ɍɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ ɄȺɑȿɋɌȼɈɆ ɄȺɄ ɎȺɄɌɈɊ ɄɈɇɄɍɊȿɇɌɈɋɉɈɋɈȻɇɈɋɌɂ ɋɈȼɊȿɆȿɇɇɕɏ ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɁȾɊȺȼɈɈɏɊȺɇȿɇɂə ɇȺ ɉɊɂɆȿɊȿ ɊȺɃɈɇɇɈɃ ȻɈɅɖɇɂɐɕ (ɈȻɁɈɊ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɕ Ʉɭɪɚɦɟɬɨɜɚ Ƚɭɥɶɧɚɪɚ ɋɴɟɡɞɛɟɤɨɜɧɚ Ʉɭɡɢɟɜɚ Ƚɭɥɶɦɢɪɚ Ⱦɢɥɶɦɭɪɚɬɨɜɧɚ

ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇȺ ɂ ɎȺɊɆȺɄɈɅɈȽɂə

ɍɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ ɄȺɑȿɋɌȼɈɆ ɄȺɄ ɎȺɄɌɈɊ ɄɈɇɄɍɊȿɇɌɈɋɉɈɋɈȻɇɈɋɌɂ ɋɈȼɊȿɆȿɇɇɕɏ ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɁȾɊȺȼɈɈɏɊȺɇȿɇɂə

ɇȺ ɉɊɂɆȿɊȿ ɊȺɃɈɇɇɈɃ ȻɈɅɖɇɂɐɕ (ɈȻɁɈɊ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɕ)

Ʉɭɪɚɦɟɬɨɜɚ Ƚɭɥɶɧɚɪɚ ɋɴɟɡɞɛɟɤɨɜɧɚ

ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɧɬ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. Ⱥɥɶ-Ɏɚɪɚɛɢ, Ɏɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ ɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɩɢɞɟɦɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɛɢɨɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɚ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ, ɝ. Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ

Ʉɭɡɢɟɜɚ Ƚɭɥɶɦɢɪɚ Ⱦɢɥɶɦɭɪɚɬɨɜɧɚ

ɞɨɤɬɨɪ PhD, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. Ⱥɥɶ-Ɏɚɪɚɛɢ, Ɏɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ ɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɩɢɞɟɦɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɛɢɨɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɚ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ, ɝ. Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ

Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ «ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ, ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦɢ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɬ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ» [1]. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɳɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɸ ɢ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ.

Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ, ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɦ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɯ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ «ɨɛɴɟɦ-ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ» ɧɟ ɥɢɲɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɣ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ, ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɤɜɚɧɬɢɥɹɯ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɜɚɧɬɢɥɹɦɢ. Ⱦɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ, ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ, ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ [2].

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ «ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ» ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦ, ɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɥ Ⱦɨɧɚɛɟɞɢɚɧ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨɥɜɟɤɚ ɧɚɡɚɞ [3]. Ⱦɨɧɚɛɟɞɢɚɧ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɤ «ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɭɬɹɦɢ», ɱɬɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ «ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ» ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ [4]. ɏɨɬɹ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫ ɰɟɧɨɣ, ɭ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɰɟɜ ɫɚɦɚɹ ɞɨɪɨɝɚɹ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟɭɬɟɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ [5]. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɩɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ.

Ɂɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ - ɷɬɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɧɹɬɵ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. ɇɢ ɨɞɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɤɬɨɪ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɢɯɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ, ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ, ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ. Ɂɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ, ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɪɨɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɠɟɫɬɤɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɨɞɧɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɟɞɜɚ ɤɚɫɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ. Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɭɯɨɞɚ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɰɟɥɟɣ, ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɵ [6]. ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɩɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ (ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ, ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ), ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɸɬ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ.

Ɋɚɫɬɭɳɚɹ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɟɬɚɦɨɪɮɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɥɟɬ, ɜɤɥɸɱɢɜ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɝɪɚɧɢɱɚɳɟɟ ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɟɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɟɹɜɧɵɦ ɢ ɹɜɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ [7].

Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ [8]. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɚ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɚɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ [9]. Ɉɫɧɨɜɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ, ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ [10]. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɬɚɥ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɷɬɨɬ ɜɢɞ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫ-

ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɵ.

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ - ɷɬɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɢɥɢ, ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ɍɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɨɛɡɨɪɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɯ ɬɟɤɭɳɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɬ ɷɬɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ. Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɥɟɱɟɬ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɭɤɭ ɨ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. Ɋɚɫɬɭɳɟɟ ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɶ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɢɦɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ. ɋɮɟɪɚ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɡɚɫɥɭɝɢ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɢ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɫɭɳɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɚ. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɤɥɸɱɨɦ ɤ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ 21 ɜɟɤɟ.

ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ:

1. Mosadeghrad AM. Healthcare service quality: towards a broad definition. Int J Health Care Qual Assur. 2013;26(3):203-219. doi:10.1108/09526861311311409 2. Cooperberg MR, Birkmeyer JD, Litwin MS. Defining high quality health care. Urol Oncol. 2009;27(4):411-416. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2009.01.015 3. Donabedian A. Evaluating the quality of medical care. Milbank Mem Fund Q. 1966/07/01 ed. 1966;44: Suppl:166–206. 4. Busse R, Panteli D, Quentin W. An introduction to healthcare quality: defining and explaining its role in health systems. In: Busse R, Klazinga N, Panteli D, et al., editors. Improving healthcare quality in Europe: Characteristics, effectiveness and implementation of different strategies [Internet]. Copenhagen (Denmark): European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies; 2019. (Health Policy Series, No. 53.) 1. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549277/ 5. Woolf SH, Aron LY. The US health disadvantage relative to other high-income countries: findings from a National

Research Council/Institute of Medicine report. Jama. 2013/01/12 ed. 2013;309: 771–772. 10.1001/jama.2013.91 6. Braithwaite J. Changing how we think about healthcare improvement. BMJ. 2018;361:k2014. Published 2018 May 17. doi:10.1136/bmj.k2014 7. Alzoubi MM, Hayati KS, Rosliza AM, Ahmad AA, Al-Hamdan ZM. Total quality management in the health-care context: integrating the literature and directing future research. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2019;12:167-177.

Published 2019 Sep 23. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S197038 8. Emad A.Al-Shdaifat Implementation of total quality management in hospitalsJournal of Taibah University Medical

Sciences Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2015, Pages 461-466 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658361215000761 9. B. Al-omarThe extent to which TQM principles are implemented in Riyadh city hospitals: from the perspectives of nurses J Public Adm, 24 (2) (2002), pp. 307-352 10. Ungureanu Marius-Ionuţ, Mocean Floarea. What do patients take into account when they choose their dentist?

Implications for quality improvement. Patient Preference Adherence. 2015;9:1715–1720.