ɂɇȽɅɂɁ ɌɂɅɂȾȺ ɌȺɋȼɂɊɂɃ ɆȺɔɇɈɇɂɇȽ ɂɎɈȾȺɅȺɇɂɒɂ Aliboeva Nilufar Makhamatali kizi

O'ZBEK TILIDA MAQOLALAR

PEDAGOGIKA

ɂɇȽɅɂɁ ɌɂɅɂȾȺ ɌȺɋȼɂɊɂɃ ɆȺɔɇɈɇɂɇȽ ɂɎɈȾȺɅȺɇɂɒɂ

Aliboeva Nilufar Makhamatali kizi teacher of Kokand State Pedagogical Institute, O’zbekiston, Kokand

ȺɇɇɈɌȺɐɂə

Ɉɥɚɦɧɢɧɝ ɥɢɫɨɧɢɣ ɦɚɧɡɚɪɚɫɢ, ɛɚɞɢɢɣ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢ ԟɚɪ ɛɢɪ ɬɢɥɞɚ ўɡɢɝɚ ɯɨɫ ɜɚ ɫɟɪԕɢɪɪɚ, ɛɭ ɛɨɪɥɢԕԕɚ ɦɢɥɥɢɣ ɧɚɡɚɪ, ԟɚɪ ɛɢɪ ɬɢɥɧɢɧɝ ўɡɢɝɚ ɯɨɫ ɮɨɧɟɬɢɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɫɢ ԟɚɦɞɚ ɦɢɥɥɢɣ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɯɭɫɭɫɢɹɬɥɚɪɢ ɛɢɥɚɧ ɛɨғɥɢԕ. ɍɲɛɭ ɦɚɤɨɥɚɞɚ ɨɥɚɦ ɥɢɫɨɧɢɣ ɦɚɧɡɚɪɚɫɢɧɢɧɝ ўɡɢɝɚ ɯɨɫ ɢɲɥɚɧɝɚɧ ɜɚ ɫɚɣԕɚɥɥɚɲɬɢɪɢɥɝɚɧ, ɷɧɝ ɦɭɤɚɦɦɚɥ ɤўɪɢɧɢɲɢ ɛўɥɝɚɧ ɛɚɞɢɢɣ ɬɚɫɜɢɪ ԕɢɣɦɚɬɢ ɧɚɮɚԕɚɬɫɸɠɟɬɢɧɢɧɝɢɡɱɢɥɥɢɝɢ, ɛɚɥɤɢ ɛɟɜɨɫɢɬɚɦɢɥɥɢɣ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɜɨɫɢɬɚɥɚɪɢɧɢɧɝԕɚɣɞɚɪɚɠɚɞɚɬɚɧɥɚɧɝɚɧɥɢɝɢɧɢɤɭɪɚɦɢɡ.

Ʉɚɥɢɬ ɫўɡɥɚɪ: ɨɬ, ɫɢɮɚɬ, ɨɧɨɦɨɬɨɩɢɹ, ɮɟɶɥ, ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɫўɡɥɚɪ, ɬɚԕɥɢɞɢɣ ɫўɡɥɚɪ.

Ԟɚɪ ɛɢɪ ɬɢɥ ɭɱɭɧ ўɡɚɪɨ ɤўɩ ԟɚɦ ɮɚɪԕɥɚɧɦɚɣɞɢɝɚɧ ɠɢԟɚɬɥɚɪ ɛɢɥɚɧ ɛɢɪɝɚ, ɬɢɥɥɚɪɧɢɧɝ ўɡɢɝɚ ɯɨɫ ɯɭɫɭɫɢɹɬɥɚɪɢ ɹԕԕɨɥ ɤўɡɝɚ ɬɚɲɥɚɧɢɛ ɬɭɪɚɞɢɝɚɧ, ɫɨɮ ɦɢɥɥɢɣ ɥɢɫɨɧɢɣ ɬɚɛɢɚɬɝɚ ɷɝɚ ɛўɥɝɚɧ ɠɢԟɚɬɥɚɪ ԟɚɦ ɛɨɪɤɢ, ɭ ɬɢɥɧɢɧɝ ɦɨԟɢɹɬɢɧɢ, ɬɢɥɥɚɪ ɨɥɚɦɢɞɚɝɢ ўɡɢɝɚ ɯɨɫɥɢɤɥɚɪɢɧɢ ɬɚɴɦɢɧɥɚɣɞɢɝɚɧ ԟɨɞɢɫɚɥɚɪ ԟɢɫɨɛɥɚɧɚɞɢ. Ȼɭ ԟɨɥɚɬ ɮɨɧɟɬɢɤɚ, ɥɟɤɫɢɤɚ ɜɚ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɚɞɚ ўɡɢɝɚ ɯɨɫ ɬɚɪɡɞɚ ɧɚɦɨёɧ ɛўɥɚɞɢ. ɍɲɛɭ ԟɨɞɢɫɚɥɚɪ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɚɞɚ ɦɚɴɥɭɦ ɞɚɪɚɠɚɞɚ ɤɚɦɪɨԕ ɛўɥɫɚ-ɞɚ, ɮɨɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɜɚ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɚɞɚ ɹԕԕɨɥ ɧɚɦɨёɧ ɛўɥɚɞɢ. Ўɡɢɝɚ ɯɨɫɥɢɤ ɮɨɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɜɚ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɚɝɚ ɧɢɫɛɚɬɚɧ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɚɞɚ ɤɚɦɪɨԕ ɤўɡɝɚ ɬɚɲɥɚɧɢɲɢɧɢɧɝ ɞɚɥɢɥɢ ɲɭɧɞɚɤɢ, ɛɢɪɨɪ ɬɢɥɞɚ ўɡɥɚɲɦɚ ɮɨɧɟɬɢɤ ɜɚ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤ ԟɨɞɢɫɚɥɚɪ ɞɟɹɪɥɢ ɭɱɪɚɦɚɣɞɢ, ɥɟɤɢɧ ɛɨɲԕɚ ɬɢɥɥɚɪɞɚɧ ɨɥɢɧɝɚɧ ɥɟɤɫɢɤ ԟɨɞɢɫɚɥɚɪ ԟɚɪ ɛɢɪ ɬɢɥɞɚ ɢɫɬɚɥɝɚɧɱɚ ɭɱɪɚɛ ɬɭɪɚɞɢ. Ȼɭɧɝɚ ўɡɛɟɤ ɬɢɥɢɝɚ ɦɢɧɝ ɣɢɥɥɚɪ ɞɚɜɨɦɢɞɚ ɚɪɚɛ ɬɢɥɢɞɚɧ, ɸɡ ɣɢɥɥɚɪ ɞɚɜɨɦɢɞɚ ɪɭɫ, ɜɚ ɤɟɣɢɧɝɢ ɱɨɪɚɤ ɚɫɪɞɚ ɢɧɝɥɢɡ ɬɢɥɢɞɚɧ ɠɭɞɚ ɤўɩ ɫўɡɥɚɪ ўɡɥɚɲɝɚɧɢ ԟɨɥɞɚ ɛɢɪɨɪɬɚ ɮɨɧɟɬɢɤ ɜɚ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤ ԟɨɞɢɫɚ ɦɢɥɥɢɣ ɛɨɣɥɢɝɢɦɢɡɝɚ ɚɣɥɚɧɦɚɝɚɧɥɢɝɢɧɢ ɞɚɥɢɥ ɫɢɮɚɬɢɞɚ ɤўɪɫɚɬɢɲɢɦɢɡ ɦɭɦɤɢɧ. Ȼɢɪɨԕ ɬɢɥ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɚɫɢɞɚɝɢ ɫўɡ ɬɭɪɤɭɦɥɚɪɢ ɝɭɪɭԟɢɞɚ ԟɚɦ ɫўɡ ўɡɥɚɲɢɲɢ ԟɨɞɢɫɚɫɢ ɛɢɪ ɯɢɥɞɚ ɭɱɪɚɦɚɣɞɢ. Ɇɚɫɚɥɚɧ, ɛɢɪɨɪ ɬɢɥɞɚ ɫɨɮ ўɡɥɚɲɦɚ ёɤɢ ɬɚԕɥɢɞɢɣ (ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ) ɫўɡɥɚɪɧɢɧɝ ɭɱɪɚɦɚɫɥɢɝɢ ɮɢɤɪɢɦɢɡ ɢɫɛɨɬɢɞɢɪ. Ԕɭɣɢɞɚ ԟɚɪ ɛɢɪ ɬɢɥɧɢɧɝ ўɡɢɝɚ ɯɨɫ ɦɚɜɠɭɞɥɢɤ ɷɤɚɧɥɢɝɢɧɢ ɞɚɥɢɥɥɚɣɞɢɝɚɧ ԟɨɞɢɫɚɥɚɪɞɚɧ ɛɢɪɢ –ɬɢɥɲɭɧɨɫɥɢɤɞɚ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɫўɡɥɚɪ ɞɟɛ ɧɨɦ ɨɥɝɚɧ ɫўɡɥɚɪɧɢɧɝ ɥɢɫɨɧɢɣ ɫɢɮɚɬɥɚɪɢ ԟɚԕɢɞɚ ɫўɡ ɸɪɢɬɚɦɢɡ.

Ɇɚɴɥɭɦɤɢ, ɞɭɧё ɜɚ ɬɭɪɤɢɣ, ɲɭɧɢɧɝɞɟɤ, ўɡɛɟɤ ɬɢɥɢɞɚ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɫўɡɥɚɪ ɞɚɜɪ ɬɚɥɚɛɥɚɪɢ ɞɚɪɚɠɚɫɢɞɚ ɚɧɱɚ ўɪɝɚɧɢɥɝɚɧ ɜɚ ɦɭɚɦɦɨɧɢɧɝ ўɬɝɚɧ ɚɫɪ ɦɢёɧɚɥɚɪɢɝɚɱɚ ɛўɥɝɚɧ ɬɚɞԕɢԕɢ ԟɚԕɢɞɚɝɢ ɦɚɴɥɭɦɨɬɥɚɪɧɢ ўɡɛɟɤ ɬɢɥɲɭɧɨɫɢ Ɋ.Ԕўɧғɭɪɨɜ ɜɚ Ё.Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɫɭɥɨɜɥɚɪɧɢɧɝ ɧɨɦɥɚɪɢ ɡɢɤɪ ɷɬɢɥɝɚɧ ɦɚɧɛɚɥɚɪɢɞɚɧ ɨɥɢɲɢɧɝɢɡ ɦɭɦɤɢɧ.

Ɇɚɴɥɭɦɤɢ, ɤўɩɝɢɧɚ ɬɭɪɤɢɣ ɬɢɥɥɚɪɞɚ ɛўɥɝɚɧɢ ɤɚɛɢ ўɡɛɟɤ ɬɢɥɢɞɚ ԟɚɦ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɫўɡɥɚɪɧɢɧɝ ɚɤɫɚɪɢɹɬɢ ɚɫɨɫɚɧ ԟɨɥɚɬ ёɤɢ ԟɚɪɚɤɚɬɝɚ ɬɚԕɥɢɞɧɢ ɚɧɝɥɚɬɭɜɱɢ ɛɢɪɥɢɤɥɚɪɞɚɧ ɬɚɲɤɢɥ ɬɨɩɝɚɧ. ɍɥɚɪɧɢ ɝɨԟ ɬɚԕɥɢɞɢɣ, ɝɨԟ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɫўɡɥɚɪ ɫɢɮɚɬɢɞɚ ɧɨɦɥɚɲ ԟɨɥɥɚɪɢ ɦɚɜɠɭɞ ɛўɥɢɛ, ɭɥɚɪɧɢ ɛɢɪ-ɛɢɪɢɧɢɧɝ ўɪɧɢɞɚ ɦɭɬɥɚԕ ɢɫɬɢɫɧɨɫɢɡ ԕўɥɥɚɧɚ ɨɥɚɞɢɝɚɧ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɥɚɪ ɫɢɮɚɬɢɞɚ ɨɥɢɲ ɦɭɦɤɢɧ ɷɦɚɫ. ɏɭɫɭɫɚɧ, ɬɢɥɲɭɧɨɫ Ɋ.Ԕўɧғɭɪɨɜ ɬɚԕɢɥɥɚɦɨԕ, ɲɭɜɢɥɥɚɦɨԕ ɤɚɛɢ ɫўɡɥɚɪɧɢ ԟɚɦ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɫўɡɥɚɪ ɫɢɮɚɬɢɞɚ ԕɚɪɚɣɞɢɤɢ, ɛɭɧɞɚɣ ёɧɞɚɲɭɜɞɚ ɥɟɤɫɢɤ ԟɨɞɢɫɚɥɚɪɧɢ ɮɚɪԕɥɚɲ ɫɨɮ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤ ɷɦɚɫ, ɛɚɥɤɢ ɥɟɤɫɢɤ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤ ɚɫɨɫɥɚɪɞɚ ɷɤɚɧɥɢɝɢɧɢ ɬɚɴɤɢɞɥɚɲ ɥɨɡɢɦ. Ȼɭɧɞɚɣ ɛɢɪɥɢɤɥɚɪɧɢɧɝ ɚɤɫɚɪɢɹɬɢ ɚɥɨԟɢɞɚ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤ ɝɭɪɭԟ –ɬɚԕɥɢɞ ɫўɡ ɫɢɮɚɬɢɞɚ ԕўɥɥɚɧɢɲɢ ɷɴɬɢɛɨɪɝɚ ɦɨɥɢɤ. Ȼɭ ԟɨɥɚɬ ўɡɛɟɤ ɬɢɥɢɧɢɧɝ ɚɝɝɥɸɬɢɧɚɬɢɜ ɬɢɥɥɚɪɝɚ ɦɚɧɫɭɛɥɢɝɢ, ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɦɚɴɧɨɧɢɧɝ ɢɮɨɞɚɥɚɧɢɲɢɞɚɝɢ ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɤ ɮɚɪԕɥɚɪ ɬɢɥɥɚɪɧɢɧɝ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɤ ɯɭɫɭɫɢɹɬɥɚɪɢ (ɚɝɝɥɸɬɢɧɚɰɢɜ/ɮɥɟɤɬɢɜ) ɛɢɥɚɧ ɛɨғɥɢԕɥɢɝɢɧɢ ɬɚɴɤɢɞɥɚɲ ɥɨɡɢɦ.

Ɏɥɟɤɬɢɜ ɬɢɥɥɚɪ ɨɢɥɚɫɢɝɚ ɦɚɧɫɭɛ ɢɧɝɥɢɡ ɬɢɥɢɞɚ ɬɚԕɥɢɞɢɣ ɛɢɪɥɢɤɥɚɪ ɜɚ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɢɮɨɞɚɥɚɪ ɨɪɚɫɢɞɚ, ɬɚɛɢɢɣɤɢ, ɛɢɪɦɭɧɱɚ ɣɢɪɢɤ ɬɚɮɨɜɭɬɧɢ ɤўɪɢɲ ɦɭɦɤɢɧ. ɏɭɫɭɫɚɧ, ɢɧɝɥɢɡ ɬɢɥɢɞɚ ԟɨɥɚɬ ёɤɢ ԟɚɪɚɤɚɬɝɚ ɧɢɫɛɚɬɚɧ ԕўɥɥɚɧɚɞɢɝɚɧ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɢɮɨɞɚɥɚɪ 1 ɚɤɫɚɪɢɹɬ ԟɨɥɥɚɪɞɚ ɬɚԕɥɢɞ ɫўɡɥɚɪɞɚɧ ɤɟɥɢɛ ɱɢԕɦɚɣɞɢ, ɛɭ ɤɚɛɢ ɛɢɪɥɢɤɥɚɪ ɦɭɫɬɚԕɢɥ ɥɭғɚɜɢɣ ɦɚɴɧɨɝɚ ɷɝɚ ɫɨɮ ɮɟɴɥ ԟɢɫɨɛɥɚɧɚɞɢ. Ƚɚɩɞɚ ɭɲɛɭ ɮɟɴɥ ɲɚɤɥɥɚɪɢ ɬɭɪɥɢ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤ ɜɚɡɢɮɚɧɢ ɛɚɠɚɪɢɲɢ ɦɭɦɤɢɧ. Ⱥɝɚɪ ўɡɛɟɤ ɬɢɥɢɞɚ ԟɨɥɚɬ ёɤɢ ԟɚɪɚɤɚɬɧɢ ɢɮɨɞɚɥɨɜɱɢ ɬɚԕɥɢɞɢɣ ɛɢɪɥɢɤɥɚɪ ɷɬɢɛ, ԕɢɥɢɛ ёɪɞɚɦɱɢ ɮɟɴɥɢ ɛɢɥɚɧ ɛɢɪɢɤɤɚɧɢɧɢ ёɤɢ ɪɚɜɢɲɞɨɲ ԕўɲɢɦɱɚɫɢ ёɪɞɚɦɢɞɚ ɦɨɫɥɚɲɝɚɧɢɧɢ ɜɚ ɦɭɫɬɚԕɢɥ ԟɨɥɞɚ ɤɟɫɢɦ ёɤɢ ɚɥɨԟɢɞɚ ɝɚɩ ɜɚɡɢɮɚɫɢɞɚ ɤɟɥɦɚɫɥɢɝɢɧɢ ɤɭɡɚɬɫɚɤ, ɢɧɝɥɢɡ ɬɢɥɢɞɚ ԟɚɪɚɤɚɬ ɜɚ ԟɨɥɚɬɧɢ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɥɨɜɱɢ ɫўɡɥɚɪ ɦɭɫɬɚԕɢɥ ԟɨɥɞɚ ɤɟɫɢɦ ɜɚɡɢɮɚɫɢɞɚ ԕўɥɥɚɧɢɲɢɝɚ ɝɭɜɨԟ ɛўɥɚɦɢɡ. ɂɧɝɥɢɡ ɬɢɥɢɞɚɝɢ ɛɚɞɢɢɣ ɦɚɬɧɥɚɪɞɚ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɦɚɴɧɨ ɬɭɪɥɢ ɜɨɫɢɬɚɥɚɪ ёɪɞɚɦɢɞɚ ɢɮɨɞɚɥɚɧɚɞɢ. ɍ

1 Ȼɢɡ ɛɭɧɞɚ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɢɮɨɞɚ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɧɢ ўɡɛɟɤ ɬɢɥɲɭɧɨɫɥɢɝɢɞɚ ɨɦɦɚɥɚɲɝɚɧ ɩɚɪɚɮɪɚɡɚ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɢ ɛɢɥɚɧ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɞɨɲ ɛɢɪɥɢɤ ɫɢɮɚɬɢɞɚ ԕўɥɥɚɧɚɞɢɝɚɧ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɢɮɨɞɚ ɚɬɚɦɚɫɢ ɦɚɴɧɨɫɢɞɚɧ ɛɭɬɤɭɥ ɛɨɲԕɚ ɦɨԟɢɹɬɛɢɥɚɧԕўɥɥɚɣɦɢɡ.

ԟɨɥɚɬ ɜɚ ԟɚɪɚɤɚɬ ɬɚɪɡɢɧɢ ɚɧɝɥɚɬɚɞɢɝɚɧ ԟɚɪ ɯɢɥ ɬɚԕɥɢɞɢɣ ɛɢɪɥɢɤɥɚɪ ёɪɞɚɦɢɞɚ ɢɮɨɞɚɥɚɧɢɲɢ ԟɚɦ ɦɭɦɤɢɧ. Ȼɭ ɛɢɥɚɧ ɮɥɟɤɬɢɜ ɬɢɥɥɚɪ ɨɢɥɚɫɢɝɚ ɤɢɪɭɜɱɢ ɢɧɝɥɢɡ ɬɢɥɢɝɚ ɬɚԕɥɢɞ ɢɮɨɞɚɥɨɜɱɢ ɛɢɪɥɢɤɥɚɪ ɭɦɭɦɚɧ ɯɨɫ ɷɦɚɫ ёɤɢ ɞɟɝɚɧ ɮɢɤɪɞɚɧ ɣɢɪɨԕ ɷɤɚɧɥɢɝɢɦɢɡɧɢ ɬɚɴɤɢɞɥɚɲɧɢ ɯɨԟɥɚɪ ɷɞɢɤ. Ⱦɚɥɢɥɥɚɪ ɤўɪɫɚɬɚɞɢɤɢ, ɛɚɴɡɢ ԟɨɥɥɚɪɞɚ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɦɚɴɧɨɞɚɝɢ ɫўɡɥɚɪ ɛɟɜɨɫɢɬɚ ɬɚԕɥɢɞ ɫўɡɥɚɪ ɦɚɴɧɨ ɜɚ ɦɨԟɢɹɬɢɝɚ ɷɝɚ ɛўɥɢɲɢ ԟɚɦ ɦɭɦɤɢɧ. Ɇɚɫɚɥɚɧ, ɮɟɴɥ ɲɚɤɥɢɞɚɝɢ ɮɟɴɥɥɚɪ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚɫɢɞɚ ɬɚԕɥɢɞ ɦɚɴɧɨɫɢ ɚɧɝɥɚɲɢɥɢɛ ɬɭɪɚɞɢ. ɒɭ ўɪɢɧɞɚ ɢɧɝɥɢɡ ɬɢɥɢɞɚɝɢ ɬɚԕɥɢɞɥɚɪ ɜɚ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɫўɡɥɚɪ ɨɪɚɫɢɞɚɝɢ ɬɚɮɨɜɭɬɝɚ ɚɥɨԟɢɞɚ ɭɪғɭ ɛɟɪɢɲ ɥɨɡɢɦ. Ȼɭɧɞɚ ɛɢɡ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɤ ɚɫɨɫ ɫɢɮɚɬɢɞɚ ɬɚɹɧɚɞɢɝɚɧ ɬɢɥɲɭɧɨɫ Ɋ.Ԕўɧғɭɪɨɜɧɢɧɝ ɬɚԕɥɢɞɢɣ ɜɚ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɫўɡɥɚɪɧɢ ɮɚɪԕɥɚɲ ɬɚɦɨɣɢɥɥɚɪɢɞɚɧ ɤɟɥɢɛ ɱɢԕɚɦɢɡ. Ɇɚɴɥɭɦɤɢ, ɨɥɢɦ ɬɚԕɥɢɞ ɫўɡɥɚɪ ɫɢɪɚɫɢɝɚ ɛɟɜɨɫɢɬɚ ԟɚɣɜɨɧɥɚɪ, ɬɚɛɢɚɬ ԟɨɞɢɫɚɥɚɪɢ, ɧɚɪɫɚɛɭɸɦ, ԕɨɥɚɜɟɪɫɚ, ɢɧɫɨɧ ɬɨɜɭɲɥɚɪɢɝɚ ɬɚԕɥɢɞɧɢ ɚɧɝɥɚɬɭɜɱɢ ɢɮɨɞɚɥɚɪɧɢ ɤɢɪɢɬɚɞɢ. Ȼɭɧɞɚɣ ɬɨɜɭɲɥɚɪ ɠɚɦɥɚɧɦɚɫɢ ɛɟɜɨɫɢɬɚ ɤɢɲɢɧɢɧɝ ɷɲɢɬɢɲ ɨɪԕɚɥɢ ԕɚɛɭɥ ԕɢɥɝɚɧ ɬɨɜɭɲɥɚɪ ɬɢɡɢɦɢɝɚ ɚɫɨɫɥɚɧɚɞɢ. Ɍɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɫўɡɥɚɪ ɷɫɚ ԟɚɪɚɤɚɬɧɢɧɝ ɬɚɪɡɢ ёɤɢ ԟɨɥɚɬ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɧɢ ɢɮɨɞɚɥɚɣɞɢ. ɂɧɝɥɢɡ ɬɢɥɢɞɚ ԟɚɦ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɢɮɨɞɚɥɚɪ ɫɢɮɚɬɢɞɚ ɬɚԕɥɢɞɢɣ ɛɢɪɥɢɤɥɚɪɧɢɧɝ ԕўɥɥɚɧɢɲɢɧɢ ɤɭɡɚɬɢɲ ɦɭɦɤɢɧ. Ȼɭ ɤɚɛɢ ɛɢɪɥɢɤɥɚɪ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɢɮɨɞɚɜɢɣɥɢɤɧɢ ɨɲɢɪɢɲɝɚ ɯɢɡɦɚɬ ԕɢɥɚɞɢ. ɒɭ ўɪɢɧɞɚ ɢɧɝɥɢɡ ɬɢɥɢɞɚɝɢ ɬɚԕɥɢɞɥɚɪ ɜɚ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɫўɡɥɚɪ ɨɪɚɫɢɞɚɝɢ ɬɚɮɨɜɭɬɝɚ ɚɥɨԟɢɞɚ ɭɪғɭ ɛɟɪɢɲ ɥɨɡɢɦ. Ȼɭɧɞɚ ɛɢɡ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɤ ɚɫɨɫ ɫɢɮɚɬɢɞɚ ɬɚɹɧɚɞɢɝɚɧ ɬɢɥɲɭɧɨɫ Ɋ.Ԕўɧғɭɪɨɜɧɢɧɝ ɬɚԕɥɢɞɢɣ ɜɚ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɫўɡɥɚɪɧɢ ɮɚɪԕɥɚɲ ɬɚɦɨɣɢɥɥɚɪɢɞɚɧ ɤɟɥɢɛ ɱɢԕɚɦɢɡ. Ɇɚɴɥɭɦɤɢ, ɨɥɢɦ ɬɚԕɥɢɞ ɫўɡɥɚɪ ɫɢɪɚɫɢɝɚ ɛɟɜɨɫɢɬɚ ԟɚɣɜɨɧɥɚɪ, ɬɚɛɢɚɬ ԟɨɞɢɫɚɥɚɪɢ, ɧɚɪɫɚɛɭɸɦ, ԕɨɥɚɜɟɪɫɚ, ɢɧɫɨɧ ɬɨɜɭɲɥɚɪɢɝɚ ɬɚԕɥɢɞɧɢ ɚɧɝɥɚɬɭɜɱɢ ɢɮɨɞɚɥɚɪɧɢ ɤɢɪɢɬɚɞɢ. Ȼɭɧɞɚɣ ɬɨɜɭɲɥɚɪ ɠɚɦɥɚɧɦɚɫɢ ɛɟɜɨɫɢɬɚ ɤɢɲɢɧɢɧɝ ɷɲɢɬɢɲ ɨɪԕɚɥɢ ԕɚɛɭɥ ԕɢɥɝɚɧ ɬɨɜɭɲɥɚɪ ɬɢɡɢɦɢɝɚ ɚɫɨɫɥɚɧɚɞɢ. Ɍɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɫўɡɥɚɪ ɷɫɚ ԟɚɪɚɤɚɬɧɢɧɝ ɬɚɪɡɢ ёɤɢ ԟɨɥɚɬ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɧɢ ɢɮɨɞɚɥɚɣɞɢ [1]. ɂɧɝɥɢɡ ɬɢɥɢɞɚ ԟɚɦ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɢɮɨɞɚɥɚɪ ɫɢɮɚɬɢɞɚ ɬɚԕɥɢɞɢɣ ɛɢɪɥɢɤɥɚɪɧɢɧɝ ԕўɥɥɚɧɢɲɢɧɢ ɤɭɡɚɬɢɲ ɦɭɦɤɢɧ. Ȼɭ ɤɚɛɢ ɛɢɪɥɢɤɥɚɪ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɢɮɨɞɚɜɢɣɥɢɤɧɢ ɨɲɢɪɢɲɝɚ ɯɢɡɦɚɬ ԕɢɥɚɞɢ. Ɇɢɫɨɥ: He could hear his mother playing the piano, not For Elise now but something else he didn't like so well - something that sounded dry and fussy; he could hear rain flickingsteadily against the kitchen windows.(King, “S.It”) (Ɍɚɪɠɢɦɚɫɢ: ɍ ɨɧɚɫɢɧɢɧɝ ɩɢɚɧɢɧɨ ɱɚɥɚёɬɝɚɧɢɧɢ ɷɲɢɬɢɛ ɬɭɪɚɪɞɢ, ɛɭ ɫɚɮɚɪ Эɥɢɡɚɝɚ ɤɭɣ ɷɦɚɫ, ɭɧɝɚ ёқɦɚɣɞɢɝɚɧ ɚɥɥɚқɚɧɞɚɣ ɛɨɲқɚ ɛɢɪ қɭɪɭқ ɜɚ ɬɭɲɭɧɚɪɫɢɡ ɨΣɚɧɝ; қɭɥɨғɢɝɚ ɭɡɥɭɤɫɢɡ ёɦғɢɪɧɢɧɝ ɞɟɪɚɡɚɧɢ ɦɭɞɨɦ ɱɟɪɬɚёɬɝɚɧɢ ɷɲɢɬɢɥɞɢ.) Ɇɢɫɨɥɞɚ ёɦғɢɪɧɢɧɝ ɬɨɜɭɲɢɝɚ ɧɢɫɛɚɬɚɧ flickingsteadily ɬɚԕɥɢɞɢɣ ɢɮɨɞɚɫɢ ԕўɥɥɚɧɝɚɧ. Ƚɚɪɱɢ ɛɭ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɛɢɪɥɢɤ ɬɭɪɤɢɣ ɬɢɥɥɚɪɞɚɝɢɞɟɤ ɫɨɮ ɬɚԕɥɢɞ ɤўɪɢɧɢɲɢɞɚ ɷɦɚɫ, ɛɚɥɤɢ ɮɟɴɥ ɲɚɤɥɢɞɚ ԕўɥɥɚɧɝɚɧ ɛўɥɫɚ-ɞɚ, ɭ ёɦғɢɪɧɢɧɝ ԕɚɣ ɬɚɪɡɞɚ, ԕɚɣ ԟɨɥɚɬɞɚ ёғɚёɬɝɚɧɢɝɚ ɷɦɚɫ, ɛɚɥɤɢ ɭɧɢɧɝ ԕɚɧɞɚɣ ɨɜɨɡ ɱɢԕɚɪɚёɬɝɚɧɢɝɚ ɷɴɬɢɛɨɪɧɢ ɬɨɪɬɚɞɢ. Ⱥɣɧɚɧ ɨɜɨɡɝɚ ɬɚԕɥɢɞɧɢ ɢɮɨɞɚɥɚɝɚɧɥɢɝɢ ɫɚɛɚɛɥɢ ɛɭ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɚɧɢ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɫўɡ ɞɟɛ ɛўɥɦɚɣɞɢ. ɦɚɧɚ ɛɭ ɦɢɫɨɥɞɚ ɷɫɚ ɛɨɲԕɚ ԟɨɥɚɬ ɤɭɡɚɬɢɥɚɞɢ: The project went forward at a steady gait. (David Poyer, “Onslaught”) (Ɍɚɪɠɢɦɚɫɢ: ɅɨɣɢΣɚ ɛɢɪ ɦɚɪɨɦɞɚ ɢɥɞɚɦɥɚɛ ɛɨɪɚɪɞɢ). Ȼɭ ɠɭɦɥɚɞɚ ɬɨɜɭɲɝɚ ɬɚԕɥɢɞ ɷɦɚɫ, ɛɚɥɤɢ ԟɨɥɚɬ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢ ɢɮɨɞɚɥɚɧɝɚɧ. ɒɭ ɚɫɨɫɞɚ gait ɢɮɨɞɚɫɢɧɢ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɫўɡ ɫɢɮɚɬɢɞɚ ԕɚɛɭɥ ԕɢɥɢɲ ɦɭɦɤɢɧ. ɂɧɝɥɢɡ ɬɢɥɢɞɚ ԟɨɥɚɬɧɢ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɥɨɜɱɢ ɛɢɪɥɢɤɥɚɪ ɤўɥɚɦɢ ўɡɛɟɤ ɬɢɥɢɞɚɝɢɝɚ ɧɢɫɛɚɬɚɧ ɬɨɪ. Ɇɚɜɠɭɞ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɢɮɨɞɚɥɚɪ ɷɫɚ ɮɚԕɚɬ ɦɚɴɥɭɦ ɛɢɪ ԕɨɥɢɩɝɚ ɫɨɥɢɧɝɚɧ ԟɨɥɚɬɥɚɪɝɚ, ɦɚɫɚɥɚɧ, ɤўɡ ԕɚɪɚɲɥɚɪɢ, ɛɢɪɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɢɧɝ ɬɭɫɥɚɧɢɲɢ ɤɚɛɢ ԟɨɥɚɬɥɚɪɝɚ ɧɢɫɛɚɬɚɧ ԕўɥɥɚɧɢɲɢɧɢ ɤɭɡɚɬɢɲ ɦɭɦɤɢɧ. Ɇɢɫɨɥ: His dirty blond hair was banded back in a ponytail. His light blue eyes never seemed to blink. But the first thing most people noticed were the scars radiating out from his nose. The doctors had said they could fix them, but he'd told them not to bother. (Mazel Adam, “Morgantown”) (Ɍɚɪɠɢɦɚɫɢ: ɍɧɢɧɝ ɦɚɥɥɚɪɚɧɝ ɤɢɪ ɫɨɱɥɚɪɢ ɛɢɪ ɬɭɬɚɦ қɢɥɢɛ ɛɨғɥɚɧɝɚɧɞɢ. Ɇɨɜɢɣ ɪɚɧɝ ɤўɡɥɚɪɢ ɷɫɚ ɫɢɪɚ ɩɢɪɩɢɪɚɦɚɫɞɢ. Ʌɟɤɢɧ ɤўɩɱɢɥɢɤ, ɷɧɝ ɚɜɜɚɥɨ, ɭɧɢɧɝ ɛɭɪɧɢ ɚɬɪɨɮɢɞɚɝɢ ɱɚɧɞɢқɥɚɪɝɚ ɷɴɬɢɛɨɪ ɛɟɪɞɢ. ɒɢɮɨɤɨɪɥɚɪ ɱɚɧɞɢқɥɚɪɧɢ ɞɚɜɨɥɚɣ ɨɥɢɲɥɚɪɢɧɢ ɚɣɬɢɲɫɚ-ɞɚ, ɭ “ɨɜɨɪɚ ɛўɥɦɚɧɝɥɚɪ” ɞɟɝɚɧɞɟɤ ɪɚɞ ɷɬɞɢ.) Ȼɭ ɩɚɪɱɚɞɚ to blink (ɩɢɪɩɢɪɚɦɨқ) ɫўɡɢ ԟɨɥɚɬɧɢ ɢɮɨɞɚɥɚɲ ɭɱɭɧ ԕўɥɥɚɧɝɚɧ. Ȼɢɪɨԕ ɛɭ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɚɧɢ ɬɚԕɥɢɞ ɚɫɨɫɢɞɚ ɜɭɠɭɞɝɚ ɤɟɥɝɚɧ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɫўɡ ɫɢɮɚɬɢɞɚ ɛɚԟɨɥɚɲ ɛɢɪɨɡ ɦɭɲɤɭɥ. Ɂɟɪɨ, ɭ ɨɬ ԟɚɦ, ɦɭɫɬɚԕɢɥ ɦɚɴɧɨɝɚ ɷɝɚ ɮɟɴɥ ԟɚɦ ԟɢɫɨɛɥɚɧɚɞɢ. ɋўɡ ɥɭғɚɬɥɚɪɞɚ ɨɬ ɫɢɮɚɬɢɞɚ ԟɚɦ (“ɩɢɪɩɢɪɚɬɢɲ”, “ɦɢɥɬɢɥɥɚɲ”, “ɥɚԟɡɚ”: ɥɭғɚɬ ɲɚɤɥɢ –a blink), ɮɟɴɥ (“ɩɢɪɩɢɪɚɦɨԕ”, “ɦɢɥɬɢɪɚɦɨԕ”: ɥɭғɚɬ ɲɚɤɥɢ –to blink) ɫɢɮɚɬɢɞɚ ԟɚɦ ɢɡɨԟɥɚɧɚɞɢ. Ȼɭ ɞɚɥɢɥɥɚɪ ɢɧɝɥɢɡ ɬɢɥɢɞɚɝɢ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɛɢɪɥɢɤɥɚɪɧɢɧɝ ɚɤɫɚɪɢɹɬɢ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɤ ɠɢԟɚɬɞɚɧ ɬɚԕɥɢɞɥɚɪɞɚɧ ɤɟɥɢɛ ɱɢԕɦɚɝɚɧɥɢɝɢɧɢ ɤўɪɫɚɬɚɞɢ. Ⱥɤɫɢɧɱɚ, ԟɨɥɚɬɧɢ ɢɮɨɞɚɥɨɜɱɢ ɛɭ ɤɚɛɢ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɫўɡɥɚɪ, ўɡɛɟɤ ɬɢɥɢɞɚɝɢɞɟɤ, ɬɚԕɥɢɞ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚɫɢɝɚ ɷɝɚ ɛўɥɫɚ-ɞɚ, ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤ ɠɢԟɚɬɞɚɧ ɨɬ, ɮɟɴɥ ёɤɢ ɛɨɲ ɬɭɪɤɭɦɝɚ ɦɚɧɫɭɛ ɫўɡ ɫɢɮɚɬɢɞɚ ԕɚɪɚɥɢɲɢ ɦɭɦɤɢɧ. Ɏɢɤɪɢɦɢɡɧɢɧɝ ɢɫɛɨɬɢ ɫɢɮɚɬɢɞɚɝɢ ԕɭɣɢɞɚɝɢ ɦɚɬɧɞɚ ԕўɥɥɚɧɝɚɧ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɫўɡɝɚ ɷɴɬɢɛɨɪ ԕɚɪɚɬɚɦɢɡ:

The wind's way in the deep sky's hollow

None may measure, as none can say

How the heart in her shows the swallow

The wind's way.

Hope nor fear can avail to stay

Waves that whiten on wrecks that wallow. (Chiari Stephanie, “Ward Columbus”) (Ɍɚɪɠɢɦɚɫɢ:

Ɉɫɦɨɧ қɚɴɪɢɞɚɝɢ ɲɚɦɨɥ ɣўɥɢɧɢ ΢ɟɱ ɤɢɦ ɚɣɬɚ ɨɥɦɚɫ, ɤɢɦɫɚ ɛɢɥɦɚɣɞɢ. ɒɚɦɨɥ ɣўɥɢ ɨɥɢɛ ɛɨɪɚɪ ɚɫɥɢɞɚ

Ʉўɧɝɢɥ ɬɭɛɢɞɚɝɢ қɚɥɞɢɪғɨɱɱɚɝɚ. ɍɦɢɞ, қўɪқɭɜ ɨɱɚɪ Σɚɥɨɤɨɬɝɚ ɣўɥ, ɑўɤ ɬɭɲɝɚɧ ɤɟɦɚɥɚɪ ɹɥɩɚɣɝɚɧ ɟɪɝɚ,

Ɍўɥқɢɧɥɚɪ ɛўғɡɢɝɚ ɭɪɢɥɚɪ ɬɢɧɦɚɣ.)

To wallow (“ɹɥɩɚɣɦɨԕ”) ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɢɮɨɞɚɫɢ ўɡɛɟɤ ɬɢɥɢɞɚ ɧɚɪɫɚ ɜɚ ԟɨɞɢɫɚɥɚɪɝɚ, ԕɨɥɚɜɟɪɫɚ, ɤɟɧɝɥɢɤɥɚɪɝɚ ɧɢɫɛɚɬɚɧ ԕўɥɥɚɧɢɲɢɧɢ ɤɭɡɚɬɦɚɣɦɢɡ. ɍ ɢɧɫɨɧɝɚ ɧɢɫɛɚɬɚɧ ɫɚɥɛɢɣ ɛўёԕ ɛɢɥɚɧ ɢɲɥɚɬɢɥɚɞɢ ɜɚ ɫўɡ ɦɚɴɧɨɫɢ ɡɚɦɢɪɢɞɚ ԟɨɥɚɬɝɚ ɬɚԕɥɢɞ ɦɚɴɧɨɫɢ ɦɚɜɠɭɞ. Ⱥɦɦɨ ɢɧɝɥɢɡ ɬɢɥɢɞɚ ɨɬ ɜɚ ɮɟɴɥ ɦɚɴɧɨɫɢɝɚ ɷɝɚ ɛўɥɢɛ, ɭɲɛɭ ўɪɢɧɞɚ ɤɟɦɚɥɚɪɧɢɧɝ ԟɨɥɚɬɢɧɢ ɢɮɨɞɚɥɚɲ ɭɱɭɧ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɫўɡ ɫɢɮɚɬɢɞɚ ԕўɥɥɚɧɝɚɧ.

Ⱥɞɚɛɢёɬɥɚɪ: 1. Ԕўɧɝɭɪɨɜ Ɋ. Ўɡɛɟɤ ɬɢɥɢɞɚ ɬɚɫɜɢɪɢɣ ɫўɡɥɚɪ.—T: Ɏɚɧ, 1966 2. International Journal of Basic Sciences and Applied Research Vol, 3 (SP), 219-225, 2014//Available online athttp://www.isicenter.org.-P.221 3. www.wikipedia.org