A Facility for Progressive Self-sufficiency

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency at

hauz-i-rani New Delhi

thesis 2013

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

declaration by the candidate

The research work embodied in this thesis, titled A Facility for Progressive Self-sufficiency, has been carried out by the undersigned as part of the undergraduate program in the Department of Architecture, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, India under the supervision of Prof. Anuj Mehta and Prof. Satish Dabral.

The undersigned hereby declares that this is her original work and has not been plagiarized in part or full from any source.

This work has not been submitted for any degree in this or any other University.

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

2

certificate by thesis coordinator

This thesis was carried out during the January–May 2013 semester in the Department of Architecture.

Thereafter, based on this declaration by the candidate, the thesis was presented to the External Jury, held on 8-9 May 2013.

On successful completion of the Bachelor of Architecture Course by the Candidate, the undersigned hereby accepts the Thesis Report on behalf of the Department, so that it may be placed in the Architecture Library.

For this work the candidate was awarded: Internal Evaluation during the Semester: __ out of 300 marks

External Jury Evaluation (8-9 May 2013): __ out of 350 marks

Dr. Aruna Ramani Grover Thesis Co-ordinator Department of Architecture School of Planning and Architecture New Delhi –110002

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

3

acknowledgements

I would like to express my sincere thanks to my thesis guides Prof. Satish Dabral and Shri Anuj Mehta for guiding me through the research and design process. I would also like to thank Dr. Aruna Ramani and other faculty members for their constructive inputs during studios.

I also thank my friends and family for their constant support and valuable comments.

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

4

table of contents

section B

section A

Design Investigation 14

Chapter 1 / Thesis Investigation

India’s Urban Awakening: The Elusive Inclusive City

Design Translation 73

Chapter 6 / design translation

80

Chapter 7 / design development

98

Chapter 8 / portfolio

Synthesis Evolution

Chapter 2 / Research 18 24

2 .1 Areas of Research 2.2 Case Studies

49

Chapter 3 / Project Introduction

58

Chapter 4 / Site Information

66

Chapter 5 / Design Cues

A Facility for Progressive Self-sufficiency at Hauz-i-Rani

Hauz-i-Rani

The Way Forward

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

5

list of figures, drawings, maps & photographs

Fig. 1

Urban Populaion, Delhi, author, based on (Govt. of NCTD, 2009)

Fig. 21

Drawings, Transbay Transit Center, (Transbay Transit Centre, 2013)

Fig. 2

Urban Area, Delhi, author, based on (Govt. of NCTD, 2009)

Fig. 22

The Towada City Plaza for Social Communication, (Kengo Kuma and

Fig. 3

Urban Growth, Delhi, (Chadchana & Shankar, 2012)

Fig. 4,

Occupational Shift, author, graphics based on (The Noun Project)

Fig. 23

Bulembu Vocational Training Centre (Sahee, 2011)

Fig. 5

The Evolution of Urban Villages, author, graphics based on (The Noun

Fig. 24

Location map of Bulembu, (Wikipedia, 2012)

Project)

Fig. 25

Drawings, Bulembu Vocational Training Centre (Sahee, 2011)

Fig. 6

Thesis Proposition, author, graphics based on (The Noun Project)

Fig. 26

Drawings, Bulembu Vocational Training Centre (Sahee, 2011)

Fig. 7

Urban Catalysts, author

Fig. 27

Women’s Centre, (ArchNet, 2002)

Fig. 8

Urban Catalysts, author

Fig. 28

Drawings, Women’s Centre, (ArchNet, 2002)

Fig. 9

The Third Place, author

Fig. 29

Drawings, Women’s Centre, (ArchNet, 2002)

Fig. 10

The characteristics of a Third Place, author, graphics based on (The

Fig. 30

Drawings, Women’s Centre, (ArchNet, 2002)

Associates)

Noun Project)

Fig. 31

Vocational Training Centre at Vaghaldhara, (VVTC, 2013)

Fig. 11

Integrated mixed use developments, author

Fig. 32

Model, Vocational Training Centre at Vaghaldhara, (VVTC, 2009)

Fig. 12

basis for selection of case studies, author, graphics based on (The

Fig. 33

Drawings, Vocational Training Centre at Vaghaldhara, (VVTC, 2009)

Noun Project)

Fig. 34

Drawings, Vocational Training Centre at Vaghaldhara, (VVTC, 2009)

Fig. 13

L’arbrisseau Neighborhood Centre, (Colboc Franzen & Associes)

Fig. 35

Drawings Vocational Training Centre at Vaghaldhara, (VVTC, 2009)

Fig. 14

Drawings, L’arbrisseau Neighborhood Centre, (Colboc Franzen &

Fig. 36

Industrial Training Institute, Malviya Nagar (author)

Associes)

Fig. 37

Schematic Drawings, Industrial Training Institute, Malviya Nagar (author)

Drawings, L’arbrisseau Neighborhood Centre, (Colboc Franzen &

Fig. 38

project intent, author, graphics based on (The Noun Project)

Associes)

Fig. 39

project programme, author, graphics based on (The Noun Project)

Fig. 16

L’arbrisseau Neighborhood Centre, (Colboc Franzen & Associes)

Fig. 40

site location map, author, based on (Google Inc., 2013)

Fig. 17

Trisca Social Centre, (MIMOA)

Fig. 41)

History of Hauz-i-Rani, (Aggarwal, Bajaj, & Patankar, Hauz ki Kahaani:

Fig. 18

Drawings, Trisca Social Centre (Compostela Architecture Program

Fig. 15

Bringing Back the Hauz, 2011)

Spain)

Fig. 42

site location map, author, based on (Google Inc., 2013)

Fig. 19

Trisca Social Centre (Compostela Architecture Program Spain)

Fig. 43

Zonal Development Plan for Zone F, South Delhi, (Delhi Development

Fig. 20

Transbay Transit Center, (Transbay Transit Centre, 2013)

Authority, 2010)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

6

Fig. 44

site location map, author, based on (Google Inc., 2013)

Fig. 78

Design Evolution, author

Fig. 45

site plan, author

Fig. 79

Design Evolution, author

Fig. 46

site images, author

Fig. 80

Design Evolution, author

Fig. 47

site images, author

Fig. 81

Design Evolution, author

Fig. 48

cues to design, author, graphics based on (The Noun Project)

Fig. 82

panel for internal jury, author

Fig. 49

holistic intervention, author

Fig. 83

concept / process sketches, author

Fig. 50

design cues, author

Fig. 84

stage models (1:500), author

Fig. 51

design cues, author

Fig. 85

detail model of pergola, author

Fig. 52

design cues, author

Fig. 86

context model (1:500), author

Fig. 53

design cues, author

Fig. 87

plan view, model (1:200), author

Fig. 54

Design Concepts, author

Fig. 88

view from south-east, model (1:200), author

Fig. 55

Design Concepts, author

Fig. 89

view from south-east, model (1:200), author

Fig. 56

Design Concepts, author

Fig. 90

view from south-west, model (1:200), author

Fig. 57

Fatehpur Sikri (Moretti, 2008)

Fig. 91

view from north-west, model (1:200), author

Fig. 58

Gandhi Smarak Sanghralaya (Godel, 2010)

Fig. 92

view from north-west, model (1:200), author

Fig. 59

Bharat Bhavan (Godel, 2010)

Fig. 93

view from west, model (1:200), author

Fig. 60

Figure Ground: March 20, author

Fig. 94

view from south, model (1:200), author

Fig. 61

Figure Ground: March 20, author

Fig. 95

view from south, model (1:200), author

Fig. 62

Figure Ground: March 20, author

Fig. 96

view from south, model (1:200), author

Fig. 63

material board, author, based on (Google Inc., 2013)

Fig. 64

Design Evolution, author

Fig. 65

Design Evolution, author

Fig. 66

Design Evolution, author

Fig. 67

Design Evolution, author

Fig. 68

Design Evolution, author

Fig. 69

Design Evolution, author

Fig. 70

Design Evolution, author

Fig. 71

Design Evolution, author

Fig. 72

Design Evolution, author

Fig. 73

Design Evolution, author

Fig. 74

Design Evolution, author

Fig. 75

Design Evolution, author

Fig. 76

Design Evolution, author

Fig. 77

Design Evolution, author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

7

list of tables

Table 1

inferences from case studies, author

Table 2

inferences from case studies, author

Table 3

project programme, author

Table 4

institutional programme, author

Table 5

residential programme, author

Table 6

commercial programme, author

Table 7

Site SWOT, author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

8

thesis synopsis

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

9

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

10

थीसिस सारांश िाइट: हौज-i-रानी, माऱवीय नगर, हदल्ऱी

थीसि​ि प्रस्ताव: गररमा के िाथ ववकाि

यािीव चौक

शहयी गाॊव रगाताय फदर यहे हैं। इस प्रक्रिमा से ऩयु ाने ग्राभीणों औय नए प्रवाससमों के आर्थिक व साभाजिक ववकास ऩय सकायात्भक प्रबाव ऩड़ता है ।

सावि​िननक ननवेश से इस प्रक्रिमा को गनत सभरती है ।

इॊडडमा गेट

मह अनुकूरन प्रक्रिमा भासरकों द्वाया रगाताय ननवेश ऩय बी ननबिय होती है ।

क्या हम एक ऐिी िवु वधा का ननमा​ाण कर िकतें है जो शहरी गा​ांवों के आर्थाक आत्मननर्ारता और िमग्र ववकाि के सऱए एक उत्प्रेरक के रूऩ में काम कर िकें?

साईट

अनुिांधान का क्षेत्र

प्रकरण अध्ययन ऱ’अरब्रिस्िो ऩडोिई केंद्र, सऱऱे, फ्ा​ांि साभुदाज मक केन्द्र

केंद्रीम प्राॊगण, िुड़े हुए ऺेत्रों की व्मवस्था

भास यै वऩड ट्ाॊजिट स्टे शनों के ऩास सावि​िननक सबा औय सभावेशी स्थानों का ननभािणै।

ब्रत्रस्का िामाजजक िा​ांस्कृनतक केंद्र, िेंहटआगो दे कोम्ऩोस्तेऱा, स्ऩेन

साभुदाज मक केन्द्र हय भॊजिर ऩय अरग कामि​िभ, स्थानीम औय फाहयई जअनतथ

फहु प्रमोिन व सभर्ित उऩमोग केंद्रों िो ववसबन्न सुववधाएॊ (आवासीम, वाणणजयमक, सॊस्थागत, साॊस्कृनतक) को एकीकृत कयतें है , मह सुववधाएॊ एक दस ू ये का सभथिन (आर्थिक, प्रोग्राभ के रूऩ भें ) कैसे कय सकतें है । ट्रा​ांस्बय ट्रा​ांजजट केंद्र, िैन फ्ा​ांसिस्को, अमेररका

फहुववध ऩायगभन स्टे शन फाहयी प्रदशिनी स्थान िो सावि​िननक ऩाकि के साथ एकीकृत है

गीताॊजिर

सावि​िननक सॊस्थान औय वास्तु हस्तऺेऩ िो शहयी गाॊवों औय गयीफ ऺेत्रों के आर्थिक आत्भननबियता के सरए उत्प्रेयक है ।

ऩुसरस थाना

क्रकरा याम वऩथौया

कमजोररयों

सावि​िननक ऩरयवहन, उत्कृष्ट कनेजटटववटी साइट ऩय फहुत रोग आते है साइट ऩय भौिूदा प्रचरन ऩथ भिफूत आवासीम चरयत्र न्मूनतभ ऩाक्रकिंग सुववधा की आवश्मकता

कारोननमों से कभज़ोय कनेजटटववटी िहटर वाहननम ऩहुॉच शोय औय मातामात िभाव साइट के असाभान्म क्रकनाये औय कोने साईट के क्रकनाये ऩय कब्र

अविर

खतरे

खुरे हयी बूसभ के फचे हुए ऩैच भेट्ो स्टे शन का फॊद ननकास सशवासरक कारोनी का फॊद ननकास

तेिी से िेजन्त्रपीकेशन साइट ऩय भहॊ गी व्मावसानमक दक ु ानों के ननभािण से ग्राभीण फाहय हो सकते हैं

भारवीम नगय

सशवासरक

अस्ऩतार डीएभआयसी कामािरम

ताकत

ववद्मारम

गुरुद्वाया हौि यानी

साईट

अस्ऩतार

ऩाक्रकिंग साकेत

िन वाहटका

अस्ऩतार

महहऱा केंद्र, रुफ़िस्क, िेनेगऱ

वोकेशनऱ ट्रे ननांग िैंटर, वागाल्धरा, गज ु रात

औद्योर्गक प्रसशक्षण िांस्थान, माऱवीय नगर

भहहरा केंद्र केंद्रीम आॊगन, अर्द्ि खुरे फयाभदे

व्मावसानमक केंद्र केंद्रीम आॊगन, अर्द्ि खुरे फयाभदे

व्मावसानमक केंद्र केंद्रीम आॊगन, बूतर ऩय बायी भशीन / कामिशाराए

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

11

कायि वाई िो चर यही है

ऩररयोजना ऩररचय: कायाक्रम और ऱक्ष्य

प्रगनत को फढावा दे ना

प्रमख ु अवधारणाए

हौज-i-रानी, नई हदल्ऱी के सऱए एक

प्रगती और आत्मननर्ारता के सऱए एक िुववधा

व्मजटतगत स्वतॊत्रता सवु वधा उऩरब्ध कयाने औय दानमत्वों को ऩूया कयने के सरए ऩमािप्त सॊसाधन

एक इभायत मा स्थान िो एक ववशेष सेवा प्रदान कयता है मा िो ववशेष रूऩ से उद्मोग के सरए प्रमोग क्रकमा िाता है कहिनाई के बफना कुशर प्रदशिन मा ऺभता सड़क से ऩाकि के सरए प्रत्मऺ सावि​िननक अऺ कई सभवऩित “आॊगन” के भाध्मभ से ऩाकि तक अप्रत्मऺ, घुभावदाय ऩथ

एक सभग्र कई उऩमोगों के भेट्ो स्टे शन गाॊव के हस्तऺेऩ एकीकयण, स्थाननक के साथ साथ ऩदानि इॊटयपेस इॊटयपेस ु भ

सॊस्थागत आवास व्माऩारयक

3325 m2 2040 m2 1450 m2

सॊऩण 6815 m2 ू ि साइट ऺेत्र 12060 m2 एपएआय

0.56

भेट्ो के आर्थिक ऩास सभावेशी सहमोग की सावि​िननक स्थान सवु वधा

ववकास को कौशर औय उत्प्रेरयत कयना सॊऩजत्त की ववृ र्द्

स्थानीम सशल्ऩ अथिव्मवस्था की सवु वधा

एक सक्रिम 24x7 भाहौर फनाना

आांगन 1/ प्रवेश

2/ जन 3/ सशल्ऩ

4/ गा​ांव

5/ बाज़ार

6/

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency र्ोजन thesis 2013

12

section a

Design investigation

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

13

chapter 1.o/ thesis investigation

India’s urban awakening: the elusive inclusive city

I

ndia has traditionally been an agrarian economy, and in 1947 when it gained independence, only 17.3% of its population lived in cities (Talwar, 1997).

to the secondary and tertiary.

Over this last half-decade our nation has faced many socio-economic changes: large scale industry- the “temples of modern India�- and now the service economy.

Employment has steadily moved away from the primary

In 2011, 31.16% of Indians lived in urban areas (Census of India, 2011). Our cities have grown; continue to sprawl and absorb surrounding agricultural land. In some cases there remain no traces of these old villages. However, most survive despite being engulfed by the expanding urban sprawl.

Urban Population, Delhi

Urban Growth, Delhi 1974

1999 Fig. 1, Urban Populaion, Delhi author, based on (Govt. of NCTD, 2009)

88.2% 1961

93.2% 2001

Fig. 2, Urban Area, Delhi author, based on (Govt. of NCTD, 2009) Fig. 3, Urban Growth, Delhi

Urban Area, Delhi

(Chadchana & Shankar, 2012)

62% 2001

22% 1961

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

14

The Evolution of an Urban Village

Scattered across modern Indian cities, there remain areas where the morphology of extant villages can be clearly distinguished decades after the surrounding farmlands were converted into offices, houses and shops. As economist and urban theorist Sanjeev Sanyal has said, “this is a distinctive aspect of Indian civilisation — the ability to allow the past to live in the present�

(Sanyal, 2010).

Every village generally goes through a series of stages, as outlined by Sanyal (Sanyal, 2010):

These urban villages have dramatically changed with time. Social and economic pressures and inadequacies have meant that these areas remain in a sort of limbo, caught between modern India and an older, less economically developed past.

The main source of income has changed from agriculture and husbandry to the service sector. Villagers find employment as informal skilled and unskilled workers or in small businesses (Soni, 2011) (Verma, 2010).

While these villages are essential to the daily routine of Indian cities and their contribution to the economic system remains unquestioned, they remain largely ignored by civic authorities. Infrastructure is often much worse than in surrounding city areas, and public investment is directly proportional to the income level of the village.

However, with poor civic infrastructure it becomes increasingly tough for villagers to rise out of an endless cycle of poverty and dependency. Urban villages remain on the fringes of Indian cities.

1. Farmers sell their land to the government or to a developer. Most then invest their new wealth in businesses such as transportation, labour contracting, supply of construction material, etc.. Villagers who move out usually retain their houses in the old village settlement. This settlement, a lal dora area, is exempt from usual municipal and building codes and new construction has little regard for safety or ventilation. These buildings become home to construction workers and other service providers who move into the area. Thus, the village turns into a slum with the old villagers as slum-lords.

2. After about a decade, construction work begins to slow down. Construction workers drift away and new migrants (security guards, maids, drivers, etc.) move in. Shops selling construction material and hardware are replaced by shops selling mobile phones, street food, car parts,etc.. There is private and some public investment in amenities such as common toilets.

3. After another 10 to 15 years, the surrounding area is well-settled and open agricultural fields are a distant memory. Students, salesmen and small businessmen move into the village. Old villagers continue to be the dominant owners of land but they now begin to invest in improving their individual properties in order to elicit higher rents. In many instances, the owners have become politically important enough

Occupational Shift

primary sector agriculture and husbandry

e

The Urban Village

industry, service, commerce and retail, household help

urban villages generally lack basic civic amenities such as roads, access to potable water, health and sanitation.

Fig. 4, Occupational Shift author, graphics based on (The Noun Project)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

15

to lobby for public investment in basic drainage and sanitation. Public transport connections have a strong positive effect on the economic dynamism.

Shops upgrade themselves: for example, old streetfood sellers become cheap restaurants.

4. The village gentrifies. This can happen in a number of ways. Hauz Khas village has become a warren of boutique shops, art galleries and trendy restaurants. Mahipalpur, near the international airport, has seen an explosion of cheap hotels. Shahpur Jat has become home to a numerous small offices and designer workshops. In many cases, the old villagers have encashed their real estate and the ownership pattern has become much more mixed. The areas now grapple with the problems of prosperity such as inadequate parking.

Sanyal’s analysis tells us that urban villages are constantly changing and that this process of evolution has a positive impact on the economic and social development of both the old villagers as well as new migrants.

There are two important learnings (Sanyal, 2010): 1. First, public investment in the “commons” speeds up the development process. Amenities such as common toilets, public transport and drainage can have an important impact on the quality of life of residents as well as attract new economic opportunities.

2. Second, the process of adaptation depends on decades of steady investment by the owners.

The Elusive Inclusive City The current model of development regards economic growth –GDP- as its only measure (Bhaduri, The Face You Were Afraid to See: Essays on the Indian Economy, 2009) (Bhaduri, Development with dignity: a case for full employment, 2006). We consider the presence of high-tech industries and intensive capital-generating commercialization essential to the very notion of development. However, much of this infrastructure-building remains exclusive to the rich and its positive impact rarely trickles down to the poor.

Consequently, the poor are unable to contribute to this system either as buyers or sellers and lower income groups are frequently marginalized. As a measure of this rising inequity, it seems that public investment in the infrastructure development of particular region relates directly to the income level or purchasing power of its residents.

At the same time, most of the city’s public land is also allocated towards commercial pursuits and is only accessible to those who have economic purchasing power.

There are many new malls and commercial complexes, but few cater to multiple sections of society.

Even more critically, those locations which are easily accessible by public transport -near metro stations, for example- are deemed high real-estate and it is unthinkable to imagine an inclusive facility here.

More often than not, these new developments take no

Urban villages are constantly changing and that this process of evolution has a positive impact on the economic and social development of both the old villagers as well as new migrants.

Public investment in the “commons” speeds up the development process.

The process of adaptation depends on decades of steady investment by the owners.

Fig. 5, The Evolution of Urban Villages author, graphics based on (The Noun Project)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

16

regard of the existing local population, unlikely to be able to actually use –or even access- them.

Thesis Proposition: Development with Dignity The development of urban villages might be accelerated by both public investment in infrastructure and a steady increase in the income of residents. However, public investment itself depends on the prosperity of the village and so we have a catch-22 situation.

Intervention in the form of a facility which aims to build long-term skills and assets for the villagers will lead to their socio-economic development. This development will be followed by improved civic infrastructure and amenities.

Thus, my research question is: Is it possible to build a facility which may act as a catalyst towards the economic self-sufficiency and so overall development of urban villages?

In his 2006 book, Development with Dignity, economist Amit Bhaduri (Bhaduri, Development with dignity: a case for full employment, 2006) made a strong stance for a new notion of growth, one which is inclusive and lasting. Through this thesis endeavour, I hope to create a feasible model for open, public land which creates a node to centre the positive transformation of the area around, which catalyses economic stability and thus infrastructural improvements, and, most critically, does not leave anyone behind.

increase in cash in-flow to the village

villagers learn new skills, become economically selfsufficient

villagers support and invest in their property, pay increased taxes and the village becomes prosperous

increased public investment in civic infrastructure leads to social, cultural and economic development

development with dignity Fig. 6, Thesis Proposition author, graphics based on (The Noun Project)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

17

chapter 2.1/ research

Areas of Research

W

ith the intent and scope of the project in mind, the areas of furthur research for the thesis are as follows: 1. public institutions and architectural interventions as catalysts for economic self-sufficiency of urban villages and similar poorer city areas

2. creation of public gathering spaces/ inclusive social spaces near mass rapid transit stations 3. multi-purpose mixed use centres which integrate various facilities (institutional, cultural, commercial and residential) and explore how they might support each other (economically and programmatically)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

18

chapter 2.1.1/ research

Architecture as catalyst for socio-economic change

T

he idea of architecture as catalyst for social or economic change is not new. Architecture is, like most other things, a reflection of our society. However, it also has the power to help mould or change its context, both local and global. Architects committed to the design value of social change often see their work as a tool for transforming the built environment and those who live in it (Carter) (Aeschbacher & Rios, 2008).

These ideas are demonstrated by grand manifestos and utopian theories. But there are also many practices which apply these ideas towards building small-scale, community oriented buildings and complexes (Metropolis Continuing Education, 2010).

Such projects offer not only practical solutions to community needs, but also aim to have a broader effect on the communities in which they work, relying on the social and economic stewardship of architecture (Kell & Wakeford).

The concepts urban catalysis (discussed further) considers the impact of architecture and planning towards urban regeneration and so socio-economic development.

Urban Catalysis An urban catalyst has a greater purpose than to solve a functional problem, or create an investment, or provide an amenity. A catalyst is an urban element that is shaped by the city (its “laboratory” setting) and then, in turn, shapes its context. Its purpose is the incremental, continuous regeneration of the urban fabric (Attoe & Logan, 1992). The important point is that the catalyst is not a single end product but an element that impels and guides subsequent development.

Urban Catalysis shaped by the city

shapes its context single big, vast intervention can act as a catalyst

Often those who talk about catalysts refer to vast developments; but perhaps urban catalysts can be better thought of as smaller elements—a building, a fragment of a building, a complex of buildings, or even a report or set of guidelines.

Catalysis involves the introduction of one ingredient to modify others. In the process, the catalyst sometimes remains intact and sometimes is itself modified. Catalysis may be characterized as follows (Attoe & Logan, 1992): 1. The introduction of a new element causes a reac-

smaller elements—a building, a fragment of a building, a complex of buildings Fig. 7, Urban Catalysts author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

19

tion that modifies existing elements in an area. Although most often thought of as economic, catalysts can also be social, legal, political, or architectural.

5. Cities differ; urban design cannot assume uniformity; no single formula can be specified for all circumstances.

2. Existing urban elements of value are enhanced or transformed in positive ways. The new need not obliterate or devalue the old but can redeem it.

6. Catalytic design is strategic. Change occurs not from simple intervention but through careful calculation to influence future urban form step by step.

3. The catalytic reaction is contained; it does not damage its context. To unleash a force is not enough.

Its impact must be channelled.

7. A product better than the sum of the ingredients is the goal of each catalytic reaction.

4. To ensure a positive, desired, predictable catalytic reaction, the ingredients must be considered, understood, and accepted. A comprehensive understanding is needed to produce a good limited effect.

8. The catalyst need not be consumed in the process but can remain identifiable.

catalyst is not a single end product but an element that impels and guides subsequent development

Z,ZmX A product better than the sum of the ingredients is the goal of each catalytic reaction Fig. 8, Urban Catalysts author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

20

chapter 2.1.2/ research

Social Spaces

S

ocial, public spaces which are truly inclusive are integral to the development of communities. By providing a secure open area for interaction, such centres facilitate stronger social ties and also economic co-dependence (Relph, 1976). These spaces shuould be supported by programmatic functions such as restaurants, retail, public art, etc. which may act as draws to the site and generate activity (Wikipedia, 2013).

Community Centre Community centres are public locations where members of a community tend to gather for group activities, social support, public information, and other purposes (Jaffrelot, 2012). They may sometimes be open for the whole community or for a specialised group within the greater community (Wikipedia, 2013).

Social Centre Social centres are community spaces. They are buildings which are used for a range of disparate activities, which can be linked only by being not-for-profit. They might

be organizing centers for local activities or they might provide support networks for minority groups such as prisoners and refugees (Carter). Often they provide a base for initiatives such as cafes, free shops, public computer labs, graffiti murals, legal collectives and free housing for travellers. The services are determined by both the needs of the community in which the social center is based and the skills which the participants have to offer (Wikipedia, 2013).

z

first place : home

x

second place : work-place

c

third place : anchors of community life

The Third Place The third place (also known as Third Space) is a term used in the concept of community building to refer to social surroundings separate from the two usual social environments of home and the workplace. In his influential book The Great Good Place, Ray Oldenburg (Oldenburg, 1999) (Wikipedia, 2013) argues that third places are important for civil society, democracy, civic engagement, and establishing feelings of a sense of place.

Oldenburg calls one’s “first place” the home and those that one lives with. The “second place” is the workplace

facilitate and foster broader, more creative interaction and are important for civil society, democracy, civic engagement, and establishing feelings of a sense of place Fig. 9, The Third Place author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

21

W

— where people may actually spend most of their time.

2. Food and drink, while not essential, are important

Third places, then, are “anchors” of community life and facilitate and foster broader, more creative interaction.

All societies already have informal meeting places; what is new in modern times is the intentionality of seeking them out as vital to current societal needs.

3. Highly accessible: proximate for many (walking distance) 4. Involve regulars – those who habitually congregate there

Highly accessible (walking distance)

Oldenburg suggests the following hallmarks of a true “third place” (Oldenburg, 1999):

5. Welcoming and comfortable

Involve regulars – those who habitually congregate there

1. Free or inexpensive

6. Both new friends and old should be found there.

Free or inexpensive Food and drink

M

Welcoming and comfortable Both new friends and old should be found there.

Fig. 10, The characteristics of a Third Place author, graphics based on (The Noun Project)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

22

chapter 2.1.3/ research

Integrated mixed-use developments

M

ixed-use developments combine residential, commercial, cultural, institutional, or industrial uses. These functions are physically and functionally integrated via pedestrian connections (Wikipedia, 2013).

Such developments generate stronger and more active neighbourhoods, while increasing density and creating more compact, closer environments (Relph, 1976) (Jaffrelot, 2012).

However, another advantage is purely economic. Considering the differerent market values and revenue-generation capabilities of differing functions allows the developor to combine them such that they cross-subsidise and support each other, leading to a more sustainable and long-term development.

Fig. 11, Integrated mixed use developments author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

23

chapter 2.2/ research

Case Studies

Considering the diverse nature of the project scope, there can be no one particular case study which encampasses the entire program. The following projects have been chosen to illustrate their competence while deailing with a particular aspect of the area program.

L’arbrisseau Neighborhood Centre Lille, France Trisca Socio-cultural Centre Santiago de Compostela, Spain Transbay Transit Center San Francisco, USA

inclusive social space

near MRTS station

The Towada City Plaza for Social Communication Towada, Aomori, Japan Bulembu Vocational Training Centre Bulembu, Swaziland

integrated mixed-use development

community development

Women’s Centre Rufisque, Senegal Vaghaldhara Vocational Training Centre Vaghaldhara, Gujarat, India

Fig. 12, basis for selection of case studies

Industrial Training Institute, Malviya Nagar New Delhi, India economic development

author, graphics based on (The Noun Project)

vocational education

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

24

L’arbrisseau Neighborhood Centre

T

he neighbourhood of L’Arbrisseau is undergoing radical redevelopment after years of social and economic decline. The community centre is an important step in this direction and was built and designed together with local people and the city council (ArchDaily, 2011) (Colboc Franzen & Associes).

The project is open to people of all ages: toddlers are on the ground floor, with a mother and child care centre. Small and slightly older children are on the first floor, where there is an infant day centre, a ‘little wings’ area and activity rooms as well as a reading corner.

The second floor has a multi-purpose hall as well as an area used for adult integration courses such as cookery and computing. The third floor contains administrative offices and a four-room, on-site staff flat that includes a south-facing terrace.

The building’s layout allows each age group to relate directly to the one below it and the one above. The mother and child care centre is linked to the first-floor children centre by a split-level garden. The first floor in turn connects with the second floor via the double-story library. This floor communicates with the top story of the building.

The design freed up the greatest possible space for a garden around the bottom of the building. Stretching the building vertically increases its visibility and its prestige. All of the different schemes are united around a common atrium.

admn. offices

library

day care

residential

exhibition + performace spaces

RWA + village community services

mess / food hall

hall / auditorium

Architect / Colboc Franzen & Associes Site / Lille, France Year / 2011 Function / Community Centre Total floor area / 1779 m2 Maximum height / 4 floors

inclusive social space adult education / training centre integrated mixed-use development

Fig. 13, L’arbrisseau Neighborhood Centre (Colboc Franzen & Associes)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

25

3

1

2

5

4 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

ground floor plan first floor plan second floor plan third floor plan site plan

Fig. 14, Drawings, L’arbrisseau Neighborhood Centre (Colboc Franzen & Associes)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

26

1. west elevation 2. east elevation 3. section 1

Fig. 15, Drawings, L’arbrisseau Neighborhood Centre (Colboc Franzen & Associes) Fig. 16, L’arbrisseau Neighborhood Centre (Colboc Franzen & Associes)

2

3

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

27

Trisca Sociocultural Center

T

he Trisca Sociocultural Center offers multiuse gathering spaces for residents of the San Pedro neighborhood in Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Compostela Architecture Program Spain) (MIMOA) (Stephens, 2011).

The building houses a social centre for people living in the vicinity, but is also open for others. It has two large spaces for cultural activities, several meeting rooms, exhibition spaces, workshops, photo studios, ateliers, a children playroom, a mess and a reading room, apart from administrative offices.

The centre has successfully become the heart of the local community while remaining public to the larger city. It provides many opportunities for interaction, play, study and transaction.

admn. offices

library

day care

studios

exhibition + performace spaces

RWA + village community services

mess / food hall

hall / auditorium

Architect / John Hejduk Developer / Centros Socioculturales de Santiago Site / Santiago de Compostela, Spain Year / 2003 Function / Community Centre Total floor area / 600 m2 Maximum height / 4 floors

inclusive social space

integrated mixed-use development

Fig. 17, Trisca Social Centre (MIMOA)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

28

1 1. typical floor plan 2. section 3. section Fig. 18, Drawings, Trisca Social Centre (Compostela Architecture Program Spain)

2

3

Fig. 19, Trisca Social Centre (Compostela Architecture Program Spain)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

29

Transbay Transit Center

T

ransbay Transit Center (Transbay Transit Centre, 2013) (Pelli Clark Pelli Architects, 2012) will link 11 transit systems. The design includes a 2.2 hectare rooftop park that will anchor the growth of a new mixed-​ use neighbourhood. At street level, shops and cafés will draw visitors and energize the surrounding neighbourhood.

The rooftop park will have multiple entry points, including bridges to surrounding buildings. The program includes a 1,000-person amphitheater, cafés, a children’s playground, and quiet areas for reading and picnicking.

The Transit Center is intended to spur economic development by reinvesting in a centrally located part of San Francisco that has missed out on the region’s recent economic boom. The project was conceived by the city as a public-​ private partnership to ensure its economic viability and thus sustainability.

public park

retail / shops

play ground

cafe and restaurant

exhibition + performace spaces

transit oriented

hall / auditorium

catalyse development

Architect / Pelli Clarke Pelli Developer / Hines Site / San Francisco, California, USA Year / proposal (2017) Function / multimodal transit station Total floor area / 140000 m2

inclusive social space

Fig. 20, Transbay Transit Center (Transbay Transit Centre, 2013)

integrated mixed-use development

mass-transit integrated

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

30

1

2

1. ground floor plan 2. roof level plan Fig. 21, Drawings, Transbay Transit Center (Transbay Transit Centre, 2013)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

31

The Towada City Plaza for Social Communication

T

he facility is proposed as part of a plan by the city of Towada to activate the city center by introducing a “Plaza for Education” and a “Plaza for Social Communication” (Kengo Kuma and Associates).

The city intends to improve public welfare and create an environment for lifelong learning. The plaza will improve ties and social exchange between communities by attracting public of all ages and through numerous social events.

Along the “plaza of streets” will be playrooms where children can play in a safe environment and galleries that can accommodate exhibitions of all nature produced by local and international artists. In addition, offices for people who support the civic activities and small offices for other related activities will also be introduced. This will generate a network that strengthens connection with the local region.

admn. offices

retail / shops

day care

cafe and restaurant

exhibition + performace spaces

RWA + village community services

mess / food hall

adult education / training centre

Architect / Kengo Kuma & Associates Developer / City of Towada Site / Towada, Aomori, Japan Year / proposal Function / Plaza for social communication Total floor area / 2500 m2 Maximum height / 1 floor

inclusive social space

integrated mixed-use development

Fig. 22, The Towada City Plaza for Social Communication (Kengo Kuma and Associates)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

32

Bulembu Vocational Training Centre

T

he Bulembu Vocational Training Centre (VTC) seeks to provide youth with market driven technical job skills and training for the hospitality industry that will enable them to secure steady, well paying jobs and become productive members of society and the community. The VTC will also provide personal and social competencies, and impart key skills and abilities required in working life both in rural and urban areas.

The focus is on providing short, hands-on competency based training programs which equip trainees with skills, entrepreneurial acumen and productive competencies needed for employment.

The curriculum includes areas of focus to the hospitality industry such as food preparation and culinary arts; food and beverage service; reception operations and services; accommodation operations and services; and, international tourism. Subset classes will will focus on English proficiency, AIDS awareness, Entrepreneurship and Leadership Development.

The overall objective of the Bulembu Vocational Training Centre is to alleviate poverty and unemployment by providing vocational training and job-creation projects for unemployed youth - especially those from historically disadvantaged communities.

The facility is combined with a multi-functional hall for the use of the community.

adult education / training centre

RWA + village community services

hall / auditorium

catalyse development

Architect / Bell Architects, Ireland Developer / Canadian International Development Agency; Sahee Site / Bulembu, Swaziland Year / 2011 Function / vocational school Total floor area / 200 m2

inclusive social space

vocational education

Fig. 23, Bulembu Vocational Training Centre (Sahee, 2011) Fig. 24, Location map of Bulembu, (Wikipedia, 2012)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

33

9. Building Floor Plan and Elevations 9. Building Floor Plan and Elevations

Floor Plan Fig. 25, Drawings, Bulembu Vocational Training Centre (Sahee, 2011)

 

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

34

1

2

3 4

5

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

west elevation east elevation entrance feature detail section north elevation south elevation

Fig. 26, Drawings, Bulembu Vocational Training Centre (Sahee, 2011)

6  

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

35

Women’s Centre

T

he women’s centre offers facilities for activities of various organisations formed by local women. The idea and the spatial programme of the centre were born in co-operation with local women’s groups (Hollmén, Reuter, & Sandman, 2005) (Hollmén- Reuter- Sandman Architects, 2002).

The social goals of the project were to help: • women’s gain ‘social security’ by providing a place to create and sell handicrafts for supplemental income • acclimate women moving from rural areas to city

adult education / training centre

RWA + village community services

hall / auditorium

catalyse development

Architect / Hollmén- ReuterSandman Architects Developer / Finnish Foreign Ministry, The SenegaleseFinnish Association ARC Site / Rufisque, Senegal Year / 2001 Function / women’s centre Total floor area / 700 m2

community development

vocational education

Fig. 27, Women’s Centre (ArchNet, 2002)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

36

Floor Plan Fig. 28, Drawings, Women’s Centre (ArchNet, 2002)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

37

1

2 1. section 2. section Fig. 29, Drawings, Women’s Centre (ArchNet, 2002)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

38

1

1. section 2. elevation 2 Fig. 30, Drawings, Women’s Centre (ArchNet, 2002)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

39

Vaghaldhara Vocational Training Centre

T

he vocational centre is run by a charitable trust for underpriviliged tribal students in the Vaghaldhara area of Gujarat. The trust also runs a school in the same complex. The centre offers training in (VVTC, 2013) (VVTC, 2009):

• • • • • • • • • • • • •

electrical and house wiring electrician refrigeration and AC technician refrigeration and AC mechanic draughtsman civil junior civil supervisor computer operator and programming assistant computer and tally operator welder TIG and MIG welder plumber turner CNC turning operator

adult education / training centre

mess / food hall

residential catalyse development

Architect / Vaghaldhara Vibhag Kelavani Mandal Developer / Vaghaldhara Vibhag Kelavani Mandal, Government of Gujarat Site / Vaghaldhara, Gujarat Year / 2010 Function / vocational school Site area / 18000 m2

vocational education

Fig. 31, Vocational Training Centre at Vaghaldhara (VVTC, 2013)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

40

Fig. 32, Model, Vocational Training Centre at Vaghaldhara (VVTC, 2009)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

41

Site Plan Fig. 33, Drawings, Vocational Training Centre at Vaghaldhara (VVTC, 2009)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

42

Ground Floor Plan, Vocational Training Centre Fig. 34, Drawings, Vocational Training Centre at Vaghaldhara (VVTC, 2009)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

43

1

2

Hostel 1. ground floor plan 2. first floor plan

Fig. 35, Drawings Vocational Training Centre at Vaghaldhara (VVTC, 2009)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

44

Industrial Training Institute, Malviya Nagar

T

he vocational centre is run by the Delhi government and is one of the oldest in the city. It offers courses in engineering and non-engineering subjects for 1-2 years.

• • • • • • •

refrigeration and AC mechanic electrician instrument mechanic fitter and turner painter wireman welder (gas, electric)

• • • • • •

scooter and auto cycle repair carpenter draughtsman civil junior civil supervisor computer operator and programming assistant steno (Engliish)

adult education / training centre

catalyse development

Architect / Developer / Directorate of Training and Technical Education, Government of NCT, Delhi Site / New Delhi Year / 1955 Function / vocational school Site area / m2

vocational education

Fig. 36, Industrial Training Institute, Malviya Nagar (author)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

45

1. offices 2. classrooms 3. workshops

2

2

2

2

1

1

2

1

1

2 2

3

3

3

3 3

satellite image

1

3

3

3

ground floor sketch plan

Schematic Drawings Fig. 37, Industrial Training Institute, Malviya Nagar (author)

ground floor schematic plan

first floor schematic plan

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

46

inferences

project

L’arbrisseau Neighborhood Centre, Lille, France

Trisca Sociocultural Center, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

Transbay Transit Center, San Francisco, USA

area

1779 m2

600 m2

140000 m2

function

community centre

community centre

multimodal transit station

inclusive social space

inclusive social space

inclusive social space

main intent integrated mixed-use

integrated mixed-use

integrated mixed-use

programme

inferences

all rooms open onto central atrium and staircase, zoning of connected functions on adjacent floors

different functions on different floors, catering to the local neighbourhood and outsiders

outdoor exhibition and performance spaces are integrated sealessly into the public park

Table 1, inferences from case studies author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

47

inferences

project

Women’s Centre, Rufisque, Senegal

area

700 m2

function

Vaghaldhara Vocational Training Centre, Vaghaldhara, Gujarat

Industrial Training Institute, Malviya Nagar, Senegal

women’s centre

vocational centre

vocational centre

community development

community development

vocational education

main intent vocational education

vocational education

programme

inferences

all spaces open onto central courtyard, the significance of semiopen verandas and shaded areas

all spaces open onto central courtyard, the significance of semiopen verandas and shaded areas

all spaces open onto central courtyard, heavier machines on ground floor

Table 2, inferences from case studies author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

48

chapter 3.0/ project introduction

A facility for progressive self-sufficiency at Hauz-i-Rani

Need Identification

D

elhi has been called a collection of villages and not a city. By one estimation, there are 106 villages in the city (Sanyal, 2010), all in different stages of urbanization.

Hauz Khas is completely gentrified, nearby Shahpur Jat and Khirki well on their way. However, there are also those urban villages which are yet to enter the last stage. They remain underdeveloped as compared to the others with little to no infrastructural investment.

Such an urban village is right now at a critical point in

its evolution: it is just starting on the path of prosperity and so infrastructural development. This process can be guided and catalysed by the intervention of a suitable facility which will employ and build upon the existing skills of the local population with the aim to eventually increase their income.

There is also available land near many metro stations and such villages which can be used as a starting ground for such a project. Such an utilization of public land accedes to the notion of inclusivity and development with dignity.

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

49

Project Intent and Scope The author proposes the development of a Facility of Progressive Self-Sufficiency at Hauz-i-Rani, an urban village located close to the Malviya Nagar metro station.

This facility will be an integrated multi-purpose complex with the following intent: 1. to create a viable public space near the metro station which is accessible to everyone and most useful for those living in its immediate vicinity 2. to create a node to centre the development of the area around; generate public attention and thus infrastructural improvements 3. to provide for education and vocational training centres that build skills and assets, allowing income to flow into the village in the long run to create low-level commercial activity which generates development but not rapid gentrification 4. to create a platform via which local workers and employers can interact more productively and efficiently 5. to organize and champion the local crafts economy

A building or place that provides a particular service or is used for a particular industry Skilful performance or ability without difficulty

A tense of verbs used in describing action that is on-going Favouring or promoting progress

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency at

hauz-i-rani New Delhi

Sufficient resources to provide comfort and meet obligations

Personal independence

inclusive public space near the metro

catalyse development

skill and asset enhancement

facilitate economic interaction

Fig. 38, project intent author, graphics based on (The Noun Project)

champion local crafts economy

create an active 24x7 environment

6. to create short-term accommodation for local facilities and thus create a more active environment a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

50

administrative offices

institutional

residential

commercial

Area Programme

21%

The thesis of the proposition is reflected in the focus on the institutional component in the proposed area programme. The primary services offered by the facility are vocational and learning oriented.

49%

vocational

30%

institutional 3325 m residential 2040 m2 commercial 1450 m2

These services, however, are not aimed at generating revenue. In a bid to make the facility self-sufficient, residential and commercial functions are introduced as cross-subsidizing mechanisms.

total site area FAR

6815 m2 12060 m2 0.56

The mixed-use programmes support each other both financially and in terms of function, usage and activity generation.

employement centre/ hiring agency

RWA + village community services

mess / food hall

potters’ collective

wood-working workshop

emboidery workshop

computer training centre

day care

library

hall / auditorium

exhibition + performace spaces

short term rental units

cafe and restaurant

retail / shops

workshops and studios

commercial office space

2

learning ancillary cultural

short term rental units

f&b retail shops work spaces

Table 3, project programme author Fig. 39, project programme author, graphics based on (The Noun Project)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

51

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

A A1

institutional program administrative offices

at hauz-i-rani

notes

visitors information centre/ facility admn. offices

acts as a general introduction/ reception to the facility.

Also provides information about local events and Delhi tourism services

employment centre/ hiring agency

acts as interface between local skilled workers and interested employers, offers career guidance

Hauz Rani RWA

common services

where the local RWA can meet and organize events/ drives

institutional | 1 of

components front desk + waiting filing and storage area small office x 2 total admn. desk + waiting guidance office office and storage area total small office x 2 meeting room total toilets pantry total total + additional 30%

area 10.0 5.0 20.0 35.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 30.0 20.0 15.0 35.0 15.0 5.0 20.0 120.0 156.0

Table 4, institutional programme author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

52

A2

vocational

Potters' Collective (Kumhaar Kala Kendra)

embroidery workshop

computer training centre

common services

A3

admn./teachers' office teaching workshop x 2 organizes local potters into a guild/ union, provides technical learning centre training in new pottery techniques, offers pottery classes exhibition space to outside audience, exhibits local pottery shop total admn./teachers' office offers short-term courses to women on embroidery/ workshop x 2 needle work total admn./teachers' office offers short-term courses aimed at skill and asset computer lab building total toilets pantry total total + additional 30%

10.0 250.0 150.0 60.0 30.0 500.0 10.0 200.0 210.0 10.0 190.0 200.0 25.0 5.0 30.0 940.0 1222.0

learning day care centre/ childrens' activity centre

library

facility for children with working parents, offers afterschool skill-building activities

offers membership to local residents

admn./teachers' office activity room outdoor play area toilets total admn./librarians' office library reading room toilets total total + additional 30%

15.0 100.0 15.0 130.0 10.0 250.0 125.0 15.0 400.0 530.0 689.0 a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

March 06 2013

Thesis 2013

53

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

A4

provides meals for the day care and vocational centre students

kitchen storage food hall total total + additional 30%

75.0 25.0 300.0 400.0 400.0 520.0

auditorium foyer green rooms services total

400.0 40.0 25.0 35.0 500.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 500.0 650.0

cultural

auditorium

can be rented for cultural performaces

exhibition area public performace spaces public gathering space

A

institutional | 3 of

ancillary food hall/ mess

A5

at hauz-i-rani

outdoor exhibition spaces outdoor performance spaces open seating/ waiting areas

institutional 5% administrative offices

20%

vocational 38%

16%

learning ancillary

21%

cultural

total + additional 30% total

3237.0

administrative offices vocational learning ancillary cultural total

156.0 1222.0 689.0 520.0 650.0 3237.0

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

54

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

B B1

residential program notes hostel/ short-term rental facility hostel/ short-term rental facility

B

at hauz-i-rani

residential

for medical travellers and short-term rental to students

residential | 1 of 1

components admn. office dormitories x 8 rental units x 20 common toilets total total + additional 30% total

area 30.0 1200.0 250.0 50.0 1530.0 1530.0 1989.0 1989.0

Table 5, residential programme author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

55

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

C C1

commercial program retail

at hauz-i-rani

notes

components

retail shop 1 retail shop 2

C2

work spaces workshops and studios with attached shop

area

admn. office kitchen storage sitting area total admn. office kitchen storage sitting area total shop x 5

5.0 40.0 25.0 100.0 170.0 5.0 75.0 50.0 200.0 330.0 400.0

total shop x 6 total total + additional 30%

400.0 300.0 300.0 1200.0 1560.0

for long term rental. eg. ceramics and pottery, carpentry workshop x 5 / furniture, embroidery / tailoring total total + additional 30%

375.0 375.0 375.0 487.5

cafĂŠ

restaurant

commercial | 1 of

serves Afghani cuisine

Table 6, commercial programme author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

56

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

C3

at hauz-i-rani

services office total admn./ accounts office waiting area/ front desk examination room storage total admn./ accounts office open office lockers safes ATMs

real estate office

clinic

bank and ATMs

cycle rental stand pre-paid auto booth

C

commercial | 2 of

commercial

11% retail

21%

work spaces 68%

20.0 20.0 5.0 20.0 20.0 5.0 50.0 5.0 35.0 35.0 20.0 5.0 100.0 10.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 185.0 240.5

total office total office total total + additional 30% total

2288.0

retail work spaces services total

1560.0 487.5 240.5 2288.0

services

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

57

CHAPTER 4.0/ site information

Hauz-i-Rani

H

auz Rani is an urban village in New Delhi, surrounded by the affluent South Delhi neighbourhoods of Saket, Malviya Nagar and Panchsheel. Also nearby are other historical localties such as Khirki, Begumpur, Sheikh Sara’i and Chirag-i-Dehli. It has history dating back to the 12th century (Kumar, 1999).

The Malviya Nagar metro station nearby has meant that a large number of people use the inside streets as thoroughfare.

The village remains underdeveloped even as compared to others nearby (Khirkhi and Begumpur). The advent of the metro has made it more attractive, with higher rents and visibility but no infrastructural improvements.

Nearby is the fashionable commercial centre of Saket.

A popular pottery market faces the main Press Enclave Road and affluent Saket. This road and market thus act as a buffer between rich and poor.

Across the road are also the remains of the first city of Delhi: Prithviraj Chauhan’s Qila Rai Pithoda. There is now a public park and membership-ony golf course on the ruins.

site

Fig. 40, site location map author, based on (Google Inc., 2013)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

58

History metro

12th c. Hauz-i-rani reservoir constructed.

malls

13th c. Outside Qila Rai Pithoda walls. Site of major market established by Khilji.

saket

14th c. Outside Jahanpanah walls. Nearby Satpul dam regulates seasonal rivulets. Khirki Masjid built to the east indicates the presence of a substantial settlement.

Hauz gains spiritual significance, associated with the Sufi saints Nizam al-Din Auliya and Nasir al-Din Chiragh (Kumar, 1999).

malviya nagar bus depot khirki masjid islamic conquest

15th-20th c. Always remained a satellite town. General decline.

19th c. Hauz is no more than a seasonal swamp and a mango grove. Hauz Rani village established on ruined Jahanpanah walls. Significance of the Hauz is lost and reservoir site used as graveyard by the villagers (Kumar, 1999).

20th c. Some Muslim population leaves during Partition; influx of Jats and Punjabis in the peripheral area. Prominent Kumhar Basti or potters’ village established along southern periphery. Malviya Nagar, Saket, etc. founded on agricultural lands of Hauz Rani village. Development on the reservoir site.

Always a Satellite Town Hauz-i-Rani always remained outside the boundaries

hauz rani

Fig. 41, History of Hauz-i-Rani (Aggarwal, Bajaj, & Patankar, Hauz ki Kahaani: Bringing Back the Hauz, 2011)

of the various ‘Delhis’: perpetually a satellite town. Any change in the fortunes and location of the town had a direct impact on the settlement because of its economic dependence, thus Hauz-i-Rani went through cycles of urbanization and deurbanization (Kumar, 1999).

Societal Changes Traditionally a strong, inward looking Islamic community.

Most residents were service-folk who either worked in the city or provided its markets with produce or artisanal products. After independence and with the development of surrounding areas, there was economic and occupational change. Residents realized they were on the lower end of the spectrum (Kumar, 1999).

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

59

Fig. 42, site location map author, based on (Google Inc., 2013)

college

district park

temple malviya nagar

school delhi jal board

police station

geetanjali

DMRC office qila rai pithora

parking

site ~3 acres

khirki

school

malviya nagar

metro station hospital

khirki ext.

shivalik

gurudwara hauz rani

metro station

malls

press enclave road

hospital hospital

saket

district park school

a facility for progressive self-sufficiencysaket thesis 2013

60

The Site There are empty vacant plots of public land around the metro station, some of which has been occupied by the villagers. Close-by are other newly developed institutional complexes, such as a hospital (still under construction) and the Malviya Nagar Police Station.

The site is right next to the main metro station exits. It is public land and is assigned as institutional under the Zonal Development Plan of Zone F.

Fig. 43, Zonal Development Plan for

geetanjali enclave

hospital (proposed)

malviya nagar

shivalik

site ~3 acres

DMRC office

hauz rani

metro station

Fig. 44, site location map

auto bay

author, based on (Google Inc., 2013)

press enclave road saket

(Delhi Development Authority, 2010)

site area = 12,060 m2

= 2.9 acres

parking qila rai pithora

Zone F, South Delhi

saket

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

61

geetanjali enclave

parking M

DMRC office

malviya nagar

M

hospital (under construction)

shivalik gurudwara

assumed ROW

villager occupied land hauz rani

parking

grave M

auto bay

metro station

B

press enclave road qila rai pithora

M

saket pedestrian circulation vehicular circulation

2

5

10m

Fig. 45, site plan author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

62

1 2 3 4 1. Vacant land is used to park buses. Also acts as a playground for children and as a community space for women.

2. The back of Shivalik, Malviya Nagar and the gurudwara face the site.

3. The hospital is under construction. The path from the metro station is paved.

4. The site also acts as garbage dump and the walk from the metro station is not very pleasant.

Fig. 46, site images author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

63

1 2 3 4 1. The site also acts as garbage dump and the walk from the metro station is not very pleasant.

2. The site is about 700mm higher than the metro station and is separated from the suto-bay by a wall.

3. Pedestrians who go via the village use a set of steps to go through the site.

4. Althought many passersby now use the site and the village as thoroughfares, there is not much retail activity along the path.

Fig. 47, site images author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

64

Strengths

Weaknesses

Opportunities

Threats

excellent connectivity via public transport (bus and metro)

poor connectivity to residential colonies

located on the pedestrian circulation paths to and from the metro station

rapid gentrification of the urban village

located on a popular vehicular road high footfall on site of people from all kinds of socio-economic backgrounds strong residential character around the site near the district commercial centre minimal parking facility required

convoluted vehicular access to site the back of the Shivalik colony faces the site location is noisy and prone to traffic congestion solitary grave on edge of site restricts building near it irregular shape of site and unusual edges and corners

disconnected and leftover patches of open green land around the site

Table 7, Site SWOT, author

creation of expensive commercial outlets on site may exclude villagers

closed exit of the metro station onto site closed exit of Shivalik colony onto site different kinds and morphologies of residential neighbourhoods around the site limited and small-scale informal commercial activity on the edge of site leading to the urban village

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

65

CHAPTER 5.0/ DESIGN CUES

The way forward

T

he design is guided by certain constraints and vantages offered by the site, both a purely physical, contexual level and socio-economically. The metro station and the urban village both offer major cues, and so do the neighbouring residential colonies and unclaimed patches of green.

This intervention is not just limited to the immediate site but also necessarily extends to its surroundings in order to better integrate itself and to generate worthwhile change and developmet.

cues to design Âť

integration of multiple uses + creation of spatial heirachy

a holistic intervention The facility can not exist in isolation from its context. The intervention needs to reposnd to the physical and sociocultural cues on a larger scale, such as realising the potential of an abandoned metro exit, inaccessible green areas, and weak or unsafe pedestrian connectivity.

Facilities range from commercial retail and services to institutional office spaces and libraries to residential dorms. It is critical to achieve spatial planning such that the complex looks both outward and inward.

Fig. 48, cues to design author, graphics based on (The Noun Project)

interface with the metro station

interface with the village

Public and retail activities which need to generate income and remain visibly prominent to metro users and on the main road.

Village-centered facilities should be easily accessible and open. Villagers have to feel secure about the daycare centre.

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

66

vijay mandal district park aurobindo college

delhi jal board pumping station area of intervention

streetscaping + promenade conncecting district park and proposed park malviya nagar police station creation of public park around unused metro station exit and between site and parking car m park hospital site access and parking

create a public park linking all the small pockets of green and wooded areas around the site

enhance metro connectivity to surrounding neighbourhoods

site grave

m

make use of the closed metro exit

e

gurudwara

m

car park

development of abandoned park

hauz rani village

creater a safer walk along the road to aurobindo college

Fig. 49, holistic intervention author, based on (Google Inc., 2013)

auto bay

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

67

1 existing green spaces connected to form a larger, more accessible public park

the site

create direct linkage between the park and the main road / metro exit

2 buildings arranged to direct people along the main circulation paths link the two metro exits and the entries to the Shivalik and Hauz-i-Rani open space preserved around grave

Fig. 50, design cues author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

68

3 retail arranged along the main pedestrian circulation path and facing the metro and main road

4 village oriented activities arranged closer to the village on a more intimate scale to create a relatively private environment

Fig. 51, design cues author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

69

5 institutional activities arranged to direct visitor circulation create open spaces / courts which open and flow into each other

6 assumed vehicular right-ofway from side lane the multi-purpose hall and learning centre are closest to the vehicular drop-off

Fig. 52, design cues author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

70

7 the residential function is accomodated on upper floors over the institutional, overlooking the public park

Fig. 53, design cues author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

71

section B

Design translation

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

72

chapter 6.o/ design translation

Synthesis

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

73

a holistic intervention

the idea of the public park as the focal destination

establish strong pedestrian connections to

connect unused and inaccessible open green areas around the site to create a public park

1. both metro exits 2. Hauz-i-Rani (and so to Malviya Nagar) 3. Shivalik colony

The facility can not exist in isolation from its context. The intervention needs to reposnd to the physical and sociocultural cues on a larger scale, such as realising the potential of an abandoned metro exit, inaccessible green areas, and weak or unsafe pedestrian connectivity.

establish a strong vista / connection from the main road (and the popular metro exit) to the park establish another axis from the vehicular drop-off to the other major functions on site

Fig. 54, Design Concepts, author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

74

create defined open spaces along the main axis the idea of dedicated courts which lead onto each other and so act as both connectors and destinations

integration of multiple uses + creation of spatial hierarchy

1. entrance court 2. village court 3. people court 4. crafts court 5. retail court 6. food court

Facilities range from commercial retail and services to institutional office spaces and libraries to residential dorms. It is critical to achieve spatial planning such that the complex looks both outward and inward.

the pedestrian axis to the park splits the program into two distinct zones: 1. formal zone the multi-functional hall and the learning centre 2. informal zone retail, crafts and residential facilities

Fig. 55, Design Concepts, author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

75

the relationship between the open and built spaces is more important than the forms themselves the built form is kept simple and clean, so that it does not seem alien to the context built form follows a strong geometry and grid interconnected courts / open spaces multiple circulation paths cut across the site, leading to the public park and sports field

Fig. 56, Design Concepts, author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

76

Fig. 57, Fatehpur Sikri

Fig. 58 Gandhi Smarak Sanghralaya

Fig. 59, Bharat Bhavan

(Moretti, 2008)

(Godel, 2010)

(Godel, 2010)

Fig. 60, Figure Ground:

Fig. 61, Figure Ground:

Fig. 62, Figure Ground:

March 20, author

March 25, author

April 4,, author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

77

Fig. 63, Experiments with roof form, author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

78

white plastered brick walls

exposed concrete structural system

wood

glazed ceramic tiles

acrylic roof panels

inexpensive low maintenance

low maintenance

provides work to woodworking workshop

provides work to pottery workshop

allow diffused light in

movable wooden louvres

ceramic tile jaali

pergola

Safal Corporate House, Ahmedabad

India International Centre, New Delhi

India Habitat Centre, New Delhi

material board simple, uncomplicated materials which are low maintenance and longlasting.

Fig. 64, material board author, based on (Google Inc., 2013)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

79

chapter 7.o/ design development

Evolution

Fig. 64, Design Evolution (author)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

80

January 28 Sketch Design Pros clear demarcation of villager and public areas formation of private courts villager oriented activities towards the village

Cons loose spaces very inward looking spaces no connection or continuation of built form from the urban village

Fig. 65, Design Evolution (author)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

81

February 18 Design Development I Pros clear demarcation of villager and public areas, courts villager oriented activities towards the village

Cons loose spaces no connection or continuation of built form from the urban village absolutely wrong orientation

Fig. 66, Design Evolution (author)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

82

February 18 Pros clear demarcation of villager and public areas formation of private courts villager oriented activities towards the village attempt at continuation of built form from the urban village emphasis on public park and green linkages

Cons large spaces are held very loosely no direct connection to park from the main road / metro

Fig. 67, Design Evolution (author)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

83

March 06 Design Development II Pros clear demarcation of villager and public areas formation of private courts villager oriented activities towards the village attempt at continuation of built form from the urban village built form oriented along pedestrian circulation paths

Cons

public park

+550

kitchen +700

women’s centre +1650

+1500

+1500

sports centre

+700

audi/ hall

sports field / play round

+1650

library + comp. centre

+100

+550

retail +1650

+7 otte 00 ry

fo

villager occupied land

0 +165 RWA

hauz rani

large spaces are held very loosely no direct connection to park from the main road / metro no good vantage points weak “pulls� into the complex from the metro exit

p

+100

grave

ce nt re

l/

m es s

+1650

+250

+7 od 00 h al

audi drop-off

day care

+100

retail

+550

+700

retail

+70

0

Fig. 68, Design Evolution (author) retail +250

M

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

84

March 14 Pros clear demarcation of villager and public areas creation of courts villager oriented activities towards the village attempt at continuation of built form from the urban village built form oriented along pedestrian circulation paths

Cons large spaces are held very loosely no direct connection to park from the main road / metro no good vantage points weak “pulls� into the complex from the metro exit awkard, angular built form

Fig. 69, Design Evolution (author)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

85

March 18 Pros clear demarcation of villager and public areas villager oriented activities towards the village attempt at continuation of built form from the urban village built form oriented along pedestrian circulation paths

Cons loose spaces weak connection to park from the main road / metro no good vantage points weak “pulls� into the complex from the metro exit weak spatial hierarchy, all open spaces seem to be of similar scales scattered / fragmented spaces

Fig. 70, Design Evolution (author)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

86

March 18 Pros clear demarcation of villager and public areas villager oriented activities towards the village attempt at continuation of built form from the urban village built form oriented along pedestrian circulation paths

Cons

add model pic

loose spaces weak connection to park from the main road / metro no good vantage points weak “pulls� into the complex from the metro exit weak spatial hierarchy, all open spaces seem to be of similar scales scattered / fragmented spaces

Fig. 71, Design Evolution (author)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

87

March 20 Design Development III Pros clear demarcation of villager and public areas villager oriented activities towards the village creation of dedicated courts strong spatial hierarchy strong connection to park from the main road / metro

Cons weak “pulls� into the complex from the metro exit very rigid and formal geometry abrupt change from the morphology of the urban village scattered / fragmented spaces

Fig. 72, Design Evolution (author)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

88

Fig. 73, Design Evolution (author)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

89

Fig. 74, Design Evolution (author)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

90

Fig. 75, Design Evolution (author)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

91

March 25 Pros clear demarcation of villager and public areas villager oriented activities towards the village creation of dedicated courts spatial hierarchy strong connection to park from the main road / metro

Cons weak “pulls� into the complex from the metro exit courts do not flow into each other abrupt change from the morphology of the urban village

Fig. 76, Design Evolution (author)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

92

March 27 Pros clear demarcation of villager and public areas villager oriented activities towards the village creation of dedicated courts spatial hierarchy strong connection to park from the main road / metro built form oriented along pedestrian circulation paths

Cons weak “pulls� into the complex from the metro exit courts do not flow into each other abrupt change from the morphology of the urban village

Fig. 77, Design Evolution (author)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

93

Fig. 78, Design Evolution (author)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

94

April 04 Pros villager oriented activities towards the village creation of dedicated courts strong connection to park from the main road / metro built form oriented along pedestrian circulation paths

Cons loose spaces no clear vantage points from one court to the next weaker demarcation of villager and public areas weak “pulls� into the complex from the metro exit weaker spatial hierarchy

Fig. 79, Design Evolution (author)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

95

April 05 Prefinal Pros clear demarcation of villager and public areas villager oriented activities towards the village creation of dedicated courts spatial hierarchy strong connections to park from the main road / metro built form oriented along pedestrian circulation paths public park public park

Cons children playing area

people court -900

+1600

+150

mess

library +150

lecture / screening theatre +150

+150

admn. offices

reception +150

children playing area +1450

+150

crafts court +100

pottery centre

entrance court

vehicular drop-off

embroidery centre

wood-working centre

+150

+150

+150

+100

+100

sports field +150

foyer +150 food court

store

store

+150

cafe

kitchen

retail shop

retail shop

+150

retail shop +150

sports centre

crafts shop

+100

multi functional hall +150

+150

food outlet +150

+150

+150

+150

retail shop +150

retail shop +150

retail shop +150

RWA

+900

community services

+1650

+900

+150

Fig. 80, Design Evolution (author) food outlet

retail shop

food outlet

retail court +100

parking grave

+1600

village court +850

crafts centre pantry

courts can flow into each other better spaces can be streamlined weak formal expression

kitchen

retail shop +150

food outlet +150

retail shop +150

hauz rani

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

96

Fig. 81, Design Evolution (author)

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

97

chapter 8.o/ design

Portfolio

This thesis was largely process based. The author went through many iterations over the allotted 16 weeks, taking forward some ideas and perhaps discarding as many.

The final iteration of this process was presented to the internal and external jury members. The following pages contain images of the portfolio of sheets, drawings and models showcased.

Fig. 82, panel for internal jury author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

98

Fig. 83, concept / process sketches author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

99

Fig. 84, stage models (1:500) author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

100

India’s Urban Awakening

Urban Villages urban villages urbanized villages

93.2% 2001

No. of villages in Delhi

300

based on (Govt. of NCTD, 2009)

1991

165

industry, service, commerce and retail, household help

2001

urban villages generally lack basic civic amenities such as roads, access to potable water, health and sanitation.

The Evolution of an Urban Village 22% 1961

62% 2001

Urban villages are constantly changing and this process of evolution has a positive impact on the economic and social development of both the old villagers as well as new migrants.

based on (Govt. of NCTD, 2009)

Urban Growth Delhi

209

1961

Urban Area Delhi

these villagers -and so the villagelacks the funds required to facilitate these services

e

88.2% 1961

1974

1999

Economist Sanjeev Sanyal has distilled the evolution of urban villages to 4 critical stages and offers the following conclusions:

The process of adaptation depends on decades of steady investment by the owners.

villagers support and invest in their property, pay increased taxes and the village becomes prosperous

The Elusive Inclusive City The current model of development regards economic growth –GDP- as its only measure.

development with dignity

Most of the city’s public land is allocated towards commercial pursuits and is accessible to those who have economic purchasing power.

Public investment in the “commons” speeds up the development process.

is it possible to build a facility which may act as a catalyst towards the economic self-sufficiency and so overall development of urban villages?

to provide for education and vocational training centres that build skills and assets, allowing income to flow into the village in the long run to create low-level commercial activity which generates development but not rapid gentrification

to create a node to centre the development of the area around; generate public attention and thus infrastructural improvements

to create a viable public space near the metro station which is accessible to everyone and most useful for those living in its immediate vicinity

to create a platform via which local workers and employers can interact more productively and efficiently

to create short-term accommodation for local facilities and thus create a more active environment

to organize and champion the local crafts economy

a holistic intervention mess / food hall

potters’ collective

wood-working workshop

emboidery workshop

computer training centre

day care

integration of multiple uses + creation of spatial heirachy

interface with interface with the metro station the village

Project Programme built-up area library

hall / auditorium

exhibition + performace spaces

short term rental units

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

cafe and restaurant

at

hauz-i-rani new Delhi

retail / shops

workshops and studios

commercial office space

ProPosal

6795 m

2

A building or place that provides a particular service or is used for a particular industry Skilful performance or ability without difficulty

Project Challenges

Project Function

RWA + village community services

increased public investment in civic infrastructure leads to social, cultural and economic development

Available land near metro stations is generally used to accommodate high-rental commercial space. There are very few places where one can just wait, sit comfortably or “hang out.”

mixed use facility: institutional, commercial, residential

employement centre/ hiring agency

villagers learn new skills, become economically self-sufficient

because the village lacks basic facilities, villagers remain locked in an endless cycle of poverty and dependency.

Project Intent

(Chadchana & Shankar, 2012)

increase in cash in-flow to the village

public investment is directly proportional to the income level of the village.

primary sector agriculture and husbandry

existing pockets of old villages that are now surrounded by the infrastructurally advanced new urban developments.

Thesis Proposition

Cycle of Poverty & Dependency

Occupational shift

Urban Population Delhi

A tense of verbs used in describing action that is on-going Favouring or promoting progress

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency at

hAUz-i-rAnI new Delhi

Personal independence

Sufficient resources to provide comfort and meet obligations This thesis attempts to develop a feasible proposal for public land which

creates a node to centre the positive transformation of the area around

catalyses economic stability and thus infrastructural improvements

thesis 2013

school of planning and architecture, new delhi Thesis Guides / Prof. satish dabral, shri Anuj Mehta sTudio co-ordinATor / Prof. Aruna ramani Grover

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

does not leave anyone behind

01

Areas of research Architecture as catalyst for socio-economic change

3

1

l’arbrisseau Neighborhood centre, Lille, France

Integrated mixed-use developments

public institutions and architectural interventions as catalysts for economic selfsufficiency of urban villages and similar poorer city areas

multi-purpose mixed use centres which integrate various facilities (institutional, cultural, commercial and residential) and explore how they might support each other (economically and programmatically)

Urban catalysis shaped by the city

shapes its context

1779 m2

Vaghaldhara Vocational Training centre, Vaghaldhara, Gujarat

community centre

vocational centre

Trisca sociocultural center, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

Women’s centre, Rufisque, Senegal

600 m2

700 m2

community centre

women’s centre

institutional residential commercial

2885 m2 2215 m2 1695 m2

total site area FAR

6795 m2 12060 m2 0.56

administrative offices inst

vocational

140000 m2

vocational centre

33%

Z,ZmX

42%

25%

area distribution built up

cultural

inclusive integrated social space mixed-use

res

learning

multimodal transit station

catalyst is not a single end product but an element that impels and guides subsequent development A product better than the sum of the ingredients is the goal of each catalytic reaction

comm

Transbay Transit center, San Francisco, USA

Industrial Training Institute, Malviya Nagar, New Delhi

smaller elements—a building, a fragment of a building, a complex of buildings, or even a report or set of guidelines

single big, vast intervention can act as a catalyst

Area Program

Case Studies

near MRTS station

community development

vocational education

economic development

ancillary

open

26%

74%

2

Social Spaces

Third Place

z x c

Social Centres

Community centres

public locations where members of a community tend to gather for group activities, social support, public information, and other purposes. They may sometimes be open for the whole community or for a specialised group within the greater community.

buildings which are used for a range of disparate activities, which can be linked only by being not-for-profit. They might be organizing centers for local activities or provide a base for initiatives such as cafes, free shops, public computer labs, graffiti murals, legal collectives and housing for travellers.

first place : home

Case Study Inferences

Food and drink Highly accessible (walking distance)

second place : work-place third place : anchors of community life

Free or inexpensive

M

Involve regulars – those who habitually congregate there Welcoming and comfortable

The services offered are determined by both the needs of the community in which the social center is based and the skills which the participants have to offer.

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

W

Ray Oldenburg’s

creation of public gathering spaces/ inclusive social spaces near mass rapid transit stations

facilitate and foster broader, more creative interaction and are important for civil society, democracy, civic engagement, and establishing feelings of a sense of place

at

hauz-i-rani new Delhi

Both new friends and old should be found there.

research / area Program

COMMON SPACES all rooms open onto central atrium/ staircase/ central courtyard

short term rental units

ground coverage built open

SEGREGATED FUNCTIONS different functions on different floors, zoning of connected functions on adjacent floors SHADED SPACES the significance of semi-open verandas and shaded areas ACTIVE OUTDOOR SPACES provide food, shade, seating in outdoor spaces

22%

shops

FUNCTIONAL PARKS outdoor exhibition and performance spaces are integrated seamlessly into the public park

work spaces

INCLUSIVE catering to the local neighbourhood and outsiders

food

78%

open areas

thesis 2013

school of planning and architecture, new delhi Thesis Guides / Prof. satish dabral, shri Anuj Mehta sTudio co-ordinATor / Prof. Aruna ramani Grover

paved grass

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

02

hauz-i-rani / Malviya nagar metro

central secretariat

site area = 12,060 m = 2.9 acres

school

AIIMS

hospital DMRC office

site

metro

hauz rani road ss pre enclave

metro station

malviya nagar bus depot

saket

khirki masjid islamic conquest

district park

hauz rani

school

poor connectivity to residential colonies

located on the pedestrian circulation paths to and from the metro station

rapid gentrification of the urban village

convoluted vehicular access to site

disconnected and leftover patches of open green land around the site

the back of the Shivalik colony faces the site

creation of expensive commercial outlets on site may exclude villagers

geetanjali enclave

closed exit of the metro station onto site

location is noisy and prone to traffic congestion

closed exit of Shivalik colony onto site

solitary grave on edge of site restricts building near it

different kinds and morphologies of residential neighbourhoods around the site

irregular shape of site and unusual edges and corners

limited and small-scale informal commercial activity on the edge of site leading to the urban village

parking M

DMRC office

The back of Shivalik, Malviya Nagar and the gurudwara face the site.

The hospital is under construction. The path from the metro station is paved.

malviya nagar

M

hospital (under construction)

shivalik gurudwara

assumed ROW

villager occupied land hauz rani

parking Vacant land is used to park buses. Also acts as a playground for children and as a community space for women.

malls

hospital hospital

saket

excellent connectivity via public transport (bus and metro)

minimal parking facility required

school

gurudwara site

parking

qila rai pithora

malls

Threats

near the district commercial centre

shivalik

metro station

Opportunities

strong residential character around the site

khirki

geetanjali

Weaknesses

high footfall on site of people from all kinds of socio-economic backgrounds

khirki ext. malviya nagar

police station

Strengths

located on a popular vehicular road

temple

india gate

The locality is majority residential, and there has been recent institutional construction nearby.

Hauz Rani has a history dating back to the 12th century.

It is now located on prime property, right next to the metro station. Between the village and the metro station is a 2.9 acre vacant site.

district park

delhi jal board

The thesis site is chosen near the Hauz-iRani urban village and the Malviya Nagar metro station. It falls under the institutional land use as per the Zonal Development Plan.

2

college

connaught place

grave

The site also acts as garbage dump.

M

B

auto bay

metro station

press enclave road qila rai pithora

M

saket

pedestrian circulation vehicular circulation The walk from the metro station is not very pleasant.

The site is about 700mm higher than the metro station and is separated from the suto-bay by a wall.

Pedestrians who go via the village use a set of steps to go through the site.

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

at

hauz-i-rani new Delhi

Althought many passers-by now use the site and the village as thoroughfares, there is not much retail activity along the path.

sITe

and

2

5

10m

coNTexT

thesis 2013

school of planning and architecture, new delhi Thesis Guides / Prof. satish dabral, shri Anuj Mehta sTudio co-ordinATor / Prof. Aruna ramani Grover

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

03

site planning vijay mandal district park aurobindo college

1

delhi jal board pumping station

» existing green spaces connected to form a larger, more accessible public park malviya nagar police station

» the idea of the public park as the focal destination » connect unused and inaccessible open green areas around the site to create a public park

establish strong pedestrian connections to 1. both metro exits 2. Hauz-i-Rani (and so to Malviya Nagar) 3. Shivalik colony

site circulation

2

» buildings arranged to direct people along the main circulation paths » link the metro exits to Shivalik and Hauz-i-Rani » open space preserved around grave

hospital m m

a holistic intervention

pedestrian access to site vehicular access to site

m

3

m

the pedestrian axis to the park splits the program into two distinct zones: 1. formal zone

the multi-functional hall and the learning centre

» retail arranged along the main pedestrian circulation path and facing the metro and main road

area of intervention

2. informal zone

retail, crafts and residential facilities

» the idea of the public park as the focal destination

especially significant in an immediate context with few well maintained public parks

4

» the built form directs movement through the complex » degrees of “public”-ness of movement across the site

» village oriented activities arranged closer to the village on a more intimate scale to create a relatively private environment

1

2

e

3 4

metro

create a public park linking all the small pockets of green and wooded areas around the site

make use of the closed metro exit

determined by the built functions

shivalik

shivalik

sunken court

sunken court

5

» institutional activities arranged to direct visitor circulation » the multi-purpose hall and learning centre are closest to the vehicular drop-off

4 2

3

1

mess

crafts centre hall

» the residential function is accomodated on the north edge, overlooking the public park

creater a safer walk along the road to aurobindo college

at

hauz-i-rani new Delhi

sTraTegy

community

food

learning centre

mess sports field

womens’ centre

crafts centre

hall

community hauz rani

retail metro

6

crafts centre

crafts centre

food

public park sunken court

residential

learning centre

visitor centre

enhance metro connectivity to surrounding neighbourhoods

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

public park

retail

retail metro

press enclave road

public movement through the site along main axis

functions arranged to attract passers-by and generate interest

casual visitor movement along destination functions spaces progress from the public retail court to the crafts court and then the public park

thesis 2013

school of planning and architecture, new delhi Thesis Guides / Prof. satish dabral, shri Anuj Mehta sTudio co-ordinATor / Prof. Aruna ramani Grover

villager movement through the site along main axis

private, dedicated community, womens’, and childcare services near village court lead to other more public vocational functions

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

04

design development

integration of multiple uses + creation of spatial hierarchy

2

create defined open spaces along the main pedestrian paths 1

4

the idea of dedicated courts which lead onto each other and so

5

3

act as both connectors and destinations

6

1. entrance court 2. sunken court 3. food court 4. crafts curt 5. village court 6. retail court 7. people’s court / metro exit

7

KEy PRINCIPLES » defined spaces

» dedicated functions

» visual and perceptual connection / continuation

» shade and seating

formal expression SIMILAR SHAPES ORGANIZED VIA GEOMETRy TO CREATE COURTS AND AxES

» the relationship between the open and built spaces is more important than the forms themselves

» the built form is kept simple and clean, so that it does not seem alien to the context

» built form follows a strong geometry and grid

ARTICULATED STRUCTURAL SySTEM FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION INTEGRITy TO MATERIAL qUALITy

higher spaces for the learning centre

MATERIAL BOARD simple, uncomplicated materials which are low maintenance and long-lasting.

white plastered brick walls

inexpensive low maintenance

bamboo chik window screens local material and craft

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

buildings oriented north-south, minimal openings on east and west facades

repetitive elevational treatment for dormitory block

bamboo chik ceramic tile jaali conceals screens on south elevation service spaces controls sun penetration

expressed structural system

pergolas shade and define open spaces

low maintenance

local material and craft provides work to woodworking workshop

create interest and texture; allow the play of light and shadow.

higher spaces and skylights for workshops

exposed concrete structural system

bamboo chik

ELEVATIONAL ELEMENTS

slope reflects seating inside the lecture hall

at

glazed ceramic tiles

acrylic roof panels

provides work to pottery workshop

lets in diffused light while shading

glazed ceramic tile jaali

pergola

provides work to pottery workshop

lets in diffused light while shading

hauz-i-rani new Delhi

sTraTegy

thesis 2013

school of planning and architecture, new delhi Thesis Guides / Prof. satish dabral, shri Anuj Mehta sTudio co-ordinATor / Prof. Aruna ramani Grover

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

05

malviya nagar

parking

shivalik geetanjali enclave

M

M

hospital (under construction)

gurudwara public park

DMRC office

villager occupied land

parking hauz rani grave

M B

auto bay

qila rai pithora

press enclave road

M

saket

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

at

hauz-i-rani new Delhi

roof PlaN

1:500

thesis 2013

school of planning and architecture, new delhi Thesis Guides / Prof. satish dabral, shri Anuj Mehta sTudio co-ordinATor / Prof. Aruna ramani Grover

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

06

malviya nagar

parking

shivalik geetanjali enclave

M

M

hospital (under construction)

gurudwara

public park

play area

sunken court

DMRC office

play area

crafts court

sports field

villager occupied land

village court

parking retail court

hauz rani

grave

M B

auto bay

qila rai pithora

press enclave road

M

saket

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

at

hauz-i-rani new Delhi

sITe PlaN

1:500

thesis 2013

school of planning and architecture, new delhi Thesis Guides / Prof. satish dabral, shri Anuj Mehta sTudio co-ordinATor / Prof. Aruna ramani Grover

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

07

to METRO ExIT

to SHIVALIK COLONy

PUBLIC PARK OUTDOOR PLAy AREA (PAVED) +1450

SUNKEN COURT -1400

LEVEL +100

LEVEL +1600

DN

DN

K T

T

UP UP

LIBRARy +150 T

FOyER +150

T

OUTDOOR PLAy AREA (LAWN) +1450

T

T

LEVEL +100

UP

LEVEL +100

LECTURE/ SCREENING THEATRE +150 ADMN. OFFICE +150

ENTRANCE COURT +100

VEHICULAR DROP-OFF +/- 00

MESS +150

RECEPTION +150

FOyER +150

DN

FOOD OUTLET +150

T

FOOD OUTLET +150

CRAFTS COURT +100

POTTERy LEARNING STUDIO +150

WOMEN’S CENTRE +150

WOODWORKING LEARNING STUDIO +150

UP

SPORTS FIELD +1450

T DN UP T LEVEL +1600

UP

PANTRy

T

FOyER +150

T

FOOD COURT +100

T

LEVEL +100

UP

CAFÉ +150

K

T

CRAFTS SHOP +150

T UP

SHOP +150

SHOP +150

SHOP +150

SHOP +150

RETAIL COURT +100 VISITOR SERVICES +150

LEVEL +100

GRAVE +1600

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

hauz-i-rani new Delhi

VILLAGE RWA +150

SPORTS CENTRE +1650

SHOP +150 SHOP +150

SHOP +150 SHOP +150

SHOP +150 SHOP +150

UP

SHOP +150

SHOP +150

SHOP +150

SHOP +150

SHOP +150

SHOP +150 SHOP +150

LEVEL +100

T

T to HAUZ RANI

UP

LEVEL +1600

platforms for INFORMAL VENDORS

HAUZ RANI

SHOP +150

SHOP +150

UP

to METRO ExIT, PRESS ENCLAVE ROAD

at

SHOP +150 SHOP +150

CyCLE RENTAL

to BUS STOP

UP

COMMUNITy SERVICES +150

STORE

METRO PARKING

VILLAGE COURT +850

CRAFTS SHOP +/- 00

LEVEL +100

MULTIFUNCTIONAL HALL +150

STORE

CRAFTS CENTRE +150

FOOD OUTLET +150

platforms for INFORMAL VENDORS

groUND floor PlaN

thesis 2013

1:200

school of planning and architecture, new delhi Thesis Guides / Prof. satish dabral, shri Anuj Mehta sTudio co-ordinATor / Prof. Aruna ramani Grover

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

08

T UP DN

T

DORM +4350

UP DN

B

B COMP. CENTRE +4350 DAy CARE +3350

DN

DN

WOOD-WORKING CENTRE +4650

POTTERy CENTRE +4650

UP DN

T

T

UP DN

T RENTABLE STUDIO +3350

DN

DN UP

K

T

SHOP +3350

UP

RETAIL OFFICE +4850

RETAIL OFFICE +4850

RETAIL OFFICE +4850

SHOP +3350

DN

RESTAURANT +3350

SHOP +3350

SHOP +3350

SHOP +3350

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

at

hauz-i-rani new Delhi

SHOP +3350

SHOP +3350

fIrsT floor PlaN

SHOP +3350

SHOP +3350

SHOP +3350

thesis 2013

1:200

school of planning and architecture, new delhi Thesis Guides / Prof. satish dabral, shri Anuj Mehta sTudio co-ordinATor / Prof. Aruna ramani Grover

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

09

T UP DN

T UP DN

DORM +10950

B

B

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

at

hauz-i-rani new Delhi

ThIrD floor PlaN

thesis 2013

1:200

school of planning and architecture, new delhi Thesis Guides / Prof. satish dabral, shri Anuj Mehta sTudio co-ordinATor / Prof. Aruna ramani Grover

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

10

LEVEL +20500 LEVEL +17300 LEVEL +14100 LEVEL +10900 LEVEL +8800 LEVEL +7900 LEVEL +4700 LEVEL +1600

SOUTH ELEVATION

LEVEL +20500 LEVEL +17300 LEVEL +14100 LEVEL +11500 LEVEL +9300

LEVEL +5650

LEVEL +100

NORTH ELEVATION

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

at

hauz-i-rani new Delhi

eleVaTIoNs

1:200

thesis 2013

school of planning and architecture, new delhi Thesis Guides / Prof. satish dabral, shri Anuj Mehta sTudio co-ordinATor / Prof. Aruna ramani Grover

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

11

LEVEL +20500

LEVEL +11500 LEVEL +8800 LEVEL +8050

LEVEL +1600 LEVEL +100

WEST ELEVATION

LEVEL +20500

LEVEL +11500 LEVEL +8800 LEVEL +8050

LEVEL +100

WEST ELEVATION

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

at

hauz-i-rani new Delhi

eleVaTIoNs

1:200

thesis 2013

school of planning and architecture, new delhi Thesis Guides / Prof. satish dabral, shri Anuj Mehta sTudio co-ordinATor / Prof. Aruna ramani Grover

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

12

LEVEL +17300 LEVEL +17300

LEVEL +100

EAST ELEVATION

LEVEL +9750

LEVEL +5650

LEVEL +100

EAST ELEVATION

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

at

hauz-i-rani new Delhi

eleVaTIoNs

1:200

thesis 2013

school of planning and architecture, new delhi Thesis Guides / Prof. satish dabral, shri Anuj Mehta sTudio co-ordinATor / Prof. Aruna ramani Grover

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

13

1 2 3 4

public park +100 library +150 computer centre foyer +150

5 6 7 8

+4350

entrance court +100 foyer +150 multi-function hall +150 people court / metro exit

+100

3 1

2

4

5

6

7

8

SECTION AA

1 2 3 4 5

6 foyer +150 7 entrance court +100 8 lecture / screening theatre 9 storage +150 10 sunken court -1400

people court / metro exit +100 cycle rental stand +100 prepaid auto booth +100 delhi tourism information centre multi-function hall +150

+150

8 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

9

10

SECTION BB

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

at

hauz-i-rani new Delhi

secTIoNs

1:200

thesis 2013

school of planning and architecture, new delhi Thesis Guides / Prof. satish dabral, shri Anuj Mehta sTudio co-ordinATor / Prof. Aruna ramani Grover

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

14

1 2 3 4 5

public park +50 admn. offices +150 food outlet kitchen +150 food outlet counter +150 pottery workshop +4650

6 food court +100 7 shop +150 8 restaurant +3350 9 informal vendors 10 auto bay +/- 00

+100

5 8 1

2

3

4

6

9

7

10

SECTION CC

1 2 3 4 5 6

public park +150 toilets foyer +150 store / linen closet pottery learning centre +150 pottery workshop +4650

7 kitchen 8 rentable studio stace +3350 9 shop 10 restaurant +3350 11 informal vendors +100 12 auto bay +/- 00

2

4

2

4

2

4

2

4

2

1

3

6 7

8 5

7

7

9

10 9

9

11

12

SECTION DD

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

at

hauz-i-rani new Delhi

secTIoNs

1:200

thesis 2013

school of planning and architecture, new delhi Thesis Guides / Prof. satish dabral, shri Anuj Mehta sTudio co-ordinATor / Prof. Aruna ramani Grover

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

15

1 2 3 4 5

public park +700 mess +150 dormitory room crafts court +100 crafts shop +/- 00

6 retail court +100 7 shop 8 corridor +3300 9 informal vendors 10 auto bay +/- 00

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

+100

8 1

2

4

5

6

7 7

7

9

10

SECTION EE

1 2 3 4

public park +700 mess +150 dormitory room pottery learning centre

5 pottery workshop +4650 6 village court +850 7 informal vendors +100

+150

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

1

2

5

4

6

7 9

10

SECTION FF

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

at

hauz-i-rani new Delhi

secTIoNs

1:200

thesis 2013

school of planning and architecture, new delhi Thesis Guides / Prof. satish dabral, shri Anuj Mehta sTudio co-ordinATor / Prof. Aruna ramani Grover

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

16

1 library +150 2 sunken court

3 public park 4 playing area (paved)

-1400

1

+1450

3

3

4

2

SECTION GG

1 2 3 4 5 6

library +150 computer centre +4350 lecture / screening theatre foyer +150 dormitory reception +150 mess +150

+150

7 wash area +150 8 store +150 9 shower area 10 dormitory room 11 sports field +1450

9 2

10

10

10

10

10

10

9

3

1

4

5

6

7

8

11 10

SECTION HH

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

at

hauz-i-rani new Delhi

secTIoNs

1:200

thesis 2013

school of planning and architecture, new delhi Thesis Guides / Prof. satish dabral, shri Anuj Mehta sTudio co-ordinATor / Prof. Aruna ramani Grover

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

17

1 2 3 4 5 6

vehicular drop-off +/- 00 entrance court +100 food outlet kitchen +150 pottery training centre +150 pottery workshop +4650 crafts court +100

7 woodworking training centre +150 8 woodworking workshop +4650 9 women’s centre +150 10 day care centre +3350 11 sports field +1450

5

8 10

1

3

2

3

4

6

7

11

9

SECTION II

1 2 3 4 5

store +150 multi-functional hall food court +100 crafts court +100 crafts shop +/- 00

6 village court +850 7 RWA office +900 8 sports centre +1650 9 rentable office space +4850 10 playing area (lawn) +1450

+150

9 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

10

10

SECTION jj

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

at

hauz-i-rani new Delhi

secTIoNs

1:200

thesis 2013

school of planning and architecture, new delhi Thesis Guides / Prof. satish dabral, shri Anuj Mehta sTudio co-ordinATor / Prof. Aruna ramani Grover

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

18

1 cycle rental +100 2 shop 3 informal vendors

+100

1

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2 2

3 2

SECTION KK

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency

at

hAUz-i-rAnI new Delhi

secTIoNs

1:200

ThesIs 2013

school of PlaNNINg aND archITecTUre, NeW DelhI THESIS GUIDES / Prof. Satish Dabral, Shri Anuj Mehta STUDIO CO-ORDINATOR / Prof. Aruna Ramani Grover

Bhavika Aggarwal A/2004/2008

19

(top) Fig. 85, detail model of pergola

Fig. 86, context model (1:500),

(1:10), author

author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

120

Fig. 87, plan view, model (1:200), author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

121

Fig. 88, view from south-east, model (1:200), author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

122

Fig. 89, view from south-east, model (1:200), author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

123

Fig. 90, view from south-west, model (1:200), author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

124

Fig. 91, view from north-west, model (1:200), author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

125

Fig. 92, view from north-west, model (1:200), author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

126

Fig. 93, view from west, model (1:200), author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

127

(above) Fig. 94, view from south, model (1:200), author (far left) Fig. 95, view from south, model (1:200), author (left) Fig. 96, view from south, model (1:200), author

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

128

jury remarks

The external jury was underwhelming and, as a result, also fairly disappointing to the author.

The author spent a disproportionately long time explaining the thesis proposition and base, and so did not adequetly present the architectural manifestation of the same. The author also did not bring the jury’s attention to the full portfolio of drawings.

The jury remarked that, in general, the theses presented to them were tending to focus on socio-cultural issues rather than built form.

The jury also believed that the author was being perhaps too naive or idealistic in her beliefs, but that this might not necessarily be a drawback to the design presented.

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

129

bibliography

Aeschbacher, P., & Rios, M. (2008). Claiming Public Space: The Case for Proactive,

Attoe, W., & Logan, D. (1992). The Concept of Urban Catalysts. In American Urban

Democratic Design. In Expanding Architecture Design As Activism. Metropolis Books.

Architecture: Catalysts in the Design of Cities. University of California Press.

Aggarwal, B. (2012, January 10). The Elusive Inclusive City. New Delhi: School of

Bhaduri, A. (2006). Development with dignity: a case for full employment. Delhi:

Planning and Architecture.

National Book Trust.

Aggarwal, B., Bajaj, V., & Patankar, R. (2011, May 24). Hauz ki Kahaani: Bringing

Bhaduri, A. (2009). The Face You Were Afraid to See: Essays on the Indian

Back the Hauz. New Delhi: unpublished.

Economy. Delhi: Penguin India.

Aggarwal, B., Bajaj, V., Nair, A., Patankar, R., & Sood, V. (2012). By the People:

Carter, M. M. (n.d.). Architecture and Social Change in the Development Era.

Complexity in the Commonplace. Seminar 2012. New Delhi: School of Planning

International Sustainable Development .

and Architecture.

Census of India. (2011). Rural Urban Distribution of Population. Census of India.

Alexander, C. (1965, April - May). A City is not a Tree. Architectural Forum .

Chadchana, J., & Shankar, R. (2012, June). An analysis of urban growth trends ArchDaily. (2011). L’arbrisseau Neighborhood Centre / Colboc Franzen &

in the post-economic reforms period in India. International Journal of Sustainable

Associes. Retrieved February 18, 2013, from http://www.archdaily.com/152243/

Built Environment , pp. 36-49.

l%E2%80%99arbrisseau-neighborhood-centre-colboc-franzen-associes/ Colboc Franzen & Associes. (n.d.). L’arbrisseau Neighborhood Centre. Retrieved ArchDaily. (2012). Towada City Plaza / Kengo Kuma & Associates. Retrieved

February 18, 2013, from http://www.cfa-arch.com/

February 15, 2013, from http://www.archdaily.com/201250/towada-city-plazakengo-kuma-associates/

Compostela Architecture Program Spain. (n.d.). Compostelas 2. Retrieved February 19, 2013, from www.cainstitute.es

ArchNet. (2002). Women’s Centre. Retrieved March 3, 2013, from ArchNet: http:// archnet.org/library/images/thumbnails.jsp?location_id=10044

Datta, R. (2004). Territorial Integration: An Approach to address Urbanising Villages in the Planning for Delhi Metropolitan Area, India. 40th ISoCaRP Congress 2004.

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

130

Delhi Development Authority. (2010). Zonal Development Plan for Zone F (South

Kell, B., & Wakeford, K. Expanding Architecture: Design as Activism. Metropolis

Delhi I). Delhi: Delhi Development Authority.

Books.

Kengo Kuma and Associates. (n.d.). The Towada city plaza for social communication

Godel, A. (2010, October 18). Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya. Retrieved April 15,

(Proposal). Retrieved February 15, 2013, from http://kkaa.co.jp/news/the-towada-

2013, from Flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/doctorcasino/5468916844/

city-plaza-for-social-communication-proposal/

Goel, D. V. (2010). Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) System

Kumar, S. (1999). Perceiving ‘your’ land: neighbourhood settlements and the Hauz-i-

in India for Sustainable Development. Ministry of Human Resource Development,

Rani. In R. Layton, & P. J. Ucko, The Archaeology and Anthropology of Landscape

Government of India.

(pp. 161-176). New York: Routledge.

Google Inc. (2013). Google Earth. 7.0.3.8542.

Metropolis Continuing Education. (2010). Public-Interest Architecture. Retrieved February 15, 2013, from www.metropolismag.com/PDF_files/3587/BEL_10_08.

Government of NCTD. (2006). City Development Plan, Delhi. Delhi: Department

pdf

of Urban Development.

MIMOA. (n.d.). Social Centre A Trisca. Retrieved February 15, 2013, from mi Govt. of NCTD. (2009). Economic Survey of Delhi, 2008-09. Delhi: Government

modern

architecture:

http://www.mimoa.eu/projects/Spain/Santiago%20de%20

of the National Capital Territory of Delhi.

Compostela/Social%20Center%20A%20Trisca

Govt. of NCTD. (1962). The Master Plan of Delhi. New Delhi.

mjamisondesign. (2012, September 28). Women’s Centre. Retrieved March 03, 2013, from mjamisondesign: http://mjamisondesign.wordpress.com/2012/09/28/

Govt. of NCTD. (2001). The Master Plan of Delhi. New Delhi.

womens-centre-rufisque-senegal/

Habraken, N. (1998). Structure of the Ordinary: . Cambridge, Massachusetts,

Moretti, A. M. (2008, January). Fatehpur Sikri. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from

London: The MIT Press.

Flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/fafner/2348945323/

Hollmén- Reuter- Sandman Architects. (2002). Women’s Centre. Retrieved March 3,

Oldenburg, R. (1999). Third Places. In R. Oldenburg, The great good place: cafés,

2013, from Hollmén- Reuter- Sandman Architects: http://www.hollmenreutersandman.

coffee shops, bookstores, bars, hair salons, and other hangouts at the heart of a

com/p1_text.php?project_id=1

community. Marlowe.

Hollmén, S., Reuter, J., & Sandman, H. (2005). Jigeen yi mbooloo: Women

Pelli Clark Pelli Architects. (2012). Transbay Transit Centre. Retrieved March 11,

Together. People Building Better Cities, UIA Congress. Istanbul.

2013, from Pelli Clark Pelli Architects: http://pcparch.com/project/transbay-transitcenter-and-tower

Jaffrelot, C. (2012, July 14). The Sense Of A Community. Retrieved July 15, 2012, from www.outlookindia.com: http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?281642

Relph, E. (1976). On the Identity of Places. In Urban Design Reader.

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

131

Sahee. (2011). Bulembu Vocational Training Centre: Project Summary. Bulembu:

UTTIPEC. (2010). Transit Oriented Development (TOD): Policy and Implementation

Sahee.

Framework. New Delhi: Delhi Development Authority.

Sanyal, S. (2010, September 8). Villages that live in our cities. Business Standard .

UTTIPEC. (2010). Uses within 500m Influence Zone of MRTS as part of Transit

Singh, K. K., & Shukla, S. (2005). Profiling “Informal City” of Delhi: Policies,

Oriented Development Policy. New Delhi: Delhi Development Authority.

Norms, Institutions & Scope of Intervention. WaterAid India, Delhi Slum Dwellers Federation.

Verma, N. (2010, October 12). Urban Villages: Indian Scenario. Retrieved January 24, 2013, from Urban India: http://indiaurban.blogspot.in/2012/10/urban-villages-

Soni, A. K. (2011). Quality of Life in an Urban Village. Delhi: University School of

indian-scenario.html

Architecture and Planning, New Delhi.

VVTC. (2009, October 10). Vocational Training Centre at Vaghaldhara. Retrieved Srivastava, R., & Echanove, M. (2012, December 13). Is India Already Urbanized?

March

Retrieved January 6, 2013, from airoots: http://www.airoots.org/2012/12/is-india-

Vocational-Training-Centre-at-Vaghaldhara

3,

2013,

from

DocStoc:

http://www.docstoc.com/docs/13985946/

already-urbanized/ VVTC. (2013). Vocational Training Centre at Vaghaldhara. Retrieved March 3, 2013, Stephens, S. (2011, August). Hejduk’s Little-Known Jewel. Architectural Record .

from Vocational Training Centre at Vaghaldhara: http://www.v-vtc.org/

Talwar, P. P. (1997, June). Urbanization in India: Facts, Issues and Recommendations.

Asian Urban Information Centre of Kobe Newsletter No.27 .

Wikipedia. (2012). Bulembu. Retrieved March 11, 2013, from Wikipedia: https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulembu

The Museum of Modern Art, New York. (2011). Small Scale, Big Change: New Architectures of Social Engagement. Retrieved February 15, 2013, from http://www.

Wikipedia. (2013). Community Centre. Retrieved February 15, 2013, from http://

moma.org/visit/calendar/exhibitions/1064

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_centre

The Museum of Modern Art, New York. (2011). Small Scale, Big Change: New

Wikipedia. (2013). Mixed-use development. Retrieved February 24, 2013, from

Architectures of Social Engagement. Retrieved February 15, 2013, from http://www.

Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed-use_development

moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2010/smallscalebigchange/ Wikipedia. (2013). Social Centre. Retrieved February 15, 2013, from http:// The Noun Project. (n.d.). Retrieved January 12, 2013, from The Noun Project:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_centre

http://thenounproject.com/ Wikipedia. (2013). Third Place. Retrieved February 15, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.

Transbay Transit Centre. (2013). Transbay Transit Centre. Retrieved March 11, 2013,

org/wiki/Third_place

from Transbay Transit Centre: http://transbaycenter.org/ URBACT. (2011). CoNet’s Guide to Social Cohesion: Integrated Approaches in Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods. European Regional Development Fund.

a facility for progressive self-sufficiency thesis 2013

132