SUSAN BEHRENS Senior Architect OBMI

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GREEN ROOF: Bermuda roofs have been rain-harvesters for hundreds of years.

In Bermuda, you could say we sit on a gold mine — literally. With an estimated 1.1 billion people worldwide having inadequate access to drinkable water, the fact that we actually live above or alongside our fresh water storage is an enviable place to be. At a time when terms like ‘rainwater harvesting’ and ‘water footprint’ are taking their places alongside ‘going green’ and ‘carbon footprint’ in the lexicon of eco-phrases, we in Bermuda find ourselves on the cutting edge, at the forefront of the latest green innovations, just by carrying on as we have for hundreds of years. We have a unique opportunity to understand where our water supply comes from. We are captains of our own destinies in regard to the quality and quantity of water we consume. Rather than depending on a remote municipal water source, subject to unknown activities upstream, our water tanks are under our direct control and provide us with fresh drinking water daily, provided of course that we take responsibility for maintenance and monitor the water levels. The size of a residential water tank is based on the area of the dwelling’s roof, i.e. the catchment. The objective, by law, is to accommodate at least 80 per cent of the annual rainfall

on the roof and convey it by means of gutters or ‘glides’ to the water tank. In figuring the tank capacity, the area of the roof times eight determines the volume in imperial gallons that the tank should be designed to hold. The number of gallons divided by 6.25 gives the required minimum tank capacity (HxWxD) in cubic feet. The Department of Environmental Health checks these calculations during the planning application review process to confirm that the residence has provision for an adequate water supply and that the valuable rainwater resource is not wasted by undersized tank capacity. Products approved for potable water by Environmental Health must coat the water tank, as well as the roof. If building a new home, the water distribution system and fixture selection should capitalize on water conservation. An efficient plumbing layout minimizes travel distance through the piping to fixtures. Locating bathrooms in the same general vicinity and placing the laundry adjacent to, or in the kitchen allows for supply and drainpipes to be shared rather than replicated, lowering plumbing costs as well as water usage. Hot water supply piping over distance will displace water that has cooled standing in the pipes between

ClearWater 2011 Catalogue Page 12

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WATER REPORT: A SPECIAL ADVERTISING SUPPLEMENT

MAY 11, 2011 ■ 9

solutions to conserving supply uses. It may be cost-effective to install a small water heater near the end of the plumbing run or consider a waterless heater to provide hot water on demand. And while considering a layout, remember that for health reasons bathrooms and piping are not permitted over a water tank. As global concern for water supply grows, the plumbing industry has responded with design innovation. Many good choices are readily available now at competitive prices. Dualflush toilets use a fraction of what 10-year old toilets use. (For older toilets, place a plastic bottle filled with sand in the tank to reduce water used per flush.) Low-flow aerated faucets and showerheads reduce volume so that even if you forget to monitor your teenager’s shower time you may not have to panic (as much) about the toll on your water supply. Mixing air volume with water flow boosts pressure while conserving water. Similarly, bubble technology can provide that lovely relaxing massage feeling while removing some of the guilt of filling the tub. Save the water and pour it on your plants; they’ll appreciate it and besides, schlepping it out to the garden is a great arm-toning exercise! Water conservation comes naturally in Bermuda but sometimes we need reminders. Remember last summer when rain was scarce and households were on waiting lists for up to a week for water deliveries? Are you monitoring your water usage now in preparation for another possible summer of low rainfall? We can’t afford to be complacent; with a five-inch shortfall of rain to date for 2011, it is prudent to remember that water conservation is a way of life all year round not just in the hot summer months. ■

■ PHOTO SUPPLIED

CHRISTENING: Senior architect, Susan Behrens of OBMI prepares to do the honours at a roof wetting ceremony.

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10 ■ MAY 11, 2011

WATER REPORT: A SPECIAL ADVERTISING SUPPLEMENT

THE BERMUDA SUN

Water treatment helps manage resource BY CHRIS MERRITT

ClearWater Systems

The tag line of the UN’s World Water Day initiative this year is “Learn. Act. Share”. You’ve taken the first step of ‘learning’ by reading some or all of what’s been ‘shared’ in the 2011 Bermuda Sun Water Report. This ClearWater Systems article is part snapshot of island-specific water challenges, and part highlights of some recent, creative solutions from other locales. Margaret Catley-Carlson, a former senior official with both the Canadian Government and the United Nations, reminds us “water cannot be created, it can only be managed”. While we can’t control how much water is available to us, we can control how we use it on a global, corporate, governmental and personal level. You know the challenges we’re up against in Bermuda — 65,000 residents in our 21 square miles. And that’s not counting our thirsty, transient tourist population. Being surrounded completely by water, we understand the irony of “water, water everywhere, nor any a drop to drink” all too well. It is not only pollution that affects the scarce ‘fresh’ water in Bermuda’s lens, but the natural environment and the salt water that encompasses the island. Seawater ebbs and flows its way into the lens while heavy rain and easily erod-

For more information about ClearWater Systems, or to book a free water quality evaluation by Bermuda’s only Water Quality Association member company, please give Ryon Outerbridge or Chris Merritt a call on 236-3388 or pop by 10 Harvey Road in Paget. ed soil reduces the underground water storage area. Your roof is an easily managed part of your relationship with water. By having it professionally cleaned and by having your tank waterproofed, to keep the water in and contaminants out, you can provide yourself and your family with clean drinking water and peace of mind. Bermuda is not the only country facing water scarcity and contamination. Jurisdictions all over the globe are taking action to mitigate the crisis at many levels. In and around the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan, the water contamination has surpassed crisis levels. To help combat the problem, Spain is planning to ship two solar-powered water purification systems that use reverse osmosis to clear radiation from drinking water to help the people in surrounding villages. In arid countries, doing business that doesn’t drain the water supply makes sense and cents. In the dry state of Rajasthan in India,

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AVAILABILITY: Graph depicts depleting water supplies per capita in Africa. farmers are choosing to grow olive trees instead of crops like wheat and maize that require more water to grow. Growing olives leaves more water in the ground for the residents to drink and allows farmers to make more money than they

would from thirstier crops. The Mediterranean island of Malta is officially known to be one of the three most water scarce member states in the European Union. To improve the management of water in the country, the Maltese government intends to regulate what

THE BERMUDA SUN

was once a “free for all” policy in managing the consumption of ground water. At a personal level, Canadian Kevin Freedman celebrated World Water Day this year by cooking, washing and drinking with only a fraction of the amount of water consumed by the average North American. For the month of March he used only 25 litres of water per day instead of the continental average of 330 litres. Now that you’ve hopefully learned a little, according to this year’s World Water Day initiative, it’s time to act. You can start by choosing one thing you can do to better manage your water use. Exploring some of ClearWater’s treatment options is one way you can ensure that your drinking

WATER REPORT: A SPECIAL ADVERTISING SUPPLEMENT water is as safe as it can be. ClearWater Systems has been Bermuda’s source for water treatment information, equipment and service since 1997. We’re working hard to keep our customers up to date, keep their water safe to drink and help them reduce costs, waste and their effect upon our fragile environment. We’ve recently introduced zero-waste under-counter filtration systems, solarpowered treatment and desalination equipment and ‘green’ wastewater treatment systems for food service operations that don’t require the use of harsh chemicals. ■

CHRIS MERRITT is general manager of ClearWater Systems Ltd.

MAY 11, 2011 ■ 11

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SOLAR BRACKISH SYSTEM: Spain is planning to ship two solar-powered water purification systems that use reverse osmosis to clear radiation from drinking water near the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan.

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Worrying signs for world water supplies BY CHRIS MERRITT The UN predicts that by the year 2050 one in four people will live in a country where fresh drinking water is in short supply. To avert this catastrophe, individuals, businesses and governments must take charge of their use of this dwindling resource. According to the World Water Vision Report: “While the world’s population tripled in the 20th century, the use of renewable water resources has grown sixfold. “Within the next 50 years, the world population will increase by another 40 to 50 per cent. This population growth — coupled with industrialization and urbanization — will result in an increasing demand for water and will have serious consequences on the environment.” It’s not news that water is already scarce in Bermuda and in many other parts of the world. And it will get worse without intervention. Individual water use is a drop in the bucket compared to the rivers of ‘virtual water’ flowing around the globe. The price of producing anything includes the ‘cost’ of a certain amount of water. It is easiest to imagine the concept of ‘virtual water’ developed by John Anthony Allan in terms of food production: it takes water to grow crops. For example: “it takes 1,000 cubic metres of water to grow a ton of grain”, according to Mr

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CLEARWATER System's Zero Waste Under Counter Filtration.

ClearWater Systems For more information about ClearWater Systems, or to book a free water quality evaluation please give Ryon Outerbridge or Chris Merritt a call on 236-3388 or pop by 10 Harvey Road in Paget. Allan. He added: “More water ‘flows’ into the Middle East each year as ‘virtual water’ than flows down the Nile into Egypt for agriculture”. So it makes economic sense to use the water we have for its most fundamental purpose, to quench thirst. You can also have an impact on your consumption of ‘virtual water’. Reduce what you buy. Reuse

what you can and recycle by participating in local initiatives like Bermuda's first ever e-waste recycling day held this March at Tynes Bay. With water in increasingly short supply, you have to make the best with what you have. Bermuda’s own ClearWater Systems offers solutions to fit your lifestyle that are more convenient and cost effective than lugging and storing water bottles. ClearWater's water treatment experts can give you a free water quality evaluation and recommend a solution that best suits your needs. ClearWater’s point of use reverse osmosis systems fit conveniently under your sink — wasting little or no

water while providing you with water that’s as safe or safer than what you'll find in commercially produced bottled water. Their almost-magic ‘Water from Air’ appliances extract the moisture from the air and remove 95 per cent of its impurities — presto — clean drinking water. How’s that for using what's freely available? As for reusing and recycling, seriously, kick that bottle. Choose reusable bottles. You’ll save literally hundreds of dollars by not buying bottled water on a regular basis and fresh, clean, clear water will always be right at your fingertips. Throwing out water bottles not only costs you money but also taxes the environment. ClearWater Systems has been Bermuda’s source for water treatment information, equipment and service since 1997. We’re working hard to keep our customers up to date, keep their water safe to drink and help them reduce costs, waste and their affect upon our fragile environment. We’ve recently introduced zero-waste under-counter filtration systems, solarpowered treatment and desalination equipment and ‘green’ wastewater treatment systems for foodservice operations that don’t require the use of harsh chemicals. ■ CHRIS MERRITT is general manager, ClearWater Systems Ltd.

ProBac CContinuous ProBac onttinnuouss RRelease elease Technology Technology w works orrks around around the the cclock, lock, sseven even d days ays a week week for fo or your your foodservice, foodser vice, hospitality hospitalit y drain or institutional institutional ffacility acilit y kkeeping eeping d rain llines ines cclean lean aand nd cclear lear aand nd creating creating a bu buildup-free ildup-free e environment. nvironment. G Good ood ffor or B Bermuda’s ermuda’s en environment. vironment. G Good ood for for your your foodservice foodser vice operation. operation. G Good ood ffor or your your bottom bottom line. line. ClearWater 2011 Catalogue Page 8

CClearWater learWater SSystems ystems 10 Harveyy Road,, Paget g 236.3388 se service@clearwatersystems.bm rvice@clearwatersystems.bm www.clearwatersystems.bm www.clearwatersys y tems.bm

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MAY 11, 2011 ■ 13

How pure is ‘purified’ bottled water? COPY SUPPLIED BY DUNKLEYS

How pure is pure? Aquafina is purified through a rigorous, sevenstep process called HydRO-7. A state-of-the-art process that includes reverse osmosis and other filtering and purification methods. It removes things like chlorides, salts and other substances that can affect a water's taste. While other brands of bottled water may also have similar purification steps such as reverse osmosis and ozonation, Aquafina's extensive purification system involves seven separate steps that together work to deliver pure Aquafina. Aquafina has invested hundreds of millions of dollars in purification processes and exceeds purity standards set by the US federal government. Aquafina's purification system is designed to remove trace compounds like carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides, sulphates, phosphates, nitrates, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron and manganese. These compounds are also referred to as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). While some of these compounds, like calcium and potassium, are necessary for your body, their minute levels in most bottled waters have no impact on health. Therefore these compounds are removed in order to deliver a more pure water.

Spring and purified water One of the most common questions from consumers is regarding the difference between spring water and purified water. Spring water is derived from an underground formation from which water flows to the earth’s surface. While spring waters are treated to remove bacteria and possible contaminants, most spring waters retain

many of the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), trace compounds and other substances found in the water. TDS is the sum of all solids dissolved in water measured in parts per million (ppm).

Dissolved solids Examples of substances that can account for TDS include carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides, sulphates, phosphates, nitrates, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, manganese, and a few others. A TDS metre is used to provide a reading of the dissolved solids in water. The US Food and Drug Administration guidelines require that bottled water, excluding mineral water, contain no more than 500 ppm TDS. For a bottled water to be

labelled ‘purified’, it must have TDS of no more than 10 ppm. Aquafina's average TDS reading is 4 — that’s 2.5 times lower than FDA standards. So what about substances like bacteria, gaseous compounds and even pharmaceuticals? Aquafina’s state-of-the-art HydRO-7 purification system is designed to remove dissolved solids and organic compounds that may be present in the water. The reverse osmosis process used removes these organic compounds, but additional steps such as carbon filtration, ozonation, and ultra violet (UV) light are employed as safeguards. Each of these steps — even individually — is designed to remove manufactured molecules such as pharmaceuticals, as well as

naturally occurring substances such as heavy metals. When these steps are used together, as they are in our proprietary RO-7 process, they further ensure the purity of Aquafina.

Verification The Aquafina purification process uses the best technology available to purify water. It is an accredited and validated process that meets or exceeds government standards and has been verified by independent experts. In today’s market we are inundated with water choices. How does one choose which water to buy? For most consumers the requirement is simple … great taste and purity, Aquafina. ■

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14 ■ MAY 11, 2011

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Major hotel keeps the water running BY DAVE PACKER Water is the lifeblood of a hotel. It’s on your table with your meal, it runs from every sink and flushes every toilet, it’s in the pool and it irrigates the golf course to keep it lush and beautiful. Bermuda relies on rainwater, which makes it an even more precious commodity. To meet its guests’ needs for water, The Fairmont Southampton uses a combination of practices including rainwater collection, reverse osmosis and a variety of conservation methods. At peak occupancy, the hotel uses as much as 300,000 gallons of water a day. Collecting rainwater would not be enough and to purchase the extra water needed wouldn’t be economically feasible. So The Fairmont Southampton has been making its own water for years using Bermuda’s endless supply of sea water. With its reverse osmosis plant, The Fairmont Southampton takes advantage of this bounty. Reverse osmosis is a water treatment process in which water is forced through a semi-permeable membrane that has very small holes or ‘pores’. Clean water passes through and impurities that are too big to pass through the membrane are left behind and flushed away. In the case of the reverse osmosis plant at The

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REVERSE OSMOSIS: The Fairmont Southampton’s reverse osmosis plant plant makes 150,000 gallons of water per day which covers the hotel’s needs except irrigation. Fairmont Southampton, salt water is extracted from the ground and forced through the filter-like membrane thus producing saltfree, mineral-free water. The water is then chlorinated to mitigate any bacteria, put into a storage tank, and then used by the hotel. The plant makes 150,000 gallons of water per day that gets stored in the tank which is divided into three parts: one third is for the hotel’s fire system and the other two thirds provide water for everything at the hotel, except the golf course. In addition to making water at the reverse osmosis plant, The Fairmont

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Southampton also conserves water by re-using it. The hotel runs its own wastewater treatment plant to which all the wastewater from the hotel goes, gets treated and is then pumped to the golf course lagoon. This in turn provides reclaimed water for irrigating the course, gardens and hotel grounds. Additionally, throughout the golf course are underground drainage lines, designed to return any excess rainwater or irrigation back to the lagoon for re-use. In another effort to conserve water, the hotel spent $1.5 million upgrading its laundry facility. This has produced a

dramatic savings in water usage and significantly reduced its power requirements. The 900-lb laundry washers are set up so that the water from the third rinse cycle is reclaimed, becoming the first soak for the next load thereby cutting down on water consumption. Within the hotel, The Fairmont Southampton also employs a variety of environmental management processes. Guests have the option of not having their sheets or towels refreshed daily through the hotel’s re-use programme. In the restaurants, The Fairmont Southampton uses Natura Water, the only water purification system of its kind that provides chilled sparkling and still water. Natura provides glass bottles that are designed to be washed and re-used, which cuts down on the use of plastic bottled water while maintaining the highest level of taste. As technology continues to evolve, The Fairmont Southampton remains committed to finding new ways to conserve water and make the most of natural resources. The reverse osmosis plant is an important step toward keeping the hotel’s water running for years to come. ■ DAVE PACKER is director of facility operations at The Fairmont Southampton.

ClearWater 2011 Catalogue Page 10

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WATER REPORT: A SPECIAL ADVERTISING SUPPLEMENT

MAY 11, 2011 ■ 15

Zero-calorie water set to make a splash COPY SUPPLIED BY DUNKLEYS Propel Zero is making a big splash in 2011 as the brand rolls out its new zerocalorie water with the same great taste consumers know and love. The clear, clean taste of Propel Zero has absolutely zero calories, no artificial flavours and no heavy sweeteners to weigh your body down. New Propel Zero is the light and flavourful way for active men and women to replenish (vitamins C and E), energize (B vitamins) and protect their bodies (antioxidants). Who better to represent the brand than super fit super model Cindy Crawford? Ms Crawford discusses why she’s the face of Propel Zero in North America: “It’s so important to take care of yourself so you can take of everything else. “We all live such full, active lives — taking care of our families, going to work, staying fit by going on long walks and playing with our kids — and I love that Propel Zero keeps me hydrated and replenished, energized with vitamins and protected with antioxidants. “And, without a single calorie. Propel Zero fits my lifestyle beautifully.” Ms Crawford talks about why it’s important to drink water and stay hydrated: “Water makes up most of our total body weight, around 50 to 60 per cent, so it’s vital we keep hydrated. “This doesn't mean only drinking water when we’re thirsty, because by the time we’re thirsty we’re already dehydrated. “Not only do I love drinking water, I love drinking water that’s enhanced with vitamins and antioxidants and tastes great.” Propel Zero is the zerocalorie, nutrient-enhanced water that replenishes (with Vitamins C and E), energizes (with B Vitamins) and protects (with antioxi-

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CINDY’S DRINK: Super fit super model Cindy Crawford drinks Propel Zero. dants). Propel Zero comes in seven ready-to-drink flavours: berry, grape, black

cherry, lemon, blueberry pomegranate, kiwi-strawberry and peach. ■

For more information about new Propel® Zero, visit Propel® Zero.com

16 ■ MAY 11, 2011

WATER REPORT: A SPECIAL ADVERTISING SUPPLEMENT

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Piped water project expands westward SUBMITTED BY BERMUDA WATERWORKS LIMITED As summer approaches, the demand for water increases and its impact on our daily life becomes important again. Bermuda Waterworks is a leading provider of bottled water and utility grade drinking water. Daily we supply water to homes, businesses, hotels, cruise ships and the occasional ship or resident requiring water for specialized equipment. In Bermuda, water is a valued resource. In the absence of natural rivers, the settlers constructed tanks for water catchment and storage. It is a practice that is carried out to this day. Necessity was the mother of invention for our forefathers and they excelled in their ingenuity. Early in our company’s history, brackish water was the order of the day. Several decades later we are using advanced reverse osmosis and desalination techniques to extract and treat our source water. Approximately two-thirds of our piped water comes from treated seawater. The remaining one-third comes from desalting brackish ground water extracted from the underground lens. The abundance of seawater has made reverse osmosis a natural fit for the company’s operations. The utility water supply is chlorinated after rigorous treatment so that it meets local and international quality standards. In 2010 Bermuda Waterworks entered into an agreement with the Bermuda Government to expand its distribution to the western part of the island. This project is expected to take five-years and will be completed in several phases. The expansion will result in the laying of pipes into Somerset. The first phase to

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REUSABLE BOTTLES: Bermuda Waterworks bottling machine in action. Spring Benny Road has been completed and clients are already benefitting from the new water service. The project will restart in October. This phase will extend the pipeline to Somerset Bridge. This joint partnership will help to alleviate the temporary crisis that can result from a long spell of dry weather. The cost of the company’s piped water is quite competitive. A truckload of water now costs $80 on average and holds 1,000 US. gallons. Bermuda Waterworks’ base rate is $23.62 once the early payment discount is applied. This entitles the customer to 1,000 Imperial gallons of water (1,000 Imperial gallons equals 1,200 US gallons). In these changing economic times, not having a utility connection in an area that we serve is an unnecessary expense on the household budget.

Bottled water The company also manufactures bottled water under the Pure Water brand. It is packaged in three and five-gallon containers. Bottled water is a healthy, convenient, food product that residents use because of its refreshing taste and it is a good way to stay hydrated. It is a healthy alternative to other beverages in helping to combat the obesity epidemic. Bermuda Waterworks is a member of the International Bottled Water Association. The company is therefore subject to an annual inspection of its plant and process. Annually our water is subject to a detailed chemical analysis by a US-based laboratory. Locally, our bottled water is tested daily in-house and weekly by an external approved laboratory. Bottled

water in reusable containers has been going green long before it became popular. Our bottles can be reused several times, once our customers do their part. Bottles are rejected if there are any leaks; other liquids, for example, drink mix or dirty bottles. Very often schools and organizations have coin drives or other fundraising activities. The company is very happy to donate reject bottles to these events. Just give us a call and save a good bottle from going bad. For over 75 years, Bermuda Waterworks has manufactured water to meet the island’s growing needs. Our daily mission is to provide the island with a high quality potable utility water supply and internationally approved bottled water products. We are here to meet all of your water needs. ■

THE ANTI-BOTTLE

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thegreenhousebermuda Electric Vehicles P.O. Box SN 165, Southampton Bermuda, SNBX ) RIÂ¿FH 0

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Visit our web site at www.clearwatersystems.bm or call Ryon or Chris on 236.3388 and arrange for your free ClearWater Systems water treatment system check-up!

KICK THE BOTTLE & START SAVING TODAY!

10 Harvey Road, Paget 236.3388 www.clearwatersystems.bm