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No.240

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BUSINESS ENGLISH: 19 REALLY USEFUL PHRASAL VERBS FOR WORK & BUSINESS! TRAVEL DESTINATION: BOSTON!

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15777898

9 771577 789001

00240

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HARLEY-DAVIDSON THE AMERICAN DREAM

PLUS… phrasal verbs, grammar, idioms, vocabulary, useful expressions… and much, much more.

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EDITOR’S INTRO

Magazine Index

How you learn English with Hot English magazine

Pre-Intermediate (CEF level: A2)

Why are you learning English? To get a better job, to pass an official English exam, to travel, or just to communicate in English? Hot English magazine helps with all this.

1

Increase your vocabulary. In every issue of Hot English you’ll learn over 350 English words and expressions! Plus you’ll learn lots of idioms, phrasal verbs, grammar and more.

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Improve your listening. Every magazine has 60 minutes of spoken English audio. You’ll learn to understand English, plus you can hear lots of different accents!

3

4

Exam English. Hot English helps prepare you for official English exams (First Certificate, IELTS, TOEFL, etc.). How? Exams test your ability to speak and your range of vocabulary. Hot English improves your communication skills and your knowledge of words and expressions.

Business English. Practical English for the office, for meetings, for talking to clients – it’s all in Hot English.

Plus, read business tips from entrepreneurs.

5

Travel English. Want to travel to English-speaking countries? With Hot English you’ll learn the words and expressions you need for international travel!

6

Social English. How do native English speakers really talk? Learn with our natural English conversations. Also, learn English slang. Plus, in Hot English you’ll read about current events (news, culture, music, films) so you can make conversation with native English speakers.

7

Want to learn even more? Get an English Unlocked book. You’ll learn extra vocabulary, grammar, social English and business English. The English Unlocked books are linked to the topics in Hot English magazine. Visit our website for more details.

Hi, and welcome to another issue of Learn Hot English – the fun magazine for learning English. In this month’s issue, we’re looking at 19 useful phrasal verbs for work & business! Native English speakers use phrasal verbs all the time, but do you know what these ones mean? Learning them will really improve your English level.

Of course, that’s not all and we’re also looking at some London attractions, shoes, sharks, motorbikes, Boston, animal trivia, phrasal verbs, idioms, slang, vocabulary, UK-US word differences, a business topic, and lots, lots more. Well, we hope you enjoy reading and listening to this issue of Learn Hot English.

Have fun, learn lots of English and see you all next month!

3

Editorial

4

Top 10 attractions in London

6

Fingers’ Pronunciation

8

Vocabulary Intermediate (CEF level: B1)

10 Story Time 12 Amazing World - Shark Attack 14 Crank Calls 16 Interview English: 19 really useful

phrasal verbs for work & business!

18 Interview English: 19 really useful

phrasal verbs for work & business!

Exercises

12

Upper Intermediate (CEF level: B2)

20 Crossword 22 Fingers’ Grammar Clinic 23 Business Dialogues - The Builders 24 Animal Matching 25 Animal Triva 26 Idioms – Cat

16

28 Vocabulary - Shoes 29 Typical Dialogues - The Shoe Shop 31 Business Talk - The Promotional

Offer 33 Wordsearch & Matching 34 Living Abroad - Boston, USA 36 Living Abroad - The Boston

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Tea Party 38 Weird World Cartoon Advanced (CEF level: C1)

40 Amazing World - Boston, Beantown 42 Harley-Davidson - The American

Dream

44

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All material in this publication is strictly copyright, and all rights are reserved. Reproduction without permission is prohibited. The views expressed in Hot English Magazine do not necessarily represent the views of Hot English Publishing SL, although we do think that Jingle Bells is a jolly old song, and that Bridget Jones should stick with Mark Darcy.

44 Harley Bikers 45 Dictionary Of Slang 46 In The News 47 Phrasal Verbs - Get 48 Dr Fingers’ Grammar Clinic 49 US Bar Chat 50 Answers

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VIDEO

TOP 10 ATTRACTIONS IN LONDON!

! n o d n o L in s n io t Top 10 at trac

(answers on page 50)

4

Language

Use the words below to label the pictures.

fountain palace double decker bus bridge ferris wheel cathedral pub

1

Pre-viewing

1.

2.

3.

4.

You’re going to watch a video about the top 10 tourist attractions in London. Before watching the video, make a list of as many tourist attractions in London as you can.

2

First viewing

Watch the video once. Were any of the tourist attractions you thought of mentioned?

3

Second viewing

Watch the video again. Then, choose the correct answers.

1. When was the first church built on the site of St Paul’s Cathedral? a) the 7th century b) the 4th century 2. What’s at the centre of Trafalgar Square? a) some restaurants b) some fountains 3. Why should you take a ride in a double-decker bus? Because… a) …it’s so cheap b) …it’s a great way to tour the city 4. What can you see from a Thames river cruise? a) many of London’s attractions b) the poorest parts of the city 5. What can you find in Covent Garden? a) restaurants, pubs and shops b) mostly fruit and vegetable shops 6. When was the Tower of London built? a) about 500 years ago b) over 900 years ago 4

5.

6.

7.

Discussion Ask and answer the questions.

Ask and answer these questions.

What buildings are there in your capital city? How old are they? Which ones have you visited?

What are the main churches, cathedrals, etc.? When were they built?

What pubs or bars are there in your capital city? Are any famous or well-known? Why? What statues or fountains are there? Are any of them famous? Why? Are there any attractions that people can ride on in your city such as a Ferris wheel? What are they? Where are they? Have you ever been on it or them? What was it like?

Are there any famous bridges or in your capital city?

What are they? Why are they famous?

Are there any castles or palaces? What are they called?

Who are they for? Who lives there now?

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AUDIO

DR FINGERS’ PRONUNCIATION

DR FINGERS’PRONUNCIATION Hello, everybody, and welcome to my pronunciation course! (The answers to the exercise are on page 50)

Irregular Participles

Connected Speech

Exercise

This month we are looking at some past participles that are the same as the past tense, but different to the infinitive. Listen and repeat these verbs and their irregular pasts and past participles:

Well, that’s enough of that. Now let’s get on with some real pronouncing. In the following exercise we are going to look at these past participles in connected speech. As you can see, many of these past participles end with consonants. Now, when the following word starts with a vowel, these consonant sounds connect with the following vowel sound to form a new sound.

For example: “I have hung up the clothes”, which is like this if you say it in connected speech, “I have hun gup the clothes”.

Listen to some more examples: 1. I heard it yesterday = I hear dit yesterday.

2. She dreamt about me last night = she dream tabout me last night.

Now let’s do an exercise. Listen to the following sentences and repeat them with me. Then, listen again and try to write the sentence normally and in connected speech.

We’ve done the first one for you. Good luck!

Infinitive

Past

Participle

To bring To buy To catch To fight To teach To think

Brought Bought Caught Fought Taught Thought

Brought Bought Caught Fought Taught Thought

Participles In Context Before looking at some of these participles in connected speech, I would like to perform one of my famous raps. This should help you see these participles in context.

Once again, I asked my good friend DJ Stokes to lay down a drum ‘n’ bass line. I hope you enjoy my little rap, especially as the language focus of my rap is based on the pronunciation of these past participles.

1. We have brought it again = we have brought it again.

2. ________________________________ 3. ________________________________ 4. ________________________________ 5. ________________________________ 6. ________________________________ 7. ________________________________ 8. ________________________________ 9. ________________________________ 10. ________________________________ OK, that’s all for today. Bye for now, and happy talking!

Dr Fingers’ Rap - “Why do my students hate me?”

It is so strange for me to see, That my students can’t stand me, I’ve taught them well, and been through hell, But they still don’t know how to spell.

I’ve lent them money to buy them sweets, And found the time to bring them treats, But nothing seems to make them smile, And they continue to be so vile.

Just this week I’ve caught a cold, And I’m feeling ever so old, So I think I’ll go to bed, And try to rest my weary head.

6

GLOSSARY my students can’t stand me exp my students hate me (I’ve) been through hell exp this means: I’ve had a really bad experience to spell vb to write words correctly, with the letters in the correct order a treat n a nice, special thing you give someone if they have been good vile adj terrible, horrible a weary head n if you have a “weary head”, you feel very tired

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AUDIO

VOCABULARY

VOCABULARY 1

Matching

3

Match the words (1 to 10) to the pictures (a-j).

1. Single bed / double bed 2. Mattress 3. Chest of drawers 4. Wardrobe (“closet” in US English) 5. Bedside table with a bedside light / lamp 6. Curtains 7. Duvet 8. Pillow 9. Blanket 10. Dirty clothes basket / laundry basket / washing basket

Blog completion

Complete the blog with the correct form of to be or have got.

Cool People.com

Profiles » » Phoebe » » Phoebe (1) 29 years old. She (2) two sisters and one brother. Her mum (3) Scottish and her dad is American. She (4) a motorbike and two cars. She (5) (not) at work today because it (6) a holiday.

b

a

d c

e g f

Your turn!

Write a short paragraph about someone you know.

4

h

At the police station

Listen to the conversation (audio script on page 50). Then, complete the table with the information about the missing bag.

i

Crime report sheet 1. Name and surname

j 2

Vocabulary

Complete the vocabulary lists with two more words for each group.

1. Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday...

2. Spring, summer...

3. January, February, March, April...

4. T-shirt, trousers, socks...

5. Cinema, supermarket, park, restaurant...

6. Ship, train, bicycle...

7. Mum, dad, brother...

8. Rainy, sunny, snowy...

9. Journalist, salesperson, vet, shop assistant...

10. Back, leg, arm, eye...

8

2. Address 3. Missing object 4. Time lost 5. Place where lost 6. Description of item 7. Items inside bag 8. Contact number

Your turn!

Write a short dialogue that takes place in a police station.

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AUDIO

Jokes, stories and anecdotes as told by native English speakers

STORY TIME

e m i t y r o t S In this section you can hear native English speakers telling each other jokes.

The Chopper

The Name of the Game

I know a good joke. Well, there’s this couple who are on holiday in Greece. They’ve been there two weeks and they’re bored of the beach so they go into town looking for things to do. All of a sudden they see a sign saying, “Helicopter tours 250 dollars”. And the husband turns to the wife and goes, “250 dollars! That’s a helluva lot of money just to look around a helicopter!”

This guy has been married for twenty years. And for the past three years he’s been calling his wife names like “Sugar Lump”, “Kitten”, “Honey Bunch” and” Poochykins”. One day his friend hears this and goes, “Hey, you know, that’s really cute the way you call your wife all those nice things. It really shows how much you care about her.”

And the husband replies, “Well, to tell you the truth, I’ve just forgotten her name.”

Misinterpretation This traffic cop suddenly sees a woman doing about 220 kph down the motorway. He pulls her over and asks to see her licence. She shows it to him and he says, “According to your licence, you are supposed to be wearing glasses.”

“But officer,” she replies, “I have contacts.”

“I don’t care who you know,” the traffic policeman says angrily. “You were speeding and that’s against the law.”

Fatty I know one too. This guy is really worried about his weight so he buys some bathroom scales. Every day he stands on them and checks his weight. One day his wife notices him and sees how he’s desperately holding his stomach in, trying to look thinner. “I don’t think that doing that is going to make you weigh less,” says his wife.

And the man replies, “I know, but it’s the only way I can read the numbers.”

GLOSSARY

Business This woman goes to the bank to enquire about funds to start a business. “I’d like to start a small business,” she says to the bank manager. “How do I go about it?”

“Oh, that’s simple,” the bank manager replies. “You just buy a big one, then wait a few months.”

10

a chopper n inform a helicopter helluva exp inform “a hell of a” = a lot to look around phr vb to inspect, to look inside bathroom scales n an object you stand on that tells you how many kilos you weigh to hold your stomach in exp to attempt to make your stomach appear less fat than it really is by breathing in deeply cute adj nice and attractive

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doing about 220 kph exp driving at 220 kph to pull over phr vb if the police “pull you over”, they tell you to stop driving so they can ask you some questions a contact n an important person who you know; also, a shortened term for “contact lenses” (little objects you put in your eyes to help you see better) speeding n driving too fast on the motorway (the large road with many lanes)

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AUDIO

A look at some cool places from around the world

SHARK ATTACK

Amazing World

SHARK ATTACK More stories about some scary encounters with sharks.

A Boating Incident 35-year-old Sandra Graves had a nasty experience with a shark while she was in a kayak in the harbour waters near San Francisco.

“It was Thursday evening and we were near the Marina in the Parramatta River when the shark suddenly hit the boat. I was immediately thrown into the water by the impact. I grabbed onto the kayak and watched as the fin went round and round me. Then, it suddenly disappeared into the water. It was at this point that I decided to make a mad swim for the shore. I put my head down and swam as fast as I could. But after a while I started to get tired. Luckily I noticed a navigational buoy and I climbed onto it.

Some friends were close by and they saw what happened and went to report the incident; and within half-an-hour a rescue boat came to pick me up. I never saw the shark again, but the coast guard found the kayak with a large bite mark and part of a tooth in it.

I’m glad that wasn’t my arm or leg, that’s all I can say.”

What was that?

55-year-old Simon was with his friend Chuck Anderson swimming in the Gulf of Mexico when they were the victims of a shark attack.

“I was swimming in the sea when I suddenly saw this dark shadow under me, and I felt an unusual current going along my body. ‘That’s strange,’ I thought. Then I realised what it had been: a shark. And just at that moment I saw the shark coming right at me. Almost immediately I decided that I wasn’t going to die without a fight.

So, as it came towards me, I hit it really hard on the nose. I thought that might make it go away, but it came at me again and again.

And so it went on: I would punch him, he would retreat, and then

12

I would swim as fast as I could for about 5 to 10 seconds. Then, I would have to turn around and face him again. He chased me all the way to the shore. Experts told me later that it was a full-grown bull shark. They can be up to 4 metres long and weigh 250 kilos.

I’ve still got the scars on my legs and arms, and I won’t be going back into the water again for a while, I can tell you.”

Divine Justice Susan is a diving instructor who works in the Cayman Islands. She remembers a funny incident with a shark and two of her students.

“I’ve got a great job as I get to go out into the water every day and do what I most love: scuba diving. However, I do occasionally have some difficult students. A couple of years ago, there were two guys, Brad and Jeff, who were doing the basic diving course with me. Brad was really excited about doing the course, but Jeff was really nervous about going into the water because of all the stories he’d heard about sharks. I managed to reassure him enough to get him out on his first open-water dive. But just as we were about to get into the water, Brad started joking and saying things like, “Look, there’s a shark!”. Of course, poor Jeff got scared again and refused to get into the water.

The funny thing is that just as we got into the water, an enormous nurse shark swam towards us. As soon as Brad saw it, he started screaming hysterically. And I must say, I’ve never seen anyone jump out of the water and onto a boat so fast in all my life. But I suppose it served him right. Neither Brad nor Jeff ever went in the water with me again after that, which was a pity because they never finished the course.

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Wouldn’t it be exciting to come face to face with a shark in the ocean? Unfortunately, the probability of this happening is very slim. However, you can increase your chances by following our ten-step guide.

How To Meet A Shark - 10 top tips

Just In Time Rick Reeder was in the water in Hawaii, finishing part of a 12-kilometre race when a great white shark came after him.

“I was in a swimming race when the captain of the escort boat suddenly started waving at me. My first thought was that they’re waving to encourage me; and I waved back at them. But then I heard someone yell, ‘Get in the boat, now!’ At that point I put my face back down in the water and started to swim to the boat as fast as I could.

As I was swimming I didn’t have much time to think. And as soon as I reached the boat, my buddies grabbed for me, pulling at my legs and arms and everything. And just as they pulled my feet out of the water, the shark appeared with its mouth open, ready to take a bite. The shark continued to circle the boat for about 15 minutes and I could see the beast. It was a frightening thought to think that I could have been his lunch. Immediately afterwards, we tried to tell the other 57 boats about the hungry shark.

We eventually got everyone out of the water, and no one was hurt.

But I’ll never forget that terrible experience.”

1. Always swim alone - never in groups.

2. Swim far from the shore - never near the coast - sharks like deep water.

3. Swim at night or the early morning - these are sharks’ feeding times.

4. Always enter the water if you are bleeding - the smell of blood is guaranteed to excite sharks.

5. Swim with shiny jewellery - this will attract the shark’s attention.

6. Always wear brightly-coloured clothing.

7. Splash around a lot - sharks are often attracted to movement in the water.

8. If you see a school of fish, try to swim with them sharks will probably be close by and think you are a big fish.

9. If you see a shark, try to swim close to it and play with it.

10. If the shark is really close, hold on to the fin and ride it.

What fun!

A Shark Joke Marine biology researchers have developed a new method to fend off shark attacks. If you are diving and are approached by a shark they recommend that you swim towards it aggressively and punch it in the nose as hard as possible. And if this doesn’t work, beat the shark with your stump.”

GLOSSARY nasty adj horrible and bad a kayak n a small boat like a canoe a fin n the triangular part of a shark’s back that is out of the water when it is swimming a mad swim n swimming in a panic, and frantically the shore n the coast; the area of land next to the sea a navigational buoy n an orange object that is in the water and that ships use to help them navigate (decide a course) to pick someone up phr vb if you “pick someone up” in the water, you stop your boat and take that person into your boat to come at someone phr vb to go towards someone with the intention of attacking them to punch vb to hit with a closed hand to chase vb to run and try to catch someone a scar n a mark on your body where you have cut

yourself and the broken skin has closed a diving instructor n a person who teaches you how to “dive” (go under water with oxygen) scuba diving n the sport that consists of going under water with oxygen to get scared exp to become frightened to refuse vb to say that you will not do something it served him right exp this expression means: “I am pleased that something bad happened to him/ her because he/she did something bad before” to wave vb to move your hand in the air as a way of saying “hello” to encourage vb to say nice things to someone in order to help them decide to do something a buddy n US a friend to grab vb to take with your hands and with force

GLOSSARY very slim exp not very probable increase your chances exp increase the probability that something will happen feeding times n the time when sharks are eating and looking for food to bleed vb if you are “bleeding”, red liquid is coming out of your body to splash around phr vb to play in the water, making a lot of noise and moving a lot

a school of fish n a group of fish that are swimming together a fin n sharks have “fins” on their backs. The fin is triangular and is often out of the water as the shark is swimming to fend off n to use your arms and hands to defend yourself against someone who is attacking you a stump n the bit of your arm that remains after a shark has eaten part of it

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13

SHARK ATTACK

SHARKS

AUDIO

Telephone conversations to help improve your listening skills.

CRANK CALLS

Crank Calls Here are some more crank calls - those funny telephone calls that are designed to wind people up.

Have fun listening to these two. (answers on page 50)

Crank Call II - The Hairdresser’s Crank Call I - The Prize For this call we phoned someone to congratulate them for having won first prize in a competition. Listen to the conversation and answer this question: In your opinion, what words might describe the woman’s response to the telephone call?

Victim: Hot: Victim: Hot: Victim: Hot: Victim: Hot: Victim: Hot: Victim: Hot: Victim: Hot: Victim: Hot:

Victim: Hot: Victim: Hot:

14

Hello?

Hi, this is Warner TimeShare Productions. You have won first prize in our competition.

First prize? What for? I didn’t enter any competition.

Your name was selected.

Oh, alright. What did I win?

The first prize is three dogs.

What? Three dogs?

Yes, three dogs.

But I live in the centre in a small apartment - I can’t have three dogs.

What?

I can’t take the dogs.

You can’t take them.

There are two of us living in one room.

Well, the dogs could sleep in the kitchen. They’re housetrained.

No, it’s out of the question.

Well, couldn’t you just take them. Then, if you change your mind, you could dump them somewhere. You know, you could take them down to the railway line.

I’m not going to do that.

Or you could drown them.

You’re joking.

Mmm… I don’t suppose you know anybody who likes dog meat, do you?

For this call we phoned a hairdresser’s and made a very special request. Listen to the conversation and answer this question: What does the hairdresser try to do at the end of the conversation?

Victim: Hot: Victim: Hot: Victim: Hot: Victim: Hot: Victim: Hot: Victim: Hot: Victim: Hot: Victim:

“Scissors Hair Salon”, how can I help you?

Oh, hi, do you do men’s hair?

Yes, sir.

Oh good, I was wondering whether you would be able to shine my bald patch.

I beg your pardon.

To shine my bald patch.

Well, we don’t normally do that kind of thing.

But you could this time? A non-reflective bald patch frightens people.

I guess. But I’m not quite sure what to use.

Car wax would be fine. When can I come?

Are you sure about that?

Yes, shall I bring my own wax and cloth?

Yes, erm, maybe I should pass you on to the manager.

No, I don’t want to speak to the manager, bye.

Oh, right, bye.

GLOSSARY to wind someone up phr vb to irritate someone and make them angry house-trained adj if a dog or cat is “house-trained”, it goes to the toilet in a special box reserved for the animal to dump vb to leave; to put quickly and casually the railway line n the thin metal lines that the train travels on to drown vb to kill something by putting it in water a hairdresser’s n a shop where you can get a haircut.

The person is the “hairdresser” do you do men’s hair? exp this means: “do you cut men’s hair?” to shine vb

to clean something (metal, usually) so it is bright and shiny a bald patch n an area on your head that has no hair non-reflective adj that does not reflect light I guess exp I think so; I suppose car wax n a substance used to clean the outside of a car a cloth n a piece of material used for cleaning to pass somebody on to another person exp on the telephone: to connect someone with another person in the same building/ organisation, etc

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PHRASAL VERB

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19 USEFUL PHRASAL VERBS WORK & BUSINESS!

19 USEFUL PHRASAL VERBS WORK & BUSINESS! Native English speakers use phrasal verbs all the time.

So, you need to understand their meaning if you want to follow conversations. In this lesson, you’ll learn 19 really useful phrasal verbs to use in business and at work. This is the second part of a new series. Learn these phrasal verbs, then use them whenever you can.

1

Talk over

If you “talk over” a problem or issue, you discuss it and try to find a solution to it: “They talked over the problem in the meeting.”

6

Bail out of (a deal)

If you “bail out of” a deal, you stop forming part of it or negotiating with the other party: “They bailed out of the deal because they didn’t think it was a good idea.”

16

2

Aim for

If you “aim for” something, you try to have or get that thing: “We’re aiming for a 10% increase in sales this month.”

7

Bank on

If you “bank on” something happening, you need it to happen, and you hope it will happen, but it isn’t certain: “We’re banking on their support in the elections because we need their votes.”

3

Back up

If you “back up” data or computer files, you make a copy of them: “You must back up all your work at the end of the day.”

8

Snowed under

If you’re “snowed under”, you have a lot of work to do and not much time to do it: “I’m snowed under all this week.

Can we meet up sometime next week?” [We mostly use this verb in the passive sense: to be snowed under.]

4

Team up

If you “team up” with another person or group, you work together to complete a project or task: “The pharmaceutical companies teamed up so they could develop the new drug.”

9

Take over

If you “take over” something, you take control of it, or you take responsibility for something that another person had before: “She’s taken over a few of the marketing manager’s duties as he’s on paternity leave.”

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5

Turn down

If you “turn down” an offer or request, you say that you don’t want it, or won’t do it: “She turned down the job offer because she had a better one from another company.”

10 Switch

over to

If you “switch over to” a different system, etc., you stop using the old one, and start using the new one: “We decided to switch over to the new system because it was easier to use.”

Weigh up

If you “weigh up” the benefits of something, you think about the advantages or disadvantages of it so you can decide what to do: “I think we need to weigh up the cost of switching over to the accounting software.”

14 Trade

in

If you “trade in” your car (for example), you give your old car to a car dealership in return for a payment. This payment is often used to reduce the price of a new car you want: “You get $1,000 off the new car if you trade in your old one, provided that it’s in good working condition.”

12 Carve

up

13 Work

If you “carve up” something, you divide it into smaller pieces: “After buying the company, they carved it up and sold off the parts they didn’t want.”

Literally, if you “carve” meat, you cut it into small, thin pieces.

15 Trade

off

16 To

If you “trade off” A for B, you give someone A (which is something you like or appreciate) so you can have B (which is something you want even more): “She agreed to trade off her work from home flexibility (A) for less work and a lighter workload (B).”

out

If you try to “work out” what’s happening, you try to discover what people are doing: “We need to work out what they’re planning to do, so we can make our own plans.”

2 If you “work out” the cost of something, you do a calculation so you can know the cost: “I need you to work out the total cost of each airconditioning unit, please.”

3 If something “works out”, it’s good and successful in the end: “The business deal worked out well in the end.”

1

pay out

If you “pay out” money, you use the money to buy something, or to make a payment: “We’ve paid out over $40,000 to shareholders this year.”

2 If an investment starts “paying out”, you start receiving money from this investment: “It will be at least 8 years before this investment starts paying out and we begin receiving regular payments.”

1

19 USEFUL PHRASAL VERBS WORK & BUSINESS!

11

UNDERSTANDING PHRASAL VERBS A phrasal verb consists of a verb and a particle (usually a preposition). In some cases, the verb can help you understand the meaning of the phrasal verb (the preposition doesn’t really change much): • They’re working away = They’re working.

• They sold off many of their assets = They sold many of their assets.

Very often, the preposition only changes the meaning a little. For example: • I finished the work.

• I finished up the work.

[I finished all of it.]

Here are some other verbs and phrasal verbs with very little difference in meaning: print-print out, call-call up, close-close down, meet-meet up…

However, in other cases, the particle can help you understand the phrasal verb.

For example, up has the idea of “going to a higher level”: • Prices have been going up. (increasing) • We went up the stairs. (to a higher floor)

17 To

pay off

If you “pay off” a debt, you return all the money you owed: “The company wants to pay off the debt as soon as possible.”

2 If your work starts to “pay off”, it starts to be profitable, or produce good results: “All our hard work has finally paid off as the new product is selling really well.”

1

18 Stand

out

19 Take

If something “stands out”, you can notice it easily: “The yellow letters really stand out against the black background.”

2 If someone “stands out”, they’re much better than others in the group: “We had lots of good applicants for the post, but Paula really stands out from the rest.”

1

off

If a product “takes off”, it becomes very popular quickly: “The clothes website really took off among teenagers.”

2 If you “take off” time from work, you ask for permission to have some holiday so you can deal with personal matters: “She took some time off work because she was moving house.”

1

GUESS! Of course, there are some phrasal verbs that are quite hard to understand. So, if the verb or preposition can’t help, you should try to guess the meaning of the phrasal verb from the context. For example: “They’ve put off the meeting until next week because the president is sick.” In this case, you could probably imagine that “put off” means to delay.

GLOSSARY paternity leave = if you are on “paternity leave”, you have permission to be at home for a few weeks-months because you have a newborn baby advantages = the “advantages” of something are the good things about it a car dealership = a shop that sells cars

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17

19 USEFUL PHRASAL VERBS WORK & BUSINESS!

EXERCISES TO HELP YOU REMEMBER THE WORDS & EXPRESSIONS! Answers on page 50

1

Gap-fill exercise

Complete the sentences with the words from below.

talked banking

aiming

paid

trade

back

snowed

work

1. All our hard work has finally off as the new product is selling really well.

2. We need to out our monthly costs.

3. We’re on their support for the project as we need their votes.

4. They over the problem in the meeting.

5. Don’t forget to up all your work before you leave tonight.

6. You get $1,000 off the new car if you in your old one.

7. I’m under all this week. Can we meet up sometime next week?

8. We’re for a 10% increase in sales this month.

2

Sentence completion

Complete the sentences with the missing letters.

1. We decided to swi over to the new system because it was easier to use.

2. After buying the company, they car it up and sold off the parts they didn’t want.

3. They bai out of the deal because they didn’t think it was a good idea.

4. The business deal wo out well in the end.

5. She to some time off work because she was moving house.

18

6. She tu down the job offer because she had a better one on the table.

7. I think we need to we up the cost of switching over to the accounting software.

8. I need you to wo out the total cost of each air-conditioning unit, please.

9. All files are ba up to the cloud on a daily basis.

10. The pharmaceutical companies te up so they could develop the new drug.

3

Gap-fill exercise

Complete the sentences with the words from below.

paid

stand

took

stands

taken

trade

paying

pay

1. She’s over a few of the marketing manager’s duties.

2. The clothes website really off among teenagers.

3. It will be at least 8 years before this investment starts out and we receive regular payments.

4. We’ve out over $40,000 to shareholders this year.

5. We had lots of good applicants for the post, but Paula really out from the rest.

6. The company wants to off the debt as soon as possible.

7. She agreed to off her work from home flexibility for a lighter workload.

8. The yellow letters really out against the black background.

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ANSWERS ON PAGE 50

CROSSWORD

CROSSWORD

Across 1: 3: 4: 8: 9: 11: 13: 15: 16: 20: 24: 26: 27: 28: 29: 30: 33: 35:

The energy and feeling between two people Not the legal age for buying alcohol, etc: under_______ An American English word that means “friend” If a dog or cat is like this, it goes to the toilet in a special box: house- ____________ This expression means, “I suppose so”: I __________ so To move your hand in the air as a way of saying “hello” The crime of burning things illegally To fall on a surface either accidentally or on purpose Horrible, disgusting and not nice: n___ Stupid: d_____ Extreme anger This expression means “my house”: my ___________ To go towards someone with the intention of attacking them: to come ________ someone Something that people say when they fall or make a mistake: wh______ If a business does this, it stops working: to go b_______ If you do this, your leg hits something and you fall A period of time in which you work: s_____ The person responsible for a crime: cu_______

Down 1: The table in a shop where you pay for the goods

20

2: 5: 6: 7: 8: 9: 10: 12: 14: 17: 18: 19: 21: 22: 23: 25: 26: 28: 31: 32: 34:

To die because you haven’t eaten: to die of _____________ Angry and sad To feel bad about something you did in the past. To r_______ To decrease the volume: to turn the volume __________ If you do this, you put your foot on something: t_______ To become frightened: to ____ scared To make very, very wet. To s______ A mark on your body in the place where you were cut: s_______ On the telephone: to pass somebody ___ to another person The coast; the area of land next to the sea. The s_______ A piece of material used for cleaning Disordered and not tidy: m____ At full volume: at full ___________ To jump To take with your hands and with force A person who likes to dominate people and tell them what to do: b_____ An area on your head with no hair: a bald p_________ A small object you carry in your pocket that has your money, credit cards, etc in it To hit with a closed hand - boxers often do it This expression means, “I know”: I am __________ The triangular part of a shark’s back that is out of the water when it is swimming

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DR FINGERS’GRAMMAR CLINIC

AUDIO

DR FINGERS’GRAMMARdayCLINIC ’s class: Dear Dr Fingers, I have three questions for you. I hope you can help me.

1. Firstly, I saw this sentence and I would like to know what the meaning of “should” is: “If Tom should call, tell him I’ll be back at 6pm.”

2. Secondly, what is this sentence with the past tense verb “went”?

“It’s time you went.”

To “Should”, “it’s time...” and “among”

3. And finally, please explain why the verb “was” is singular.

I thought the word “people” was a plural word.”

“Among the injured people was a three-year-old child.”

Thank you very much.

Garfie (by e-mail).

Dear Garfie, Thank you very much for your e-mail. Of course, I would be delighted to help you with your difficulties. I will deal with each of your problems in the order in which you presented them to me.

1. “If Tom should call, tell him I’ll be back at 6pm.”

In English, we can use “should” to introduce an element of uncertainty. Compare these two sentences, which are both very similar: a) “If Brian arrives early, please tell him to do the work.” b) “If Brian should arrive early, please tell him to do the work.”

The main difference between these two sentences is that in example “b” (with “should”), the speaker feels that the possibility is smaller. Basically, the use of “should” introduces an element of uncertainty. These days, this expression is slightly antiquated and formal.

2. “It’s time you went.”

We use the past tense with expressions like “it’s time”, even though the meaning is present or future. So, “it’s time you went”, means something like, “I think it is time for you to go”, or, “I think you should go”. Here is another example: ”It’s time you told me the truth”, which basically means, “I think it is time for you to tell me the truth”, or, “I think you should tell me the truth”.

We often use this expression (it is time + object pronoun + past tense verb) to criticise someone, or to warn them about something. For example: “It’s about time you got up”, which means, “I think you should get up”.

3. “Among the injured people was a three-year-old child.”

Yes, you are correct, “people” is plural. However, the following verb “was” is determined by the noun “a three-year-old child”.

Here are some more examples: a) Among the wreckage of the ship were three gold coins. b) Among the people in the crowd was an abandoned dog.

Bye Well, I hope my explanations have put your troubled mind at rest.

Now, I think it’s about time I went for a gin and tonic, otherwise known as a G & T. Yours, Dr Fingers.

22

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AUDIO

BUSINESS DIALOGUES

BUSINESSDIALOGUES THE BUILDERS In this dialogue, Susan, a building contractor, is discussing progress at a building site with John. There are a few problems. Listen to the dialogue and answer these questions: 1. What is the main problem?

2. What excuses does John have?

Susan: Hi, I just came down to check up on what’s been going on.

John: Well, as you can see, we’ve been making good progress.

Have you seen what I’ve done in the bathroom?

Susan: I’d rather not look.

John: I was referring to the tiling. I think it’s turned out pretty good.

Susan: OK, I’ll have a look later. What about the floor? Have you got all the floorboards down in the upstairs bedrooms?

John: We’ve laid down the concrete…

Susan: I hope there are no dead bodies.

John: Very funny!

Susan: Good. Right, now to the difficult part. Do you think things are on schedule? Will you get the job done on time?

John: Look, this is a big job and we just don’t have the manpower at the moment.

Susan: Well, you’re supposed to have this all wrapped up by the end of next month.

John: Impossible. Without more people we can’t do it.

Susan: Couldn’t you get your guys working a bit harder.

John: We’re going flat out, and besides, they’re professionals doing a top quality job. Here, just look at the paintwork on these doors.

Susan: Yes, it’s very impressive, but right now we’re more concerned about deadlines.

John: You’re not gonna get a better job than this. Just feel these walls, solid as a rock, and so smooth to the touch…

(Susan touches the wall and there’s a loud crashing sound as the wall falls down on top of John) Susan: What the… Are you alright down there?

John: Yes, I think so, although the wall is a bit heavy. What did you do?

Susan: I didn’t do anything… So what are you going to do about your rock solid walls now?

John: I think we’d better get back to the drawing board. Oh, and could you call an ambulance, please?

Susan: Very well.

Exercise Now listen to some extracts from the conversation again.

You will notice there are some missing words and a beeping sound. See if you can write the missing word. Answers on page 50.

1. Hi, I just came down to check __________ on what’s been going on.

2. I was referring __________ the tiling.

3. Do you think things are ________ schedule?

4. Will you get the job done __________ time?

5. You’re supposed to have this all wrapped ________ by the end of next month.

6. Right now we’re more concerned ___________ deadlines.

GLOSSARY to check up on phr vb to investigate tiling n a “tile” is a square ceramic object that we use to cover the walls in bathrooms and kitchens to turn out phr vb if something “turns out” a certain way, it happens that way pretty good exp quite good floorboards n long pieces of wood that are on the floor in houses to lay down concrete n to put the concrete (cement) on the floor on schedule exp

on time; according to plan manpower n workers to wrap up phr vb to conclude, to finish to go flat out exp to work very hard paintwork n the covering of paint on the walls a deadline n a time when a job must be finished gonna abbr going to to get back to the drawing board exp this expression means: to start something again

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23

ANIMAL MATCHING

Animal Matching Exercise See if you can do this matching exercise. Look at the list of things (1 to 12), and the photos ( A - K ). Write a letter next to the name of each thing in the list below. Answers also on page 50 1. Ant 2. Cat 3. Rat 4. Mouse 5. Pig 6. Frog

B

7. Cockroach 8. Woodpecker 9. Lobster

A

10. Mite 11. Reptile

G

12. Bees

C

K

D

F

E

J

H

24

I

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L

AUDIO

Here are some more interesting and fascinating facts about animals.

Worker ants can live for up to seven years (unless you tread on them); and the queen ant may live as long as 15 years.

only one purpose: to help the babies break the egg and enter the world. Incidentally, egg teeth fall off a few hours after birth.

A queen bee lays thousands of eggs, but only one of them will survive. The first, strong queen bee that emerges eats all the others, and thereafter she can reign alone.

Certain frogs are very special and can be frozen and then thawed and then come back to life again. Please don’t try this at home.

One of Korea’s most popular items on summertime menus is “poshintang”, which is basically dog meat soup. The soup is believed to improve male virility, and improve women’s complexions. Watch out, Fido!

When ants find food, they lay down a chemical trail so that other ants can find their way from the nest to the delicious plate of food.

How kind!

When the Black Death swept across England many people thought that cats were responsible. As a result, thousands of the innocent felines were killed. Ironically, those people who kept their cats were less affected by the plague because the cats ate all the real culprits: rats.

Carnivorous animals won’t eat another animal that has been struck by lightning. How fussy!

The most common mammal in the US is the mouse.

In an emergency, a large kangaroo can jump more than 10 metres.

Incidentally, a young kangaroo is called a “joey”.

The largest cockroach on record measured ten centimetres in length.

By the way, a cockroach can live for about three days without its head; and then it dies of starvation.

A cow gives nearly 200,000 glasses of milk in her lifetime.

Incidentally, no two cows have exactly the same pattern of spots.

A woodpecker can peck twenty times a second, which is a lot of pecking!

An adult male ostrich, the world’s largest bird, can weigh up to 170 kilos, which is the equivalent of one Azerbaijani weight-lifter.

There are pink elephants in some regions of India. They get their colour from the red soil as they spray dust over their bodies to protect themselves from insects.

It takes a lobster approximately seven years to grow to be two kilos.

A typical bed has more than 6 billion mites in it. So now you know: you are never alone at night.

GLOSSARY

The largest pig on record was a Poland-China called Big Bill. He weighed about 1,000 kilos, which is a lot of bacon.

The last member of the famous Bonaparte family, Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte, had a very unfortunate death: he died in 1945 after tripping over his dog’s leash. How spectacular!

Many scientists believe that birds evolved from reptiles. Both species lay eggs, and they both have special “egg teeth” that serve

to tread vb if you “tread” on something, you put your foot on that thing a chemical trail n a route created by a chemical substance that comes out of the ant a nest n a house that birds build for living in to sweep across phr vb to move across an area very quickly.

Literally, to “sweep” is to clean the floor with a brush a culprit n the person who is responsible for a crime struck by lightning exp killed by lightning (a bright flash in the sky that happens during a storm) fussy adj difficult to please or make happy ; someone who demands a lot to trip vb if you “trip”, your leg hits something and you fall a dog’s leash n a piece of leather, plastic or rope that is tied to a dog so you can control the dog to lay an egg exp if an animal “lays an egg”, an egg comes

out of its body to reign vb to rule to thaw vb if something frozen (with ice) “thaws”, it returns to the temperature in the room or air and the ice disappears to come back to life again exp to become alive again after having “died” virility n with all the traditional qualities of strength and sexuality to die of starvation n to die because you have not eaten a pattern of spots n the shapes and forms produced by all the coloured circles (spots) on the cow’s body to peck vb if a bird “pecks” at something, it hits that thing with its beak (its nose) a weight-lifter n a person who lifts heavy weights as a sport soil n the earth a mite n a tiny insect that lives on plants, animals or humans

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25

ANIMAL TRIVIA

Animal Trivia

CAT IDIOMS

CAT IDIOMS Here are some more cat idioms. Illustrations by www.carosia.com Has the cat got your tongue?

This is a question we ask people who won’t talk.

It is often asked jokingly to children who are too shy to talk, or who refuse to talk.

“Come on! I’m waiting for an explanation. What’s wrong? Has the cat got your tongue?”

To be like a cat on hot bricks / on a hot tin roof To be very nervous and unable to keep still: “What’s the matter with you? You are like a cat on hot bricks.”

To fight like cat and dog To argue violently all the time: “As kids we fought like cat and dog.”

Not to have a cat in hell’s chance People use this expression to say that something is impossible, and will never happen: “They think they can go over the mountain in this terrible weather. They haven’t got a cat in hell’s chance.”

Like the cat that got the cream / like the cat that ate the canary

To let the cat out of the bag To tell people a secret. To tell people information, often without intending to: “I was trying to keep his surprise birthday party a secret, but unfortunately I let the cat out of the bag.”

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To appear to be very content, satisfied and happy in a way that is annoying for other people: “Sam got the best results in the exam and now he looks like the cat that got the cream.”

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VOCABULARY SHOES

VOCABULARY SHOES Here is some useful vocabulary related to shoes.

Boots - these are the large shoes

Sole - this is the base of the shoe and the part that touches the ground. Flat, smooth soles are excellent for skating on wet ground. Buy innersoles to keep your feet fresh. The innersole may also be used as a handkerchief in an emergency.

that go above your ankles. They come in many shapes and sizes, from small, ankle-high ones, to long, thigh-high ones that are commonly worn by “professional ladies” and male members of parliament, particularly from the Conservative party.

Shoe horn - this object is used to help you put on your shoe. They are found in shoe shops… and nowhere else.

Sandals - these are the shoes you wear to keep your feet cool and to give you that Jesus look.

Slippers - these are the comfortable shoes that you wear at home. Disguise your slippers as real shoes and wear them in the street for extra comfort.

Shoe lace - these are the pieces of cord or string that you use to “close” your shoes. They have an irritating tendency to break in the morning if you have to get somewhere quickly.

Clogs - these are heavy, wooden shoes only worn by the Dutch and the insane.

Shoe Sizes - Finding the right sized shoes is difficult; but even more difficult if you go abroad because almost every country in the world has its own system of measuring feet and shoes. For example, if you are size 40 in Europe, you are size 7 in Britain if you are a man, size 6 and a half if you are a woman, size 25 and a half in Japan if you are a man, size 25 if you are a woman, and size 7 and a half in the US if you are a man, and size 9 if you are a woman. What a mess!

Trainers (“sneakers” in the US) these are the sports shoes you wear to play tennis, to go running, etc.

Wear trainers with formal clothes to give you an alternative and trendy look.

Heels - this is the back part of the shoe on the bottom of the shoe. Heels come in all shapes and sizes from very flat ones, to high ones with a sharp point, otherwise known as stilettos. Improve your sense of balance by wearing high heels and walking along cobbled streets. Guaranteed results.

Toes - these are the front ends of the shoe, and they also come in many shapes and sizes. Boots with steel toes are traditionally worn by the three “Bs”: builders, bikers and bricklayers.

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GLOSSARY an ankle n the joint between your foot and your leg ankle-high n that goes up as far as your ankle a thigh n the top part of your leg on the sides a member of parliament n a person who has been elected and who works in the parliament a look n the way you dress, and your general appearance to disguise vb in this case: to change your slippers so they appear to be shoes trendy adj fashionable cobbled streets n

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streets with lots of square-shaped stones on them a biker n a person who rides a motorbike and is a member of a gang (a group of bikers) a bricklayer n a person who builds houses, putting the bricks (stones) in place to skate vb to move smoothly and quickly over the ground an innersole n a piece of material that goes inside a shoe. It is designed to make the shoe more comfortable handkerchief n a piece of material that you can use to clean your nose or mouth

AUDIO

TYPICALDIALOGUES

TYPICAL DIALOGUES

ANSWERS ON PAGE 50

THE SHOE SHOP Here’s a typical dialogue with lots of useful vocabulary and expressions to use when you’re buying shoes. In this scene, Mr Pie is trying to choose the right shoes. Listen to the dialogue and answer this question: Why does the man want the shoes?

Mr Pie: Shop: Mr Pie: Shop: Mr Pie: Shop: Mr Pie: Shop: Mr Pie: Shop: Shop: Mr Pie: Shop: Mr Pie: Shop: Mr Pie: Shop: Mr Pie: Shop: Mr Pie: Shop:

Good afternoon. I’d like these shoes here.

Which ones, sir?

The ones with laces, high heels and pointed toes.

Very well, what size are you?

I’m size 8.

Size 8?

Yes, that’s right, size 8.

Yes, certainly sir. Size 8. Mmm… What colour would you like them in?

I’d like to try them in black… no, brown, dark brown, please.

Very well. Please take a seat and I’ll be with you in a minute. (five minutes later) Here you are, sir.

Excellent. I’ll just try them on.

Here, sir. Can I help you?

Yes, they are a bit tight.

Push, sir. Mmm… here try this shoe horn - it should help.

No, still won’t go on.

They seem to be a bit small.

No, no, I like them. If I just push a bit more. Ah, that’s it!

Well done, sir. Congratulations!

Yes, I made it. Now, I’ll just try walking around a bit.

(Mr Pie falls) Whoops! I fell down.

Yes, you did, sir. Now wouldn’t you prefer a larger size.

We’ve got them in size 9… or, erm, 11, if you prefer.

Mr Pie: Shop: Mr Pie: Shop:

No, no, they’re perfect. (sounds of pain). How much are they?

Forty three pounds.

Excellent! I’ll take them.

Look, sir. I’m aware that you know what you want, and, erm, the customer is always right, and all that, but it’s plain to see that those shoes are far too small for you.

Couldn’t I interest you in a bigger pair?

Mr Pie: No, no. I really want these small shoes.

Shop: But why?

Mr Pie: OK, I’ll tell you why. This last week has been a disaster: my business went bust, my wife decided to leave me for a gym instructor, my daughter was thrown out of university and my son was arrested for drug-smuggling.

Now, the only pleasure I will have in life is getting home at night and taking off these shoes.

Shop: Oh, now I understand. How would you like to pay? Cash?

Or credit card?

Mr Pie: Cash, please.

Shop: Very well. Just walk this way… if you can. (crash)

GLOSSARY laces n pieces of string that you use to tie your shoes high heels n the “heel” is the back part of the shoe on the bottom. “High heels” are shoes that are high at the back pointed toes n the “toes” are the ends of the shoes. Shoes with “pointed toes” are sharp at the end tight adj clothes that are “tight” are too small for you a shoe horn n an object you use to help you put the shoes on whoops excl something that people say when they fall or

make a mistake I’m aware exp I know to go bust exp if a business “goes bust”, it fails and stops functioning to leave someone for another person exp if you “leave someone for another person”, you stop the relationship you have and start another relationship with another person to throw out phr vb to tell someone to leave an organisation, job, school, etc drug-smuggling n the crime of bringing drugs into a country illegally

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AUDIO

BUSINESS TALK

BUSINESSTALK THE PROMOTIONAL OFFER In this phone call, Brian, the head of marketing, is phoning Paula, the managing director. He wants to discuss ways of increasing sales of the company’s personal stereo system, which hasn’t been selling very well. Listen to the conversation and answer these two questions: 1. What do they suggest doing to help increase sales?

2. In your opinion, why doesn’t Paula want a bottle of the perfume?

Brian: Paula: Brian: Paula: Brian: Paula: Brian:

Paula: Brian:

Paula: Brian:

Paula:

Brian: Paula: Brian: Paula: Brian: Paula: Brian:

Brian here. Is that Paula?

Speaking.

I’ve been trying to catch you all week.

You’ve got my mobile, haven’t you?

Yeah, but I couldn’t get through.

Did you try leaving a message?

Oh, yes. I hadn’t thought of that. Anyway, as you may already know, we’ve got a bit of a problem with our personal stereo systems.

What exactly is the problem?

Well, there are thousands of them sitting in the warehouse with nowhere to go. We just can’t seem to shift them.

What about the advertising campaign?

It didn’t seem to make much difference. So we’d better think of something fast because retailers are refusing to take any more supplies from us. I suppose we could give them away.

We can’t do that! We paid good money for them. What about promotional gifts? Have we got anything we can offer with the stereos?

There are about sixty thousand bottles of “Shirkers” aftershave and perfume sitting in one of the warehouses.

OK, that’s it then, just bundle the stereos with the aftershave. That should do the trick.

That’s a massive job.

I know, but have you got any other bright ideas?

No, I’ll get on to it. By the way, would you like a box of “Shirkers” perfume sent up to your office?

You must be joking! I’ve tried that stuff.

Right. I know what you mean.

Exercise Now listen to some extracts from the conversation again.

You will notice there are some missing words and a beeping sound. See if you can write the missing word. Answers on page 50.

1. You must _______ joking!

2. We’ve got a bit of a problem _________ our personal stereo systems.

3. We’d better think _________ something fast.

4. We paid good money _________ them.

5. Just bundle the stereos __________ the aftershave.

6. Would you like a box of “Shirkers” perfume sent __________ to your office?

GLOSSARY to catch someone exp inform if you are trying to catch someone, you phone someone many times, trying to communicate with them to get through phr vb to contact someone and talk to them a warehouse n a large building used for keeping goods to shift something exp inform in this case: to sell something a retailer n a person who sells goods in his/her shop to refuse vb to say that you will not do something supplies n

goods and things that companies can sell to give away phr vb to give someone something for free to bundle with phr vb if you “bundle one thing with another thing”, you put those two things together that should do the trick exp this means: “that is a good solution” bright ideas n good ideas I’ll get on to it exp this means: “I will start doing it immediately” stuff n things

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See if you can identify the word below. Then, try to find these words (here on the right) in the Wordsearch.

Good luck! Answers on page 50.

MATCHING A: B: C: D: E: F: G: H: I: J: K: L: M: N:

A trail To sail out Slavery A bounty hunter The waterfront A cruise To hand out Gladly To dismantle A snowball A ride To warn To dump To shine

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

TRAIL

GLADLY

SAIL

DISMANTLE

SLAVERY

SNOWBALL

BOUNTY

RIDE

WATERFRONT

WARN

CRUISE

DUMP,

HAND

SHINE

See if you can match the two columns.

Answers on page 50.

A street or area of land that is next to a river or the sea If you do this, you separate something into different parts To leave; to put something somewhere quickly and casually A journey on a horse or bike To clean something (metal, usually) so it is bright and shiny If a ship does this, it leaves a port and goes out to sea A person who is paid to catch criminals To tell someone about a danger To give A route through a town, city, mountain, etc Happily A ball made of snow that is used to throw at other people A journey in a ship The system which permits people to possess other people

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WORDSEARCH

WORDSEARCH

BOSTON, USA

Living Abroad

BOSTON, USA Every month we interview someone who has lived in or visited a foreign country.

This month we are talking to Frederica, from Italy, about her time in Boston, America.

Frederica, why did you go to Boston?

Where did you stay?

I went to Boston to study at the university. I was studying English literature in Italy at the time, and I had to study in an Englishspeaking country for one year as part of the course. I was offered a chance to go to Boston University and I took it.

I stayed with a family. There were four of them: Michael, June and their two kids, Robert and Mark. They lived on Commonwealth Avenue, which is one of the busiest streets in Boston. It was great to be there as Boston University is spread out along Commonwealth Avenue. The metro in Boston, which is called the “T”, comes above ground right by the university campus and runs all the way down Commonwealth Avenue. The only bad thing is that it’s a bit busy. One of my friends had to wear a cast for months after being hit by a car trying to cross Commonwealth Avenue - Boston is famous for its horrible drivers.

What were your first impressions?

As soon as I saw Boston, I fell in love with it. I study in a small city, and I’ve always wanted to live in a big city. Boston was exactly what I needed for my first time away from home. Boston is a big city but not big enough to make you feel overwhelmed. The weather is also great and you get to enjoy all four seasons in true New England style, with hot summers and very cold winters, which is good if you like skiing (there are ski resorts just half-an-hour away from Boston).

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Boston is a great place to live as a college student. There are lots of universities in Boston and its surrounding suburbs, including Boston University, Harvard, Northeastern, Boston College, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Berklee College of Music. College students make up twenty percent of Boston’s population, and in total there are about 250,000 of them. This adds to the energy of the city, making it a vibrant and fun-loving place to live and study.

If you like nature, you can always take a stroll near the Charles River, or have a picnic in Boston Commons, which is a large park where you can go skating on Frog Pond in the winter. Boston is also the cultural center of New England, and it has museums, an entire theatre district, ballets, orchestras, Shakespearian theatre groups who perform in the park, an aquarium and lots, lots more.

catch a show at the Paradise Rock Club. For smaller, local bands you should head towards Harvard and check out T.T. & The Bear’s Place and the Middle East. The big name bands usually play at the Fleet Center, Boston’s huge multi-purpose arena.

What’s the worst thing about Boston?

For me, the worse part about Boston is that everything closes at 2am. It’s very different from European cities, or New York City.

And because it’s a large city, it’s kind of expensive to live there, especially paying rent. Overall, Boston is a beautiful and culturally rich city. You never run out of things to do and once you’re there, you’ll never want to leave.

And finally, would you go back?

Oh yes, definitely, it’s a great town and I had a fantastic time.

Well, that was really interesting Frederica, thanks very much.

Did you work while you were there?

Although I went to Boston as a student, I also did lots of jobs while I was there. I worked as a babysitter, bartender, shop assistant and chef. There are many job opportunities in Boston.

In the Boston Globe, one of Boston’s main newspapers, there is a section called “Boston Works”, which has all the jobs listings.

GLOSSARY

Where did you like to go out?

When I wanted to go shopping, I used to go to Newbury Street or the little shops in Quincy Market. There are also many malls in the Boston area including Copley Place and Cambridgeside Galleria.

There are lots of good places to eat such as the Fire & Ice, the Cheesecake Factory, the California Pizza Kitchen and any Italian restaurant in the North End. If you want a unique dining experience, you should try Dick’s Last Resort. At Dick’s the waiters and waitresses are deliberately rude.

They make fun of you, throw your food down on the table and if it’s your birthday, they cover you in whipped cream.

If you’re a fan of the American sitcom, Cheers, you should visit the Bullfinch Club on Beacon Hill, which is the pub they used as inspiration for the show. And for a fancier occasion, the Top Of The Hub is supposed to have one of the best views in Boston.

I also enjoy going to clubs, concerts, and bars. Some bars I recommend are Modern, which is a trendy bar with low lighting and expensive drinks; The Cask and Flagon, which is the most popular bar to go to after a baseball game; and Kinvara, which is a college bar, complete with live bands, and an outdoor patio.

If you prefer chilling and listening to some live music, you can

to feel overwhelmed exp to be affected strongly a season n summer, winter, spring, etc ski resorts an area in the mountains where you can ski a kid n a child a busy street n (superlative: busiest) a street with many cars and people a university campus n the area around university colleges that is part of the university: sports fields, residential houses, etc a cast n if you break your leg, they often put your leg in a cast (a white case made of plaster) to protect it a suburb n an area outside a city where people live to make up phr vb to be members of something to take a stroll exp to go for a casual and gentle walk skating n a sport that consists of running on ice with skates (special shoes with a blade on the bottom) a bartender n a person who serves customers in a bar

the jobs listings n a section in a newspaper with job offers a mall n a large building with many shops a last resort n a desperate solution to a problem rude adj disrespectful to make fun of someone exp to laugh at someone in a bad way whipped cream n cream that is light and fluffy a sitcom n a comedy series on television about a group of people fancy adj (comparative: fancier) sophisticated trendy adj fashionable a live band n a band that plays in a bar/club, etc to chill vb to relax to catch a show exp to watch a show huge adj very big kind of exp more or less

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35

BOSTON, USA

What’s the best thing about Boston?

THE BOSTON TEA PARTY

Living Abroad

THE BOSTON TEA PARTY These days Americans speak with an American accent, play baseball and drink coffee. But things could have been so different: they could be speaking with British accents, playing cricket and drinking tea. However, luckily (or unluckily, depending on where you come from) something important happened in 1773 that changed the course of American history forever: the “Boston Tea Party”.

A Tea Party It all took place one cold, dark night in November 1773. A group of one hundred and fifty men disguised as Mohawk Indians and led by Samuel Adams* made their way to Boston harbour, where there were three British ships.

Quickly, the group divided into three lots of 50 men. Each group chose a ship and climbed aboard. They forced the English captains and the crew below deck, and then started to destroy the cargo, which consisted of boxes of tea. They broke open the boxes, pulled out the contents and threw all the tea into the water. What fun!

This act of protest achieved two important things: firstly, it made the world’s largest cup of iced tea in the harbour; secondly it started the American War of Independence. What did these men have against this tea? And how did this provoke a war?

Carolina and Georgia - otherwise known as British colonies.

Each colony was separately established and they each had a separate relationship with the British Empire - the age-old British tradition of divide and rule**. None of the colonies had the power to pass laws on tax. This didn’t pose any problems at first, but then things changed.

A cup of tea, sir?

At that time Britain had been at war with the French.

The British and French were fighting over the control of North America (mostly in what is now known as Canada). It was a vicious war and both sides lost lots of men. You might like to see the film “Last Of The Mohicans” (Daniel Day Lewis) to get an idea about what it was all about. In the end the British won, but it left them bankrupt.

What were they going to do?

The answer was simple. They passed a law known as the Tea Act of 1773. This law said that a company called the British East India Company could sell tea in the American colonies (the 13 states), and that the company did not have to pay any taxes. With this privilege, the company soon gained a monopoly on the tea trade.

Now the company could sell cheap tea to the Americans. The British were happy, but the Americans weren’t.

Angry Americans Good old British democracy At the time of the Tea Party, America wasn’t America. Let me explain. “America” just consisted of thirteen states: New York, Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South

36

For many American companies this new law meant disaster; and many of them went out of business as a result. But what really made the Americans angry was the arrogance of the British. In effect, the British were passing laws without any consultation, especially concerning tea, which was a very popular drink at the time.

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No Tea Those who opposed the British became known as Patriots, and they yelled things such as, “no taxation without representation”, and “the power to tax is the power to destroy”.

They also tried to prevent ships with tea from entering the ports. As a result, many British ships had to return to England.

However, in November 1773, three of them did manage to get through. They were full of tea, waiting to be unloaded and sold to the Bostonians. And these were the three ships that the Bostonians attacked in what became known as the “Boston Tea Party”.

THE BOSTON TEA PARTY

The colonists didn’t take long to react. They started organising meetings and protests and refused to drink tea. This protest helped to unify the colonies and all of them joined the protest.

Colonial women were particularly important as they were the principal consumers of tea. Many of them became the leaders of the boycott.

Samuel Adams Samuel Adams, 1722 to 1803, was the son of a businessman (a brewer: someone who makes beer). He went to Harvard University, and became active in colonial politics. He led many protests against the British control of the colonies. He founded the Sons of Liberty, a secret organization dedicated to the resistance of British laws. He also organized the Boston Tea Party. These days his name survives because one of the best beers in the world is named after him.

Angry Brits When the British heard about the Tea Party they were furious.

They demanded compensation for all the lost tea, and the British king (King George III) decided to punish the state (colony) of Massachusetts (whose capital is Boston). He passed a law in 1774 known as the Coercive Acts, which closed the port of Boston and reduced the powers of the Boston Congress. He also sent more soldiers to intimidate the Bostonians. The plan was to starve Boston into submission. But it didn’t work.

War In fact, the measures served to make the Americans even angrier.

Other colonies sent food to Boston, and together, a militia was created. They also formed the first Continental Congress, which was a kind of illegal parliament where they talked about how much they hated the British. Things got gradually worse, the British sent more troops and before long there was a war: the American War of Independence. In the end the Americans won, as you already know, and they became independent from Britain, which explains why they speak with American accents (and not posh British ones), why they play baseball and why they don’t drink tea anymore, except the iced version. God Bless America!

GLOSSARY FOR CARTOON a chap n a man one exp this word can be used instead of “you” as a way of talking generally. It is very formal and old-fashioned the hell exp inform this expression is used to show surprise, anger, etc a limey n inform an informal way of referring disrespectfully to an English person to yap on about something exp to talk endlessly about something to strike vb to hit to powder vb to put “powder” (a fine, white dust) on something a wig n a piece of false hair tights n clothing that is worn over your legs.

Divide & Rule This is the policy of dividing the different peoples in a nation in order to dominate that nation. The British were experts at this, and did it effectively in India (with the Hindus and Muslims), in South Africa (with the Zulus and the Afrikaners), and in Iraq (with the Kurds, Sunnis and Shiites). In America, the British did it by treating each colony separately instead of allowing them to join together, which would have made them too powerful.

GLOSSARY Women wear them these days pantaloons n clothing that covered the top half of your legs. They were worn by men in the 18th century a jerk n inform an idiot. This word is often used to insult another person crap exp inform this word is used to refer negatively to things in general to kneel before someone exp literally, to go down on your knees (the joint in the middle of your leg) as a way of showing respect to someone stuck-up adj someone who is “stuck-up” acts in an arrogant and superior way

disguised adj with clothes that make you look different to who you really are lots of exp groups of to climb aboard exp to go on a ship below deck exp the “deck” of a ship is the area outside with a floor where you can walk. “Below” deck is the area under the “deck” a cargo n goods that are sent by ship iced tea n Americans drink iced-tea, which is cold tea served with ice tax n money you pay the government to finance services such as education, policing, etc bankrupt adj if a business is “bankrupt”, it has no money to gain a monopoly exp

to be in a position of dominance in a particular market the tea trade n the import and export of the drink tea to go out of business exp to stop functioning as a business to refuse vb to say that you are not going to do something a boycott n an organised protest against a country or organisation. During the boycott, people don’t buy services or produce from that country or organisation to yell vb to shout to get through phr vb to enter to starve a place into submission exp to force a town to stop resisting by stopping all supplies of food from entering

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(GLOSSARY ON PREVIOUS PAGE)

(GLOSSARY ON PREVIOUS PAGE)

WEIRD WORLD CARTOON

Weird World Cartoon

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AUDIO

A look at some cool places from around the world

Amazing World BOSTON, BEANTOWN

BOSTON, BEANTOWN

Boston is unique in many ways. For a start it’s one of the few cities in the States where you can walk around the center (in most other places you need a car). Boston also has a lot of history and interesting architecture, and a great nightlife. Amy is here to tell us more.

by Amy Napier (American English spelling) Freedom The best way to get to know Boston is to follow the Freedom Trail.

This is a special route that goes around the city. There is a line of red bricks on the sidewalk that marks the route. It begins on Boston Common, the city’s main park, at the Visitor Information Center, but you can start anywhere you like.

Ships, Slaves & Hills Another interesting place to visit is Quincy Market. There are lots of shops and restaurants here. In the harbor at Charlestown Navy Yard you can see the USS Constitution, which is an old warship that is still active. It was launched in Boston in 1797, and every July 4th it sails out, fires a canon then sails back to port.

Massachusetts is famous for being the first state to declare slavery illegal in 1783. There’s another trail around the city, this time with sites connected to slavery. Many slaves escaped from the southern states of the US and came to live in Boston. The trail starts in Joy Street at the Abiel Smith School, which has the Museum of Afro-American History. The trail also includes the Lewis & Harriet Hayden House, which was a stop on the famous “Underground Railway”. This was the route that escaped slaves took in order to get to the north. Slaves often hid in this house to escape from the bounty hunters.

The Waterfront Another great area to visit in Boston is the waterfront. This is a nice area to sit and relax. You can also go on the Boston harbour cruise from Long Wharf, or visit the New England Aquarium, which has sharks, giant turtles and lots of other tropical marine life.

Further along, you can see the Boston Tea Party ship. There’s a museum right next to it explaining what happened during the “Tea Party” when the Bostonians attacked the British ships (for more information see our article on page 50).

Fun One of the best times to visit Boston is when there’s a big sporting event going on. When the Red Sox (a baseball team) play the New York Yankees, their biggest rivals, the whole city goes wild. Everyone wears their “Yankees Suck” shirts. Last Year there was even a parade around the stadium with people in their underwear carrying anti-Yankee flags.

40

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Unusual Signs One of the most unusual sights in Boston is the “Citgo” sign.

This is a large board with the words Citgo on it. It was built in 1940 and it’s one of the largest signs in New England, measuring 20 meters by 20 meters. The computer controlled neon sign has survived five hurricanes, and one attempt by the Citgo company to dismantle it in 1983. It can be seen on TV when a baseball player hits a home run at Fenway Park (a baseball stadium).

And it’s really useful too: whenever a tourist asks a Bostonian for directions to Kenmore Square or Fenway Park, the easiest answer is, “Follow the Citgo sign”.

built in 1712, and it was here that they read the Declaration of Independence from the balcony on 18th July 1776. Shortly afterwards, the British left, and American became a republic.

Incidentally, exactly 200 years later, Queen Elizabeth II of England appeared on that very same balcony, although this time they treated the British monarch as a friend.

Outside there’s the site of the Boston Massacre, where on 5th March 1770, British soldiers fired on a crowd. Apparently the Bostonians were throwing snowballs (admittedly filled with stones) at the soldiers. Five people from Boston were killed. Inside the building there’s a museum of Boston history.

Patriots & Monarchists The Paul Revere House is Boston’s last surviving seventeenthcentury house. Paul Revere was a Patriot and father of sixteen children. He went on the famous ride in 1775 to warn the Patriots of a British attack at the start of the American Revolution.

Finally, there’s the Bunker Hill Monument. This was the site of a battle between the Patriots and the British in June 1775. The British won the battle, but they knew from then on that they couldn’t hope to win the war. There’s a small museum which has exhibits and information on the battle. So, now you know what to do in Boston.

Food & Going Out Boston’s got some great places for eating or dancing. We recommend a nice breakfast in the cafés of Beacon Hill, lunch in the food plazas of Quincy Market and dinner in one of the seafood restaurants overlooking the harbor. Some great bars and places to go out at night are Avalon, the Black Rose and the Bull & Finch Pub - the original setting for the TV show, Cheers. For some great seafood, you should try Legal Sea Foods which is a chain of seafood restaurants that are well worth a visit.

Other good places to visit are Harvard University, Salem (just 30 minutes outside Boston, and the place where the famous witch trials took place), George’s Island (which is a great place for picnics, plus there are some revolutionary forts there), and the North End (which is the Italian quarter, and which is where you can see Mafiosi sitting on terrace bars drinking coffee).

History If you’re interested in history, there are lots of interesting places to see in Boston. For a start, there’s the Old South Meeting House, which was where Samuel Adams addressed the Patriots about to carry out the Boston Tea Party in December 1773 (see our article in What a Weird World for more information on that).

The Old State House is another interesting building. It was

GLOSSARY a trail n a route you can walk on. This particular one goes through the city a brick n a red stone object that is rectangular in shape. It is used to build houses a sidewalk n US the side of the road where people walk.

“Pavement” in British English to sail out phr vb if a ship “sails out”, it leaves a port; and if it “sails back”, it returns slavery n the system which permits people to possess other people a bounty hunter n a person who is paid to catch criminals/ slaves, etc the waterfront n a street or area of land that is next to a river or the sea a cruise n a journey in a ship the Boston Tea Party n an attack on some British ships (see our article in What a Weird World) to go wild exp to become crazy; to do insane things

to suck vb inform US if you say that something “sucks”, you think that thing is very bad underwear n clothing you wear under your trousers/ skirt, etc to hand out phr vb to give to dismantle vb if you “dismantle” something, you separate it into different parts to hit a home run exp in baseball this means to hit the ball very far so you get a run, which is equivalent to points. Well, it’s a lot more complicated than that, but we’ll tell you more about baseball in a later issue a Patriot n US a person who was fighting against the British monarchy in the 18th century a snowball n a ball made of snow that people throw for sport a ride n a journey on a horse to warn vb to tell someone about a danger

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BOSTON, BEANTOWN

And during the Boston Marathon, college students hand out beers to the runners who are in last place. Some marathon runners wear funny clothes such as Greek Togas or Uncle Sam costumes.

HARLEY-DAVIDSON

HARLEY-DAVIDSON THE AMERICAN DREAM You’ve probably heard of the motorbike Harley-Davidson. The bike has appeared in lots of films, including Terminator III, Easy Rider, The Wild One and Tomb Raider. And there are Harley clubs all over the world. For many people the Harley-Davidson symbolizes the freespirited rebel who lives life on the open road. But what is the truth? And who rides these bikes? By Laura Warrell (American English spelling) motorcycle manufacturer in the world, and Easy Riders ARTHUR When most people think of Harley-Davidson riders, they imagine a big guy with long hair, a beard and a leather jacket and pants.

However, the truth is that Harleys are so ridiculously expensive that only rich playboys or elderly executives can afford them. In fact, the bike company recently did a survey and found that the average rider was a 50-year-old professional earning more than $100,000 a year. Of course, there are some riders who fit the traditional image, but they are definitely in the minority. So when did it all start?

The Birth Of A Bike The first Harley-Davidsons appeared at the turn of the century.

Four young American friends were experimenting with engines in a wooden shed. They managed to burn the shed, but they also managed to build a motorcycle that ran over 100,000 miles. In 1903, William S. Harley and WILLIAM S. HARLEY Arthur Davidson sold the first line of Harley-Davidson motorcycles. Six years afterwards, they introduced the V-twin engine.

Eleven years later, HarleyDavidson was the largest

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DAVIDSON their bikes were the favorites of American police officers and soldiers. Since then, they’ve dominated the world of custom motorcycles, particularly through the network of clubs. However, they aren’t necessarily the best bikes in the world in terms of technology, and Japanese bikes are way ahead now. This probably explains why most Harley riders spend so much of their time tinkering with the machines on a Sunday afternoon.

Big Clubs The Harley Owners Group (H.O.G.) started in 1983, and now it has more than 500,000 members. They are united by a common passion: to make the Harley-Davidson dream a way of life, to admire one another’s machines and to get drunk on cheap beer.

H.O.G. plans events, traveling museums and riders’ courses for beginners or pros. They like to think of themselves, “from the top corporate officer to the newest Harley owner and rider”, as one big happy family.

Every year, club members meet for “Bike Week”. One of the biggest Bike Weeks takes place in Laconia, New Hampshire. During this

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HARLEY-DAVIDSON

photos of Hollywood legends Rita Hayworth and Clark Gable (on Harleys). The menu includes lots of beer and typical American food, like potato skins stuffed with melted cheese, sour cream and chilli. Drinks have names like the Flat Trucker, Spark Plug, and of course, the V-Twin. In many ways, the Harley is a typical example of the power of marketing. And of course, not everybody likes it. “When I saw all that crap on the wall, I just wanted to trash the place,” said veteran Harley rider, Billy Bog.

week, riders participate in activities like “the Hill Climb,” where they try to ride their bikes up steep hills, the “Ride to the Sky,” where they ride to the top of the region’s highest mountain, or “Flat Track Races,” where they… race. A proposal to include a “Jane Austen Discussion Hour” was rejected the previous year.

One of the most popular activities during Bike Week is to whistle at every woman who passes by. These days there are female bike riders too. They often look like their male counterparts

The Future Hardcore Harley riders fear that the brand is getting too trendy.

And all the marketing is driving them mad. These days, anyone can buy Harley shirts, jackets, guitars, lighters and hats online or in stores. There’s even a Harley-Davidson Eau de Toilette spray, and Harley-Davidson cafés in Las Vegas and New York. The Harley restaurant has bike memorabilia all over the walls, including

GLOSSARY leather n skin from animals such as cows that is used to make clothing pants n US clothing you wear to cover your legs (trousers in British English) to afford vb to have enough money to buy something a survey n questions asked in order to receive information about a product, etc a shed n a wooden house with just one room that is in the garden and that is used for keeping plants, tools, etc a line n a type of specific product that a company makes and sells way ahead exp superior to tinker with phr vb to make small changes to something in an attempt to improve it a hog n literally, a large pig

a steep hill n a small mountain that increases in height very quickly to whistle vb to produce a high note by blowing air out of your mouth hardcore adj dedicated and enthusiastic trendy adj fashionable to drive someone mad exp to make someone really angry a lighter vb a small object that makes fire for lighting cigarettes potato skin n the outside part of a potato stuffed adj filled with crap n inform this word is used to refer to something you consider to be bad and of poor quality to trash a place exp to completely destroy a building or other place

BusinessEnglish Learn over 500 useful business words and expressions!

Over 30 articles on up-to-date business topics!

Over 100 useful business idioms & phrasal verbs!

Business videos and audio files Tap here to improve your listening skills!

to buy!

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HARLEY BIKERS

HARLEY BIKERS LEARN HOW TO BECOME A HARLEY-DAVIDSON BIKER Would you like to become a Harley-Davidson biker? It’s not enough to just buy the bike, you need to know how to act, dress and sing. The following information will help you become a true biker.

Harley Films The first thing you should do is rent two videos: The Wild One, and Easy Rider. These two films are all about Harley bikers, and they should give you a good introduction to the subject. Let’s look at each of them.

The Wild One Before Marlon Brando became an over-paid actor in films such as The Godfather, he had the leading part in the 1953 film The Wild One. In the film, Brando leads a gang of 40 motorcyclists (called the Black Rebels) into a small town in the US. Brando himself rides a Harley and plays a tough guy with a soft heart. The pretty girl he’s trying to score with asks Brando’s character, “What’re you rebelling against, Johnny?” And Brando answers, “Whaddya got?”

Very cool!

The Wild One was a smash, and it came at a time when youth rebellion was fashionable, with other films such as James Dean’s Rebel Without a Cause. As you’ll see, in those days being in a biker gang was all about smoking cigarettes, riding Harleys and having knife fights. Of course these days it’s all changed and the knives have been replaced by AK-47s.

The Easy Rider The classic road movie Easy Rider hit theaters in 1969. This was a time when the idealism of the 1950s had turned to cynicism as Americans lived through Vietnam and the Civil Rights Movement.

The tagline to the film was, “A man went looking for America and couldn’t find it anywhere!”

In the film, two long-haired bikers, one of whom is actor Peter Fonda, go on a trip on Harleys from Los Angeles to New Orleans and meet several strange characters on the way.

One character says, “This used to be a helluva good country.

I can’t understand what’s gone wrong with it.”

In Easy Rider, Harley-Davidson meant ultimate freedom without responsibilities. It also symbolized 60s drug culture, antiestablishment sentiment and, in some ways, apathy. You can learn a lot from it.

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Biker Image OK, so now you know something about Harley biker attitudes, you’re going to need to get some clothes and accessories. Some of the most important things include a long beard, very long hair, a leather jacket, and a tattoo of a demon, skull or snake. You are also going to need an ex-German army helmet, an American flag and a large industrial chain to wrap around your neck. You are also going to have to learn to ride a bike with one hand on the handlebars and the other on a can of beer; and to learn the lyrics to the song “Born to be Wild” by the group Steppenwolf. Here they are so you can practice singing them in the shower. Good luck!

GLOSSARY to lead vb to control and direct a gang n a group of people, usually young people, who cause trouble a tough guy n a hard, cold man to score with someone exp if you “score with someone”, you start a relationship with that person whaddya got? abbr this means: “what have you got?” a smash n a very successful film to hit vb if a film “hits” theatres and cinemas, it is shown there and you can go and see it the tagline n the text that describes the film in just one sentence or phrase a helluva good country exp inform

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this means: “this is a hell of a good country”. We use “hell of” as a way of emphasising what we are saying a skull n the bone inside your head a motor n inform a motorbike to head out phr vb to go to gonna abbr going to a love embrace n if you give someone a “love embrace”, you hold them tightly and emotionally.

Another more common word is “hug” lightning n a bright flash in the sky during a storm (violent weather) thunder n a loud bang in the sky during a storm

AUDIO

DICTIONARY OF SLANG

Dictionary of slang Here we’ve got some examples of how to say things in different situations.

>

Situation

Formal

Relaxed

Informal

A friend is about to do a really important exam, which could decide her future. If she fails the exam, she cannot repeat it:

She only has one opportunity to succeed

She’s only got one chance She’s only got one shot at

this; she’s only got one throw of the dice

You are commenting on a friend who always forgets things:

He never knows what he’s doing or when he’s supposed to be doing it

He is really absent-minded

He’s got his head in the clouds; he’s really dopey; he doesn’t know if he’s coming or going

You are admiring a friend’s new stereo recorder:

I really like your portable music system

That’s a great stereo system

That’s a cool ghetto blaster; cool sounds, man

A friend is going to meet the president. You ask your friend to say good things about you:

Please say positive things about me

Speak highly of me

Talk me up

A friend ate some food very quickly:

She consumed that food at a very fast rate

She ate that really fast

She wolfed that down; she scoffed the lot; she pigged it down; it didn’t touch the sides

A friend’s marriage is about to collapse:

Their marriage is going through a number of difficulties

Their marriage is not looking good

Their marriage is on the rocks; their marriage is looking a bit shaky

You had an informal conversation with a friend:

We conversed on an informal basis

We had a chat

We had a good old chin wag; we were shooting the breeze; we were having a natter

GLOSSARY

Please note that the words in this glossary box are literal translations of parts of idiomatic expressions.

to fail vb the opposite of “to pass”; not to succeed; to do something badly dopey adj sleepy, tired and also stupid. In English the word “dope” refers to the drug marijuana a ghetto n

a poor, isolated area of a city usually with one ethnic or religious group living there blaster n a “blast” is a big, loud explosion a chin n the part of your face under your mouth

to wag vb when a dog is happy, it “wags” its tail from side to side to shoot vb to fire a gun so a bullet comes out a breeze n a light, soft wind

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AUDIO

IN THE NEWS

In The News...

What Idiots!

Just recently, 28-year-old Jane Symonds was working in a late night store when two criminals walked in.

“I was just finishing my shift when this guy came up to the counter with six cans of beer in his hand. He looked underage to me, so I asked to see his ID. Then, as he was taking out his wallet I noticed that he had a gun. Without thinking I just grabbed the pistol; and almost immediately, the two men ran out of the store, taking the beer with them. Incredibly, half-an-hour later one of them telephoned the store and asked if he could come back for his gun.

I said ‘sure, come right now’. Of course, I immediately phoned the police, who arrested the two guys. They must be the dumbest robbers I’ve ever met in my life”

Man beats horse, at last Every year one of the top sporting events in Wales takes place: the man-versus-horse race. And for the first time in 25 years a man has won (hooray for man!). The race covers a 22-mile course through the hills and mountains of the Welsh countryside. For this year’s race there were 40 horses and riders against nearly 500 people. Runner Hugh Lobb completed the course in just two hours, five minutes and nineteen seconds. The 27-year-old was presented with 25,000 pounds prize money (approximately 37,000 euros).

The first horse to come in got nothing.

Unfortunate accidents Getting angry can be dangerous, as 27-year-old Gordon Rage recently found out. Rage was driving along the freeway when he was hit by another car. He was so upset that he got out and kicked the offending vehicle. However, he kicked it so hard that he broke his leg.

In a similar incident, 42-year-old Tony Lines was taken to hospital after a violent argument with his neighbour. Lines was in his apartment trying to get some sleep but found it impossible because of the loud music coming from downstairs. He banged on the floor to get his neighbour to turn it down but was unsuccessful. Then, in a fit of rage, Lines leapt off his bed with the intention of making a loud banging noise on the floor. Unfortunately, he jumped so high, and landed so hard, that he broke both his legs. He was taken to hospital shortly afterwards.

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GLOSSARY a late night store n US a shop that is open either until late, or all night a shift n a period of time in which you work.

You can say morning shift, evening shift, etc to come up to exp to go close to the counter n the table in a shop where you pay for the goods that you buy underage adj less than the legal age for buying alcohol, etc ID abbr identification. A card that says who you are, etc a wallet n a small object you carry in your pocket that has your money, credit cards, etc in it to grab vb to take with force sure exp of course; yes, of course dumb adj (superlative: dumbest) stupid hooray excl an exclamation of happiness a freeway n US a large road with many lanes for traffic (a “motorway” in British English) upset adj angry and sad to turn down phr vb to decrease the volume a fit of rage exp if you do something in a “fit of rage”, you do something while you are very angry to leap off phr vb to jump off to land vb to hit a surface

PHRASALVERBS GET PHRASALVERBS

The verb “to get” has many different uses. Generally, we use this verb to refer to receiving something or obtaining things. For example: “He got good marks in his exams.” Now let’s see some phrasal verbs with the verb “to get”.

To get away = to escape, to leave a place

Yes, yes. Mmm... very interesting. Yes, we know your home is on fire. Yes. Well, I’m sorry but we’re extremely busy right now.

Don’t worry, we’ll get back to you just as soon as we can.

Now that the police are hot on our trail, I think we should get away from here for a few days.

To get back to someone = to phone someone later

To get away with something = to do something bad and not get punished for it

Three robberies and four million dollars - I can’t believe we got away with it.

To get back into an activity = to start being involved in an activity again after a period of rest; to return to work and routine after a period of rest

That six-week holiday on the beach really affected Jane, and now she’s having problems getting back into this job.

To get (an idea) across = to successfully communicate an idea

I can’t believe it! I only went away for three days, and look how much I’ve got behind!

I had a word with the other wild animals, and I got it across to them that we are the bosses here.

To get behind = to accumulate a lot of work; not to make progress because you have too much work to do

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DR FINGERS’VOCABULARY CLINIC

DR FINGERS’VOCABULARY CLINIC USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

Fans of the good doctor will be pleased to know that he has decided it’s time to expand your vocabulary. So, here is the first of a new series of expressions for you to learn. The expressions have all been illustrated by Dr Fingers to help you make an association between the image and the meaning of the expression. This should help you remember the expressions. The answers are on page 50.

Exercise To work yourself into a state of anxiety: To become very nervous and anxious about something.

To make full use of something: (100%) To take full advantage of something, and to use that thing 100%.

To know your limits: To understand yourself and to know what your reaction is going to be in a difficult situation.

To never bother to do something: To never do something because you are too lazy or tired, and you don’t want to do that thing.

In the interests of safety: If you do something “in the interests of safety”, you do that thing whilst thinking about the possible dangers involved, and how to avoid them.

To leave halfway through a film: To leave a cinema before the end of a film usually because you don’t like the film.

To inch your way across a surface: To move over a surface very, very slowly - just like a snail.

On the horizon: If you can see a ship “on the horizon”, you can see it on the line that exists where the sky and the sea join together.

To come to a sudden halt: To suddenly stop.

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Now look at the sentences below. See if you can choose the correct option (a, b, c or d).

1. I hated the film Moulin Rouge so much I left halfway _______ . a) Across b) Down c) Through d) Along 2. From the west coast of England you can sometimes see Ireland on the _____________. a) Distance b) Background c) Outskirts d) Horizon 3. Sometimes Venus can be seen inching its __________ across the sky. a) Path b) Way c) Course d) Route 4. With water in its engine, a car can __________ to a sudden halt. a) Come b) Fall c) Pull d) Go 5. Unfortunately, Edwina and John never _____________ to keep in touch. a) Minded b) Concerned c) Worried d) Bothered 6. You shouldn’t work yourself into a ________ of anxiety before exams.

Who cares if you fail? a) State b) Condition c) Feeling d) Case 7. When you are in a dangerous situation, you have to know your ___________. a) Limits b) Ends c) Frontiers d) Borders 8. In order to ___________ full use of your English, it’s best to work in a multinational environment. a) Be b) Have c) Make d) Get 9. You need fire extinguishers in the _________ of safety. a) Interests b) Needs c) Purposes d) Regards

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Authentic conversations by native American speakers AUDIO

East Coast - West Coast

Sally:

This month we are going to listen to two young Americans, Sally and Valerie, who are talking about the differences between the east coast of the United States and the west coast. Listen to the conversation and answer these questions:

Exercise 1. What do they say about the east coast and the people there?

2. What do they say about the west coast and the people there?

Sally: Valerie: Sally: Valerie:

Sally: Valerie: Sally:

Valerie:

Sally: Valerie:

US BAR CHAT

t a h c r a b S U

I could never live in the east coast. People there are so fast-paced.

Yeah, I know. The west coast people are chilled, calm, easy-going.

Yeah, and, erm, people from the east coast are like workaholics. And all they do is, like, work everyday.

Yeah, I think the west coasters kind of have a slower pace of life. They take things as they come. It’s a lot more laid-back.

Yeah, and people in the, in the east coast are, all they’re worried about is wealth, prestige, how they look.

Yeah, it’s all a bit superficial, wouldn’t you say?

Yes, I think so. I mean, people can be snobby, an think they’re better than everybody, and then they come to the west coast and think it’s the same down there.

The west coast has so much, so much of a slower pace of life, and not so hurried like in the east coast, wouldn’t you agree?

Yeah, I agree.

And then, then, I mean in the west coast we have, the restaurants are by the sea. There’s beaches, Hollywood. What more can you ask for?

But there’s also a lot more culture in the east coast.

There’s... You have museums, you have monuments, you have Broadway.

Valerie: Yeah, they’d like to say that the history of the country is all in the east coast. But, you know, we have history too, the west coasters.

Sally: Yeah, but not as much as east coasters.

Valerie: Well, basically, I think probably the west coasters make the east coasters live better.

GLOSSARY fast-paced adj tense and stressed chilled adj relaxed easy-going adj relaxed and calm like exp people use this word to fill space in a conversation - it doesn’t really mean anything workaholics n people who are obsessed with work a slower pace of life exp a slower rhythm of life

to take things as they come exp to be very calm about things and to accept things calmly laid-back adj relaxed and calm snobby adj with the idea that you are superior to everyone else hurried adj nervous, stressed and quick

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49

Hot Staff Directors

ANSWERS

Answers & scripts TOP 10 ATTRACTIONS IN LONDON! 9. We have kept it = we have

1a 2b 3b 4a 5a 6b Language 1. cathedral; 2. fountain; 3. double decker bus; 4. pub; 5. bridge; 6. palace; 7. Ferris wheel Video script Hey, this is your host, Naomi. I’d like to show you the top 10 attractions of London.

10 St Paul’s Cathedral – the seat of the Bishop of London today, 5 churches have been built here, with the first one in the 7th century.

9 Trafalgar Square – a famous square in central London, at the centre is Nelson’s Square [sic, Column] surrounded by fountains.

8 the double-decker bus. Take a ride in this London icon – a great way to tour the city.

7 the Thames River cruise – experience the city by water. Many of London’s attractions are visible from the cruise.

6 Covent Garden – literally a vegetable garden in the Middle Ages, today it’s a hub of restaurants, pubs and shops.

5 The Tower of London. Built over 900 years ago, it is a historic landmark. Take a guided tour and learn about its many secrets.

4 London Bridge – one of the world’s most famous bridges. Constructed in 1894, it is an engineering marvel.

3 Houses of Parliament. Also known as Westminster Palace, it is the seat of London’s House of Lords and House of Commons.

2 Buckingham Palace. This is the residence of the British monarch. The changing of the guard is not to be missed.

1 London Eye. Created for the Millennium celebrations, one of the world’s largest Ferris wheels is a sight to behold.

DR FINGERS’ PRONUNCIATION

1. We have brought it again = we have brough ti tagain.

2. We have caught a big one = we have caugh ta big one.

3. They have thought about it = they have though tabou tit.

4. I have fought a large dog = I have fough ta large dog.

5. They have taught us all about it = they have taugh tu sa labou tit.

6. The dog has dug a large hole = the dog has du ga large hole.

7. She has got a new car = she has go ta new car.

8. I have heard a funny story = I have hear da funny story.

50

kep tit.

10. They have lent us some = they have len tus some.

CROSSWORD

Financial Director Leigh Dante (00 34 91 549 8523) leigh@learnhotenglish.com

1 1j 2d 3f 4a 5h 6b 7g 8e 9i 10c

Classes Department

3 1. is; 2. has got; 3. is; 4. has

(00 34 91 455 0273) classes@learnhotenglish.com Teacher Coordinator teacherinfo@learnhotenglish.com Accounts manager classes@learnhotenglish.com

BUSINESS DIALOGUES

1. The main problem is that things aren’t on schedule.

2. John says that it’s a big job and there aren’t enough people working on it.

Subscriptions (9:30-13:00) subs@learnhotenglish.com payments@learnhotenglish.com Credit control and administration 9:00 - 2pm (by e-mail thereafter) Office hours 10am to 6pm (Spanish time)

ANIMAL MATCHING

Barcelona office (Hot English)

TYPICAL DIALOGUES

Seville office (Hot English)

The man wants shoes that are too small for him because he wants to suffer during the day, then feel relief at night as he takes them off.

BUSINESS TALK

1. They suggest adding some bottles of perfume and aftershave as a promotional gift.

2. Paula doesn’t want a bottle of the perfume because she doesn’t like it.

WORDSEARCH

CRANK CALLS

1 Gap-fill exercise 1. paid; 2. work; 3. banking; 4. talked; 5. back; 6. trade; 7. snowed; 8. aiming 2 Sentence completion 1. switch; 2. carved; 3. bailed; 4. worked; 5. took; 6. turned; 7. weigh; 8. work; 9. backed; 10. teamed 3 Gap-fill exercise 1. taken; 2. took; 3. paying; 4. paid; 5. stands; 6. pay; 7. trade; 8. stand

Administration Department

1E 2K 3F 4A 5I 6J 7G 8D 9H 10C 11L 12B

Crank call I: the woman is horrified, shocked, surprised and disgusted (amongst many other things).

Crank call II: the hairdresser tries to pass the caller on to the manager.

19 USEFUL PHRASAL VERBS FOR WORK & BUSINESS!

Editorial Director Andy Coney (00 34 91 543 3573) andy@learnhotenglish.com Finance

VOCABULARY got; 5. isn’t; 6. is 4 Listening 1. Name and surname Caitlin Harper 2. Address 14 Marple Street 3. Missing object Bag 4. Time lost Last night 5. Place where lost On the train (most likely) 6. Description of item Small and green 7. Items inside bag Purse, passport and books 8. Contact number 698 342 786 Audio script At the police station Police: Good afternoon. How may I help you?

Kevin: Hi, I lost my bag last night.

Police: OK. What’s your name and surname, please?

Kevin: Kevin Harper.

Police: And your address?

Kevin: 14 Marple Street.

Police: When and where did you lose the bag?

Kevin: Last night on the train, I think.

Police: What does the bag look like?

Kevin: It’s small and green.

Police: What was in the bag?

Kevin: My wallet with some money in it, my passport and some books.

Police: OK. Have you got a mobile phone number?

Kevin: Yes, it’s 698 342 786.

Police: OK. We’ll contact you if we find anything.

Kevin: Thanks.

Managing Director Thorley Russell (00 34 91 543 3573) thorley@learnhotenglish.com

barcelona@learnhotenglish.com classes@learnhotenglish.com Editorial Department James Conway assistant editor Vanesa Carosia design Patrick Dempster writer Steve Brown writer Christine Saunders writer Louisa Staines writer Contributors Magnus Jones proof reading Marcie Peters proof reading Natalia Smith proof reading Laurent Guiard French depart.

Peter Time proof reading Danielle Ott intern Georgina Brown intern Rayner Taylor intern Vanessa Simmonds writer Petra Bates writer Slim Pickens special intern Nick Hargreaves writer Printing Printerman Audio Production HEP

MATCHING

ISSN 1577-7898 Depósito Legal M.14277.2001 May 2022

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A10 B6 C14 D7 E1 F13 G9 H11 I2 J12 K4 L8 M3 N5 1. They say that people from the east coast are fast-paced, workaholics, superficial, snobby and obsessed with wealth, prestige and their looks. They also say that the east coast has a lot of culture, museums and monuments.

2. They say that the people from the west coast are calm, easy-going, laid-back and that they take things as they come and have a slower pace of life. They also mention the beaches and Hollywood.

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