THE RUNNING BOOKOF WRITING BY CHRISTIAN TRUJILLO
Table of Contents
It began with me walking into my period 5. I was coming in from lunch and dieing on the stairs. Our teacher then explained the project. In the later days, we went over different parts of punctuation, and then it became a more individualized project.
I choose this subject because I love to run. I love to race competitively because even though it is really painful I love to compete against my friends and different schools. I like to run anything from sprints to marathons. I also find it very interesting to know world records and different athletes in the sports of track and field. I thought that it would be fun to write about running and some of the best athletes in the whole world.
Introduction
About the Author
Hi my name is Christian Trujillo. I am currently a student here at Francisco Bravo Medical Magnet High School I am 16 years old and love to play sports. I’m actually on the varsity team for cross country and I'm also pretty good at Basketball. I live in Los Angeles where there is a lot of traffic everywhere that you go. Both of my parents are from Mexico so Spanish was actually my first language. I then learned English once I got into school and from my older sister who was already going to school. I am part of the class of 2023 and I plan to attend college for a possible engineering field. I learned to write when I was small. Probably when I was probably in pre school or at home with my parents. I was probably like 3 to 4 years old I learned to write by first learning the alphabet Then from there, I started learning words. After that those words started coming together to form sentences. Then they started to teach us about commas, quotation marks, question marks, and other things like that. I think that my writing has evolved in the way that I am more precise with my writing and that I know how to structure an essay better than before when an essay was like the scariest thing ever.
Dedication I want to dedicate this to anyone who wants to learn more about writing an for anyone who likes to run.
(can end a sentence, also used for abbreviations) Usian Bolt is fast. (the words or groups of words can be switched from the sides of the coma) During the olympics in 2012 Usian Bolt won gold in the 100m, 200m, and 4 x 100m relay.
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!
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. 8 9. 10. 11. 12 13. 14
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PunctuationandCapitalization .
(it draws/pushes emphasis on something, ex, the students know what is coming next a Test) This coming Friday the Bravo Cross Country team will have a time trial (used to hyphenate) Cross country is a very difficult sport. (something that comes next is being directly connected to whatever just launched it) Most track athletes have 2 choices when racing: sit and kick or lead from the gun. (it separates different independent clauses) Eluid Kipchoge won the men’s 2020 olympics marathon; Peres Jepchirchir won the women’s 2020 olympics marathon. (it ends an interrogative sentence) How fast do you think Usian Bolt can run a marathon? (it ends an exclamatory sentence) Karsten Warhom broke the 400m hurdles world record! ‘ (contractions, possession, quote mark) ” (quotation marks, indicates dialogue, comes from something else) Joshua Cheptegei said, “It all starts in the mind If you believe you can do this, then it’s possible.”. (ellipses, that something here is unsaid) Joshua Cheptegei got a world record in the 10k that will probably last for a long time or will it... (to insert something, used to manipulate quotes) I know what I can do, so I [...] doubt myself. Usian Bolt ( ) (parenthetical, useful but not necessary, addition to) Hicham El Guerrouj of Morocco is the mile world record holder(3:43.13 record time). slash, a choice, a selection) Does your son/daughter run every day? Identify the functions of each mark and create one (1) example sentence of the usage for each mark.
:
,
[ ]
…
/ (back
Punctuation
Mr.Russell yelled at the runners who were walking. DirectObject (comes after the verb and answers what or whom) Mr. Russell asked a student to lead the cross country tryouts. IndirectObject (answers to who or to whom) The officials gave a medal to a runner at the cross country competition.
·
ConcreteNouns:refertomaterialthings,topeople,ortoplaces.
· ProperNouns:givethenameortitleofaparticularperson,place,thing,or idea(mustbecapitalized). EX:
PRONOUNS
Pronouns take the place of nouns that have been established. Personal: Nominative (subjects) Objective (objects) I/we me/us you/you you/you He, she, it, one/they him, her, it, one/them Possessive My, mine our, ours Your, yours your, yours His, her, hers, its, one’s their, theirs Relative: Nominative Objective Possessive who whom whose That that of that those/ this
Functions(Hownounsareused):
Speech NOUNS Typesofnouns: () · CommonNouns:nameaclassofpeople,places,things,orideas. EX: shoes,
· CompoundNouns:consistofwordsusedtogethertoformasinglenoun. EX:
Subject (comes before the verb)
Parts of opponent, course, runner Mt Sac, Los Angeles, Boston, Olympics, Woodbridge cross country, road running, dual meet EX: Track, Speed, endurance, support, pace, winning
singlet, spikes AbstractNouns:nameideas,qualities,concepts,emotions,orattitudes. EX:
Interrogative: who,which,what,whatever,whoever Reflexive:(personalpronounsplusthesuffix selfor selves) Usedonly: whentheactionverbisdirectedtowardthesubjectoftheconstruction: Hepusheshimselfharderthanhisteammates Herananextramilehimself tointensifyapoint: Therunnerhimselftoldhisteammates Eventhoughitisgonnabehardwork,“Icanfinish1stplacebymyself”the runnerthought Demonstrative: this,these that,those Indefinite: all,another,anybody,anyone,anything,both,each,either,everybody,everyone,everything,everywhere,few,many, much,neither,nobody,none,noone,nothing,one,other,several,somebody,someone,such VERBS Verbsshowthetime,action,andstateofbeingofasubject Tense:verbsindicatetimeviatenses: simplepast past pastperfect pastprogressive simplepresent present presentperfect presentprogressive presentperfectprogressive future futureperfect Types:Thereareatleasteleven(11)typesofverbs: auxiliaryverbs(helpingverbs) linkingverbs(verbsthatdonotdescribeaction,butconnectthesubjectofasentencetootherpartsofthesentence usuallythepredicate) lexicalverbs(mainverbs) dynamicverbs(indicateaction) stativeverbs(describeacondition) finitiveverbs(indicatetense) nonfinitiveverbs(infinitivesorparticiples) regularverbs(weakverbs) irregularverbs(strongverbs) transitiveverbs(verbsfollowedbyadirectobject) intransitiveverbs(verbsthatdonottakedirectobjects) Voice:Voiceistheformoftheverbthatindicateshowitrelatesorinteractswiththeaction TheEnglishlanguagehastwo voices:ACTIVEandPASSIVE Active:Thexcrunnersgottheirmedalsatthefinishline.(xcrunnersarethesubject) Passive:Thefinishlinepeoplegavethemedalstothexcrunners (xcrunnersarethesubjectbuttreatedastheobject) Verbals:(VERBFORMSNOTUSEDASVERBS) Gerund: wordendingin“ing”usedasanoun Somerunnersenjoypacinginagroup.. Participle:wordendingin“ing”or“ed”usedasanadjective TherereallyisnorunningtrackatBravo · SRLArunnerscarefullyranpastthecrowdedcourse Infinitive:verbprecededbytheword“to”(togo,tojump)usedasnouns,adjectives,oradverbs EluidKipchogelikestorunmarathonsreallyfastatunder5minutepace.
ADJECTIVES Adjectivesmodify,describe,limit,andidentifynounsandpronouns · Kinds:Demonstrative,Common,Proper(Giveoneexampleofeachusingwordsrelatedtoyour subject) ADVERBS Adverbsmodifyverbs,adjectives,andotheradverbs · Endings() gracefully, forwards, counter clockwise · Conversions() conservativebecomesconservatively · Types: Manner,Frequency,Degree,Place,Time ExampleTypes:(Createoneexampleeachrelatedtoyoursubject) Manner Thecoachansweredtheathletesphonecallangrily () Time Crosscountryrunnerswillleaveforacrosscountrycompetitionimmediatelyafterlunchis over () Place Thecoachwaswillinglyhereearliertodayworkingwithrunners. () Degree UsianBolt’sexceptionallygoodrunningcareercannotbeover recognized. () Frequency EluidKipchogeisconsistentlyplacing1stinmarathoncompetitions. () CONJUNCTIONS Coordinating(FANBOYS):for,and,nor,but,or,yet,so Correlative:Either/or;neither/nor;notonly/butalso;both/and;whether/or;as/so Subordinate:after,thoughas,asif,aslongas,asthought,because,before,if,inorderthat, providedthat,since,so,sothat,that,though,till,unless,when,where,whereas,while Relativepronouns:who(referstopeople),which(referstononlivingobjectoranimals),that(may refertoanimalsornonlivingobjects) PREPOSITIONS Prepositionslinknouns,pronouns,andphrasestootherpartsofthesentence Prepositionsare NEVERfollowedbyverbs Thereareone wordprepositionsandcomplexprepositions Theseare somecommonone wordprepositions: aboard,about,above,accordingto,across,acrossfrom,after,against,along,alongside,alongside of,alongwith,amid,among,apartfrom,around,as,asfaras,asidefrom,at,awayfrom,backof, becauseof,before,behind,below,beneath,beside,between,beyond,but(except),by,bymeans of,concerning,despite,down,downfrom,except,exceptexcludingfor,for,from,fromamong, frombetween,fromunder,in,inadditionto,inbehalfof,including,infrontof,inplaceof,in regardto,inside,insideof,inspiteof,insteadof,into,like,near,nearto,notwithstanding,of,off, on,onaccountof,onbehalfof,onto,ontopof,opposite,out,outof,outside,outsideof,over, overto,owingto,past,priorto,to,toward,under,underneath,until,unto,up,upon,upto,versus, with,within,without
INTERJECTIONS Interjections are the final part of speech. A aha, ahem, ahh, ahoy, alas, arg, aw B bam, bingo, blah, boo, bravo, brrr C cheers, congratulations D dang, drat, darn, duh E eek, eh, encore, eureka F fiddlesticks G gadzooks, gee, gee whiz, golly, goodbye, goodness, good grief, gosh H ha ha, hallelujah, hello, hey, hmm, holy buckets, holy cow, holy smokes, hot dog, huh, humph, hurray O oh, oh dear, oh my, oh well, oops, ouch, ow P phew, phooey, pooh, pow R rats S shh, shoo T thanks, there, tut tut U uh-huh, uh-oh, ugh W wahoo, well, whoa, whoops, wow Y yeah, yes, yikes, yippee, yo, yuck
Transitions of Logic Chart
Verbal Phrases: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun.
Prepositional Phrase: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and functions as an adjective or an adverb. Ms. Marisol was warmly welcomed aboard the cruise ship.
We finished changing and all the runners knew it was time to warm up for the time trial.
Appositive Phrase: A group of words that include all the words that modify an appositive and function as an adjective IT MUST BE SURROUNDED BY COMMAS Cole Hocker, a new pro runner, has signed with nike.
Noun Phrase: A group of words consisting of nouns or pronouns and their modifiers that function as a noun.
Phrases/Clauses
Once the coach dismissed the runners they quickly left the exhausted stretching area.
Gerund Phrase verb ending in ing that functions as a noun.
The SRLA team knew that they would be working hard this weekend
Running up Ascot hills, the xc team finally saw Wilson High school.
Verb Phrase: A group of words consisting of verbs working together and that function as a verb.
Participial Phrase word ending in ing (present participle) or ed (past participle) that functions as an adjective.
Infinitive Phrase verb preceded by the word “to” (to read, to study, to write) that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.
Phrases groups of words that function as a part of speech.
All the runners seriously didn’t want to do a hill workout before race day.
Howhetrainedfirmlymadehimasfastasheis Kindlygivewhoeverrunsacheer. Thatthecoachwashappywhentherunnersfinishedandcheeredfortheirteammates Ms Russellwiselycheckedwhatsplitstherunnershitfortheraces OregonistheschoolwhereColeHockertriumphantlydidwell.(“where”isanintroductoryword) TherearethespikesthatIabsolutelyneeded Thepacethatyouwantedisclearlywithinyourgrasp Bravoisobviouslytheonewhogottheleastpoints TheregoesBravowhoseteamisusuallythefastest.Runningteacheshowtoworkhardforagoal thatyouwanttoreach Isthistheracethatyousovehementlywanttosignupto?Monroeistheschoolwhomtheysee challengingforaspotatstate Theraceresulttowhichyoureferhassadlybeenlost. Kipchogeisanathletewhoeasilyshrugsoffhatewithsmilesandresults. Theyunfortunatelyputtherightturnsignwhereafewcouldseeit Whenthegunfinallywentoff,everyoneblastedoffthestartline Wesluggishlylefttheparkbecauseweweretiredfromthehardworkout Therunnersranasiftheywerecompetitivelyrunningforcityfinals TheVirtualBostonMarathonfelttwiceasshortasmyfirstmarathon BravoJuniorsareasspeedyastheseniors UsianBoltracedfasterthanhiscompetitorsdid Therunnerwhofinishesfirstwillearn1pointforhisxcteam Whenrunning,therunnerkeenlykeepshiseyesonhisopponent'sposition ThecoursethatmostinterestsXCrunnersisclearlytheMt.Sacinvitational. UsianBolt’solympic100mtitle,whichlasted3olympicsinarow,hasbeenclaimedbyanother olympicsprinter CLAUSES Clauses groupsofwordswithBOTHasubjectandaverbthatfunctionaspartsofspeech Thereare TWOkinds:IndependentandDependent(called“Subordinate”) INDEPENDENT CANstandaloneasacompletesentence,knownasasimplesentencepattern. BravoMedicalMagnethasthebestsouthernleaguexcteam DEPENDENT(SUBORDINATE) CANNOTstandaloneasacompletesentence andMUSTbeginwithaSUBORDINATECONJUNCTION.Thereareseven(7)kinds: NounClause:Usedasthenouninasentenceandmayfunctionasasubject,apredicatenoun,adirect object,anobjectofapreposition,anindirectobject,oranappositive AdjectiveClause:Usedtomodifyanouninanindependentclause Someadjectiveclausesbeginwithan introductoryword: Someadjectiveclausesbeginwithrelativepronouns: AdverbClause:Usedtomodifyverbs,adjectives,andadverbsinanindependentclause,introducedbya subordinateconjunctionandusedtoindicatetime,place,cause,purpose,result,condition,and/or concession Modifyingverbs: Modifyingadjectives: Modifyingadverbs: RelativeClauses:Dependentclausethatbeginswitharelativepronoun. EllipticalClauses:Adverbclausesinwhichpartoftheclauseisomitted EssentialClauses:Clausesnecessarytothemeaningofthesentence. NonessentialClauses:ClausesthatareNOTnecessarytothemeaningofthesentence
SENTENCES Sentence asetofwordsthatcontainsasubjectandapredicateandconveysastatement, command,question,oranexclamation SentenceParts Subject what/whothesentenceisabout Thecrosscountryrunnersskippedtheir5thperiodforameet Predicate whatthesubjectdoes ThecrosscountryrunnersranallthewaytoAscothills. ` SentenceTypes Declarative asentencethatmakesastatement(endswithaperiodmark) Doingweekendlongrunshelpswithyourendurance. Imperative asentencethatmakesacommand(endswithaperiodmark) Jointrackandfieldnextsemester Interrogative asentencethatasksaquestion(endswithaquestionmark) Whywouldanyonenotwanttojointrackandfield? Exclamatory asentencethatexpressesgreatemotion,passion,excitement(endswithan exclamationmark) Crosscountryleaguefinalsarecomingup! SentencePatterns SimpleSentence:Asentencethatisjustoneindependentclause Mostrunningforschoolisallworkoutsgivenbyyourcoaches CompoundSentence:Asentencewithmultipleindependentclauses,butnodependent clauses connectedbyFANBOYS(coordinatingconjunctions)orasemicolon(;). Manyracesarealwaysdifficult,butIcanalwayscompletethem ComplexSentence:Asentencewithoneindependentclauseandatleastonedependent clause Whenyousetupaplan,runningcangetyoutoanewmilepersonalrecord. Sentences
Eliterunnersaccomplishwhatdoesn’tseempossibleandmakeitpossible
Polysyndeton:Asentencethatusesmultipleconjunctionsincloseproximitytoeachother betweenwords,phrases,orclausesforarhetoricalpurpose.
Eliterunnerstypicallyexhibitenduranceandspeedandgritand,ultimately,concentration
Complex CompoundSentence:Asentencewithmultipleindependentclausesandatleastone dependentclause Whetheryoufollowatrainplanornot,mostrunninggoalscanbeaccomplished,buttheycan takealotoftime LooseSentence:Asentencethatcontainsanindependentclauseplusasubordinate construction(eitheraclauseorphrase)withyourmainpointatthebeginning. Runningisgoingtochangeyourlife,nomatterwhatdistanceorcompetitivenessyou'relooking for. PeriodicSentence:Asentenceinwhichtheindependentclauseisgivenattheendofthe sentenceinordertocreateinterestorgeneratesuspensewiththemainpointcomingatthe end. Nomatterwhattrackeventyouchoose,runningwillmakeyoumorefit ParallelStructure:Asentenceusingthesamepatternoftwoormoreverbsorideasthatmatch intenseorstructuretoshowthattheyareofequalimportanceandtohelpthereader comprehendwhatisbeingwritten thissentencerequiressymmetry Bravorunnerstendtoworkhard,tostayafterschool,andtopushthroughwhereothersfail. BalancedSentence:Asentencewherephrasesorclausesatthebeginningandtheendparallel eachotherbyvirtueoftheirlikenessofstructure,meaning,orlength thissentencerequires symmetry. Runnersspendtheirdaystrainingforaraceandthentrainingforotherraceswhenfinished Chiasmus:Asentencethatincludesarepetitionofideas(words,phrases,orclauses)ininverted (reversed)order thissentencerequiressymmetry.
Anaphora:Asentencethatfeaturesthepurposefulrepetitionofaword,words,oraphraseat thebeginningofseveralsuccessiveclausesinordertoplaceemphasisanddrawattention. Forsomanyrunners,marathonscanbethebesttimeoftheirlives,whileforothersrunnersis themostpainfulpartoftheirlives,butmostwillagreethatmarathonscanfeellikethegreatest accomplishmentoftheirlives
Epistrophe:Asentencefeaturingseveralphrasesorclausesendingwiththesamewordor words. Sprinterssooftenspendtheirdaystrainingatatrack,theirnightsworkingonthetrack,their breaksthinkingaboutracesonthetrackthatsometimesitcanfeelliketheyliveonthetrack.
Asyndeton:Asentencethatleavesoutconjunctionsbetweenwords,phrases,orclausesfora rhetoricalpurpose. Eliterunnerstypicallyexhibitendurance,speed,grit,concentration
At the team race, the teammates gave an energy drink that was blue gatorade to the runner. [RIGHT]
Because the runners started slower, they had to run faster later in the race. [RIGHT]
Run On/Rambling/Fused Sentence a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly without punctuation.
At the team race, the teammates gave an energy drink to the runner that was blue gatorade. [WRONG]
Sentence Errors
The runners didn’t want to stop at the water stations they wanted to get a fast finish time. [WRONG]
The runners didn’t want to stop at the water stations BECAUSE they wanted to get a fast finish time. [RIGHT]
Because the runners started slower. [WRONG]
Fragment incomplete sentence pieces that are not connected to or do not form an independent clause
Comma Splice a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly using commas
The runners knew that it would not do them any good to run in crocs. [RIGHT]
The runner wanted to stop running during his race. His right cav was in pain; he needed to find a muscle spray station. [RIGHT]
Double Negative combining two or more negative words in a sentence in a way that is supposed to produce a positive force
Misplaced/Dangling Modifiers modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description; a misplaced modifier describes the wrong part of a sentence and a dangling modifier is missing the part it’s supposed to modify
The runner wanted to stop running during his race, his right cav was in pain, he needed to find a muscle spray station. [WRONG]
The runners knew that it wouldn’t do them no good to run in crocs. [WRONG]
PARAGRAPHS Paragraphs agroupofsentencesthattogetherconveyasharedpurposestructuredaroundthe sametopic IntroductoryParagraphs(Introductions) Hook(Lead/OpeningStatement) canbeginwiththetitle Anecdotal(Briefstorytosetthemoodandleadthereaderintothetopic) Ex DuringFreshmanyearIdidnotmakethevarsityteambutthenwhentheworldwentinto quarantinemanyrunnersstoppedrunningbutIkeptworkinghardandthefollowingyearIwasthe strongestrunnerontheteam. QueryBased(Questionthatbringsthereadertothetopic avoidsecondpersonPOV “you”) Ex Doestalentreallydetermineifsomeonebecomesworld class? ThesisStatements(thepurposeofapieceofwriting usuallyonesentenceinlength,butcanbe longerdependingonthepurpose mustbesomethingthatisarguable) Assertion(claim asubject+a“sowhat”aboutthesubject) Ex Talentisamythanddeliberatepracticecreatesworld classperformers Fact(empiricallyverifiablebutoftendifficulttoargueextensivelyabout betterusedas evidencetosupportaclaim) Ex Studiesshowedthattalentdidn’thavetodowithhowmuchamusicianachieved Opinion(personalpositiononatopic) Ex Anyonecanbecomeaworld classperformer Belief(social,religious,orpoliticalinnature anopinionheldbymanytobeafact, thoughitisnotnecessarilyfactual ofteninvolvesajudgement) Ex Acoachisneededtohelpyouimproveyourtraining Generalization(usesabsoluteorstatisticalpronouns:all,always,every,never, none,most,half avoidusingthistypeofthesisstatementunlesscitingthe sourceofthedata) Ex Everyonewhoputscountlesshoursofpracticeintoafieldwillbecomethebest DocumentBased(citesaspecificsource,author,andpositiononatopic) Ex.InTalentisOverrated,GeoffColvinarguesthatdeliberatepracticeinwhichyouwork onallofyourweaknessestobecomethebestatyourfieldiswhatcreatesworld classperformers. Theory(astatementthatcanbetestedandpotentiallyproven oftenanswersa researchquestion) Ex.Musicianswhoputmorehoursintopracticingtheirinstrumentsenduphavingmore musicalachievements. Clarification/ExpansionofThesis(couldextendthethesis,previewtheevidencesupportingthe thesis,givethepurposeofthesis,establishtheimportanceorsignificanceofexaminingthe intricaciesofthethesis thiscouldbeseveralsentenceslong) Ex.Over250children’sparentsweretorecordhowmanyhourstheypracticedtheir musicalinstruments Thekidswhopracticedthemostendedupgoingtoprofessionalmusic schoolswhileotherswhodidnotputasmuchtimeintopracticingdidnot (previewofevidence) Ex Theauthorsgiveallofthisevidencetoshowthatanyonehaspotentialtobeworld class.(purposeofthesis) Ex Takingallofthisinformationcanhelpmakeyoubetteratwhateveryouaretryingto improveatorhelpsomeoneelsebecomethebestatanotherthing (establishingthe importanceorsignificanceofthesis)
Paragraphs
BodyParagraphs(musthaveechoesofthethesisineachANDpresentevidencetosupport orexpandonthethesis) TopicSentences(mustspecificallyindicatethetopicoftheparagraphandfocusonone subjectand/orareaofevidenceorsupport couldstartwitha“TransitionofLogic”that connectstothepreviousparagraphtogivecontext) Ex Additionally,multiplesourcesindicatethatdeliberatepracticeisthewayworld class performersaremade. (Noweverysentenceinthisparagraphmustberelatedtothe connectionbetweenfastfoodandhealth) PresentingEvidencefromQuotations(quotesshouldNEVERbeusedasindividual sentences quotesshouldbeembeddedwithinsentences) ORIGINALQUOTE ““In1992,asmallgroupofresearchersinEnglandwentlookingfor talent”(Colvin17). Ex Severalresearchersdidstudies,““In1992,asmallgroupofresearchersinEnglandwent lookingfortalent”(Colvin17) Ex ““In1992,asmallgroupofresearchersinEnglandwentlookingfortalent,”accordingto theauthor(Colvin17). Ex Unfortunatelyforpatrons,““In1992,asmallgroupofresearchersinEnglandwent lookingfortalent,”accordingtotheauthor(Colvin17) Ex Unfortunatelyforpatrons,““In1992,asmallgroupofresearchersinEnglandwent lookingfortalent”(Colvin17). Ex.Unfortunatelyforpatrons,“In1992,asmallgroupofresearchersinEngland[didnot]…. [go]lookingfortalent””(Schlosser73) ExaminingtheEvidence Paraphrasing(rewordingofaquoteintootherwordsofthesamelengthwithoutquotation marks,butstillcitingthesource usefulforexaminingthequoteandtransitioningtoyour analysisofthequote) ORIGINALQUOTE “In1992,asmallgroupofresearchersinEnglandwentlookingfor talent””(Colvin17). Ex.PARAPHRASE InEnglandasmallgroupofresearcherswentlookingfortalentin1992. (Schlosser73) Summarizing(condensinglargerquotesorsections usefulforclosingtheexaminationof the quote/evidenceandtransitioningtoyouranalysisofthequote) ORIGINALQUOTE “In1992,asmallgroupofresearchersinEnglandwentlookingfor talent””(Colvin17) Ex.SUMMARY Researcherswentlookingfortalent. AbstractExamples(hypothetical,“whatif”examplesthatdonotrefertoasource AVOID USINGTHEMASEVIDENCE butusefulforexaminingthequote) Ex Peoplemightbecomethebestiftheystartedimplementingdeliberatepracticeintotheir training
Ex. A study in 1992 researchers showed that talent has nothing to do with musical success and that deliberate practice was the ultimate factor in musical achievements.
Concrete Examples (actual examples that do refer to a source useful for enhancing your analysis of the quote)
Statement(s) of Extension (extending the consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis could be one or more sentences)
Consequences of Disregarding the Thesis (establishing the potential consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis CREATING A COUNTERARGUMENT
Ex Clearly, valid authorities on the subject of top performers show that countless hours and deliberate practice lead to world class performers.
Ex. If being a world class performer was easy, then everyone would be a world class performer.
Ex At the end of the day anyone can become a world class performer at anything as long as you follow a good plan, use deliberate practice to your advantage, and starting as early as possible will help a great deal too.
Ex. Thus, as the prevalence of academic research indicates, deliberate practice is what ultimately leads to world class performers
Final Sentence (closing statement that connects to the hook and finishes the essay (finish your argument) the “Smoky the Bear”/”Drop the mic”/dot dot dot moment…)
Ex. As such, following this advice and studies you will be able to become better at whatever you want to improve on Reestablishing the Significance of the Thesis (could be one or more sentences)
Closing Paragraphs (Conclusions should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay)
Closing Sentences (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word possibly an adverb and should echo the thesis of the essay)
could be one or more sentences)
Types Explain each type of essay and state its purpose
Persuasive (Argumentative)
Evaluating the many methods the author had used throughout their writing Narrative (Tells a story)
Essays
A persuasive essay used logic and reason to show that one idea is more credible than another idea. A persuasive essay is focused on convincing the reader to do someone or not not do something related to the subject of he essary.
Breaks down things into detail in order for the reader to understand the topic in the easiest way possible Definition or Description
A step by step explanation of a certain concept: The purpose is to explain how to make or break something and how it works. Compare and Contrast compares two different things in the essay. The purpose is to explain the similarities and differences between the two different things Cause and Effect
Expository (Informative)
ESSAYS
It is a type of essay that critiques/judges something according to a set of criteria Interpretive
A short story that is told in an essay format
An essay is a short piece of writing talking about a specific topics that is made out of multiple paragraphs.
Defines different things that are in the essay The purpose is to give the reader a more complete definition/description of a particular term, concept, etc.
Essays
Process (How to)
Explains the causes and effects of the subject in the essay The purpose is to make readers understand what had caused the change and how it affected people, places, etc Analytical/Critical Analyzes something from different critical angles. Evaluative
Document Based Question (DBQ)
An essay that requires you to use historical based documents to analyze an issue in the past. The purpose of this is to evaluate your ability to practice historical events.
An essay that gathers up information from different sources and are formed into one new idea
Research Answers a question through the act of researching Timed
Strategies/Planning Tips/Steps Explain how to plan and organize essays and how to analyze and break down prompts
A Structure must be made to make an outline of the essay, you would gather up all the ideas and first point out 3 main points that can support your thesis.
An essay that allows the audience to learn more about your background and life story.
Personal Statement/Anecdote
Pre writing/Prompt Analysis/Outlining
Example: Last Name, First name and First name Last name. "Title of Article." Title of Journal Volume Issue (Year Published): pages Database Name Web Day Month Year APA Format APA format (American Psychological Association) is typically used to cite sources within the social sciences.
Synthesis
Researching/Evaluating of Sources
An essay that has to be written in a certain amount of time (time limited) and it usually has to answer a question that comes with evidence.
MLA Format MLA format (Modern Language Association) is typically used for English Composition or other communication classes.
Work Cited Page Explain and give an example of how to set up a works cited entry in both MLA and APA formats there are subtle differences between each format, so be sure to identify them clearly.
Break down the topic/question to understand what the main idea is Go over documents or sources and check if the sources are credible. Then rank them from best to worst, you would then use the best evidence and explain and evaluate it.