BookSpaceSpaceofWritingBookofWriting Catarina Naranjo
Table of Contents Introduction…………………………… 3 About the Author…………………… 4 Punctuation/Capitalization…… 6 Parts of Speech……………………… 12 Phrases and Clauses……………… 26 Sentences………………………………. 32 Paragraphs……………………………. 40 Essays……………………………………. 46
At the beginning, I decided to write a book about space and all its wonders. Over the course of writing this book, creativity sparked and I recalled watching some space or sci fi related content that I included. Doing so, this book was no longer going to be about pure space facts (in my opinion that would have been boring), but rather a collection of random sci-fi and tv show characters. As I was writing each sentence, in my head I planned out the layout of the book. In other words, I was imagining how I was going to add the pictures and the designs of each page to match with the sentences. I was so excited to get started on the visualsofthebook.Thereasonwhy I chose space for my topic was because there was just so much to write about. With a topic so big, I would not run out of sentences. I enjoyed the little kick of adding some of my favorite characters in order to make the topic more interesting. In addition, space is beautiful as it is, and that is what I wanted to focuson.
Introduction
I am a 16-year-old. I am the only daughter, sister, granddaughter, and niece on my mother's side. I am also a pet owner of not one but two cats and my only dog. I am a person who loves plants and does not enjoy boredom. I have loved watching interesting and action shows since I was younger. I can also sometimes be a very lazy person but I try my best to get the job done. I am an overthinker who worries too much. I also care too much which can sometimes be good or bad. Lastly, I am a student here at Bravo and surprisingly already a junior. I learned to write at a young age. I used to spend time at my grandma's house most of the time. My grandma would be the one to help me with my homework, even though she is not that fluent in English. She would help me write and taught me the basics. My dad taught me to write neater because he can not stand messy writing. I learnedto write at school of course like any other student. I would just write what came to mind. But what really improved my writing was reading books. I will admit that I despised reading. My dad would put me to read and I would messup some words and get frustrated. However, I got the hang of it and I started reading more often. I can not forget about my dearest friend the thesaurus
. About the Author
CapitalizationPunctuacion&
now?Uh….what
1. . Period Ends a sentence. Used for abbreviations. 2. , Comma Whatever is in front and behind the comma can switch places 3. – Em dash Used to replace a comma, replace parentheses, and guide a reader's attention to something. 4. - En dash Used to hyphenate two words that are connected but do not go together 5. : Colon Indicates that whatever comes after it is related to the word that just came before 6. ; Semicolon Connects multiple independent clauses 7. ? Question Mark Ends a question. An interrogative 8. ! Exclamation point Exclamatory. Enphazizies 9. ‘ Apostrophe Contraction and possession 10. “ ” Quotation Marks Words coming from someone 11.else… Ellipsis Something is left unsaid 12. [ ] Brackets Something that has been added 14. / Backslash Used for aWordsParenthetical13.decision()Parenthesesinformation.areunnecessary
The astronaut drifted into space.
Em Dash
Colon Petrichor: The pleasant, earthy smell after rain.
The stars all shined like spotlights, illuminating the sky.
Period
En Dash
The cold-like feeling was immense.
Brackets
What a lovely [hot] summer day it is.
Comma
Parentheses
How great it is (and crazy too) to have the ability to see stars through telescopes. Backslash
The astronaut looked outside his window — the moonlight shining through— and his mind was filled with inspiration.
The painter decided to paint her/him in his next celestial painting.
Semicolon This random book is about space; and a little bit of everything is also included. Question Mark Why is there so much unknown knowledge about space? Exclamation Mark There’s no way that comet flew by us? Apostrophe We can't possibly be able to live on saturn. Quotation Marks “Whatever happens, happens” Ellipsis The stranger was amazed by earth, perhaps because he was an alien...
Capitalization Rules 1. Capitalize the first word of a sentence 2. Capitalize names and other proper nouns 3. Do not capitalize after using colon 4. Capitalize the first word of a quote 5. Capitalize days, months, and holidays (not seasons) 6. Capitalize cities, countries, nationalities, and languages 7. Capitalize time periods and events 8. “I” is always capitalized
1. The poor planet could not sustain life anymore. 2. Megatron was furious with the autobots escape 4. “Saying is one thing, doing another.” Michel de 5.ThatMontaigne Friday was the grand attack. 6. Greek philosophy was included in astrology 7. The Renaissance shows a lot of great works from 8.astrologists. I would like to travel in the future to see our advances.
PartsSpeechof
Planet, cloud, alien, rocket
·
·
Abstract Nouns: name ideas, qualities, concepts, emotions, or attitudes. happiness, freedom, patience
·
Compound Nouns: consist of words used together to form a single noun. Milkyway, shooting star, laser beam, solar system
NOUNS
Proper Nouns: give the name or title of a particular person, place, thing, or idea (must be capitalized). Mercury, Galaxies, Pluto
·
·
Types of nouns: Common Nouns: name a class of people, places, things, or ideas.
Concrete Nouns: refer to material things, to people, or to places. Dirt, dark, stars, bang
· Indirect
Functions (How nouns are used): ·
what
· Direct
The space cowboy shot his laser at his deadly enemy.
Subject (comes before the verb)
The astronaut flew into open space. Object (comes after the verb and answers or whom)
PRONOUNS Pronouns take the place of nouns that have been established. Personal: Nominative (subjects) Objective (objects) I/we me/us you/you you/you He, she, it, one/they him, her, it, one/them Possessive My, mine our, ours Your, yours your, yours His, her, hers, its, one’s their, theirs Relative: Nominative Objective Possessive who whom Thatwhose that of that those/ this
The alien observed the stars from his little telescope. Object (answers to who or to whom)
Interrogative: who, which, what, whatever, whoever
Demonstrative: this, these that, those Indefinite: all, another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, few, many, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, somebody, someone, such.
Reflexive: (personal pronouns plus the suffix –self or –selves)
only:when
the action verb is directed toward the subject of the
Used
construction:
The astronaut wanted to see the stars himself without anyone interrupting. to intensify a point: The moon princess herself felt eager to visit Earth. “I myself want to see the wonders of this planet” she imagined.
VERBS Verbs show the time, action, and state of being of a subject. Tense: verbs indicate time via tenses simple past pastpast perfect past futurefuturepresentpresentpresentpresentsimpleprogressivepresentperfectprogressiveperfectprogressiveperfect
lexical
Types: There are at least eleven (11) types of verbs: auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) linking verbs (verbs that do not describe action, but connect the subject of a sentence to other parts of the sentence –usually the predicate) verbs (main verbs) dynamic verbs (indicate action) stative verbs (describe a condition) infinitive verbs (indicate tense) infinitive verbs (infinitives or participles) regular verbs (weak verbs) irregular verbs (strong verbs) transitive verbs (verbs followed by a direct object) intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take direct objects)
The Bebop landed on a deserted planet. The spaceship had to navigate the challenging asteroid belt.
NASA likes to build massive space robots.
Verbals: (VERB FORMS NOT USEDAS VERBS)
Infinitive: verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs
Active: The captain received an incoming alert on the monitor.
Gerund: word ending in “ing” used as a noun.
Voice: Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action. The English language has two voices:ACTIVE and PASSIVE.
Passive: The monitor brought an incoming alert to the captain.
Pluto was considered becoming a planet.
Participle: word ending in “ing” or “ed” used as an adjective
Beautiful- Beautifully rapid - rapidly Quiet- quietly Frequency, Degree, Place,Time ExampleTypes: (Create one example each related to your subject) Manner- Asteroids rapidly pass the planets.
· Types:Manner,
ADVERBS modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
Time- If two pieces of the same type of metal touch in space, they will permanently and immediately bond
The huge glowing sun is the center of the universe. A Japanese spaceship welcomed the American astronauts.
Adjectives modify, describe, limit, and identify nouns and pronouns. Demonstrative, Common, Proper Those shooting stars brightly spark in the night sky.
·
Frequency - The Earth roughly spins 1000 miles per hour.
Endings
Adverbs
ADJECTIVES
Conversions
The sun’s gravity causes the planets to orbit around it, otherwise the milky way would be a grand chaos.
Place- The footprints on the moon will continually be there for 100 million years
·
· Kinds:
Degree- In fact, space is completely silent.
Subordinate: after, though as, as if, as long as, as thought, because, before, if, in order that, provided that, since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while Relative pronouns: who (refers to people), which (refers to non living object or animals), that (may refer to animals or nonliving objects)
PREPOSITIONS
Coordinating (FANBOYS): for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Correlative: Either/or; neither/nor; not only/but also; both/and; whether/or; as/so
CONJUNCTIONS
Prepositions link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts of the sentence. Prepositions are NEVER followed by verbs. There are one-word prepositions and complex prepositions. These are some common one-word prepositions:aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except, except excluding for, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding, of, off, on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, without.
Chambug–Cheers,
Interjections are the final part of speech. Ahh, ahoy, aha, ahem, alas, arrggh, aw Blah, brrr, bingo, bravo, bam, bazinga, bleh, boo, boo-yah, bah congrats, catching, cripes, crud Damn, darn, darnit, dang, drat, duh, dear, Eureka, eek, eh, er, encore, eww Fie, fiddlesticks Gak, gee, gee whiz, geez, gadzooks, golly, good grief, goodness, goodness gracious, gosh, gesundheit Hey, hmm, hooray, huh, hello, ha, ha-ha, holy cow, hallelujah, holy smokes, humph, hurray, hot dog, huh? Ka-ching, O – oh, oh oh, oh dear, oh my, oh my God, oh well, ouch, ow, oww, oops, oy, ooh-la-la, P – Phooey, presto, please, pshaw, pow, phew, pooh – Rats, S – shoo, shh, shoop-shoop, T – Tut-tut, thanks, U – Uh-huh, uh-oh, ugh, um, umm – Viva, voila W – Whammo, wham, whew, whoa, wow, whoops, Y – Yay, yeah, yikes, yippee, yes, yuck, yum, yo, yahoo, yummy Z Zap
INTERJECTIONS
G –
A –
D –
B –
F –
E –
K –
R
V
–
H –
Milder Stronger Addition a norotheranothernexttooalsothenandandfurtherthen finally,first,equallyagainbesidesadditionallyinmoreoverfurthermorefurtheradditionimportantsecondlast Comparison just as ... so too a another...similar like incomparablesimilarlythesameway likewise Contrast andyetbut yet ratherbutthoughorotherwisestillanother converselynonethelessinsteadotherwisethoughatalternativelyinfornotwithstandingevenononneverthelessstillhowevertheotherhandthecontrarysoallthatcontrastthesametimethismaybe Transitions of Logic Chart
Time first,recentlyearliershortlylaterafterwardsoonnowthensecond, third tomorrowtodayafterbeforenext ininincurrentlyeventuallysubsequentlyatthereafterimmediatelyfinallyatpresentlyatmeanwhilelengthlastthattimethemeantimethepastthefuture Purpose to do this so that to this end with this object for this purpose for that inbecausereasonofthisorderto Place nextnearbybeyondherethereto at that onadjacentoppositepointtototheother side in the front in the back Result andso thenso inasthereuponthusconsequentlyaccordinglythereforehencearesultconsequence
Example that forinspecificallyisparticularonething for example for instance an instance of this this can be seen in Summary and Emphasis in IinitatInaturallyincidentallyinbyaftergenerallysumallthewaygeneralhopeleastseemsbriefsuppose in certainlyimportantlyinonforwithoutdefinitelyassuredlyIremarkablyanywayofclearlyindeedintoinasonshortthewholeIsaidotherwordsbesurefactcoursethinkdoubtallthatthewholeanyevent
PhrasesandClauses
Prepositional Phrase: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and functions as an adjective or an adverb. The space cowboys were all welcomed aboard the safety ship.
– groups of words that function as a part of speech.
All the planets aligned surprisingly in an instant.
Verb Phrase: A group of words consisting of verbs working together and that function as a verb. The scientist on the moon will be waiting for the captain's order.
Phrases
● Gerund Phrase verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun. Traveling through the universe, you may find a planet made of diamonds.
● Infinitive Phrase verb preceded by the word “to” (to read, to study, to write) that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. It was time to write down the mission for tomorrow.
Verbal Phrases: Agroup of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun.
Appositive Phrase: A group of words that include all the words that modify an appositive and function as an adjective - IT MUST BE SURROUNDED BYCOMMAS.
Noun Phrase:Agroup of words consisting of nouns or pronouns and their modifiers that function as a noun.
On Mars, the fourth planet from the sun, the sunset appears blue.
● Participial Phrase word ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed (past participle) that functions as an adjective.
NASA employees wanted to see the rocket launch and left the abandoned lab.
CLAUSES
Clauses – groups of words with BOTH a subject and a verb that function as parts of speech. There areTWO kinds: Independent and Dependent (called “Subordinate”)
Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive. The commander checked what he had for weapons.
INDEPENDENT– CAN stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern. I enjoy sitting on the roof to watch the stars.
Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause. Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word: This is the planet where we will begin a new station. Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns: Mars is the planet that will be close to the beginning of a new world.
Modifying verbs: ■ The Decepticons retreated from the battle because they were losing. (Purpose)
DEPENDENT(SUBORDINATE) – CANNOT stand alone as a complete sentence and MUST begin with a SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION
. There are seven (7) kinds:
Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause, introduced by a subordinate conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or concession.
Clauses:Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted.○When observing, the scientist never lifted his eyes off the beautiful star.
Modifying
Relative
stand…shallOne
Modifying
. ○
■
are
■adjectives:Thestars more beautifully brighter than man made light. adverbs: The earth contains more oxygen than any other planet. Clauses: Dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun The planet who is closest to the sun will be captive of the sun’s gravity.
Elliptical○
Essential Clauses: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence.○The fallen spaceship that was attacked by a herd of aliens crashed down. Nonessential Clauses: Clauses that are NOTnecessary to the meaning of the sentence. ○ All worlds, which include every planet and star in the universe, are precious. And fall…shallone
Sentences
Sentence Parts Subject – what/who the sentence is about Pluto patiently waited to be admitted back to being a planet. Predicate – what the subject does Pluto patiently waited to be admitted back to being a planet.
SENTENCES
Sentence – a set of words that contains a subject and a predicate and conveys a statement, command, question, or an exclamation.
The solar system is about 4.57 billion years old.
Imperative – a sentence that makes a command (ends with a period mark) Turn the light on now.
Exclamatory – a sentence that expresses great emotion, passion, excitement (ends with an exclamation mark)
Sentence Types
There are more stars in space than there are grains of sand!
Declarative – a sentence that makes a statement (ends with a period mark)
Interrogative – a sentence that asks a question (ends with a question mark) Who would not want to watch sci fi movies?
Being alone in space changes your life, no matter how long you are up there or how much entertainment you have.
Sentence Patterns
Simple Sentence:Asentence that is just one independent clause.
Earth is the only planet not named after a god.
Compound Sentence:Asentence with multiple independent clauses, but no dependent clauses - connected by FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) or a semicolon (;).
Complex-Compound Sentence:Asentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. When the martian thought of his survival plan, he had to include a source of water, but he had to be careful of how much water he used daily.
Loose Sentence:Asentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate construction (either a clause or phrase) with your main point at the beginning.
Periodic Sentence:Asentence in which the independent clause is given at the end of the sentence in order to create interest or generate suspense with the main point coming at the end. No matter how long you are in space, it is going to change your life.
When the Martian thought of his survival plan, he had to include a source of water.
Complex Sentence:Asentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
Megatron was neutral in the beginning, but then he turned evil.
Parallel Structure:Asentence using the same pattern of two or more verbs or ideas that match in tense or structure to show that they are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written - this sentence requires symmetry.
Greek mythology included astrology, stating that stars were memorials to heroes and beasts.
verbs or ideas that match in tense or structure to show that they are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written - this sentence requires symmetry.
Asyndeton:Asentence that leaves out conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose.
Balanced Sentence:Asentence where phrases or clauses at the beginning and the end parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length - this sentence requires symmetry.
Stars are typically characterized by brightness, size, and temperature. Polysyndeton:Asentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose.
In space there are stars, and planets, and black holes, and other great things.
Greek mythology included astrology, stating that stars were memorials to heroes and beasts.
Parallel Structure:Asentence using the same pattern of two or more
The Greeks studied astrology and we would not have gotten far without them.
Chiasmus:Asentence that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or clauses) in inverted (reversed) order - this sentence requires symmetry.
NASAsends new rockets into space, and the rockets back home.
word, words, or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention.
Many can agree that humans cannot know everything about space, because to know everything about space requires light years of information, and we are not capable of knowing everything about space with little technology.
For most people, stars can be a religious symbol, and for others it can be a guidance symbol, but overall stars can be a positive symbol.
Anaphora:Asentence that features the purposeful repetition of a
Epistrophe:Asentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words.
Trying to get out of a balck hole would not do any good. [RIGHT]
Galaxy being spiral identified as first celestial object. [WRONG]TheWhirlpool Galaxy was the first celestial object identified as being spiral shaped. [RIGHT]
Double Negative – combining two or more negative words in a sentence in a way that is supposed to produce a positive force
There are so many sci-fi movies and TV shows that are good to watch they have really good animation. [WRONG]
Misplaced/Dangling Modifiers – modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description; a misplaced modifier describes the wrong part of a sentence and a dangling modifier is missing the part it’s supposed to ThemodifyWhirlpool
Hottest planet. [WRONG] Hottest planet in the solar system is Venus [RIGHT]
Sentence Errors
There are so many sci-fi movies and TV shows that are good to watch BECAUSE they have really good animation. [RIGHT]
Comma Splice – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly using commas
Run-On/Rambling/Fused Sentence – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly without punctuation.
NativeAmericans and other indeginous people, used the stars, for astrology and based their beliefs off of the stars. [WRONG]
Fragment – incomplete sentence pieces that are not connected to or do not form an independent clause
Trying to get out of a black hole wouldn’t no good. [WRONG]
NativeAmericans and other indeginous people used the stars for astrology, basing their beliefs off of the stars. [RIGHT]
Paragraphs
Hook (Lead / Opening Statement) – can begin with the title Anecdotal (Brief story to set the mood and lead the reader into the topic)
Thesis Statements (the purpose of a piece of writing – usually one sentence in length, but can be longer depending on the purpose – must be something that is Assertionarguable)(claim- a subject + a “so what” about the subject)
Fact (empirically verifiable but often difficult to argue extensively about - better used as evidence to support a claim) It is through the pain of confronting and resolving problems that we learn Opinion (personal position on a topic)
Introductory Paragraphs (Introductions)
Ex. How can we teach ourselves to make life less difficult?
Paragraphs – a group of sentences that together convey a shared purpose structured around the same topic.
Ex. Life is difficult. This is a great truth, one of the greatest truths. It is a great truth because once we truly see this truth, we transcend it. Once we truly know that life is difficult- once we truly understand and accept it- then life is no longer difficult. Because once it is accepted, the fact that life is difficult no longer matters.
Query Based (Question that brings the reader to the topic - avoid second person POV “you”)
PARAGRAPHS
Most of us are not so wise. Fearing the pain involved, almost all of us, to a greater or lesser degree, attempt to avoid problems.
Discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve lifeś problems
Generalization (uses absolute or statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never, none, most, half – avoid using this type of thesis statement unless citing the source of the data)
It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually.
Belief (social, religious, or political in nature – an opinion held by many to be a fact, though it is not necessarily factual – often involves a judgement)
Document Based (cites a specific source, author, and position on a topic)
Benjamin Franklin, ¨Those things that hurt, instruct¨ Theory (a statement that can be tested and potentially proven - often answers a research question) Most of us are mentally ill to a greater or lesser degree, lacking complete mental health
Many will then attempt to avoid this pain and this problem in turn.
Presenting Evidence from Quotations (quotes should NEVER be used as individual sentences – quotes should be embedded within sentences)
In the succinctly elegant words of Carl Jung, ¨Neurosis is always a substitute for legitimate suffering.¨ Examining the ParaphrasingEvidence(rewording of a quote into other words of the same length without quotation marks, but still citing the source - useful for examining the quote and transitioning to your analysis of the quote)
Body Paragraphs (must have echoes of the thesis in each AND present evidence to support or expand on the thesis)
Clarification/Expansion ofThesis (could extend the thesis, preview the
Delaying gratification is a process of scheduling the pain and pleasure of life in such a way as to enhance the pleasure by meeting and experiencing the pain first and getting it over with. It is the only decent way to live.
evidence supporting the thesis, give the purpose of thesis, establish the importance or significance of examining the intricacies of the thesis – this could be several sentences long)
It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.
Topic Sentences (must specifically indicate the topic of the paragraph and focus on one subject and/or area of evidence or support – could start with a “Transition of Logic” that connects to the previous paragraph to give context)
The neurosis itself becomes the biggest problem ess
This discipline has been well described by the theologian Sam Keen in To a Dancing God: (quotes entire paragraph)
Concrete Examples (actual examples that do refer to a source –useful for enhancing your analysis of the quote)
And without healing, the human spirit begins to shrivel.
Abstract Examples (hypothetical, “what if” examples that do not refer to a source – AVOID USING THEMAS EVIDENCE – but useful for examining the quote)
Teach children the necessity for suffering
Self-discipline is a self-enlarging proc
Summarizing (condensing larger quotes or sections - useful for closing the examination of the quote/evidence and transitioning to your analysis of the quote)
Closing Sentences (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word – possibly an adverb –and should echo the thesis of the essay)
Final Sentence (closing statement that connects to the hook and finishes the essay (finish your argument) – the “Smoky the Bear”/”Drop the mic”/dot dot dot moment…)
There are many people I know who possess a vision of evolution yet seem to lack the will for it.
Consequences of Disregarding theThesis (establishing the potential consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – CREATING
Closing Paragraphs (Conclusions – should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay)
Statement(s) of Extension (extending the consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – could be one or more sentences)
They are unable to acknowledge that they are still children and face the painful fact that they must start at the beginning and go through the middle Reestablishing the Significance of theThesis (could be one or more sentences)
The basic techniques herein described, of practiced unceasingly and genuinely, are alone sufficient to enable the practitioner of discipline, or ¨disciple¨, to evolve to spiritually higher levels.
Discipline has been defined as a system of techniques of dealing constructively with the pain of problem-solving- instead of avoiding pain- in such a way that all of life's problems can be solved.
ACOUNTERARGUMENT– could be one or more sentences)
Essays
Essay that explains on how an action caused a certainDefinitioneffect or Description Process certain idea
Analytical/CriticalCauseCompare(How-to)andContrastandEffectEssaythatanalyses a
NarrativeInterpretiveEvaluativeEssaythatTells a story)
Personal Statement/Anecdote Research- Essay based on information from a certain topic (includes no Timedbias)
Document Based Question (DBQ)
Synthesis Strategies/Planning Tips/Steps – To first start an essay, a topic is needed.This concept, topic, or idea is the root to the essay. Next, a thesis is needed.This claim is what the essay will be either supporting or informing the readers about.This thesis will be explained in a sequence of paragraphs, each supported and elaborated with credible evidence that connects with the thesis.After the appropriate amounts of paragraphs are planned, a conclusion or ending paragraph must be planned out. Multiple drafts and editing can be done to better improve the essay. Pre-writing/Prompt Researching/EvaluatingAnalysis/OutliningofSources
Essays – An essay in simple terms is a group of paragraphs.These paragraphs are all connected in order to get a point across.Thus, essays always involve theses, evidence, and reasoning. Types Persuasive– (Argumentative)-Essay in which evidence is used to support writers' own point of view. Expository (Informative)
Work Cited Page – For MLAFormat, it is important to have the work cited page in alphabetical order. In addition, the citations must be in proper formation which is with a hangingMLAindent.FormatAPAFormat
SEEYOUSPACECOWBOY...
