A L L A N H E N D RY
THE UFO HANDBOOK
The UFO Handbook
CONTENTS 02/03 INTRODUCTION 04 STUDYING REPORTS 05/06/07 ALLEGATIONS 08 NOCTURNAL LIGHT/NL 09 DAYLIGHT DISC/ DD 10 RADAR VISUAL/ RV 11 CLOSE ENCOUTERS OF THE FIRST KIND / CE1 12 CLOSE ENCOUNTERS OF THE SECOND KIND/ CE2 13 CLOSE ENCOUTERS OF THE THIRD KIND / CE3 14/15 UFOLOGISTS 16/17 UFO TYPE CHART 18/19 ASSOCIATED ENTITIES 20/21 CONCLUSION 22/23 INTERNATIONAL UFO REPORTER
The UFO Handbook
INTRODUCTION In seeking information about UFOs in the existing books and magazines, I’ve always found myself caught between two extremes; I’m repelled by UFO proponents who immidiately jump to extra ordinary conclusions and yet I am also suspicious of “experts” who dismiss as ridiculous all UFO sightings. In this regard I am probably typical of most people who will read this book... to people who have elected not to commit themselves to the UFO subject because television, newspapers, books and magazines have clearly failed to provide enough substantial information for them to arrive at a valid conclusion. Have these sources reported the facts objectively, or have they coloured them to suit the author’s biases - pro or con? The only way the average person will ever get a straight answer about UFOs is by investigating the subject himself.
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STUDYING REPORTS “We only get to study reports of UFOs - Not the UFOs themselves.” This is one of the greatest obstacles to the study of UFOs. Imagine that you are headed up a center for automobile studies and that little was known about automobiles. Your only source on information was people’s excited descriptions of them as they drove by, occasionally leaving tread marks on the ground... and that was all. Still, even these reports would be infinately more coherent than the huge variety of descriptions that are present in the UFO literature; life would be much easier if they were’nt so diverse.
reports: “real” details (perceptually available) vs. “reported” details. They can be blended completely, partially, or not at all - and there is no easy way to determine the influence on the final product.
In searching for identities for UFOs, there is a large gulf between description and explanation. There are usually three places where errors of interpretation can enter when written accounts of sightings are considered:
Also, a written or spoken description can serve as an effective buffer between the original object and a true understanding of its nature. We are denied the full sensory stimuli to which the original witness was entitled. Try this example, what is your reaction to the following account?
A) The original observation (ignorance of the nature of some otherwise known stimulus; difficult viewing conditions such as darkness, distance and atmospheric distortions; or faulty “causality” conclusions by the witness, such as a dimming light equal to a receeding object); B) Verbal relaying of memory to investigator (Are false details being filled in? is the investigator “leading” the witness in some way?); C) Written account by the witness (is he leaving out important information? Is he biasing the outcome?). In short, we must never overlook the compound nature of the UFO
Studying Reports & Alligations
“An oblong metallic object was seen hovering silently in the distance for two minutes, reflecting sunlight as it held motionless, defying gravity. Then suddenly it picked up speed, executed a sharp turn, and rushed off toward the north.” A UFO sighting is observed, recalled for an investigator, a secondhand description is published - and the errors compound themselves. It is on this basis that misconceptions are created in the eye of the public and the mass media alike because of the second hand information recieved by the investigator, post interview.
The UFO Handbook Also, a written or spoken description can serve as an effective buffer between the original object and a true understanding of its nature. We are denied the full sensory stimuli to which the original witness was entitled. Try this example, what is your reaction to the following account?
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I only quote these figures, however, to give a feel for the number of reports that have been made throughout the years. When the center made a case evaluation of the reports present in the air force files, only 5 per cent of them were worth of the title “UFO�. Almost all the rest were IFOs.
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ALLEGATIONS considered the reports as anything but allegations; this is unfortunate, but neccessary, if we are to treat UFOlogy as a science. Still there are certainly a lot of them; various collections of UFO reports from around the world show that the tens of thousands of sightings have made their way to various reporting agencies. The Center for UFO Studies has a computerised bibliography of over sixty- thousand seperate events. I only quote these figures, however, to give a feel for the number of reports that have been made throughout the years. When the center made a case evaluation of the reports present in the air force files, only 5 per cent of them were worth of the title “UFO�. Almost all the rest were IFOs.
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OVERVIEW
All the same, the cases that remain display a broad variety of characteristics. Various schemes to reduce this data have been attempted in the past; a six-category system developed by Dr. Hynek has come to be the most popular one and so it will be employed here as a way of classifying UFO types. It seperates all sightings on the basis of proximity, using 500ft as a cut off point; then it performs additional divisions on the basis viewing conditions or special features. Lets survey the scope of reported UFO activity in terms of this system.
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All the same, the cases that remain display a broad variety of characteristics. Various schemes to reduce this data have been attempted in the
past; a six-category system developed by Dr. Hynek has come to be the most popular one and so it will be employed here as a way of classifying UFO
types. It seperates all sightings on the basis of proximity, using 500ft as a cut off point; then it performs additional divisions on the basis viewing conditions or
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Radar Visual / RV
EXAMPLE: Two control operators with the combines experience of twenty - three years watched a light travel at over 150mph over an extern runway and begin a sharp descent down to three - hundred feet. The tower operators tried unsuccessfully to communicate with the object by radio. Looking at it through binoculars, one operator described it as looking like “a car standing on end” with a light on the bottom. Slowing to 50 mph, the object veered over abrilliantly lit restriced area. These manouvers were also observed on radar as one operator was able to track its trajectory long after it was out of sight. The lieutennant colonel ho prepared the report said that the observers were esteemed and competant, and in his opinion they saw an object that defied identification. Seen at 10:45PM, November 4, 1957, at Kirkland Air Force Base, New Mexico.
DEFINITION : A UFO that is seen by a witness and on radar simultaneously, with good agreement between the accounts. Radar alone is too subject to false images from ground scatter, temperature inversions and other problems to be depended on alone. These cases imply instrumented “proof” of a UFO’s presence as well as a quantitive hancle on its flight characteristics. These are relatively rare occurances.
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Daylight Disc / DD
EXAMPLE : Domed disc, five to six times the suns diameter in the sky, silvery grey, no glare reflected from sun, which was behind the observer. The disc flew on a level, straight course, approximately on quarter mile away; it turned upward and accelerated rapidly in the last two to three seconds, revealing a dark central area underneath. Seen at 4:10PM, October 11, 1974, at Cloudcroft, New Mexico, by a professional astronomer. Reported to the American Astronomical Society’s UFO survey.
DEFINITION : Discoidal objects seen in the distant daytime sky. “Discoidal” is a broad term here - Dr Hynek permits Cigars, spheres, eggs, ovals, and point sources as well as “flying saucers”. Only a small fraction of all reported activity occurs during the daylight hours; yet, depending on the critical standards imposed, and the data smaple examined, there can be as many genuine DD sightings as NLs.
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Nocturnal Light / NL
EXAMPLE: Two stars revolved around eachother, separated by one and one half moon diameters; the orbit was counterclockwise once every two seconds. The revolving abruptly stopped, and the lights remained briefly motionless. They started moving away from eachother; the southbound light halted, but the northbound light continued, faster than aircraft, yet slower than a meteor. Seen at 9:45 PM, May 14, 1970, in Bangor, Maine, for two to three minutes by two witnesses. Reported by an MIT graduate student to the National Center for Atmospheric research.
DEFINITION: Any anomolous lights seen in the distant night sky whose descriptions rule out the possibilities of aircraft lights, stars, meteors and the like. This catagory has the largest share of UFO sightings and the lowest “strangeness� events; they yield little information because of the poor viewing conditions of darkness and a non specific distance.
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Close Encounters of the first kind / CE1
EXAMPLE: A school principle driving home noticed a glow approaching him over a cliff. As it rose over the top, it became clear that it was an object shaped like a world war 1 helmet which he estimated to be over 300 feet in diameter. It remained motionless almost directly overhead momentarily and then headed toward the local airport. The witness was very impressed with the intese white light it was emitting. Joining his friends in a following car, the group watched the UFO hover over power lines for about ten minutes. Witnesses at the airport on an incoming flight also reported the object. Seen at 9PM, on April, 1967, at Jefferson City, Misouri for ten to fifteen minutes by multiple
DEFINITION: A UFO in close proximity (within 500 feet) to the witness. With the introduction of the so called close encounters we arrive at some of the most compelling reports, those sightings that are so close to the witness that the possibility of misperception is minimized. In these accounts the UFO is seen in the immidiate frame of referance of the observer.
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Close Encounters of the second kind / CE2
EXAMPLE: Sheriff Weir Clem and Officer Fowler recieved a phone call from a Farmhand who asserted that he saw a two hundred foot-long elliptical UFO fly over his truck, causing the lights and the engine to go out. After the object left the area, the truck regained power. This was only the first on ten independant reports within a ten mile radius of the town , all reported in less than three hours. Seven on the accounts told of automotive failures that lasted until the UFO departed. By 1:30AM the Sheriff found the UFO across the road last reported “two hundred feet long”, “Oval shaped” and “like a brilliant red sunset”. Seen from 11PM, on November 2, 1957, at Levelland, Texas, by twelve witnesses for tow and a half hours. Reported to the Air Force’s Project Blue Book.
DEFINITION: A close encounter of the first kind that influences the environment in some fashion, usually by leaving physical evidence of its presence or creating electromagnetic interferance. Like radar visuals, this catagory is commonly regarded as holding more concrete “proof” of the presence of a UFO than mere testimony alone. One researcher has prepared a bibliography of 561 cases reported to have left physical traces behind.
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Close Encounters of the third kind / CE3
EXAMPLE: A member of a back woods family returned to his home to decribe a UFO that he saw descend into the gully near the family’s farmhouse. Within an hour, the seven men, women and children were watching, and firing upon a number of small creatures with large round, bald heads, big eyes, spindly bodies and long arms. The bullets seemed inneffectual against them and the family rushed to the police department. All seven member of the family related the same details and have held adamantly to them. Seen the evening of August 21, 1955, in Hopkinsville, Kentucky, by seven witnesses, for four hours. Listed in the Air Force Project Blue files as “unidentified”.
DEFINITION: A close encounter of the first or second kind, with occupants, or entities assosciated with it. This type of encounter most fires public interest and controversy. Over 1,200 aleged incidents of this type have been catalogued from all available sources by UFO researchers.
I N T E R N ATIONAL
UFO
R E P O R T E R
CASE# ___-____-_____ TYPE:____________________________________ EM PH.TR PHYS RAD PHOTO HUM REFERED BY _____________________________ __________________________________________
Send completed form to Allan Hendry c/o International UFO reporter 1609 Sherman Ave, suite 207 Evanston, IL 60201
WITNESS PHONE _______________________________ NAME________________________________ ADRESS______________________________ CITY_________________________________ STATE____________ZIP_________________
SEX: ( ) MALE ( ) FEMALE AGE:_________ OCCUPATION:_________________________ EDUCATION:__________________________ ANIMALS PRESENT? __________________ ANY REACTIONS?_____________________
LIST OTHER WITNESSES NAMES AND NUMBERS: ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________
YOUR ACTIVITY PRIOR TO THE SIGHTING? _____________________________________________________ WHAT GOT YOUR ATTENTION?__________________________________________________________________ DID YOU WATCH THE ONJECT CONTINUOUSLY? ( ) YES ( ) NO ( ) OTHERS DID VISUAL AIDS: ( ) NONE ( ) GLASSES ( ) BINOCULARS ( ) CAMERA:____________________________________________________________________________________ DID THE OPTICS IMPROVE YOUR OBSERVING?_________________________________________________ WHAT WERE YOUR REACTIONS?________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ WHAT AGENCIES DID YOU CALL? ( ) POLICE ( ) CENTER ( ) PRESS ( ) MILITARY ( ) SEEN ON RADAR?___________________________________________________________ HAVE YOU SEEN A UFO BEFORE? ( ) YES ( ) NO INTERSTED IN SUBJECT PRIOR TO SIGHTING? ( ) YES ( ) INDIFFERENT ( ) NO
ENVIRONMENT DATE: ____________ TIME:____________ ( ) AM ( ) PM ( ) EXACT ( ) EST.
TYPE OF AREA: ( ) URBAN ( ) SUBURBAN ( ) RURAL ( ) RESIDENTIAL ( ) INDUSTRIAL ( ) AGRICULTURAL STREET______________________________________________________________ COUNTY_____________________________________________________________ STATE_________________ ( ) INDOORS ( ) OUTDOORS
VIEW: ( ) OBSTRUCTED ( ) NON OBSTRUCTED WEATHER: ( ) CLEAR ( ) OVERCAST ( ) RAIN ( ) FOG/MIST WINDY? ____________ WIND DIRECTION?_______________________________________________________
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APPEARANCE NUMBER OF OBJECTS SEEN: ( ) ONE ( ) __ APPARENT SIZE SIMILAR TO: ( ) STAR ( ) PLANE ( ) MOON ACTUAL SIZE: ________________________ (optional) OUTLINE: ( ) SHARP, DISTINCT ( ) VAGUE, FUZZY ( ) TOO DARK ( ) N/A
SOUND: ( ) NONE ( ) __________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________
Sketch the UFOs Appearace here.
LUMINOSITY: ( ) UNCERTAIN ( ) SELF LUMINOUS ( ) REFLECED LIGHT ( ) FLASHING INTESITY: ( ) STAR ( ) AIRCRAFT ( ) INTENSE ( ) BLINDING ( ) CHANGING ( ) TRAIL? ( ) SURROUNDING HAZE? ( ) BEAMS? ( ) SPIKES? ( ) GLOW? COLOUR____________LENGTH/POSITION_____________________DURATION________________________ OTHER DETAILS _____________________________________________________________________________
MOTION DIRECTION_________ANGLE______________MANNOR_____________________________ TRAJECTORY: (In terms of angles and directions above the horizon) ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________ DURATION: _________HRS________MIN_________SEC SPEED: ( ) STATIONARY ( ) SLOW PLANE ( ) FASTER THAN PLANE ( ) EXTR. FAST
The UFO Handbook
What have you seen in the skies? In the last 60 years, over 20,000 UFO sightings have been reported in the UK and across the globe. Often, these sightings are IFOs (Identified Flying Objects) that have been distorted due to harsh or impossible viewing conditions. There are thousands of satelleites orbiting the earth, some of the larger ones reflect light and appear to us on Earth as moving stars in the sky. Orbit and conrtol of these satellites affect their speed and direction. These can look like UFOs to the uninformed. If you are certain you have seen a UFO, complete the form over the page and send to the specified adress for more information or a discussion about what you saw.
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UFO IDENTIFICATIONS & CLASSIFICATIONS
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UFOLOGISTS The public conception of a UFOlogist generally lies somewhere between a chiropractor and a witch doctor. They are inadequately protrayed as trying to promote an exciting outer space shceme the basis of evidence which the public intuitively realizes has failed to be substantial. Yet how effective can UFOlogists and UFO groups hope to be in resolving the UFO dilemma? Since a UFO researcher is an expert on aerial anomalies, does that mean that he has to be fully aquainted with all relevant fields to know what is known? While this vision of an impossible renaissance man sounds prohbitive in theory, the situation is not that bleak in practice. As we have seen, the IFO sources tend to be restricted to a small number of items: 90 perent of all IFOs are NL “impostors” and 90 percent of these are restricted to four ommon objects - stars, ad planes, plane lights and meteors, in that order. That there are good private UFO researchers
Image on opposite page: 35mm colour photograph of alleged UFO from Mantell case.
who are prepared to ferret IFO explanations and accept them is certain. The author obtained a great deal of valuable information, for example, out of the writings of one UFO investigator, Mr. Raymond Fowler, and recieved excellent assistance from a number of field investigators around the country. Yet for a field that is composed of individuals who profess to be intrigued by aerial anomolies, there is widespread ignoranceabout even the most basic characterstics of sources like meteors, ad planes and balloons. This ignorance is likely to be a deliberate supression by each UFO researcher, for reasons that are reflected in the motives they demonstrate for their involvement with UFOs. Many researchers become intrigued with the sure and certain hope that they would be lead to a certain source of personal excitement. This emotional predisposition inevitably proves to be a poor framework for the objective handling of raw sighting reports.
Another demonstration of motive lies in the degree of the pretensiousness adopted by many with regard to their work. A UFOlogist most of the time, is an amateur investigative journalist...Myself included. Thus, I wince when i see words like “scientific” and “research” freely affixed to any menial investigative effort in an anecdotal “witness oriented” where science has a hard time manifesting itsself in ways that arent purely sociological.
“Dear sirs: I’m twelve years old and have been investigating UFOs for three years...” - From a letter to the Center for UFO studies.
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FAMOUS UFOS On the 24th June 1947, A small private aircraft flew into the calm summer skies above Chehalais, Idaho in the United States and turned on a course for Yakima in the state of Washington. Piloting the plane was businessman Kenneth Arnold who was thaty day destined to go into History as the man who “invented” the flying saucer. As Arnold flew near mount Rainor, he saw nine bright metallic disc - shaped objects undulating across the mountainous air at a speed that he estimated to be 1,700 mph. In those days that was considered an incredible speed - it was to be four months before the sound barrier (approx 750mph) was to be broken by Chuck Yeager in the X - 1 rocket plane. It was’nt so much the speed of the object that was significant however, as the description that arnold gave over to Newsmen who were waiting for him at Pendleton, Oregon, ater an onward flight from Yakima. Arnold described the sight as watching “ a saucer skipping across water” and as a result of the worldwide coverage given to his sighting in the media, the term “Flying Saucer” become part of our language.
Image on opposite page: Photograph taken by George Adamski in 1952. This UFO was coined “The Adamski type”.
He was’nt the first person to see an unidentified flying object (UFO), or in thie case 9, but at least he did come out of his experience alive. Which is more than can be said of captain Thomas Mantell of the United states Airforce. On 7th January 1948, at Godman Airbase Fort Knox, Texas, the daily bustle of aviation was interupted by the appearance of a huge object about 250 ft across, and glowing red. It appeared to be hovering overhead. Four planes were scrambled. Heading the squadron of F 51’s as the screamed into the air was Captain Mantell. He chased the object and reported “ It looks metallic, tremendous size. I’m going to follow it up to 2,000 feet.” These were his last words. His body was fond in the wreckage of his disintegrated F- 51 plane. What happened? Had he been destroyed by the crew of an inter planetary flying saucer?
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Arnold and Mantell are two well known names in UFO history; A third is Adamski. It was George Adamski, who on the 2oth November, 1952, claimed that he met a man from Venus who landed in a saucer shaped object, which had separated from a cigar shaped vehicle sighted in the sky by not only by Adamski, but by his 6 companions. Had Adamski hoaxed the world? In any event, he had made alot of money out of his sighting, giving talks all over the
United States in support of the existance of UFOs. Adamski’s sighting is the most difficult to believe. Particularly as recent explorations of Venus by US and Soviet spacecraft called Mariner and Venera have indicated that the temperature on the surface is 900 Degrees F. The atmospheric pressure is 90 times that of earth’s and winds up to 40 Knots rage. No humanoid person, which this purported Venusian looked like could possibly survive in those conditions. “He” could concievably survive in the
Martian atmosphere. Surface conditions were sampled by Vikings one and two, 1976, but the spacecraft showed no signs of life. Astronomer Cedric Allingham claimed that he met a Martian in Scotland on 18th February 1954. Can we really believe this now?
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CONCLUSION
The reader of this book will realize by now that the study of UFOlogy is not a true science. We do possess provocative UFO reports that ensure our interest. We do have a guaranteed sociological phenomenon of no mean importance. We also have a profound emotional climate surroudning the whole UFO subject which is affecting our objectivity in everything from the accurate reporting of sightings to the formation of hypothesis about collected reports. In the absence of any probative tools or techniues to help us prove that at least some of the UFO alligations are accrate, protrayals of extraordinary events, no legitamate framework for studyinf phenomenon currently exists. After examining 1,300 UFO reports first hand, on a case by case basis, I am still no closer to the nature of the this complex beast than when I started. After I have weeded out the “easy” IFOs and 10 per cent of the reports remain as “unworthy” UFOs, I still cannot confidently draw the distinction between a “real” physical phenonmenon and a complex misperception, a “real” physical CE3 event and sophisticated fantasy, a “real” physical trace case and a false match of IFO and un- related artifact. This is true despite the fact that I have tried to exploit every device, system or tool to which I can gain access.
No Information is available for the image across the page.
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I do not endevour to argue that UFOs do not, in some form, exist, ineed; why shouldnt they? The 20th Century hardly understands everything that is seen in its complex skies. Personally, I want there to be animalistic UFOs that defy the laws of physics, for the simple reason, that it would usher a new scientific revolution. But with our current inability to fully draw the distinction between real UFOs and IFOs, fantasies or hoaxed, coupled with a heated emotional atmosphere, I can only assert that it is my ffeeling that some UFO reports represent truly remarkable events... and while science may be initiated by feelings, it cannot be based on them. Unless we develop drastically new ideas and methodologies for the study of baffling UFo cases and the uman context in which they occur, we will watch the next thirty years of UFO report gathering simply mirror the futility and frustration of the last thirty years.
The UFO Handbook is the first of its kind on UFOs. It is both a “how t o g u i d e f o r t h e i n v e s t i g a t o r, l i s t i n g t o o l s , t e c h n i q u e s a n d p ro c e d u re s o f enquiry and a critical examination of the methods now employed by the amateurs and experts alike. Allan Hendry has collected over 1,300 UFO cases over a period of one year adopting a new system of catagorisation d e v i s e d b y D r. J . A l l e n H y n e k , t h e worlds leading UFO expert. The re s u l t h i g h l i g h t s t h e p ro b l e m s o f v e r i f i c a t i o n a n d p ro v i d e s t h e simple steps neccessary to confirm genuine sightings of common UFO phenomena wether they be nocturnal lights, daylight discs or close encounters of the first, s e c o n d o r t h i rd k i n d .
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