ȾɂɋɌȺɇɐɂɈɇɇɈȿ ɈȻɍɑȿɇɂȿ ȼ ɒɄɈɅȿ ɀɚɞɶɤɨ ɇɚɬɚɥɶɹ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɧɚ

ȾɂɋɌȺɇɐɂɈɇɇɈȿ ɈȻɍɑȿɇɂȿ ȼ ɒɄɈɅȿ

ɀɚɞɶɤɨ ɇɚɬɚɥɶɹ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɧɚ

ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɲɤɨɥɵ, Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ɉɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ № 4 ɚɤɢɦɚɬɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɒɚɯɬɢɧɫɤɚ», Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ, ɝ. ɒɚɯɬɢɧɫɤ

DISTANCE LEARNING: FORM, TECHNOLOGY, TOOL

Natalya Nikolaevna Zhadko school principal, Municipal state institution "Comprehensive school No. 4 of Shakhtinsk city akimat," Kazakhstan, Shakhtinsk

ȺɇɇɈɌȺɐɂə

ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ –ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ –ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɞɚɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ. ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɪɟɲɚɟɦɵɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɪɫɨɜ. ABSTRACT

The article analyzesthe article is devoted to the current problem of modern education - distance learning. The main task of the article is to justify and argue distance learning as a new form of training. The article provides an analysis of the forms of training, presents the main directions of the development of distance learning, shows the differences between distance learning and traditional. Problems solved by students and teachers in distance learning are highlighted. It is shown that the effectiveness of distance learning is determined by the use of pedagogical technologies that underlie the design and implementation of distance courses. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɮɨɪɦɚ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ.

Keywords: distance learning, form, technology, tool.

Ⱦɨ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɨɱɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɥɢɫɶ. ɇɨ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɫɜɨɸ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɫɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɟɧ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ: ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ –ɷɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ? ɑɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ, ɬɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ.

Ⱦɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɟɦɢ ɠɟ ɰɟɥɹɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɨɱɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɬɟɦ ɠɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ. ɇɨ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɮɨɪɦɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɧɵɦɢ. Ȼɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɭ ɜɫɹɤɨɝɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ, ɨɧɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ, ɟɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ (ɱɚɬɵ, ɮɨɪɭɦɵ, ɩɨɱɬɚ, ɜɢɞɟɨɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ).

Ʉ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ:  ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦ;  ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ;  ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ;  ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ;  ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ;  ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ. ɂɡ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɨɱɧɨɝɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɜ, ɜɢɞɟɨ- ɢ ɚɭɞɢɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ. Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɠɟ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɡɚɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨ, ɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɦ (ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɭ, ɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɵ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ online).

Ⱥ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹɦ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɡɚɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ:

 ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɫ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɬɟɥɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ;  ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɣ, ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɢ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɢɪɭɸɬ ɫ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɬɟɥɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ;

Ʉ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹɦ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ:  ɝɢɛɤɢɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɦ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɥɢɛɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɤ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ (online ɫɟɚɧɫɚɦ ɫ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ), ɥɢɛɨ ɤ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɦ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ;  ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɫ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɬɟɥɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ.

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɚɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɳɟ ɢ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤ, ɬɨɱɧɨ ɡɧɚɸɳɢɣ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɟɦɭ ɧɭɠɧɵ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɟɦɵɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɦɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ (ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɟ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɟɞɢɚ, ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɜɢɞɟɨ- ɢ ɚɭɞɢɨɡɚɩɢɫɢ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ).

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɡɚɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɥɹ ɲɤɨɥ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ.

Ʉɚɤ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ? ɑɟɦ ɨɧɨ ɭɩɪɨɫɬɢɬ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ? ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɲɤɨɥɭ ɭɠɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɚɪɭ ɥɟɬ? ɐɟɥɢɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ:  ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ;  ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ;  ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɵ, ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɢɡ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɥɢ ɜɧɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ;  ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɨɜ ɜ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɯ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹɯ, ɧɚɜɵɤɚɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ;  ɛɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɬɶ ɲɤɨɥɭ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤɨɝɨɬɨ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ;  ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ. ɉɨɞɜɨɞɹ ɢɬɨɝ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦɭ, ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ - ɨɱɟɧɶ ɭɞɨɛɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ. ɇɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɨ ɤɚɤɢɦ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɟɧ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ.

ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ:

1. Ƚɭɫɟɜ Ⱦ.Ⱥ. Ɂɚɦɟɬɤɢ ɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɟ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. 2. Ƚɨɡɦɚɧ Ʌ.ə., ɒɟɫɬɨɩɚɥ ȿ.Ȼ. Ⱦɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɨɝɟ XXI ɜɟɤɚ. –Ɋɨɫɬɨɜ ɧɚ Ⱦɨɧɭ: «Ɇɵɫɥɶ», 1999. –368 ɫ. 3. ɒɚɯɦɚɟɜ ɇ.Ɇ. Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ.-Ɇ.: «Ɂɧɚɧɢɟ», 2000. –276 ɫ. 4. ɉɨɥɚɬ ȿ.ɋ, Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜɚ Ɇ.ȼ., ɉɟɬɪɨɜ Ⱥ.ȿ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ /ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ȿ.ɋ.ɉɨɥɚɬ. —Ɇ., "Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ", 2006 5. Ɉɜɫɹɧɧɢɤɨɜ ȼ. ɂ. Ⱦɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ: ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢ ɨɩɵɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ɇ.:

Ɋɂɐ «Ⱥɥɶɮɚ»; ɆȽɈɉɍ ɢɦ. ɒɨɥɨɯɨɜɚ, 2001.