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ɄȺɊɒȿɊɂɇȽ ɄȺɄ ɋɅȿȾɋɌȼɂȿ ɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɐɂɎɊɈȼɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɋɬɚɪɨɫɬɢɧɚ ȼɚɥɟɪɢя Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɧɚ
from internauka292020
by bortnikova
№ 29 (158), 2020 ɝ.
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ɋɬɚɪɨɫɬɢɧɚ ȼɚɥɟɪɢɹ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɧɚ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɧɬ, ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɤɚ Ɇ.Ɏ. Ɋɟɲɟɬɧɟɜɚ, ɊɎ, ɝ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ
ɐɢɮɪɨɜɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɜɥɟɱɟɬ ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ [1]. ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɬɭɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɲɟɪɢɧɝ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɪɚɫɬɟɬ ɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝɚ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɬɨɜɚɪ ɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɭɞɚ ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɟɟ, ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɟɟ ɢ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɟɟ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɚɪɟɧɞɨɣ.
Ʉɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝ (ɨɬ ɚɧɝɥ. car sharing) –ɷɬɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɚɪɟɧɞɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɢɧɭɬɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɱɚɫɨɜɵɦ ɬɚɪɢɮɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯ ɩɨɟɡɞɨɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ.
Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɤɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝɚ ɨɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ ɚɪɟɧɞɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ: ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ; ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ ɪɚɡɛɪɨɫɚɧɵ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɝɨɪɨɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɲɟɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ; ɤɪɭɝɥɨɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɚɪɟɧɞɟ ɢ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɭ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ, ɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɱɚɫɵ; ɞɨɫɬɭɩɟɧ ɩɨɦɢɧɭɬɧɵɣ, ɩɨɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ, ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɬɚɪɢɮ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɥɢɲɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ; ɜɫɟ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɱɥɟɧɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɵ ɤ ɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ; ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɤɚ, ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɤɨɣ ɢ ɛɟɧɡɢɧ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɚɪɟɧɞɵ [2].
Ʉɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: 1. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɨɜ ɤɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝɚ ɜ ɡɚɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ. ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɵ ɤɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝɚ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɨɫɟɧɶɸ 2015 ɝɨɞɚ. Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɪɵɧɨɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɚɯ, ɤɚɤ: Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠ, ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ, ɇɢɠɧɢɣ ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞ, ɋɨɱɢ, Ⱥɞɥɟɪ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɚɹ ɉɨɥɹɧɚ, Ɍɭɚɩɫɟ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ƚɪɨɡɧɵɣ, ɋɚɦɚɪɚ, ɍɮɚ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɬɨɜ-ɧɚ-Ⱦɨɧɭ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪ, ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ, Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ, ɉɨɞɨɥɶɫɤ, Ⱦɨɦɨɞɟɞɨɜɨ, Ɍɭɥɚ, ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤ, ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜ [2]. ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ: Ⱦɟɥɢɦɨɛɢɥɶ, Youdrive, BelkaCar, Rentmee, Lifcar, Ʉɚɪɭɫɟɥɶ, əɧɞɟɤɫ.Ⱦɪɚɣɜ, Matreshcar [3]; 2. Ɉɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɤ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɋɒȺ «Zipcar», ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɬɚɪɲɟ 21 ɝɨɞɚ ɢ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ (ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɭ Zipcar ɟɫɬɶ ɪɟɟɫɬɪ ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɉȾȾ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦ, ɱɶɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɜɧɭɲɚɟɬ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɹ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɬɤɚɡɚɬɶ) [4]; 3. Ɉɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɬɚɪɢɮɚɦɢ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ. Ȼɟɧɡɢɧ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɫɚɣɬɟ «Zipcar» ɟɫɬɶ ɨɧɥɚɣɧ-ɤɚɥɶɤɭɥɹɬɨɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɸ ɨɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝɚ [4]. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɝɨ-ɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɲɟɜɵɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɦ ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝ, ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɷɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɠɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɤɚɬ ɢɥɢ ɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ; 4. ɉɪɨɣɬɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɚɣɬɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɚ; 5. ɉɨɞɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɢ ɡɚɛɪɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ. ɑɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɤɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝɚ ɩɪɢɫɵɥɚɸɬ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦ ɩɨ ɩɨɱɬɟ ɫɦɚɪɬɤɚɪɬɭ, ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɤɥɸɱ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ. ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɚɲɢɧɭ ɥɟɝɤɨ –ɧɚ ɫɚɣɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɡɚɣɬɢ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɭ, ɝɞɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɜɫɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɚɪɤɢɧɝɚ ɩɪɨɤɚɬɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɛɪɨɧɢ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹ, ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɨɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ; 6. ȼɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ; 7. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ; 8. Ɂɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɶ ɚɪɟɧɞɭ. ɑɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ.
Ʉɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɬɪɢ ɩɨɞɜɢɞɚ, ɤɚɤ [5]: 1. Free-floating. ɉɨɞɪɹɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɚɪɟɧɞɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɫ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɟɡɞɤɢ ɜ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɤɢ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɤɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝɚ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɸɚɧɫɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɚ, ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɤɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɥɸɛɵɦ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɚ; 2. Peer-to-peer ɤɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝ. ɉɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɚɜɬɨɩɪɨɤɚɬɚ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɚɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɤɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝɚ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɢ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɪɟɧɞɧɚɹ/ɩɪɨɤɚɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. Ⱥɪɟɧɞɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɨɬ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɧɥɚɣɧɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦ, ɚɝɪɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɤɚɬɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɚ ɜ ɋɒȺ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ «TURO» ɢ «GETAROUND». ɇɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ 2017 ɝɨɞɚ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɵ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɢ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ. ɇɚ ɹɧɜɚɪɶ 2018 ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɊɎ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ peer-to-peer ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 2 ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɧɥɚɣɧɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ: Darenta (ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫ 2014 ɝɨɞɚ) ɜ ɛɚɡɟ –1001 ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɨɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ; Rent A Ride (ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫ ɚɩɪɟɥɹ 2017 ɝɨɞɚ) ɜ ɛɚɡɟ –4000 ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɨɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ. ȼ ɧɨɹɛɪɟ
2017 ɝɨɞɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɚɧɨɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɟɳё ɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ –Use My Car. ȼ ɞɟɤɚɛɪɟ 2018 ɝɨɞɚ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ –Carenty, ɜ ɛɚɡɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ 500 ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ; 3. Fractional ɤɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝ. ɉɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ, ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ, ɞɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ. ɇɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ, ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɚɪɤ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɬɢɩɭ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɜ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ɂɚɩɭɫɤ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɚɧɨɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ.
Ɋɨɫɬ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝɚ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧ ɧɟɦɚɥɵɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɭ, ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɲɢɧ, ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬ, ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɷɬɨ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɨ, ɫ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ –ɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ, ɛɟɧɡɢɧ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɤɚ ɭɠɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɧɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɤɢɧɝɚ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɚɯ-ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɚɯ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɛɥɚɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜɫɹ ɲɟɪɢɧɝ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ, ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɵɧɤɚ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɹ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɣ ɨɛɨɪɨɬ. ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɟɪɜɢɫ ɲɟɪɢɧɝɚ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɢɬ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɢ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɦ ɛɵɬɭ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɢɞɟɸ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ [4].
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ:
1. ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɢ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. –Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: URL: https://tiarcenter.com/sharing-economy-research/(ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 01.08.2020) 2. Ʉɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. –Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0 %B3 (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 01.08.2020) 3. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝɨɦ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. –Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: https://www.mos.ru/otvettransport/kak-polzovatsya-karsheringom/(ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 04.08.2020) 4. Carsharing ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ –ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɚɣɬ ɨ ɤɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝɟ: ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɢ, ɬɚɪɢɮɵ, ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. –Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: https://skidka02.ru/raznoe-2/carsharing-chto-eto-informacionnyj-sajt-o-karsheringeavtomobili-tarify-usloviya.html (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 06.08.2020) 5. Ʉɚɪɲɟɪɢɧɝ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. –Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: http://iobninsk.ru/carsharing/ (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 07.08.2020)
