Dept. Of Architecture, School of Planning and Architecture Advantages: oPerfect N-S orientation o One-way continuous slab structure, extremely flexible interior spaces o Many areas are inherently comfortable
Embodied Energy of retrofitting,= 5,00,000 KWh Total Energy saved = 24,01,100 KWh Carbon Credits earned = 846
The building has not lived its full life, hence its embodied energy has still not been justified totally. Prematurely replacing it would be tantamount to wasting this energy.
High solar gain, specially on top floor
Disadvantages: o Compromise on comfort o Inefficient light fixtures, complicated switching system o Severe water-logging o Many unutilized spaces
Dense cluster of small spaces (staff rooms on 1st floor) – increase in heat value Canteen: Dingy and crowded Little natural light/ ventilation
Library: dusty, dim and hot
Severe waterlogging, no RWH
Spaces
3rd – 5th Floor
2 Lecture Halls + 5 Studios
2nd Floor
Library + Computer Center
1st Floor
Staff rooms + Office + Graphics Studio + Conference Hall
Ground Floor
Canteen + Auditorium + Workshop
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Retrofitting > Rebuilding
Embodied Energy of the building in 1965 = 29,01,100KWh = Embodied Energy of a new building today
RETROFITTING SPA, NEW DELHI
Electrical Energy consumed by the building today = 2,37,330 KWh/year
sheet 1 of 7
recycle|reuse|reassemble|renew
Year of Completion: 1965
IGBC GREEN DESIGN COMPETITION 2010
Style: Bauhaus, modern architecture
Financing the renovation o Need an initial one time investment of approx. Rs. 52,76,000 o Saving Rs. 6,97,500 per year on electrical expenditure o Payback time at 7% interest < 11 Years
Percentage of reduction =
44% Wind tunnels with turbines beneath generate electricity to power top half GI covering shades the roof (refer sheet 4) Windows on 1st & 2nd floor changed- double glazing for sound + heat insulation
Stirling engine and generator (refer sheet 6)
Increased roof insulation inside – coir foam
Renewal of plumbing system. More efficient fixtures
sheet 2 of 7
oTo minimize absolute waste by reassembling and hence, reusing o By using redundant building materials from the existing structure, to carry out the retrofitting o To use active energy generation technologies to passively reduce consumption oTo avoid using high quality energy for low quality tasks, to “not use a chainsaw to cut butter”[1] Wind towers ventilate top 3 floors (refer sheet 4) Replacement of old fittings with energy efficient fans and light fixtures Sandwich board Insulation layer on 2nd floor, (max. use of A/C: library, comp. lab) supported by a mild steel framework recycled from old windows
Biogas digester and CNG/biogas mixing tanks (refer sheet 6)
Shady trees to reduce heat gain in parked cars Solar powered outdoor lighting
Earth pipes to cool the bottom 2 floors
The table of REUSE material
source
application
bricks
1st floor faculty area Spill out- north gallery Brick sculptures
Wind tunnel structure
glass
Windows
1st floor partitions
Mild steel sections
Windows
Support for insulation layer
(refer sheet 3)
Underground RWH pit + grey water DEWATS plant, further cools earth pipes (refer sheet 6) [1] The analogy is borrowed from www.canadian architect.com
RETROFITTING SPA, NEW DELHI
o Using heat from stuffy canteen to power stirling engine, making it more comfortable oUsing naturally conditioned air, byproduct of wind turbine, to cool upper floors [refer sheer 4]
1,35,056KWh
o Long-term Sustainability o Optimum Comfort o Functional and Efficient space usage
recycle|reuse|reassemble|renew
Passive Reduction
The Idea
IGBC GREEN DESIGN COMPETITION 2010
Active Production
Electrical energy consumed after retro fitting =
replay
Our Goal: Net - Zero Energy
Reduction Strategies sheet 3 of 7
Air, surrounded by water, moves around baffles Ambient air catchers Air pressure vent; opens only when lift comes up
Overhead tank
Traction surface for Cog wheel
lift goes down
Vertical Kinetic energy of lift = Potential energy of pumped water
Elevator + Water Pump
Elevator Car
Counter weight
Water from UGT fills up
Pulley system With Piston
600 kg + 700 kg + (40% of 1200) kg = 1680 kg Wt. of lift car
Underground tank
Lift goes down Piston causes suction
Air vent closes Water valve opens
Wt. of water transported per round
Average occupancy of lift
Counterweight
Electricity for 2 pumps saved, by using the up-down motion of elevator Power consumed by elevator is unaffected as breaking force applied by the lift does not increase. Ball cock stops water flow after max. capacity is reached Pressure causes water to fill OHT
Lift comes up
Air Vent Opens Water valve closes
Pressure released
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Earth + Water
Underground Grey water + RWH tank, 4m deep
IGBC GREEN DESIGN COMPETITION 2010
Naturally conditioned air is directed into vents to cool 1st and ground floors
RETROFITTING SPA, NEW DELHI
Refer to sheet no. 7 for more
recycle|reuse|reassemble|renew
Lesser A/C’s, reduction Thermal in fan usage time Labyrinth
Production Strategies
Low heat gain, Less fans required
sheet 4 of 7
Vertical axis wind turbine for variable winds
Temperature and pressure differences induce movement Rotating turbine of helium (working gas) generates electricity
Ground-2nd Floor
Solar collector acts as heat source Earth pipes act as heat sink
Sun + Earth
To stirling engine [2] Exhaust fan pulls hot air over coils Coils filled with air/ liquid refrigerant
canteen
[Same technique used to tap heat from refrigerator and transfer to hotcase]
Harnessed STUDIO
Size Height 2m Diameter 1.4m
Natural
Central strip of high volume - low speed fans, for humid days [3]
3125Kwh X 8 Energy per Turbine
= No. of Turbines
25000Kwh/Year Total Power generated
The above values have been calculated for 245 days in a year,12hrs per day. Rated wind speed = 14m/s [4]
E= 40% (efficiency) x ΔT x c (specific heat) x m (mass) summers winters
76°c. 56°c.
solar collector + heat from the canteen
50°c 30°c
26°c. heat sink (earth pipes)
c= 5.1932 J/gK for helium as working gas; 24 cycles per second (24 Hz)
Summers: 47.36 kwh per hour x 10 hours/day Winters: 28.42 kwh per hour x 8 hours/day
114650 kwh per year
Stirling engine draws heat from canteen, thus making it more comfortable. The extra electricity produced on sunny days is stored in batteries for backup On overcast, windy days, balance is compensated by wind turbines. Vice- versa, on calm, sunny days.
replay
Wind
Wind towers direct the air into studios/ lecture halls after cooling, via exhaust fans
recycle|reuse|reassemble|renew
IGBC GREEN DESIGN COMPETITION 2010
3rd-5th Floor
Prevalent winds from North west
RETROFITTING SPA, NEW DELHI
Gutter for RWH
GI sheet roof to heat inside air and create low pressure, shades 5th floor
[2] Sterling Engines is custom-made, easy to manufacture [3] model – Isis, Big Ass fans ® , dia 2540mm [4] Figures have been quoted from the brochure of Turby ® wind turbines
Changing Spaces
Printing/ photocopying
Air-movement through ventilators
sheet 5 of 7
Pump room size reduced
Exiting spill out retained
More open and ventilated canteen
Gentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s toilet
kitchen
Staff bath
Electricity consumption
Larger spaces, permeable walls = sharing of energy Proper placement of objects makes for efficient usage of space and resources More efficient electrical fixtures further reduce consumption.
Staff Area
Canteen
N
Flooded with South sunlight, excellent work atmosphere
Staff Cubicles; Cooled by earth pipes, sharing of light Present Stone wall provides excellent insulation
Conference Hall ; rarely used, hence lesser natural light
N
Staff Toilets
Recycled double glass partitions made from old window panes
General Staff Store Room; privacy from main corridor
Ladyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Common Room toilet
Shelves placed perpendicular to the window for maximum light penetration
A/Cs to be used, so that windows can be kept close, no dust!
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Present
Residential area for canteen staff shifted inside
replay
Shaded spill out for summers
IGBC GREEN DESIGN COMPETITION 2010
Ventilation and Natural Light
RETROFITTING SPA, NEW DELHI
Elevator
Reading room also converted into library, with seating interspersed
N
Library
Waste and Water Management Biogas digester plant
Kitchen waste + organic waste + paper waste + black water
Prognostic CNG consumption
= 349 m3 /month 3490KWh
Biogas/ CNG mixing tank
Biogas + CNG Used as Kitchen fuel Piped CNG from nearby Indraprastha Gas CNG Petrol Pump
Waste generated per day - Kitchen: 20-25 Kg - Organic: Approx 25Kg - Paper: Approx. 4 Kg - Black Water: 600 Litres Existing LPG consumption 4000 Kwh
Overhead Tank
Rain water collected by GI sheets Collection tank for time-lag
Pumped up by elevator
Grey Water Rainwater Fresh Water
Dewas Filter
Reusing Rain Waster And Grey Water
22 cylinders/month = 321Kg
Treated Grey Water
Underground Tank (Freshwater)
Existing freshwater consumption
27000 Litres/Day 48,60,000 Litres/Year
Supply from MCD
Grey water bought:
Approx. 6000 Litres/Day Grey water generated :
25,500 Litres /Day
2-6 mm 6-12 mm
Rainwater potential from roof:
2,48,500 Litres/Year
12-20 mm
Dewas Filter Diameter =140mm Length =1.2m
DEWATS For grey water + Rainwater on Paving Treated grey water for watering plants etc.
RETROFITTING SPA, NEW DELHI
sheet 6 of 7
Slurry mixing tank
recycle|reuse|reassemble|renew
510 Kwh
IGBC GREEN DESIGN COMPETITION 2010
m3/month
replay
Replacing LPG with a mixture of Biogas and piped CNG
Biogas produced : 85
Energy Audit
70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
1,39,650 KWh
80%
1,35,056 KWh
90%
ENERGY CONSUMED ENERGY GENERATED
consumption for 9 months (reducing 25%)
STIRLING ENGINE WIND TURBINES KITCHEN APPLIANCES ELEVATOR LAPTOPS PLOTTERS and PHOTOCOPIERS WORKSHOP and LAB TOOLS MISC. LIGHTS EXAUST FANS COMPUTERS and PROJECTORS AC UNITS TUBE LIGHTS FANS
*All data as per audit carried out by SPA students, 3rd year section A, from 09.08.2010 to 24.08.2010
What we didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t do, and why Use solar panels. Not sustainable, tough to dispose, high initial costs and embodied energy.
Produce electricity from biogas. On this relatively small scale, energy production is unviable and too expensive in the long run. The costs far outweigh the benefits.
Compensate for LPG consumption by producing more electricity Using electricity to cook, i.e. heat, is a waste of a high quality source for a low quality task. The efficiency is very low.
Introduce structural changes/ renovation Achieving zero energy with min. interference, embodied energy costs
RETROFITTING SPA, NEW DELHI
44% 44%
recycle|reuse|reassemble|renew
100%
322782.54 180074.70 142707.84 237330.91 135056.03 107030.88
IGBC GREEN DESIGN COMPETITION 2010
ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND GENERATION
sheet 7 of 7
replay
Existing no. of Fittings/Appliances fittings Fans 269 New Fans 8 Tube Lights 665 New Tube lights 10 A/C units 36 New A/C units 6 Computers 254 Exhaust Fans 28 New exhaust fans 4 Ceiling lights 105 Outdoor Lighting 23 LED flood lights 2 jigsaw 1 Drilling machine 1 Crushing machine 1 Stretching machine 1 Concrete mixer 1 plotters 2 Photocopiers 2 laptops 200 New laptops 100 projectors 2 elevator 1 Water Pump 1 Refridgerators 2 Hot case 1
Summer Winter reduced Percentage existing reduced existing reduced Power Reduced Reduction in Reduction in No. of No. of hours of No. of No. of hours of Power Power Power reduced No. of hours of hours of usage/ hours of hours of usage/ existing Power consumed Existing Power consumed per per hour consumed/ consumed/ consumed/ consumed/ no. of fittings usage/ usage/ week usage/ usage/ week (Watts) year (KWh) year (KWh) year (KWh) year fittings reduced week week reduced week week reduced hour (Watts) 36906.80 12642 24264.80 66% 172 97 49 35 14 0 0 0 80 60 823.20 588 235.20 29% 8 0 49 35 14 0 0 0 60 60 49329.28 11209.2 38120.08 77% 665 0 28 7 21 42 21 21 52 28 1391.60 678.2 713.40 51% 10 0 91 42 49 105 56 49 28 28 84672.00 49392 35280.00 42% 28 8 42 42 0 0 0 0 1600 1200 14112.00 13230 882.00 6% 6 0 56 56 0 0 0 0 1200 1200 55473.60 55473.6 0.00 0% 254 0 21 21 0 21 21 0 200 200 2216.80 1705.2 511.60 23% 28 0 28 28 0 14 14 0 65 50 439.60 2903.6 -2464.00 -561% 34 -30 56 42 14 14 14 0 50 50 24460.80 289.8 24171.00 99% 105 0 56 1 55 56 2 54 40 40 8919.40 0 8919.40 100% 23 0 70 70 0 84 84 0 100 0 480.50 480.5 0.00 0% 2 0 77 77 0 77 77 0 60 60 3 104.00 104 0.00 0% 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 2000 2000 26.00 26 0.00 0% 1 0 0.5 0.5 0 0.5 0.5 0 1000 1000 11.70 11.7 0.00 0% 1 0 0.1 0.1 0 0.1 0.1 0 2250 2250 13.52 13.5 0.02 0% 1 0 0.1 0.1 0 0.1 0.1 0 2600 2600 23.40 23.4 0.00 0% 1 0 0.2 0.2 0 0.2 0.2 0 2250 2250 1248.00 1248 0.00 0% 2 0 30 30 0 30 30 0 400 400 4992.00 4992 0.00 0% 2 0 40 40 0 40 40 0 1200 1200 5616.00 5616 0.00 0% 200 0 6 6 0 6 6 0 90 90 1872.00 1872 0.00 0% 100 0 4 4 0 4 4 0 90 90 468.00 468 0.00 0% 2 0 15 15 0 15 15 0 300 300 14560.00 12740 1820.00 13% 1 0 35 35 0 35 35 0 8000 7000 7758.40 0 7758.40 100% 1 0 20 20 0 20 20 0 7460 0 4368.00 4368 0.00 0% 2 0 140 140 0 140 140 0 300 300 2496.00 0 2496.00 100% 1 0 40 40 0 40 40 0 1200 0