AtmosPower is a leader in adsorption technology with expertise in making Gas Dehydration, Separation and Upgradation systems for Biogas, Syngas, Landfill Gas, Producer Gas, Natural Gas, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Methanol, and any other organic solvents.
In addition to these systems, after supplying more than 110 Biogas Upgradation systems for CBG plants across Asia, Atmos Power is considered to be the leader of this technology in the Indian Market.
Features of Atmos Power's Patented Biogas Upgradation Technology
• Methane Recovery Rate > 99%
• Lowest Power Consumption in the Industry
• Custom-tailored for all your requirements
• Plug & Play
• 50% + Turndown Ratio
• Remote Control & Monitoring Possibility
• Low Maintenance
• CO2 Recovery Possible
• Independently Developed Adsorbents
Atmos Power Pvt Ltd.
Plants for Natural Gas, Landfill Gas, Syngas, and H2
For any queries, please contact us (+91)-6358768268
• Unit I C/1, 39/3B & 39/8B, Phase-III, Naroda GIDC Ahmedabad
• Unit - II MSME, Plot No. 4, Sanand - Industrial Estate, Chharodi • Unit - III E232, Sanand - Industrial Estate, Chharodi
• Unit - IV D/54/B Diamond Park, Naroda GIDC, Ahmedabad • Unit - V 31, Phase-1, GIDC Naroda, Ahmedabad
Atmospower.in
SEPUR AN® GR EEN - 1,000 reference plant for efficient biogas upgrading
12 16 26 36 30
Customized CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) cascades Developed by CONFIDENCE
22 Implementation of VSA Technology for Biogas Upgradation Success Story by Thermax Biogas Distribution The new growth bottleneck
In conversation with Mr. Ravi Kaushal
Floating Dome Biogas Plant Integrated with Solar Module at RGIPT, Jais
40
How Green, Green Technology Is! The Imperative for Standardization in India's Bio-CNGSector: Navigating Challenges, Embracing Solutions
The Importance of Biogas and Biomethane as Renewable Energy Sources
“Dear Readers and esteemed members,
Happy New Year!
Welcome to this edition of the Biogas Magazine! The issue contains compelling and interesting articles authored by prominent specialists in the biogas industry. These articles intend to furnish our readers with important insights and comprehensive knowledge, rendering it a genuinely enriching experience.
We are thrilled to announce two exciting events that the Indian Biogas Association will be organizing in 2025. First, we are organizing the BBB Summit & Expo on 8th-9th May, 2025, at Le Meridien, New Delhi, India. This premier event promises to be a knowledge-centric conference featuring prominent stakeholders, including representatives from key ministries, to discuss and drive advancements in the bio-energy sector.
For the southern region of India, we are delighted to introduce the Bio-Energy Pavilion at RenewX Expo. This significant initiative will take place from 23rd -25th Apr 2025, at the Chennai Trade Centre, Chennai, India. It marks the Indian Biogas Association's focused effort to promote bio-energy in southern India, fostering growth and awareness in this vibrant region.
As the world pivots toward a greener future, renewable energy sources like biogas and biomethane are emerging as critical pillars of sustainability. These solutions not only provide cleaner alternatives to conventional fuels but also offer pathways to energy independence and economic resilience. However, the road to widespread adoption is not without its challenges. This edition of our magazine delves into the multifaceted aspects of this sector, examining the hurdles, innovations, and opportunities shaping its growth.
One of the significant barriers to progress lies in the distribution infrastructure, which must evolve to meet the growing demand for renewable fuels. Addressing this challenge is vital to bridging the gap between production and end users. On the innovation front, advancements in customized energy solutions are reshaping the way compressed natural gas and biogas are stored and transported, making them more accessible and efficient for diverse applications.
Chief Editor: Dr. Savita Boral
Editors: Abhijeet Mukherjee, Gaurav Kumar Kedia
Copy Editor: Mansha Tejpal, Dr. K. Rohit Srivastava, Lakshey Sehgal
The “Indian Biogas Association” (IBA) is the first nationwide and professional biogas association for operators, manufacturers and planners of biogas plants, and representatives from public policy, science and research in India.
The association was established in 2011 and revamped in 2015 to promote a greener future through biogas. The motto of the association is “propagating biogas in a sustainable way”.
Happy Digesting!
Technological breakthroughs in biogas upgradation have demonstrated the transformative potential of innovation in enhancing fuel quality and utility. Yet, as this sector matures, the need for standardized practices and cohesive policies becomes increasingly apparent to ensure consistency and reliability. Together, these discussions reflect the dynamic and evolving landscape of renewable energy, underscoring the importance of collaboration and innovation in creating a cleaner, greener world.
The Indian Biogas Association extends heartfelt gratitude to our readers for staying connected and fostering the growth of our ever-expanding ecosystem. We wish everyone a great and impactful year ahead.
Dr. A. R. Shukla President
Indian Biogas Association
Steverding Agitator Technology
Steverding Agitator Technology is an expert in agitators. High technology is expected today at all levels of power generation. Steverding Agitator Technology can boast more than 20 years of experience in the manufacture of agitators. The continuous optimization and analysis of our products together with constant technical innovation show best results. Today, we are partners and system component suppliers of leading biomass facility manufactures in Germany, France, United Kingdom, Lithuania and many other countries.
This is our current range of agitators from Steverding Agitator Technology:
IBA's Commitment to Advancing Industry Prospects for Biogas/Bio-CNG
- Period: October '24 - December '24
Indian Biogas Association Advocates Several Critical Steps to Combat Delhi's Pollution
The Indian Biogas Association (IBA) has called for the implementation of the several critical steps in Delhi NCR to mitigate air pollution and encourage a shift toward electric and compressed biogas (CBG) or natural gas vehicles. This suggestion aligns with GRAP 4 measures, which enforce the rule when the air quality index (AQI) exceeds 450.
Currently, GRAP 3 measures are in place as the AQI remains in the "severe" range, as reported by the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM).
IBA Chairman Gaurav Kedia emphasised the prospective benefits of such measures. He recommends implementing these in the forthcoming months would result in a significant reduction in air pollution levels in Delhi such as subsidies for electric vehicles and CNG/CBG vehicles, thereby incentivizing citizens to
transition to more environmentally friendly fuel choices.
Air pollution in Delhi exacerbates throughout winter, frequently resulting in AQI readings over 300. This ongoing problem has positioned Delhi among the most polluted cities worldwide. Although crop residue combustion from adjacent states exacerbates the issue, it constitutes but one aspect of a wider array of pollution sources. Mr Kedia highlighted the importance of government incentives, such as lower electricity bills, subsidized PNG connections, and affordable LPG cylinders for households practising effective organic waste segregation. He added that this approach will produce clean energy from biomass and contribute to the reduction of landfill garbage.
He also pointed out that the upcoming budget should include substantial allocations to meet the target of processing 85% of Delhi’s waste within the next five years. Organic waste, which makes up 40-60% of municipal solid waste, remains a significant, untapped resource for biogas production and continues to overwhelm landfills.
In 2023-2024, Delhi generated approximately 11,342 tons of waste per day. According to the IBA, about 35% of this waste ends up in landfills, slightly higher than the 33.5% reported in the 2024 annual SWM report. Overflowing landfill sites generate to methane emissions and
toxic fumes.
Currently, Delhi has four waste-to-energy plants with a combined processing capacity of 6,550 tons per day. The city also operates five biogas plants with a combined treatment capacity of 7 tons per day, along with eight non-functional bio-methanation plants, each with a 5 TPD capacity.
Mr. Kedia further suggested that India should adopt Bio-PNGpowered generators to reduce emissions. He recommended retrofitting existing diesel generators to use Bio-PNG or replacing them altogether.
Rising Participation of IBA across the World
The Indian Biogas Association has participated in the 29th Conference of Parties (COP29) convened under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Baku, Azerbaijan. It marked a significant step in global climate action. It emphasized the urgent need for scaled-up climate finance. A commitment to securing new financing goals beyond the $100 billion annual pledge was central. Proposals
included mechanisms to mobilize resources for loss and damage funds to support vulnerable nations. It aims to triple climate finance for developing countries to USD 300 billion per year by 2035 from the previous goal of USD 100, with developed countries taking the lead. It reached a landmark agreement to finalise the mechanisms for carbon markets, including country-to-country trading (Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement) and a centralised carbon market under the United Nations (UN) (Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement).
Subsequently, IBA participated in the 16th Sankalp Global Summit, held on November 26-27, 2024, at the Rudraksh International Convention Centre in Varanasi, India, brought together a diverse group of stakeholders to discuss and promote entrepreneurial solutions for sustainable development. The summit emphasized the role of Indian enterprises in creating global impact, focusing on scaling innovative solutions to address challenges in sustainability and quality of life. The event attracted over 1,000 delegates, including more than 150 global leaders, 400 entrepreneurs, and 200 investors,
as well as representatives from the private sector, multilateral and bilateral organizations, and government agencies.
Furthermore, IBA had marked their presence in the Oil & Gas Annual Conference and Expo 2024 from 11th-13th Dec, 24. The events showcased groundbreaking advancements and industry trends, positioning itself as one of the most significant gatherings in the energy sector. The expo centred around the theme of "Accelerating the Energy Transition to a Greener Future". It highlighted innovative strategies for achieving carbon neutrality, with a strong emphasis on renewable energy integration, hydrogen fuel adoption, and advancements in biofuels.
IBA feels Biomass needs greater push in energy mix
Biomass power and bagasse co-generation are the least spoken as compared to other green energy sources like solar, wind or green hydrogen. However, it is not an apples-to-apples comparison-solar versus biomass or wind versus biomass. But biomass indeed is a category which works best in a decentralised market on a smaller and medium scale. According to those in the ministry, the biomass category has started picking up again in the last two or three years.
As per IBA Chairman, Mr. Gaurav Kedia, Green Hydrogen will take many years before we can talk about something like $1 or $2
per kg of Hydrogen is a phenomenon of the future. However when we think about solar versus biomass, biomass like a battery. If we consider ourselves as a part of nature, rather than apart from it, then only biomass can become a big success. The government can formulate numerous policies, which they are now undertaking. However, biomass fundamentally requires a movement. An awareness campaign in which we must all fulfill our responsibilities, whether in households or commercial settings.
Agitator Technology from Germany – ‘Made In India’
PRG Agitators Pvt. Ltd., located in Vadodara, is a 100% subsidiary of a German Multinational. We have successfully installed agitators for 700+ biogas plants worldwide and boast over 20 years of experience in the biogas industry. We provide a diverse range of sophisticated agitator types that can be perfectly adapted to the respective task and system size – for optimum yields and maximum operational reliability right from the start. Contact us to find the perfect mix for you. PRG Agitators Pvt. Ltd. 66 Alindra, Savli GIDC Manjusar
Vadodara, 391 775 Gujarat, India
Phone: +91 90999 89907
Email: info@prgagitators.com
Customized CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) cascades
Developed by CONFIDENCE
CONFIDENCE has developed customized Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cascades, a breakthrough that greatly improves the efficiency and flexibility of CNG transportation.
This innovation addresses a major challenge in CNG distribution: traditional CNG cascades were manufactured in standard sizes, limiting the gas-carrying capacity based on a vehicle's payload limit i.e.13 to 15 metric tons. Conventional systems could transport between 3000 and 4500 water liters (WL) of CNG per trip, but optimizing this further was challenging. CONFIDENCE’s expert team tackled this by designing CNG cascades
tailored to individual vehicle specifications, resulting in improved payload optimization, cost savings, and operational flexibility.
Limitations of Traditional CNG Cascades
CNG cascades are a series of interconnected cylinders used to store and transport CNG. Conventionally, these cascades were designed in standard sizes and configurations to be mounted on transport vehicles. However, this one-size-fits-all model limited the gas-carrying capacity of the vehicles due to fixed sizes and weight constraints. The capacity of traditional cascades
ranged from 3,000 to 4,500 WL, depending on the vehicle's payload capacity. For companies transporting CNG, this restriction meant more trips to carry the required gas volumes, led to higher operational costs, increased diesel consumption, and reduced overall efficiency.
Customized CNG Cascades
To address these issues, CONFIDENCE’s experienced team dedicated extensive time to research and development to customize cascades according to the payload capacity of the vehicle resulting in now gas-carrying capacity of approx. 6600 wl corresponding payload considering 18.5 metric tons, and above as per vehicle model and capacity. This groundbreaking design adapts to any truck model, using the maximum allowable payload to enhance gas-carrying capacity significantly. CONFIDENCE’s customized CNG cascades have transformed how CNG is transported, offering substantial benefits for efficiency and cost savings.
Key Benefits of Customized CNG Cascades
The advantages of CONFIDENCE’s tailored approach to CNG cascades are both immediate and long-term, offering
improvements across multiple operational and financial areas.
1. Maximum Optimization of Vehicle Payload Capacity
By customizing cascades to fit the exact payload capacity of the transport truck, this maximizes the amount of gas that can be transported in a single trip. This optimization leads to increased gas-carrying capacity, allowing operators to transport more gas without changing trucks or making additional trips. This feature also reduces the strain on logistics planning as each truck can now carry its maximum load.
2. Increased Gas-Carrying Capacity
Customizing the cascade sizes allows operators to carry more CNG on each vehicle, leading to fewer trips needed to meet demand. This is particularly beneficial for routes with high demand or long distances, where maximizing each trip’s output
Comparison:
can lead to major efficiency improvements and cost savings.
3. Significant CAPEX Savings
Capital expenditure (CAPEX) savings are one of the immediate financial benefits. Traditional cascade setups required specific trucks to carry specific cascade sizes, often resulting in underutilized payload capacity. CONFIDENCE’s solution eliminates the need to purchase additional vehicles for higher capacity, thus saving capital costs associated with fleet expansion and maintenance.
4.
Operational Expenditure (OPEX) Savings
With increased payload capacity and fewer trips, companies can reduce operational expenditures substantially. Reduced trips mean lower diesel consumption, maintenance costs, and labour hours, leading to a leaner, more cost-effective operation. The savings in OPEX directly contribute to improving the profitability of the CNG transport business.
Note: All above figures are approx., and may vary depending
5. Compatibility with Any Truck Model
One of the most versatile features of CONFIDENCE’s customized cascades is their adaptability to any truck or vehicle model. This flexibility eliminates the need for transport companies to invest in specific vehicle models, allowing them to utilize their existing fleet for optimized CNG transport. This adaptability extends the service life of the fleet, increasing return on investment (ROI) over time.
6. Enhanced Flexibility in Cascade Management
In the event of a vehicle breakdown, the customized CNG cascades can be easily interchanged between trucks. This reduces downtime and ensures a continuous supply chain, enabling companies to maintain operational efficiency despite potential interruptions.
Customized CNG Cascades in Action
CONFIDENCE’s tailored cascades are especially advantageous for companies in the energy, transportation, and logistics sectors, where maximizing efficiency and minimizing costs are critical. For companies involved in the transportation of CNG to remote or high-demand areas, CONFIDENCE’s customized cascades can directly translate to a competitive advantage, allowing for a greater supply with reduced resource consumption.
Conclusion: A Milestone in CNG Transportation
CONFIDENCE’s introduction of customized CNG cascades is a significant step forward in the evolution of CNG transport. By solving the limitations of traditional cascade systems and making use of a vehicle’s maximum payload capacity, CONFIDENCE has addressed a crucial operational bottleneck, delivering a product that enhances the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of CNG transportation.
As demand for cleaner, more efficient energy sources grows, innovations like CONFIDENCE’s customized CNG cascades play a pivotal role in shaping the future of energy logistics. This solution is a testament to Confidence Group’s commitment to pioneering advancements that drive both industry progress and environmental responsibility. For details visit our website or Whatsapp www.confidencegroup.co, e-mail cngsales@confidencegroup.co 9370996757, Head office 34, Confidence Tower, Central Bazar Road, Ramdaspeth, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010.
Mr. Yatin Khara President
Technology
Biogas Distribution
- The new growth bottleneck
Introduction
“Mission Net Zero-2070” instigates the driving force towards the establishment of an economically sustainable biogas infrastructure in India. Among all the explored options for a clean energy alternative like wind, Solar, natural gas, hydrogen and biogas, the latter one enjoys a double-edged advantage of reducing material pollution by using bio-waste to convert into clean methane.
The mission of biogas infrastructure got more focused attention through the creation of a Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA) under the initiative of India as G20 chair which intends to expedite global uptake of biofuels through ca-
pacity-building exercises across the value chain, technical support to country-specific national program and promoting policy lesson sharing and technology advancement.
The government of India has already put in place an elaborate action plan to create a complete biogas infrastructure with its production from biowaste, distribution to the user point and ensure efficient consumption of the same through integration with other forms of clean energy. 5000 biogas plants were targeted to be established all over India by 2030 to achieve the desired milestone in this direction.
While the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) is
coordinating this broader mission, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MOPNG), Ministry of Housing and Sanitation, Niti Aayog, Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB), Federation of India Petroleum Industries (FIPI) and several other institutions from Government as well as private enterprises are actively participating in the action plan.
Dynamics of Biogas Infrastructure
Biogas infrastructure comprises the following upstream and downstream activity:
a) Resourcing feedstock for Biogas generation through digestion
b) Biogas generation plant
c) Cleaning of produced biogas / upgrading the raw methane to pure methane
d) Storage and distribution to user point
e) Possible integration with existing clean energy natural gas infrastructure
f) To create a stable working model sustaining consistently throughout its operational life
While each of these activities needs its working policy guidelines, support and mitigation of critical challenges, the present article will focus on the Distribution of produced clean biogas from production to user point/ consumption point.
Biogas
Distribution
The primary composition of Biogas feedstock is agricultural waste which is sourced from rural India. Accordingly, most of the biogas production plants are likely to come up in the rural sector whereas consumption centers would be primarily urban-centric separated by quite some distance. In such a scenario, distribution/transportation of biogas would be an important challenge to ensure seamless coordination between the points for an uninterrupted supply chain.
Incidentally, the reports shared by the operational biogas plants of capacities ranging from 5 to 30 Tons per day (TPD) have highlighted the challenges faced by them in disbursing produced
pure methane in an economically efficient and cost-effective manner which causes reduced capacity functioning of their existing facility.
Possible modes of Biogas Distribution – features and challenges
Primarily Biogas consumers can be segregated into the following categories:
a) Domestic usage through established gas grid network
b) Industrial consumption in volume
c) Transportation segment through the blending of CNG at gas stations
In all such usage, certain basic requirements would be:
a) Consistency of supply volume
b) Uninterrupted supply chain
c) Compliance of methane composition concerning calorific value
All these aspects reflect the importance of the right mode of distribution infrastructure which will ensure timely delivery of the required quantity of gas with the right composition under stipulated norms.
As a general practice worldwide, the following possible modes have been successfully implemented for the distribution and transportation of biogas:
1) Compressed purified biogas in cylinder cascades
2) Delivering purified biogas through pipeline from the production point to the user point
3) Liquefied biomethane transported in a cryogenic container
1. Compressed biogas in cylinder cascade
This mode is the most practiced format of storage/distribution in India. In this method, biomethane is compressed to approx. 250 bar pressure and stored in cylinder cascade. These cylinder cascades are available in different types and sizes. The commonly used cylinder cascades are made of steel and typically come in a battery of 16 nos. in a single frame. The capacity of such cascades is around 500 m3 of compressed gas. Recently a more improved version of such cylinders has come out that are made out of FRP (fiber re-enforced plastic) with larger capacities of 1000 m3 per cascade or more. The FRP grades are more expensive when compared to steel cylinders. Typical CAPEX for such cascades would range from Rs. 2 to 5 Mn.
The advantages of this option are:
a) Ease of transportation in trucks to any distance
b) No conversion is required (Gas to Gas) from source to user point. Only pressure reduction is required at the point of gas use
The bottlenecks are:
a) The volume/weight of gas
transported per trip is low
b) Cascade used for storage and transportation requires large numbers of units to address a given volume of gas
c) Capex and high energy consumption for compressing/cooling systems for biomethane
d) Strict pressure safety standards need to be maintained throughout operational life
2. Through the pipeline from production to user point
This mode has been suggested under the SATAT scheme in which biogas production units are encouraged through financial subsidies to lay a pipeline connecting the produced gas to the main gas grid and the nearest CGD.
The advantages of this mode are:
a) Once installed it ensures an
uninterrupted supply of biogas to the grid
b) The requirement for additional instrumentation is negligible
c) Due to the continuous supply of biogas, large volumes can be transferred in a certain time
d) The long operational life of pipeline with marginal maintenance operational/maintenance requirement
The bottlenecks are:
a) Land acquisition and safety challenges for laying pipelines are high and complex
b) Intensive and constant Pipeline monitoring against any subversive activity is needed
c) Initial Capex is very high and difficult to implement for Biogas plant owner
d) Pipelines are laid for a fixed capacity flow, scope for flow enhancement with increased pressure is limited
3. Liquefied Biomethane storage and transportation in cryogenic containers
Though this format is quite popular in Europe, it is yet to be adapted in the Indian Bio-
gas segment. In this mode biomethane is liquefied through the cryogenic liquefaction process and stored/transported in a cryogenic container.
The advantages of this mode are:
a) Very large volumes of biogas (ranging from 15 to 20 KL) can be stored / moved over a longer distance in a single trip
b) Capacity can be enhanced by adding fleet
c) High purity of liquid biomethane ensures competitive calorific value during integration with the gas grid
d) Long operational life of >20 years
The bottlenecks are:
a) Higher Capex towards cryogenic liquefaction system setup
b) Energy consumption for liquefaction process
c) Vacuum insulated cryogenic containers for storage and transportation
The following table (Table 1) presents a comparative analysis of the different modes of distribution:
Table 1:
Infrastructure
Compression System-Chiller-Cylinder Cascade-Mounting truck Laying of pipeline
Cryogenic liquefaction system –Chiller-Liquid storage tank-Mounting truck
Capital Expense Moderate - High Very High High
Operating Expense
Safety protocol
Power for compression + Transportation + manpower + maintenance of infrastructure
Strong safety compliance protocol including PESO compliance for inflammable gas pipeline
Installation footprint Low-Moderate High
Project execution time
High capital cost and complex implementation formalities for laying of pipeline
Power for liquefaction + Transportation + Maintenance of infrastructure
One-time PESO compliance for Storage / transportation containers
Higher power consumption for cryogenic liquefaction
It is imperative to comment from above that each mode of distribution process connects to a series of advantages and certain challenges.
When we address the financial viability of these modes comparatively, it also presents marginal variation as clear from the representative table below (Table 2) which showed a specific project of distributing 10 TPD gas over 100 km.
Table 2:
Includes equipment like compressor, chiller, liquefier, pipeline cost and related instrumentation considering desired redundancy
Includes compressed biogas cascades, mounting trucks, cryogenic storage with mounting trucks and related instrumentation considering desired redundancy
At the rate of 8% interest, 20 years tenure (EMI of Rs. 1,03,000 PA per Rs. 10,00,000)
Conclusion
After reviewing all the aspects of the possible distribution modes for purified methane from biogas, it can be concluded that the application of any mode of distribution depends on the specific project backdrops. This includes the distance between production and consumption location, quantity, quality of gas requirement, supply consistency and the related socio-economic considerations.
Ensuring adaptation of any specific mode requires Govt. endorsement and support to create greater awareness which will benefit the biogas product production centers to sustain business viability in the long term.
Implementation of VSA Technology for Biogas Upgradation
– Success Story by Thermax
Overview
The global energy landscape is shifting rapidly toward renewable sources, and biogas has emerged as a promising solution. Derived from organic waste, biogas is a renewable energy resource that can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It is primarily composed of methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and trace impurities, making it suitable for a range of applications when purified and upgraded to biomethane.
Vacuum Swing Adsorption (VSA) technology offers an efficient solution for biogas upgrading, balancing operational simplicity, high methane recovery, and cost-effectiveness. This case
study focuses on the successful deployment of VSA technology at one of the biggest biogas plant in India, where innovative practices and tailored solutions address critical industry challenges. The case study also demonstrates its potential for small to medium-sized biogas facilities.
Biogas Upgradation Technologies: Current Landscape
The process of biogas upgrading focuses on enhancing the methane content by removing CO₂ and impurities such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and moisture. A variety of technologies are available to achieve this goal, each with its strengths and limitations.
Below is an overview of the major biogas upgradation technologies currently in use:
(PSA)
Adsorption (VSA) Adsorption 96-97 <3
2. Low Methane Slippage: Methane loss was kept below 3%, meeting industry benchmarks.
3. Product Gas Applications:
The upgraded biomethane is compressed and supplied to CNG stations for use as automotive fuel
Historical Challenges with VSA Technology
VSA technology, as implemented in India by various technology providers, has encountered significant challenges over time. These challenges have contributed to a tarnished reputation and limited acceptance within the biogas industry in the country. Key issues include:
1.Adsorbent Degradation: Early systems relied on adsorbents that degraded rapidly under fluctuating operating conditions, leading to frequent replacements and increased costs.
2.Methane Loss: Previous VSA designs struggled with methane slippage exceeding acceptable levels, reducing the overall yield and economic viability of the process.
3.Energy Efficiency: While VSA was conceptually more energy-efficient than PSA, early implementations did not fully capitalize on this potential due
to suboptimal system configurations.
4. Scalability: VSA systems were initially considered viable only for small-scale applications due to perceived limitations in handling larger volumes of biogas.
Implementation of VSA at Barsana: A Success Story by Thermax Ne0
At one of the biggest biogas projects in India, a biogas upgrade unit with a capacity of 2 tons per day (TPD) was installed by Thermax Ne0 (Gas Enrichment Solutions Business of Thermax Limited). The biodigester processes feedstock such as cow dung, press mud, and paddy straw, producing raw biogas that undergoes purification and upgrading.
Key Achievements:
1. High Methane Purity: The unit has consistently delivered enriched methane with over 96% purity.
Technical Highlights of VSA Technology
• Efficient H₂S and Moisture Removal: The system effectively removes impurities to ensure operational reliability and meet fuel standards.
•Two-Stage Methane Upgradation:
o Primary Adsorption System: Optimized for maximum CO₂ capture.
o Recovery Unit: Ensures minimal methane loss.
•Tailored Adsorbents: The adsorbents were specifically selected for oHigh CO₂ adsorption capacity. oEasy regeneration.
oExcellent thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability, ensuring long service life.
Comparative Advantages of VSA:
•Energy Efficiency: Lower energy requirements compared
to alternative technologies like high-pressure water scrubbing.
•Cost-Effectiveness: Fewer operational complexities and reduced maintenance needs.
•Environmental Sustainability: Minimizes methane slippage, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Results and Broader Implications
The VSA installation has demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of this technology in real-world applications. By delivering high-purity biomethane with minimal methane loss, the facility contributes to cleaner automotive fuels while supporting sustainable development goals.
Additionally, the successful operation serves as a model for other small and medium-scale biogas facilities in India, showcasing the adaptability and efficiency of VSA technology.
Conclusion
Biogas upgradation is a critical step in realizing the full potential of this renewable energy source. Among the available technologies, VSA has emerged as a frontrunner for its energy efficiency, operational simplicity, and cost-effectiveness. The VSA case study highlights how tailored solutions, such as advanced adsorbents and optimized system configurations, can overcome
historical challenges and deliver outstanding results.
As the interest in biogas grows, VSA technology is poised to play a pivotal role in transforming waste into a valuable energy resource. This case study underscores the importance of innovation and adaptability in advancing renewable energy technologies, paving the way for a greener and more sustainable future.
About Thermax Ne0
Thermax with the experience and expertise of 50+ years is a leading conglomerate providing sustainable solutions in energy and environment. Continuing our commitment to “Conserving Resources and Preserving the Future”, we created a specialised offering under Thermax Ne0 providing efficient, clean, and green gas enrichment technologies for Biogas Purification and upgradation , Hydrogen purification and Carbon Capture.
Our advanced Compressed Biogas Purification (CBG) Solution employs advanced techniques such as Vaccum Swing Adsorption (VSA) , pressure swing ad-
sorption (PSA), membrane separation, and chemical scrubbing to remove impurities such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and moisture from biogas.
Created to address the growing demand for sustainable energy solutions, We set a new standard in energy transition and environmental sustainability.
We understand the importance of removing impurities and optimizing energy content which is why our technology-agnostic approach enables us to recommend the most suitable solution for various industries such as sugar, distillery, paper & pulp as well as hard-to-abate sectors such as Cement, Steel etc.
Whether you need a compact solution for small-scale operations or a robust system for larger capacities, we have the expertise and technology to meet your needs effectively.
We go beyond just technology. We are a trusted partner, collaborating with industries to design and implement customized solutions that meet their energy transition need.
Meet the Author
Mr. Vishwanath Bhandarkar DGM & Head of Innovation, Environment Division Thermax Limited
In conversation with Mr. Ravi Kaushal
Assistant General Manager State Bank of India
Shri Ravi Kaushal is a Mechanical Engineer from Delhi College of Engineering. He has worked in various industrial units as a Production Executive. He joined SBI as a Probationary Officer in 2001 and served the North-Eastern circle of SBI under various assignments. Presently, he is working in the Consultancy Services Cell, Delhi, where he is conducting Conducting Techno- Economic Viability Studies of various projects. Imparting Specialised Industry Specific Training to the Credit officers of the Bank handling SME advances. Conducting Entrepreneur Development Programmes. Preparing Industry Studies on emerging industries. Providing Guidance & Counselling to Entrepreneurs under SME Facilitation Centre.
1. What are the main challenges that financial institutions face when financing biogas and CBG projects, and what strategies or models have proven effective in mitigating these risks?
The financial institutes face many challenges while appraising CBG projects. Among these challenges, the primary ones are listed below:
Technology: Most of the CBG projects lack the importance
of plant and machinery. Due to inadequate knowledge and savings on the cost of the project, developers tend to procure plant and machinery from machine suppliers who have very limited experience in the installation of CBG plants.
Strategy: The machine supplier should be either approved or have sufficient experience in the installation of CBG projects.
Availability of feedstock: The projects either miss or fail to en-
sure the availability of feedstock at the pre-determined price in their catchment area.
Strategy: A long-term procurement agreement with a feedstock supplier at a pre-determined price is requested from the CBG project developer.
Selling arrangement: CBG is a unique product and has limited options for sales. The CBG plants are required to operate at a minimum 80% capacity utilization to maintain viability. CBG can’t
Mr. Ravi Kaushal
be stored and is required to be burnt in the absence of a buyer.
Strategy: A long-term offtake agreement with OMC or a Private company is requested for 100% offtake of CBG.
2. With growing interest in renewable energy, what innovative financing mechanisms or structures (like green bonds or blended finance) do you see as the most promising for scaling biogas and CBG infrastructure in developing economies?
Presently, CGTMSE is covering a substantial portion of loan exposure (up to Rs. 5 cr.) in the case of small CBG projects. A Risk sharing mechanism may be introduced for large CBG projects in which 75% loan exposure may be covered by a Government Guarantee by paying an annual premium fee. This can reduce the risk perception of financial institutions to a great extent and may eliminate the requirement for collateral security.
3. We have learned about the revamped biofuel credit scheme being launched at your end. How is it different from earlier credit schemes and expected to be a win-win for the project developers and SBI per se?
A revamped scheme for financing Biofuel projects has been introduced. Biofuels include all types of biofuels like biodiesel, advanced biofuels, drop-in fuels, biomass Pellet & briquette,
ethanol, CBG (Non-SATAT) etc. Although, we have a dedicated scheme for financing CBG projects under SATAT. However, CBG projects that do not qualify in the SATAT scheme due to various reasons can be considered under this scheme.
4. Given that many biogas projects are driven by SMEs or community-based organizations, what tailored financial products or support systems does your institution offer to ensure their viability and scalability?
We have dedicated schemes for financing CBG projects as well as other Biofuel projects. The schemes are customized considering the Business model, Type of raw material, Available technologies, Market, Government regulations, etc. We have Technical cells at the circle level which provides hand-holding support to the new entrepreneurs as well as existing customers.
5. From a financial perspective, how do you assess the longterm profitability and sustainability of biogas/CBG projects?
The selling price of CBG has been increased incrementally multiple times in the past and is now expected to remain stable over the years. On the other hand, considering the prevailing situation and increase in demand, the procurement price of feedstock is susceptible to increase during forthcoming years. This disparity may hit long-term profitability and sustainability of
CBG projects severely. To mitigate this situation, the farmers/ feedstock suppliers should be introduced into the CBG project as stakeholders to prevent feedstock price escalation and ensure regular supply.
6. What role do government incentives and carbon credit markets play in enhancing their financial attractiveness?
The Government has a vital role in the promotion of any new industry. Initially, an industry has to create a self-sustainable ecosystem for itself. It normally faces supply chain-related challenges like the procurement of raw materials and the selling of finished goods. Most importantly for private players to invest in this uncertain environment, Government incentives like Capital subsidy, interest subvention, and viability gap funding play a crucial role. Unlike traditional projects, renewable energy projects normally have skewed viability issues. Financial support by way of Carbon credits may improve the viability as well as the scalability of renewable energy projects significantly.
Bharti FerroSorp® Sd: H2S Removal
Bharti Waters holds a unique position in the Biogas/CBG sector and are pioneers in Removal of Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) from Raw Biogas.
This process is quite important and our product Bharti FerroSorp® Sd (H2S Removal Media) helps our customers achieve it. This makes FerroSorp ® the product of choice globally, creating more value for our 2500 plus Customers.
Purifying Biogas/CBG is economical and effective, thanks to FerroSorp®.
The loading rate (H2S absorption) of FerroSorp® Sd is upto 70% (700 grams of Sulphur per Kg of FerroSorp). In comparison , Typical Iron oxides and Carbons have a loading rate of 50 to 100 grams per kg.
The Major benefits of using Bharti Ferrosorp® Sd (2-4mm):
1.0 PPM H2S concentration at the outlet.
2.Spent product can be used as Sulphur Rich Fertilizer.
3.No Pressure drop issues due to highly porous structure.
4.H2S Removal possible at 0.0% Oxygen levels
5.No Clumping/ Bridging issues thus making the recharge process easier.
6.High porosity makes H2S absorption capacity higher.
7.BET Surface Area of Ferrosorp Sd is 210 m2/g. (7-10 times more than Iron Oxides and Carbons)
8.Less product required with multi -fold increase in H2S loading capacities.
Our company is on a mission to make Biogas Plants in India profitable
Adding of the absorption pellets
Purified gas
Raw gas
Regeneration air
Discharge of the absorption
Floating Dome Biogas Plant Integrated
with Solar Module at RGIPT, Jais
RGIPT’s initiative for the upliftment of Rural
people
With the depletion of fossil fuels and growing environmental concerns, new renewable energy technologies, as well as proper waste disposal procedures, are gaining traction. In accordance with this, the anaerobic digestion of household and/or kitchen waste is found to be the most effective method to mitigate environmental issues and generate energy in the form of biogas. This will also result in the production of biofertilizers. During harsh winter conditions, the desired operating tempera-
ture for a higher yield (kg) of gas from the plant is required to be ≈370C which is difficult to maintain.
Therefore, the operation of the plant may not be technically feasible around the year due to low winter temperatures that inhibit methanogenesis. The desired operating temperature of the digester can be maintained by integrating it into the solar collectors. In this context, RGIPT at its campus in Jais has installed a self-sustained floating dome biogas plant integrated with a heat exchanger (inside digester) and solar module (Figures 1 to 3)
The proposed integrated system is economical and will provide (i) an increased yield of biogas for cooking as well as water heating as per the requirement and (ii) hot water for cooking along with electrical power for lighting and fans all over the year. This project is undertaken under Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, a flagship program of the Government of India to have a clean environment and climate.
After digestion and biogas production, the digestate is separated mechanically into solid and liquid phases. These phases are treated as a waste stream and
can be converted into a valuable product such as biological fertilizer, depending on the nature of the feedstock.
Solar Energy Integration: Enhancing Biogas Efficiency
Solar energy, being both abundant and environmentally beneficial, is becoming more viable as photovoltaic (PV) technology advances. The integration of photovoltaic thermal systems allows the simultaneous generation of electricity and heat, stabilizing biogas production even in frigid climates. Solar-assisted heating of biogas
slurry not only improves gas output but also reduces emissions, creating a more efficient and sustainable energy system. A novel approach involves the use of semi-transparent PVT collectors integrated with floating community biogas domes (Fig. 4). These systems combine material innovation, system performance optimization, and cost-effectiveness to maintain temperature stability and enhance biogas yields. This hybrid solution provides year-round energy stability and aligns with sustainable energy objectives, offering valuable insights for researchers and policymakers.
Fig 4. Flow diagram of the solar-assisted biogas plant
Flow diagram of the floating dome biogas plant integrated with solar panels
Key Features and Performance:
Energy Output: The plant produces an average of 14–16 m³ of biogas daily, replacing approximately one LPG cylinder every two days. It also generates 2000 litres of hot water for cooking and dishwashing.
Figure 5 shows the round-theyear production for 2023. The biogas production was shown in the figure for the different months.
Fig.5 Round year Biogas production vs month
Figure 6 shows the variation of the solar radiation for all months of the year 2023 in which the highest solar radiation was observed for April, May and June with total solar radiation on a horizontal surface was 6261, 6568, 6013 W/m2 respectively. However, the lowest value was observed for January, February and December i.e., 3672, 3933 and 3427.8 W/m2 respectively.
Fig.6 Variation of average solar radiation vs time for all month of 2023.
Economic Viability: The project’s financial feasibility is demonstrated through a net present value of ₹19.5 lakh, an internal rate of return (IRR) of 20%, and a payback period of 6 years.
Environmental Impact: By reducing greenhouse gas emissions, utilizing food and agricultural waste, and minimizing pollution, the system exemplifies sustainable development practices.
By-products: The digestate from the biogas process is separated into solid and liquid phases, which are further processed into biological fertilizers like vermicompost, enhancing soil health and reducing dependence on synthetic fertilizers (Fig.7)
Fig. 7. Photograph of biogas plant (35 m3) installed at RGIPT campus, Jais, Amethi
Addressing Challenges in Biogas Systems
The integration of solar heating addresses a critical challenge in biogas systems: maintaining the desired operating temperature (35 ± 2°C) during winter when low temperatures reduce gas production and increase hydraulic retention time. With an initial investment of ₹12.49 lakh, the RGIPT plant showcases a viable model for efficient and consistent biogas production, even under challenging climatic conditions.
A Blueprint for Sustainable Development
This biogas project exemplifies the integration of renewable energy technologies with waste management to achieve sustainable development goals. By combining biogas and solar energy systems, this model demonstrates the potential for cleaner, more efficient energy solutions that address both environmental and economic challenges.
Future Research Directions
Ongoing research on this integrated system could focus on:
•System Optimization: Enhancing dome designs, material properties, and collector configurations to maximize efficiency.
• Performance Metrics: Assessing the impact on energy generation, waste reduction, and
The Biogas plant integrated with the heat exchanger installed at RGIPT, Jais has the following technical specifications:
Specifications
• Capacity
• Size of Digester
• Digester Type
• Feedstock Type
Description
1000 kg
40 m3
Floating Dome
RGIPT’s Hostels Kitchen waste
• Total Area Required 600 to 800 ft2
• Feedstock Ratio
• Auxiliary Systems
greenhouse gas mitigation.
• Scalability: Exploring the feasibility of implementing similar systems on larger scales.
• Community Impact: Evaluating the benefits for local ecosystems and communities.
Conclusion
1:1 (Water: Kitchen waste)
Mechanized mixing of waste and water Network of pipes for distribution of gas and water supply from a nearby tank Vermicompost sheds
Integrating solar heating with biogas systems provides a breakthrough solution to today's energy and environmental concerns. By utilizing breakthroughs in sustainable practices, we can contribute to a cleaner, greener future. This approach not only optimizes resource utilization but also exemplifies the circular economy, turning waste into wealth and paving the way for a sustainable energy revolution.
Meet the Author
Dr. Praveen Kumar Srivastava Assistant Professor Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology
Thought Provoking
How Green, Green Technology Is!
If you apply the methodology mentioned on my name card about green technology, you will hopefully come to the same conclusion as I did: Biogas from organics is most likely the best way of using the energy from our “waste” and wastewater. Thus, the prefab, nearly do-ityourself package, that was started in 1993, based on my patent of 1993, was not only a 50 % cheaper approach to wastewater treatment for the warm climate countries, it would also have been the most environmentally sound technology to apply. The only better solution
my friends came up with was the direct use of the waste and wastewater in the food cycle.
You can exchange the term GREEN on my name card with many other expressions (sustainable, ecological, natural, environmentally sound or friendly, etc.), but the word selected will not change anything. We need one clear goal for humanity, which my best friends and I believe is ‘sustainability of humanity on earth and beyond’ and that has to be assessed, evaluated, focused by every individual, since you can only change your
behavior, and all change, good or bad, is caused by individuals consuming energy. So, the indicator, you can also call it parameter or variable, everybody should know, see on every financial transaction is the amount of raw energy in kWh.
I am going to conclude by wishing you a good day, as so many people do every day to me, and I ask: Do you really know with what my good day begins? Peo-
ple are perplexed, flabbergasted, astonished or what so ever and wonder why they never asked themselves this question and most people don’t even realize, and think, I just wish them a good day and carry on with what they are going to do. Then I ask them,” Does your good day also begin with food? And everybody has to admit that our lives indeed starts with food-a 1000 kWh per person per year, that is still coming via the plants to the
animals, and we humans, are still animals. Without food for everyone, there can be no fairness, justice, freedom, or equality. Of course, water, shelter and clothes has to be added and nowadays the Internet, but then nobody should have a reason to complain anymore and could start work on making their opinions hard, as my friends and I did for green technology-assessing whether biogas from “waste and wastewater” is the way to go.
NAME CARD
Meet the Author
Environmental Engineer ICY and UCY
Dr. Johan Verink
Membrane separators for Biogas upgrading and dehydration
Air Products Membrane Solutions specializes in the development of high-efficiency, high-productivity hollow fiber membrane separators for on-site gas generation systems, which could be used for biogas upgrading, biogas dehydration, hydrogen recovery, nitrogen generation.
Membrane manufacturing expertise since 1979
Proven track record of quality and reliability
Designed for high criticality application
Over 500,000 membranes in use in over 70 countries
We have many successful biogas upgrading and dehydration cases around the world. Please contact us (https://membranesolutions.com/contact/) for more information.
The Imperative for Standardization in India's Bio-CNG Sector:
The bio-CNG (Compressed Bio Gas) sector in India is rapidly expanding, fueled by escalating renewable energy demand and government incentives towards sustainable development. However, the lack of standardized practices and regulations poses significant obstacles to the sector's sustained growth and maturation. This analysis delves into the critical need for standardization in the bio-CNG sector, elucidating the challenges faced by developers, proposing pragmatic solutions, and charting a path
The Bedrock of Standardization
Standardization is the bedrock of any thriving industry, providing a framework of uniform guidelines, specifications, and protocols that ensure quality, safety, efficiency, and interoperability. Within the bio-CNG domain, standardization encompasses diverse facets, including feedstock quality, biogas production processes, upgrading technolo-
gy, gas quality parameters, and infrastructure requirements.
Standardization is not merely a technicality; it is a strategic imperative that fosters a common language, guarantees quality, and fuels innovation. Leading researchers at relevant government agencies strongly endorse this sentiment.
The absence of standardization engenders a multitude of challenges for stakeholders across the bio-CNG value chain. It results in inconsistencies in product quality, safety hazards, inflated costs, and eroded consumer confidence. Furthermore, it impedes the scalability of the industry and its seamless integration with the existing natural gas infrastructure.
Key Challenges Confronting Bio-CNG Developers
1.Feedstock Variability: The heterogeneity of feedstock quality, stemming from diverse organic waste sources, poses a formidable challenge. The lack of standardized feedstock specifications hampers developers' ability to optimize processes and maintain consistent biogas production.
2.Technological Heterogeneity:
The bio-CNG sector is characterized by a wide array of technologies for biogas production and upgrading, each with varying efficiencies, costs, scalability, and environmental impacts. The absence of standardized technol-
ogy guidelines complicates the selection of optimal solutions for specific needs.
3.Gas Quality Discrepancies:
The quality of bio-CNG can fluctuate based on feedstock, production processes, and upgrading technologies. This lack of uniformity raises safety concerns, compatibility issues with existing infrastructure, and consumer acceptance barriers. Standardized gas quality parameters are essential to ensure compliance with injection and vehicular use standards. Gas quality is paramount for the success of bio-CNG. It is the cornerstone of safety, reliability, and compatibility.
4.Infrastructure Bottlenecks:
The absence of standardized infrastructure requirements leads to delays, cost overruns, and inefficiencies in project implementation. Uniform guidelines for biogas plant design, upgrading facilities, storage, and distribution networks are imperative.
5.Regulatory Complexities:
The regulatory landscape for bio-CNG remains in flux, with the absence of clear, consistent regulations across feedstock procurement, production, gas quality, and environmental compliance. This ambiguity creates uncertainties and risks for developers.
Solutions and the Path to Progress
To overcome these challenges
and unleash the full potential of the bio-CNG sector, several strategic solutions must be pursued:
1.Comprehensive Standards Development: The development of comprehensive standards encompassing the entire bio-CNG value chain is paramount. These standards should be grounded in scientific research, industry best practices, and international benchmarks, addressing feedstock specifications, production processes, technology, gas quality, infrastructure, and safety.
Currently, some standards and norms exist in India. A few of these standards, but not limited to, are mentioned below:
• CBG specifications: The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has developed specifications for CBG composition and quality.
• Design and operations standards for biogas plants: These are available from BIS and the Fertilizer Control Order (FCO).
• PESO norms: The Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organisation (PESO) provides safety regulations for the handling and transportation of CBG.
• CPCB norms: The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) sets environmental standards for biogas production and utilization.
However, these standards need to be further strengthened and harmonized to ensure the sustainable and safe growth of the
bio-CNG industry in India. This is particularly important as the current Indian market appears to lack comprehensive standardization across the bio-CNG value chain. This observation can then be followed by recommendations to address this gap and promote greater standardization in the sector.
2. Centralized Regulatory Authority: A centralized regulatory authority is essential to oversee the implementation and enforcement of these standards, ensuring clarity, consistency, and compliance across the sector. This is completely lacking at the moment, highlighting a critical gap in the Indian bio-CNG industry. A dedicated regulatory body would provide much-needed oversight and ensure adherence to standards throughout the value chain. The Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) appears to be the most befitting regulator for the industry, given its existing expertise in the natural gas sector and its mandate to promote clean energy. PNGRB's involvement would bring valuable experience and regulatory infrastructure to the bio-CNG sector, fostering its growth and development.
3. Research and Development:
Intensified research and development efforts are crucial to innovate cost-effective technologies for biogas production and upgrading, enhancing feedstock utilization and gas quality.
This requires collaboration
among various stakeholders, including:
• Academic institutions: Universities and research centres can conduct fundamental research on biogas production processes, microbial communities, and novel feedstocks.
•Corporate research: Private companies can focus on developing and commercializing innovative technologies for biogas upgrading and utilization.
•Semi-government undertakings: Organizations like the National Institute of Bioenergy (NIBE), Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), and the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) can play a crucial role in bridging the gap between research and implementation, providing technical expertise and facilitating technology transfer.
To effectively drive innovation in the biogas sector, a sufficient corpus needs to be mobilized to support these research and development initiatives. This will enable the development of advanced technologies that improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance the overall sustainability of the bio-CNG value chain in India.
4.Incentivizing Standardization: Government incentives, such as subsidies, tax breaks, and expedited approvals for compliant projects, can encourage the adoption of standardized practices.
While several incentives already exist for biogas production in India, a critical gap remains in developing the market for Fermented Organic Manure (FOM). This is a significant missed opportunity, as FOM is a valuable byproduct of biogas production that can enhance soil health, reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers, and promote sustainable agriculture.
Developing a robust market for FOM is the need of the hour. To achieve this, concerned ministries, such as the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, and Ministry of Fertilizers, need to ramp up their engagement and collaborate to:
• Raise awareness: Educate farmers and the public about the benefits of FOM and its potential to improve agricultural practices.
• Establish quality standards: Develop clear standards and certification processes for FOM to ensure its quality and build consumer confidence.
• Facilitate market linkages: Connect FOM producers with potential buyers, such as farmers, fertilizer companies, and organic farming communities.
• Provide financial support: Offer incentives for FOM production and utilization, such as subsidies, tax breaks, and marketing assistance.
By mainstreaming the manure market and promoting the use of FOM, the government can create a win-win situation for both the biogas industry and the agricultural sector, contributing to a more sustainable and circular economy in India.
5. Capacity Building and Awareness: Awareness campaigns and training programs can educate stakeholders on the significance of standardization, fostering a culture of quality and safety within the industry.
To be truly effective, capacity building needs to be implemented strategically across the entire bio-CNG value chain:
• Upstream: Farmers and feedstock suppliers need training on best practices for biomass cultivation, harvesting, storage, and pre-processing to ensure consistent feedstock quality.
• Midstream: Biogas plant operators and technicians require comprehensive training on plant operation, maintenance, safety protocols, and quality control procedures to ensure efficient and safe biogas production.
• Downstream: CBG distributors, refuelling station operators, and vehicle technicians need training on CBG handling, storage, dispensing, and vehicle maintenance to ensure safe and efficient utilization of CBG.
Furthermore, capacity building should extend beyond the core
value chain to include supporting functions:
• Financing: Financial institutions need to be educated on the technical and economic aspects of bio-CNG projects to facilitate appropriate financing mechanisms.
• Legal: Legal professionals require training on the regulatory framework, contract negotiation, and dispute resolution related to bio-CNG projects.
Local government bodies: Local authorities need awareness of the benefits of bio-CNG, land allocation for biogas plants, and integration of bio-CNG into local energy plans.By implementing comprehensive capacity-building programs across all stakeholder groups, India can create a skilled workforce and informed ecosystem that drives the sustainable growth and adoption of bio-CNG.
Conclusion
Standardization is not a mere technicality; it is the linchpin for the growth, sustainability, and long-term viability of India's bio-CNG sector. By confronting these challenges head-on and implementing the proposed solutions, India can harness the full potential of this promising renewable energy source. Standardization will not only benefit developers and investors but will also contribute to a cleaner environment, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and catalyze economic opportunities in rural communities.
In my experience working in the bio-CNG sector, I've seen firsthand the challenges posed by a lack of standardization. By establishing clear and consistent standards, we can create a more efficient, reliable, and sustainable bio-CNG industry that can truly make a difference.
Meet the Author
Ms. Aayushi Khandelwal Co-founder Shreenathji Green Energies Pvt. Ltd.
THE PIONEER
IN SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY
FAN MSXH
FAN Separators
FAN Premium separating technology for solid or liquid nutrients. High through-put & optimum dry matter. Separators engineered for proven 24/7 operation in industrial & agriculture sectors.
FAN Submersible electro-mixer. Fast homogenization of viscous slurries through impressive mixing power. Horizontal and vertical adjustment, lifting & lowering frame, plus explosion proof protection.
The Importance of Biogas and Biomethane
as Renewable Energy Sources
Biogas, particularly biomethane, is key solution in the renewable energy landscape.
Biogas is a renewable gas obtained through the anaerobic digestion of organic materials such as agricultural residues, food waste, and animal manure. This process not only reduces waste but also produces a clean and renewable energy source. Biomethane is a purified form of biogas that can be used as a direct substitute for fossil natural gas. Due to its high methane content, biomethane can be directly injected into natural gas distribution networks, used as fuel for vehicles, or employed in the production of electricity and
heat. Its versatility makes it a key component in the energy transition towards more sustainable sources.
Europe's Role in the Global Market
Europe is the world leader in the production and use of biogas and biomethane. In 2023, the continent accounted for over 45% of the global biogas market revenue share. This dominance is attributable to Europe’s strong commitment to promoting alternative and renewable energy sources. The European Union has implemented policies and incentives to support the growth of the sector, aiming to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve energy security. As of April 2023, there were 1,323 operational biomethane production plants in Europe, marking an increase of nearly 30% compared to 2021. This significant growth demonstrates the continent's ongoing commitment to improving biomethane infrastructure and production capacity.
Indian Green Economy
India, with its rising population and rapid economic development, is also focused on a green economy to meet its energy requirements sustainably. The Indian government has launched several initiatives to promote renewable energy, including biogas and biomethane. These efforts are part of a broader strategy to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, improve air quality, and address climate change.
India has vast potential in terms of organic resources available for biogas production, thanks to its strong agricultural base and the significant amount of organic waste produced. Investments in biogas and biomethane plants are growing, supported by favourable policies and economic incentives. This will not only contribute to improving the country's energy sustainability but will also offer opportunities for economic and employment development in rural areas.
Efficiency and Reliability in Biomethane Upgrading Systems:
The biomethane market in Europe has firmly established itself, with significant advancements evolving over the years. Key factors driving this progress include a strong emphasis on plant efficiency and the adoption of various upgrading technologies. The
most prevalent and effective upgrading solutions are:
Membrane Technology: Operates at typical pressures between 12-16 bar, providing efficient separation of methane from other gases.
Pressure Swing Adsorption
(PSA): Utilizes pressures ranging from 5 to 8 bar to selectively adsorb impurities, ensuring high-purity biomethane production.
Water
Scrubbing:
Functions at pressures between 6-8 bar to remove carbon dioxide and other contaminants, enhancing the quality of the biomethane.
These technologies play a crucial role in optimizing the performance and reliability of biomethane production systems, contributing to the sector’s growth and sustainability.
Details of studies conducted in Europe on various technologies are appended below and align with the fact of a high percentage of using membrane solutions for biogas upgrading.
These systems require the use of a compressor, and the most high-performing and efficient option is the oil-injected screw compressor, due to several distinctive advantages:
•Long-Term Reliability: Oil-injected technology has proven to be extremely reliable, providing consistent performance over time and eliminating the need for standby units. Uptime almost >95%.
•Reduced Maintenance: Maintenance is limited to an annual intervention, resulting in cost savings on operational expenses.
•Suitable for Continuous Operation: These compressors are designed for continuous cycle operation, making them ideal for applications requiring uninterrupted production. Operation guarantee of 8000 hrs (~1 year) is feasible & proven in the field.
•Heat Recovery: The system allows for the recovery of heat generated during the process, further optimizing energy efficiency & reducing operational expense.
•Resistance to Contaminants: The technology is highly resistant to contaminants, ensuring
a long lifespan and stable operation. The package can be designed to handle 1000 ppm of H2S content.
•Facilitated Oil Removal: Despite the use of oil during the process, it is possible to provide oil-free gas at the skid’s outlet, thanks to the ease of oil removal, ensuring gas output that meets upgrading requirements. Fine filtration up to 0.005 mg/ nm3 is feasible.
•Gas Drying: After passing through the compressor, the gas is immediately ready for upgrading without the need for additional intermediate treatments, simplifying the process and reducing costs. Gas treatment is key to the reliable performance of upgrading systems.
Adicomp Srl's solutions are reliable and high-quality, ensuring all of these advantages. Such single-point responsibility helps to upgrade system designers & to take care of the rest of the aspects to deliver a reliable biogas upgrading system. Additionally, the compressors are equipped with an inverter control system, which optimizes energy efficiency even when the machine is not operating at full capacity (for example, half flow corresponds to half the energy consumption). The screw compressor package can be designed to handle 0 –100% turndown.
The machine also comes with a remote control system, allowing constant monitoring of their sta-
tus and prompt intervention in case of anomalies. Before shipment, each machine undergoes thorough testing to ensure optimal performance. Thanks to the plug-and-play design, commissioning typically takes only a couple of days, making installation quick and easy.
Below is the testimony from Mr. Madhur Mittal – Vice President of Biogas Engineering India, explaining the benefits of the solution.
“Biogas Engineering has expertise in membrane-based biogas upgrading systems. The oil-flooded screw compressor is one of the critical pieces of equipment to feed raw biogas to ensure the long-lasting performance of the membranes in the membrane-based purification system. When selecting an oil-flooded compressor, one of the most compelling factors to Adicomp's advantage is its range of customizable plug-andplay solutions. Our experience with their integrated solutions of oil-flooded screw compressors has been pleasant.
We have installed three biogas upgradation plants using their oil-flooded screw compressors in India and appreciate their prompt support during commissioning & effortless start-up of fully tested packages in the fac-
tory. We welcome the company to India and appreciate their efforts to optimize the cost of their solutions by setting up manufacturing in India. We believe that it will greatly benefit the emerging biogas industry of India.”
Adicomp India Pvt. Ltd., a strategic subsidiary of the renowned Italian company Adicomp Srl, leverages nearly thirty years of experience from the parent group, offering top-quality compression solutions. These solutions, produced in India, maintain high Italian quality standards, ensuring customers receive the same reliability and performance that have made benchmark in the industry.
Local production in India not only reduces delivery times and logistics costs for Southeast Asian customers but also improves service support. With a manufacturing facility in Asia, we can offer rapid and efficient technical support, ensuring timely maintenance and reducing plant downtime.
“This geographical proximity allows us to respond more agilely to regional market demands, providing enhanced and personalized customer service that translates into significant added value for local partners. In this way, we combine European technological excellence with Asian operational efficiency, solidifying its position as a global leader in biogas compression solutions”, says Mr. Ravindra Kulkarni.
