1933 - 1945
H O L O C A U S T
Hitler at a rally
IN THIS MAGAZINE YOU ARE GOING TO LEARN ABOUT THE CONCENTRATION CAMPS THE JEWS WERE PUT IN, THE GAS CHAMBERS, AND ADOLF HITLER
Hannah Dubinsky A block
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INTRODUCTION The Holocaust was a horrible time in Europe where Jewish people were put in concentration camps, mistreated, and killed by Adolf Hitler to create a “pure” race.
HOLOCAUST
CONCENTRATION GAS CHAMBERS CAMPS
ADOLF HITLER
The concentration camps is where the Natzi put the Jews in as prisoners.
Adolf Hitler was the leader of the Natzi Party who tried to get rid all the Jews.
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The gas chamber was a room that the Nazis used for killing people they didn’t like with gas.
The Concentration Camps On a regular morning in a concentration camp the Jews would wake up at 4 am by the person in charge of the work team. They had to make their straw mattress military style, with their blankets perfectly over the straw mattress. Doing that was almost impossible do, but it was mostly just for the opportunity for the person in charge to beat the prisoners. After, they only had a few minutes for hundreds of prisoners to wash themselves. Their food for the day was 10 ounces of bread and some coffee. The coffee was black and was tasteless, with no sugar or milk. That was their only food for the day, so they had to save it throughout the day. When the Jews were getting their food, the guards push them and through the prisoners food on the ground or in the mud. If they didn’t eat it, they would get punished for wasting food. The Jews had to work with their
been beaten up or killed because they couldn’t work as fast as the guards wanted them to. They worked 12 -14 hours a day, doing mostly useless work. All of their work had to be done as fast as they could and with insults and being beaten. If the Jews didn’t look like they were working fast enough, the guards would beat he prisoners, sometimes until they died. If a prisoners slowed down or stopped working, it was considered sabotage and that meant death. When they were working , if someone fainted, the guards would beat them. After if they can’t rise, the person would be kicked and brought back to the camp. Life was very hard for the Jews in the concentration camps. We don’t know exactly, but some scientist estimated about 3 million Jewish people died in the concentration camps in total. That’s about half the amount of Jews that died in all, during that time.
hands. That could cause them to have
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THE CAMPS
The Gas Chambers
GAS CHAMBERS
A gas chamber is a room that the Nazis used for killing people with gas. The gas is either poisonous or it causes the person to choke. What happened was a person was put in the gas chamber and strapped down. The door would seal airtight and the gas was put into the chamber, causing the person to die. During the Holocaust the gas chambers were very popular to the Nazis. They used them to kill Jews, Gypsies, and any other people that they did not like. The Nazis found that gas chambers were a more cost eective way to kill the Jews. They would try to fit as many Jews as they could in the gas chamber at one time because it increased eďŹƒciency and it made them die faster.
The former gas chamber in New Mexico State penitentiary, used only once in 1960 and later replaced by lethal injection.
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The Nazis killed a lot of Jewish people. The four biggest gas chambers could hold about 2,000 people at one time. In the largest concentration camp, as many as 6,00 Jewish people were killed each day. The gas chambers were a very harsh, long, and painful way to die. It had killed many people. A federal court in California found that the gas chamber was a cruel and unusual punishment. The last use of one was on March 3, 1999.
Adolf Hitler
ADOLF HITLER
Adolf Hitler was born in Braunau am Inn, Austria on April 20, 1889. Hitler fought in world war l as a corporal. After he started to involve himself in political activity helping start the German’s worker party, later becoming the Natzi party. Hitler used his hate of Jews to help him rise to power. In January 1933 Hitler became Chancellor. He
Hitler as a baby
later ordered all resources and man power he could find, to get rid of all the Jews in concentration camps. In May 1945 Hitler committed suicide along with his wife. Hitler made a lot of Jews and many other people suer. Because of Hitler, about 11 million people had died in all. It was a very terrible time for millions of people living and people who died during the holocaust.
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Dear Hannah, I am writing to you because I have a problem. I was sent away from my family for what was supposed to be 2 months at the most, so they could get papers so we could leave the country. It has now been many more months and they still haven’t come back for me. The people I’m staying with are getting suspicious and might not let me stay with them anymore. What should I do, try and find my family? Sincerely, Katarina Answer: Dear Katarina, That sounds like a very tough situation you are in. I think a good option would be to stay with the people you are with. If it comes to a point where they don’t allow you to stay with them, then maybe try to find your family. A good way to start is to try to find your way back to your home they might be there. One thing you have to know even though it’s tough, don’t get your hopes up because if you do and you can’t find them, then it will be much harder on yourself. Sincerely, Hannah
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Works Cited "Adolf Hitler Video." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2015. <http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/the-holocaust/videos/adolf-hitler>. I used this website learn about Adolf Hitler. "Auschwitz." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust Memorial Council, n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2015. <http://www.ushmm.org/outreach/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007718>. I used this website to find out about the gas chambers the Nazis used during the Holocaust. "Gas Chamber." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_chamber>. I used this website to learn about how the gas chambers were used and what were they for. "Holocaust Gas Chambers." Holocaust Gas Chambers. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2015. <http://www.hitlerschildren.com/article/638-holocaust-gas-chambers>. I used this website to learn about the gas chambers. "Just a Normal Day in the Camps." Just a Normal Day in the Camps. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2015. <http://www.jewishgen.org/ForgottenCamps/Camps/DayEng.html>. I used this website to find out information about what a day was like for Jewish people in a concentration camp during the Holocaust. "Methods of Execution: Gas Chamber." Methods of Execution: Gas Chamber. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Apr. 2015. <http://deathpenaltycurriculum.org/student/c/about/methods/gaschamber.htm>. I used this website to learn more information about the gas chambers during the Holocaust. [7]
Lexicon Organizer
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Choose 20 words from your bookmark that BEST REFLECT the historical time period in which your bo ORGANIZE the words in ALPHABETICAL ORDER!!!
Word
Part of Speech
Definition (in context with the story)
(noun, verb, adj)
Sentence from book & Page #
1. Apprentice
Noun
Someone who is learning a trade from a skilled employer, having agreed to work for a fixed period at low wages.
(101) “ ‘Hey, Kubo,’ I hear the blacksmith calling his apprentice.”
2. Auschwitz
noun
A concentration camp in Auschwitz, Nazi Germany
(257) “She continued to wait even after learning that Aunt Lena had died of typhoid fever in Auschwitz.”
3. Blacksmith
Noun
Someone who makes and repairs things with iron by hand.
(101) “ ‘Hey, Kubo,’ I hear the blacksmith calling his apprentice.”
4. Brandy
noun
A hard liquor.
(211) “If only I could be with him, I’d rub them till they tingle with warmth, I’d kiss the snowflakes off his eyelids, I’d make him tea with cinnamon and brandy ”
5. Lantern
Noun
A lamp with a transparent case protecting (61) “As far as I can see, lanterns the flame or electric bulb, and typically flicker on footpaths cleared between having a handle by which it can be carried walls of snow.” or hung.
6. Mortar
Noun
a cup-shaped receptacle made of hard (11) “ ‘Can you reach the mortar and material, in which ingredients are crushed pestle’ ”
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Lexicon Organizer
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Choose 20 words from your bookmark that BEST REFLECT the historical time period in which your book ORGANIZE the words in ALPHABETICAL ORDER!!! or ground, used especially in cooking or pharmacy. 7. Orava River
noun
A 38 miles long river in north-western Slovakia.
(26) “It’s about the Orava River and the mountains I see from my window.”
Th ch
8. Peasants
noun
A peasant is a member of a traditional class of farmers, either laborers or owners of small farms.
(122) “Bundled in sheepskin jackets and shawls, the peasants scurry down the footpaths between the wooden fences.”
W an th
9. Pestle
noun
A heavy tool with a rounded end, used for (11) “ ‘Can you reach the mortar and crushing and grinding things pestle’ ”
P an
10. Petticoat
noun
A woman's light, loose undergarment hanging from the shoulders or the waist, worn under a skirt or dress.
W an
(50) “He kicks and fails while his big sister tries to wipe his face with her petticoat.”
11. Saint Stephen noun
Saint Stephen is known as the first martyr (40) “When Aunt Lena has a of Christianity. headache, I pray to Saint Stephen for her.”
C S
12. Scarlet fever
noun
An infectious bacterial disease affecting (5) “I don’t have scarlet fever.” especially children, and causing fever and a scarlet rash.
It he
13. Scroll
noun
A roll of parchment or paper for writing or painting on.
(123) “He pulls out a scroll, unrolls and holds it as far as his short arms will stretch.”
It ar
14. Shepherd
noun
Someone who tends and rears sheep.
(101) “ ‘Bring out the slivovitz for the
It
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Lexicon Organizer
TYPE YOUR TIME PE
Choose 20 words from your bookmark that BEST REFLECT the historical time period in which your book ORGANIZE the words in ALPHABETICAL ORDER!!! shepherd.’ ” 15. Sickle
noun
A short-handled farming tool with a semicircular blade, used for cutting grain, lopping, or trimming.
(107) “Bent low over their sickles, P they move slowly up the pasture side b by side, gossiping.”
16. Slovakia
noun
A country in Europe
(back of book) “It is 1942, and T eight-year-old Katarina’s carefree life ch in Slovakia is about to change.”
17. Typhoid fever
noun
An infectious bacterial fever with an eruption of red spots on the chest and abdomen and severe intestinal irritation.
(257) “She continued to wait even after learning that Aunt Lena had died of typhoid fever in Auschwitz.”
It h
18. Washboard
noun
A board used to wash clothes as a surface against which to scrub them.
(11) “ ‘Where is the washboard?’ ”
T
19. Witch
noun
Someone that is believed to have magical (92) “Old Krasovka, you horrid powers. witch!”
M th b
20. Work camp
noun
A camp where labor work is done.
N co b
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(129) “They might send you to a work camp.”