Family Guy Bonanza by Bravo Grammar Con Online

Family Guy Bonanza!

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Grammar Book By: Gustavo Cervantes Period: 5

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Table of Contents 1. Section 1 –Parts of Speech: ……………………………………………………………………………(Pg.5-23) 2. Section 2-Phrases…………………………………………………………………………………………(Pg.23-24) 3. Section 3-Clauses………………………………………………………………………………………….(Pg.24-26) 4. Section 4- Sentences…………………………………………………………………………………..(Pg.26-31) 5. Section5- Paragraphs…………………………………………………………………………………..(Pg.31-33) 6. Section6- Essays…………………………………………………………………………………………(Pg.34-35) 7. Section7- Capitalization……………………………………………………………………………..(Pg. 36-37) 8. Section 8- Punctuation………………………………………………………………………………. (Pg. 38-39) 9. Section9- Commonly Confused Words………………………………………………………..(Pg. 39-41) 10. Quizzes & Answer Sheets…………………………………………………………………………….(Pg. 42-52) 11. Glossary…………………………………………………………………………………………………….(Pg. 53-54) 12. Work Cited……………………………………………...................…………………………………….(Pg.55) 13. Dedication…………………...………………………………………………………………………………..(Pg.56)

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Introduction: This grammar book was made to educate and teach those who need a little more help on grammar. This grammar book is inspired by the TV show Family Guy on FOX, so don’t be surprised by how much the sentences relate to them. I personally think grammar should be fun and not boring, and that’s why I chose a theme that I think is hilarious. I put a lot of time to basically make my own grammar manual and publish it, so here you go! I hope you enjoy!

About the Author: My name is Gustavo Cervantes and I am a junior at Bravo Medical Magnet High School. I am in Mr. Rodriguez’s English class, and I am quite the science nerd. I enjoy science very much, probably one of the reasons I joined the USC STAR club this year. I enjoy English and writing because it is a way to release and relax for me. Writing this book was different from my usual writings, but I seemed to cope. I love Family Guy and enjoy Chinese food. I can’t wait to be in college and reminisce back on the moments in high school.

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Grammar Book Section 1 Parts of Speech I.

Nouns A. Types of nouns: 1. Common nouns: coffee shop, firefighter, police officer, teacher, cup, pool, restaurant, gym, flight attendant, runner, theory, school. 2. Proper Nouns: Francisco Bravo Medical Magnet High School, El Sereno gym, firefighter Jack, Officer Gomez, Ms. Pérez, Slurpee cup, King taco, Pythagorean Theorem, Usain Bolt. 3. Compound Nouns: sidewalk, crosswalk, desktop, football, baseball, bedroom, restroom, breakfast, underworld, sunrise, sunset, and haircut. 4. Concrete Nouns: Spatula, MacBook, lead pencil, dog, cat, stove, oven, waiter, paper, apple, pick -up truck, microwave, bed, shower, pantry. 5. Abstract Nouns: persuasiveness, sassiness, valor, bravery, companionship, positivity, negativity, happiness, sadness, dedication, and confidence. B. Noun identifiers: 1. Noun endings: gratefulness, convention, prism, adventure, cist, aptitude, moment, disappearance, difference, pity, twister, theory, peer, and neighborhood. 2. Following a noun marker (NM): a, all, an, both, each, every, her, his, my, our, several, some, that, their, these, this, those, one, two, three, etc. Emboldened words are pronouns that function as noun markers only when they act as adjectives, i.e., Some boxes are square. (“Some” acts an adjective, so it’s a noun marker). Some are square. (“Square” acts as a noun so it’s not a noun marker.) N NM The house is on Spooner Street. NM N The huge four- bedroom house located on Spooner Street is being renovated. 3. Plural Form: N NM The students at James Woods High are dumb. N NM The many students at James Woods High are fairly not on the side and level of normal intelligence. ADJ

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4. Possessive Noun: NM S Many of Brian’s novels never seem to get published. NM S Many of Brian’s books never see the light of day because they never get published and then they become obsolete. ADJ 5. Following a preposition: Prepositional phrase The main character Peter Griffin clumsily trips while running down the street, and scrapes his knee. (Preposition) C. Functions (How nouns are used): Write two sentences for each function (one basic/one advanced). 1. Subject (comes before the verb) S V DO ADJ Mr. Mort assigned us an easy assignment. S V DO ADJ Mr. Mort instructs us to complete a simple assignment, within the time frame of the class. 2. Direct Object (comes after the verb and answer what or whom) S V DO Stewie threw a fit because Lois put his ray gun on the top shelf. S ADV V DO Stewie loudly threw a tantrum because he couldn’t receive his ray gun, due to his behavior at day care. 3. Indirect Object (answers to who or to whom) S S V DO IO Mayor West and the greased up deaf guy donated some clothes to Goodwill during the holidays. S S V ADJ DO Mayor West and the greased up deaf guy donated some vintage clothing to IO Goodwill charities during the holidays, through our church program. 4. Adverbial Object (comes after the verb and answers when) S V DO From now on Brian will sleep outside for peeing in Meg’s room. S APP V In the future, Brian will drift off into slumber outside, as punishment for urinating in DO Meg’s room.

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5. Object of the Preposition (follows a preposition)

S V P OPrep Quagmire went to the pilot rest room because he had just flown a sixteen- hour flight to China. S ADV V Prep OPrep Quagmire slowly strolled to the pilot rest room to rest, because he flew tirelessly for sixteen- hours to China. 6. Subject of Complement (following a linking verb) S V ADV SC Dr. Hartman is suddenly the chief doctor because his father Dr. Hartman Sr. retired. S V ADV SC Dr. Hartman is suddenly the chief doctor of the hospital mainly because he was quick to persuade his father, the CEO, into retirement. 7. Object Complement (follows a direct object and renames it) S V DO OC The police squad fired Joe Swanson as head detective because he hid evidence from them. S V DO OC The Quahog police squad fired Officer Joe Swanson as head detective because of his involvement in disrupting a trial and disregarding evidence. 8. Appositives (renames nouns, separated by a comma) S APP V ADJ DO Tricia Takanawa, Channel 5’s news reporter, did a great story on Peter’s country called Petoria. S APP ADV V Tricia Takanawa, Channel 5’s best news reporter, fantastically delivered a great news segment on Peter Griffin’s new country dubbed Petoria. DO 9. Adjectival (describes noun following it) S V DO N ADV Whenever Lois gives Meg money to buy clothes at the mall, she quickly spends it at the food court and eats her feelings away. ADJVL S V DO Whenever Lois hands Meg money to purchase new clothes for school, Meg spends all of it stuffing her lonely, sad, friendless, face with food from the food court. ADJ ADJ ADJ ADJVL 10. Noun in Direct Address N Did you finish cleaning my house, Consuela, or are you lying like last time? V V

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Have you finished cleaning and organizing my house for the Christmas party this week, Consuela, or are you to hoodwink me like last Christmas? N V 11. Object in the Gerund (noun that follows a gerund) G OG S DO Winning the fight against Peter boosted Ernie the Chicken’s self-esteem. G ADJ ADJ S ADV DO Winning the violent and rigorous against Peter tremendously gave Ernie the Chicken a self –esteem boost for miles. 12. Object of the Participle (noun that follows a participle) P OPart After the dirt bike contest, Peter and Mr. Pewterschmidht could not lift their arms up for nothing. ADJ P OPart After the six -hour dirt bike contests, Peter and Mr. Pewterschmidt could simply not lift their arms, let alone breathe easily. ADV 13. Object of the Infinitive (noun that follows an infinitive) S V DO _Inf_ Herbert always practiced the organ because he wanted to win Quahog’s citizen talent medal. OInf S V DO ADV _Inf_ Herbert practiced the organ endlessly on the daily because one day he wanted to dominate the competition, and win Quahog’s citizen talent medal for the first time ever. OInf

II. Pronouns Pronouns take the place of nouns that have been established. Explain each kind and use as many of each of the six types of pronouns in TWO SENTENCES PER TYPE, so just twelve total sections in this section. 1. Personal: Nominative (subjects)

Objective (objects)

I/We

me/us

You/you

He, she, it, one/they

you/you

him, her, it, one/them

Possessive My, mine our, ours

our; ours

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Your, yours Yours, your

your, yours

His, her, hers, its, one’s

their, theirs

Ex. We are going on a fishing trip Lois, we’ll be back before sundown don’t worry and have dinner ready before my fishy arrival. (Subjects)

Ex. Roberta if this isn’t our lawnmower, than it’s probably theirs. (Possessive)

2. Relative: All relative pronouns do not change the form with gender, person, or number. Only who changes form with case.

Nominative

Objective

Possessive

Who

Whom

Whose

That

of that

Those/this

Ex. Stewie has a time traveling machine that is difficult not to use considering it is the only one in the entire world. (Objective)

Ex. I am still not very clear on whose car was carelessly stolen at the Drunken Clam last night; it could be anyone’s car. (Possessive)

3. Interrogative: who, which, what, whatever, whoever

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Which piece of literature do you prefer Brian, Faster than the Speed of Love or Passing Fancy?

Neil Goldman who did you invite to your crazy party at the synagogue last night? 4. Reflexive: (personal pronouns plus the suffix –self or –selves) Used only: A. when the action verb is directed toward the subject of the construction: i: He grades himself more harshly than his students. She bought herself two books. B. to intensify a point: i: The coordinator himself delivered the speech. Even though it was hard work, “ I can finish the job myself” the student thought. Reflexive and intensive pronouns turn the action of the verb back to the subject of the sentence. Ex. Never use a reflexive/intensive pronoun in place of a personal pronoun. They are correctly used only in reflexive or intensive roles. Ex. Seamus wanted to slap himself after telling that cheesy pirate joke to the smoking hot babe at the bar. Ex. “I bought myself a new pair of eye glasses and a new corn pipe,” said Buzz Killington very softly. 5. Demonstrative: this, these

that, those

Ex. That is Brian Griffin’s book, Wish It, Want It, Do It., I heard it was horrible on so many different levels. Ex. Hi, I would like to quickly switch this evil money for that softer gentler monkey please. 6. Indefinite: all , another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, few, many, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, other, several, somebody, someone, and such. Ex. Everyone can show up to the Company picnic, but nobody can attend Peter’s 40th birthday party. Ex. Out of many beers in this brewery, some may be opened due to Peter and Opie’s drinking on the job problem. III.

Verbs

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Verbs show the time, action, and state of being of a subject. Explain each kind of verb. Give examples of each type of verb using words related to your subject. Not sentences just examples words. A. How verbs are identified: 1. Verb Ending: -s, -ed, -ing Baked, cooked, cooking, selling, making, creating, read, row, fastening, shook, cracked, and shattered. 2. Tense: (verbs indicate time via tenses) 1. killed 2. rioted 3.had been ran over 4. was murdered 5. speak 6. persecute 7. am working at brewery 8. farting 9. have been cooking and cleaning 10. will drink a lot 11. will have laughed 3. Forms: a. Forms of “to be”: am, are, is, was, were, be, been, being, (these verbs can be used as helping verbs or main verbs. When used as main verb, they are always linking verbs – true linking verbs = all forms of be, become, and seem).

b. Forms of “to do”: do, does, did, done, doing (These verbs can be used as helping verbs or main verbs).

4. Types: There are at least (11) eleven types of verbs: auxiliary verbs (helping verbs): can Peter and I?, could me and Meg go here?, may Stewie and I go hunting?, might Cleveland, must Mort come, ought to beat Quagmire up, shall, Lois have another piece, should Mayor West run again, will Brian write , would Rupert leave Stewie? Linking verbs (verbs that do not describe an action, but connect the subject of a sentence to other parts of the sentence- usually the predicate): be [am, is, are, was, were, has been, are being, might have been, etc.], become, Lexical verbs (main verbs): Peter died. Stewie saw Rupert. Meg had seen her ugly face. Dynamic Verbs (indicate action): Meg hit the ball really hard. , Stewie exploded the daycare with uranium…, Peter and the chicken always fight, Chris looks like he can use a run, Go Mort go

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Stative verbs (describe a condition): Peter loves Lois, Stewie prefers Jolly Farm, Brian wishes he wouldn’t die, Meg impresses Mayor West, please come in Jillian, surprise Kevin is alive Finitive verbs (indicate tense): Peter painted her face, Stewie killed the evil Germans, Brian saved Mort from capture, It was clear that the time travel machine was very dangerous Nonfinitive verbs (infinitives or participles): Dr. Hartman had a surgery to perform, The evil monkey had to take a break, Chris likes to become popular Regular verbs (weak verbs): It was Peter and his friend who founded the Clam, Joe Swanson could never hang something, Quagmire never learned how to read Irregular verbs(strong verbs): Tom Tucker awoke his inner beast, Jake Tucker was super weird, The Kool- Aid guy was bound to break something Transitive verbs (verbs followed by a direct object): Peter kicked Lois under the table, Stewie wants an answer from Brian, Mort wrote an angry letter to his wife, Muriel. Intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take direct objects): Peter went to the Clam for a drink, Mort sneezes with power, when it is allergy season., If he doesn’t share, Peter will eat all that food

5. Voice: Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action. The English language has two voices: Active and Passive

Passive Voice: The subject of the sentence is neither a do-er or a be-er, but is acted upon by some other agent or by something unnamed.

Active Voice: used in a clause whose subject expresses the agent of the main verb.

6. Verbals: (Verb Forms Not Used As Verbs)

a. Gerund: word ending in “ing” used as a noun.

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Ex. Winning the CIF baseball championship would quickly make Jake Tucker popular. Ex. Winning the CIF baseball championship will quickly make Jake Tucker popular, because our school hasn’t won in over fifteen grueling years. b. Participle: word ending in “ing” or “ed” used as an objective Ex. Not even Ollie Williams could chow down another slice of pie after the contest. Ex. Not even a single person including Ollie Williams could simply not take another bite after consuming multiple pies after the contest. c. Infinitive: Verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) Ex. Loretta likes to eat quietly. Ex. Loretta likes to eat quietly, because she was never such a talker in her childhood life.

IV. Adjectives Adjectives modify, describe, limit, and identify nouns and pronouns. Explain what kind of adjective is and answer the question below. http://www.esldesk.com/grammar/adjectives 1. Kinds: Demonstrative, Common, Proper. Those fuzzy pajamas that Peter is wearing are annoying and have got to go. (Those) Stewie is about to have his first big day at pre-school. (Big) Peter is always terrorizing Mr. Washee Washee, the Chinese tailor, because Peter swears he took his shirt. (Chinese) 2. Endings: What suffixes are adjective endings? -al, -ary, -ful, -ic, -like, -ly, -ous, -y, -ish, -less, -ical Accidental, complimentary, wonderful, lifelike, aesthetic, friendly, horrendous, messy, foolish, useless, unpractical 3. Conversions: How are other parts of speech converted into adjectives? Danger (n.) Foolishness (n. 4. Articles: What are these? How/ when are they used? There are three articles they are the, a, and an.

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When you use “the” you are referring to a specific noun in a sentence. Ex. The Quahog citizen jumped out the only glass window in that building. When you use “A/An” you are referring to an indefinite (non- specific) noun in a sentence. Ex. A random Quahog citizen grabbed and ate an apple off a tree, on their way home. You use “A” when the next word begins with a consonant. You use “An” when the next word begins with a vowel. 5. Comparatives/Superlatives: What are these? How/ when are they used? These types of adjectives are used when comparing two things. It usually begins in this order The comparative Adj. usually ends in –er, and the superlative ends in –est. Ex. Chris is usually the big kid at school, but it seems there is a bigger kid this year in his class. Ex. Meg has always had the title “The ugliest girl in town”, but can it be possible that an uglier girl can take her place? Ex. In a vote to humiliate the shallowest person in the city, Lois was chosen and branded the shallowest person in Quahog. http://www.esldesk.com/vocabulary/grammar http://www.english-grammar-revolution.com/what-is-an-adjective.html V. Adverbs Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. a. Endings: Foolishly, cowardly, horrendously, crazily, carelessly, funnily, amusingly, excitingly, toward, northward, wayward, awkward, unwise, and counterclockwise. b.

c. Types: Manner, Frequency, Degree, Place, Time d. Intensifiers: Ex. Meg was completely certain that she wanted to undergo plastic surgery to be prettier. Ex. Stewie and Brian were absolutely sure that they killed Bertram and restored the space time continuum. Ex. Hubert was readily handing out candy to all the young kids on Halloween night. e. Comparatives/Superlatives: Comparative adverbs involve the word “more” and Superlative adverbs involve the word “most”. They are identical to Comparative/ Superlative adjectives without the –ly endings. Ex. Mayor West can you talk more quietly, my baby is going to sleep.

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Ex. The most seriously I’ve ever heard Dr. Hartman scream, was when patient once punched him. Ex. Tricia can you talk more slowly; I can’t understand you with your thick accent. Example Types: Manner- Lois steadily held her sister newborn baby. (Simple) Despite Lois’s history of dropping babies and becoming extremely nervous around newborns, she was able to steadily hold the baby and sing lullabies to it. (Advanced) Time- Tom Tucker will leave the office early today after his report to catch his son’s game. (Simple) In order to avoid traffic and make it on time to arrive at his son’s game, Tom Tucker will leave the office early today. (Advanced) Place: Even though Brian said he was right in front of the school, he was knowingly nowhere in sight. (Simple) Even though Brian said he would quickly meet me right in front of the school after class, he seems to be nowhere in sight of the school front yard. (Advanced) Degree: Stewie is an extremely good student according to his teacher. (Simple) According to Stewie’s teacher, Stewie expresses certain attributes that recognize him as an extremely great student. (Advanced) Frequency: Mr. Pewtersmhidt always screams and berates Peter in front of his family. (Simple) Mr. Pewtersmhidt never fails and always berates Peter with such harsh words and vulgar language in front of his impressionable family. (Advanced) http://www.grammar.ccc.comment.edu/grammar/adverbs.htm http://www.www.esldesk.com/vocabulary/aderbs http://www.english-grammar-revolution.com/what-is-an-adverb.html

VI. Conjunctions

A. Coordinating: (FANBOYS): for, and, nor, but, yet, or, so Ex. Meg Griffin doesn’t nor do her siblings. Ex. Meg Griffin doesn’t promote smoking by smoking nor do her siblings promote unhealthy smoking.

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B. Correlative: Either/or; neither/nor; not only/ but also; both/ and; whether/ or; as/ so Ex. Not only does Dr. Hartman not have a doctor’s degree, but he also doesn’t have any common sense. Ex. Not only does Dr. Hartman blatantly not have a doctor’s degree in medicine, but he also doesn’t have simple common sense.

C. Subordinate: after, though as, as if, as long as, as thought, because, before, if, in order that, provided that, since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while. Ex. As long as Brian eats that dead bird before a week passes he won’t get sick. Ex. As long as Brian doesn’t consume the mutilated bird before a week passes, he won’t get sick to the stomach.

D. Relative Pronouns: who (refers to people), which (refers to nonliving object or animals), that (may refer to animals or nonliving objects) Ex. Who is the moron that crashed Brian’s car? Ex. Who is the moron who completely totaled Brian’s new Prius?

VII. Prepositions Prepositions link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts in the sentence. Prepositions are NEVER followed by verbs. These are some common prepositions: aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except, except excluding, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding, of , off, on , on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, without.

1. Due to Meg’s gross pimple between her eyes, a little down right above her brow, we had to take her to the doctors just so she could get according to her “surgery” on it. 2. Towards the end of Stewie’s Christmas play, I farted loudly and everyone near me started to gag and away from me, into the lobby.

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3. Lois couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t help herself any longer, so she ran towards the food, getting to it by any means necessary, just to stuff the food into her face with no regard for anyone else. VIII. Interjections The interjections are the final parts of speech. A

aah ack agreed ah aha ahem alas all right amen argh as if aw ay aye

gadzooks gah gangway g'day gee gee whiz geez gesundheit get lost get outta here go on good good golly good job gosh gracious great grr gulp

la la-di-dah lo look look here long time lordy

quite

ugh uh uh-oh um ur urgh

B bah blast boo hoo bother boy brr by golly bye C cheerio cheers chin up come on crikey curses

H ha ha-ha hah hallelujah harrumph haw hee here hey hmm ho hum hoo

M man meh mmm most certainly my my my my word N nah naw never no no can do nooo not no thanks no way nuts O oh oho oh-oh

R rah rats ready right right on roger roger that rumble S say see ya shame shh shoo shucks sigh sleep tight snap sorry sssh sup T ta ta-da ta ta take that tally ho tch

V very nice very well voila vroom W wah well well done well, well what whatever whee when whoa whoo whoopee whoops whoopsey whew why word wow wuzzup

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D dear me doggone drat duh E easy does it eek egads er exactly F fair enough fiddle-dee-dee fiddlesticks fie foo fooey

hooray hot dog how huh hum humbug hurray huzza I I say ick is it ixnay J jeez just kidding just a sec just wondering

oh no okay okey-dokey om oof ooh oopsey over oy oyez P peace pff pew phew pish posh psst ptui

thanks there there there time out toodles touche tsk tsk-tsk tut tut-tut

Y ya yea yeah yech yikes yippee yo yoo-hoo you bet you don't say you know yow yum yummy Z zap zounds zowie zzz

kapish 1. Meg do you understand why I had to kill Chris, huh, Kapish? 2. Peter I was just kidding about your mother dying, please forgive me yeah. 3. Cheerio Stewie I must be on my way if I want to catch the a.m train going who knows where. Key associated terms to know for Parts of Speech:

viii. Antecedents: An antecedent is an expression, word, phrase, clause, that gives it meaning to a proform pronoun, pro verb, adverb.

Ex. Meg turned in her homework the day it was due in class.

ix. Complements: Complements can be understood as a word, phrase or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a given expression.

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Ex. The Cleveland family are sore losers, because they can never lose a game without quickly saying something negative or whining.

x. Objects 1. Direct: A direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of a verb or shows the result of the action.

Ex. Herbert who wanted a new younger paper boy defiled and refused to retrieve his paper as boycott.

2. Indirect: An indirect object is a prepositional phrase in which the preposition to or for is not stated but understood.

Ex. Lois Griffin convinced the citizens of Quahog to follow and elect her as mayor to lead them to better improve their grand city of Quahog.

xi. Modifiers: Modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that provide description in sentences.

Ex. Before Loisâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; campaign for mayor, the citizens of Quahog have always been distorted and confused in how to properly run and manage a grand city like Quahog.

xii. Transitions

Transitions of Logic

Milder

Stronger

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Addition

a further x and and then then also too next another other nor

further furthermore moreover in addition additionally besides again equally important first, second finally, last

Comparison

just as ... so too a similar x another x like

similarly comparable in the same way likewise

Contrast

but yet and yet still otherwise or though but another rather

however still nevertheless on the other hand on the contrary even so notwithstanding for all that in contrast alternatively at the same time though this may be otherwise instead nonetheless conversely

Time

then now soon afterward

meanwhile at length presently at last

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later shortly earlier recently first, second, third next before after today tomorrow

finally immediately thereafter at that time subsequently eventually currently in the meantime in the past in the future

Purpose

to do this so that

to this end with this object for this purpose for that reason because of this x

Place

there here beyond nearby next to

at that point opposite to adjacent to on the other side in the front in the back

Result

so and so then

hence therefore accordingly consequently thus thereupon as a result in consequence

Example

that is specifically in particular

for example for instance an instance of this

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Summary and Emphasis

for one thing

this can be seen in

in sum generally after all by the way in general incidentally naturally I hope at least it seems in brief I suppose

in short on the whole as I said in other words to be sure in fact indeed clearly of course anyway remarkably I think assuredly definitely without doubt for all that on the whole in any event importantly certainly

Ex. Without a doubt, Meg should be able to find a job in this economy, I suppose with all her years of skill and work experience.

xiii. Expletives: are words or phrases that do not add any structural or grammatical meaning to the sentence. These words and phrases are often referred to as empty words, meaningless phrases, or redundant pairs because they do not add any information to the sentence.

Ex. It was Peterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; fart that shocked and angered the church congregation.

xiv. Agreements:

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1. Subject- verb: means the subject and verb must agree in number. Ex. Either Brian or Joe is going to pick you up from school Stewie. 2. Noun- pronoun: Pronouns must agree with antecedents for person, number, or gender. Ex. Quagmire invited Peter and his family to dinner to celebrate Glen’s new marriage with Sofia.

Grammar Book Section 2 Phrases 2. Phrasesa. Prepositional b. Appositive c. Verbal (3) i. Gerund ii. Participle iii. Infinitive Phrases are a group of words that function as a part of speech. A. Prepositional: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and is used as an adjective or an adverb. -

My dog Brian always runs under the table on Fourth of July.

My dog Brian always frightenedly runs under the table on Fourth of July, because he becomes rowdy due to the loud fireworks exploding outside. B. Appositive: A group of words that include all the words or the phrases that modify an appositive. -Mr. Hartman, the hospital’s main doctor, was fired because he performed the surgery incorrectly on Peter. -Mr. Hartman, main chief of medicine at Quahog Hospital, was terminated due to him lazily and carelessly performing a wrong surgery on Peter Griffin. C.

Verbal: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun.

Gerund- word ending in “ing” used as a noun.

Winning the CIF football championships would make Chris really popular in his school. Winning the CIF football championships would quickly make Chris popular, because our school hasn’t won the CIF’s since the 1960’s.

Participle- word ending in “ing” or “ed” used as adjective

Stewie and Brian could not lift their arms up above their head after they finished the weight-lifting contest at school.

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Stewie and Brian could not even quickly lift their arms above their heads after they vigorously competed in the weight-lifting contest the school held in the gym.

3. Infinitive- verb preceded by the word â&#x20AC;&#x153;toâ&#x20AC;? (to go, to jump) used as noun, adjectives, or adverbs -

Cleveland likes to read magazines regarding mustaches.

Cleveland likes to read mustache magazine, because he strongly adores mustache culture and style for he owns a grand mustache himself.

Grammar Book Section 3 Clauses http://www.english-grammar-revolution.com/english-phrases.html Grammar Book Section 3 Clauses 3. Clauses- Explain each kind of clause and give two (2) labeled examples of each. a. Independent b. Subordinate (7) i. Noun ii. Adjective iii. Adverb iv. Essential v. Nonessential vi. Relative vii. Elliptical http://www.yale.edu/graduateschool/writing/forms/Types%20of%20Clauses.pdf Clauses are groups of words with a subject and a verb. A. INDEPENDENT: CAN stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern. -

Meg Griffin makes me very angry.

Meg Griffin makes me very angry because she lies and stupidly steals stuff from my backpack when I can obviously see her.

B. SUBORDINATE (Dependent): CANNOT stand alone as a complete sentence and MUST begin with a SUBORDINATE CONJUCTION. 1. Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive.

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Lois quickly checked the fridge to see what she had to cook, because dinner was close. Lois quickly checked the fridge to see what she had to cook, because dinner was approaching and our stomachs were rumbling. 2. Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause. d. NOTE: The relative pronoun has two functions. It introduces the clause and it is used as a sentence –part within the clause. There is that girl Connie Domico who is super-hot, but she is way out of your league Neil. Connie Domico the girl who is super-hot and Neil’s crush, will always be exceedingly out of Neil’s league for many years to come.

3. Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs, in an independent clause, introduced by a subordinating conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or concession. Meg worked way harder than any other person in the hospital, that’s why she won. Meg worked way harder than any other person in the hospital, that’s why she was quickly recognized and awarded for greatness in her field of medicine. 4.

Relative Clause: Dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun.

Stewie ate the ice cream that was in freezer, because no one else ate it.

Stewie hastily consumed the ice cream that was in the freezer, because no one else seemed to claim it for many days as theirs.

Elliptical Clause: Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted.

When cleaning, Baabs uses to much bleach around the house and suffocates us.

When cleaning, Baabs harshly drenches the entire house in bleach which makes it hard to breath, thus causing us to suffocate in her world of bleach. 6.

Essential Clause: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence.

Peter who hates answering phones and filing quit his job this morning.

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Peter who absolutely hates answering phones and filing tons of paper loudly quit his job in front of the whole office.

7. Nonessential Clauses: Clauses that are NOT necessary to the meaning of the sentence. -

My House, which is on 31 Spooner St., needs a new air conditioner.

My house, which is on 31 Spooner St. and that 45is being taken back by the bank, needs a new air conditioner because of the nasty storm that destroyed it last week.

Grammar Book Section 4 Sentences 4. Sentences- a set of words that is complete in itself, typically containing a subject and predicate, conveying a statement, question, exclamation, or command, and consisting of a main clause and sometimes one or more subordinate clauses. a. Sentence Parts i.

Subject (3) 1. Complete Ex. Peterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s speeding car crashed into the light pole. Ex. Peterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s quickly accelerating car crashed into the thick light pole. 2. Simple Ex. Lois bought groceries. Ex. Lois carelessly splurged on groceries with her new check from work. 3. Compound Ex. Stewie screamed because he was scared of monsters, goblins, the dark, and Spongebob. Ex. Stewie frequently hollered because he was terrified of monsters, goblins the dark, and Spongebob.

ii.

Predicate (3)

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1. Complete Ex. Peter’s film of Steel Venus was nothing more of a complete disaster. Ex. Peter’s film of Steel Venus was easily nothing more of a complete film disaster, everyone who saw it died. 2. Simple Ex. Eric the chicken, who always fights Peter, moved to another town. Ex. Eric the chicken, who always stupidly fights Peter, moved out of Quahog leaving Peter with no one to fight. 3. Compound Ex. Chris’ friend who gave him the toads, was later arrested for selling illegal drugs. Ex. Chris’ friend, the one who gave him the toads and is a troublemaker, was later arrested publicly arrested for selling illegal drugs.

b. Sentence Types (4) i.

Declarative → Explains Ex. Meg come clean up your room because your cousins are coming.

ii.

Ex. Meg please quickly clean your disgusting room because your cousins are coming over today. Interrogative → Questions Ex. Cleveland why did you have to go and do a spin -off of our show?

iii.

Ex. Cleveland why did you have to go and do an eerily similar spin off of our show Family Guy? Imperative →Shouts/ Yells Ex. Dr. Hartman please stop!

iv.

Ex. Dr. Hartman please stop injecting me, you are hurting me with every needle! Exclamatory →Demands Ex. Peter Griffin come back here and clean up your mess! Ex. Peter Gilligan Griffin come back here now and quickly clean up your mess you made with your dirty friends!

c. Sentence Patterns (13) i. Simple. – A sentence consisting of only one clause, with a single subject and predicate. Ex. Lois never picked me up from daycare. Ex. Lois carelessly forgot to pick me up from daycare that is five minutes away.

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ii.

Complex. – A sentence containing a subordinate clause or clauses.

Ex. After the tornado hit our town Quahog, there was little left. Ex. Even though the tornado horribly destroyed our town Quahog, the whole city came together as one to reconstruct our fallen city. iii. Compound. – A sentence with more than one subject or predicate. Ex. I would have gotten the promotion, but Mr. Griffin said my attendance wasn’t good enough. Ex. I would have easily been awarded the promotion, but Mr. Griffin sadly told me my attendance didn’t meet the requirements.

iv. Complex/Compound. – A sentence having two or more coordinate independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

Ex. Although Meg and Chris invited me to a party, I do not want to go. Ex. Although Meg and Chris quickly invited me to a party, I do not want to go because I have homework and chores to do before tomorrow arrives. v.

Loose sentence. – A sentence in which an independent clause is followed by one or more coordinate or subordinate phrases and clauses. Ex. I went to the movies yesterday, bought candy, and shopped at the Quahog mini mall. Ex. I went to the movies late afternoon, bought a ton of candy to share with all my friends, and carelessly shopped till we dropped at the Quahog mini mall.

vi.

Periodic Sentence. – A sentence in which the main clause or its predicate is withheld until the end. Ex. Despite heavy winds and nearly impenetrable ground fog, Brian and Stewie’s plane landed safely. Ex. Despite torrential hurricane winds and bulletproof fog, Brian and Stewie’s plane landed without a problem in spite of these horrible El Nino weather conditions.

vii.

Balanced Sentence. – A sentence that employs parallel structure of approximating same length and importance. Ex. Mr. Pewtersmchidt researches cell membranes and cell walls.

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Ex. Mr. Pewtersmchidt researches cell membranes and cell walls, but only because he was hit rigorously with melanoma last fall. viii.

Parallel Structure. – A sentence using the same pattern of words to show that two or more words or ideas are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written. Ex. The teacher said Chris was a horrible student because he prolonged in turning in his homework, never studied for an exam, and waited till the end to start trying. Ex. The teacher openly expressed that he believed Chris was a horrible student because he knowingly prolonged in turning in his homework, never studied at all for an exam, and waited carelessly till the end to start trying in school.

ix.

Chiasmus. – A sentence that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or clauses) in inverted (reversed) order. Ex. Peter is damned if does, and damned if he doesn’t. Ex. Peter is damned if he does something good, and damned eternally if he doesn’t.

Asyndeton. – A sentence that leaves out conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. Ex. Meg wake up Stewie please, slap him, throw water upon him, shake him, awake him from his deep slumber. Ex. Meg please hastily do anything to wake up Stewie, slap him lots, throw icy water upon his body, shake him like thunder, awake him without remorse from his deep slumber.

xi.

Polysyndeton. – A sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. Ex. Let Quagmire have his money, his power, his pride, his lawn, his attitude, and lastly let him have his betrayal.

xii.

Ex. Let Quagmire foolishly have his dirty money, his power, his arrogant pride, his hideous attitude, and lastly let him have his lust for betrayal. Anaphora. – A sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words, or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention. Ex. Every day Joe Swanson is getter stronger, bigger, tougher, and bulkier: This is what happens when you strictly diet and exercise. Ex. Every day Joe Swanson is getting noticeably stronger, bigger, tougher, and overall bulkier: This is the result of strictly restricting your diet to nuts/berries and a rigorous workout regimen.

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xiii.

Epistrophe. – A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words. Ex. When Brain returned to his hometown, the tree he peed on was gone, the barn he grew up in was gone, the creek was gone, and the great willow tree was also gone. Ex. When Brian finally returned to his hometown last year, the tree he peed on was gone, the great red barn he grew up in was gone, the creek were he almost drowned in was gone, and the great willow tree that has been there for over 100 years was gone.

Sentence Errors (Incomplete/ Incorrect Types) i.

Run- On/ Rambling – To refrain from making a run on sentence use commas, but don’t abuse the comma. Use the commas to connect your clauses in a reasonable manner. Also you can use conjunctions to connect your sentences. Ex. When Peter went to the store yesterday he got the mixed peanut butter and jelly jar, but Lois wanted them in separate jars so Lois made Peter return the mixed jar, which in turn made Peter very angry at her, and they ended up fighting in front of the whole store, in the end they left with no peanut butter or jelly at all.

ii.

iii.

Fused. – You can fix fused sentences by using a period then a capital letter, comma and coordinating conjunction, semicolon, and subordinate conjunctions. Ex. After his 1st communion, Stewie vowed to stop all his plans for world domination while on the other hand he was still planning to turn all Quahog citizens into mind controlled zombies. Fragment. - You can fix fragments by adding the appropriate punctuations, or remove the period from the fragment and the main clause. Ex. In Quahog, during the Christmas Parade and the New Year’s celebration.

iv.

Misplaced Modifier.- To fix a misplaced modifier find the word that correctly correlates with the similar clause (rearrange). Ex. The Griffins were reported missing by the Swanson’s last week July 4. Correction: : Last week on the 4th of July, the Swanson’s reported the Griffin family missing.

Double Negative. - two negative words used in the same sentence. Using two negatives turns the thought or sentence into a positive one. Double negatives are not encouraged in English because they are poor grammar and they can be confusing; but, they are sometimes used in song lyrics and informal speech. Ex. Meg the hospital won’t allow no more visitors.

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vi.

Comma Splice. -Comma splices are similar to run-on sentences because they also incorrectly connect independent clauses. When two independent clauses are connected with only a comma. You can fix comma splices by making two separate complete sentences, proper comma placement, semicolons, subordinate conjunctions, and coordinating conjunctions. Ex. Stewie still rides his tricycle around the lawn his stuffed animal Rupert rides with him as well. Correction: Stewie still rides his tricycle around the lawn, and his stuffed animal Rupert rides with him, too.

Grammar Book Section 5 Paragraphs 5. Paragraphs-

1. Introductory Paragraphs (Introductions) a. Hook (lead) i. Anecdotal (Brief story set the mood and intro the topic)  When I was younger my parents used to treat me to an Olive Garden dinner, whenever I got good grades. I awaited every grading period for those A’s and B’s to roll in and for my stomach to fill up with food. Those grades slowly slipped away and my stomach seemed emptier. Now i don’t wait for those grades to roll in, I wish for them to roll away. It went from a simple reward, to a huge remorse for me to see my grades. I no longer see a dinner, I see shame and emptiness. What once brought me happiness, now brings me sorrow. ii. Query Based (Question that brings the reader to the topic) Ex. Why do we try in school? Is it for our parents or for us? b. Thesis Statements (the purpose of a piece of writing- usually one sentence in length- and something that is arguable) i. Assertion (claim) 1. Ex. Meg doing great in school is beneficial to your future. ii. Fact (empirically verifiable) 1. Meg did you know that the 80.8% of high school students graduate from High School in California. iii. Opinion (personal position on a topic) 1. Meg I think you are the brightest girl I know in your school. iv. Belief (social, religious, or political in nature- an opinion held by many to be a fact, though it is not necessarily) 1. Meg with Buddha everything is possible in life.

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v. Generalization (uses absolute or statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never, none, most, half avoid using this type of thesis statement.) 1. Meg High School will always be easy, never will you stress about High School. vi. Document Based (cites a specific source and its position on a topic) 1. Meg High School is nothing like High School Musical, we never get up and spontaneously start dancing and singing. vii. Theory (a statement that can be tested and potentially proven) 1. Meg your High School offers more opportunities than other High School around. 2. Body Paragraphs (must have echoes of the thesis in each and present evidence to support or expand on the thesis) a. Topic Sentences (must specifically indicate the topic of the paragraph and focus on one subject and area of evidence or support) i. School and school related topics raise student stress levels. (basically school is stressful) b. Evidence from Quotations (quotes should NEVER be used as individual sentences- quotes should be embedded within sentences) i. Our average life spans can soon shorten says the survey, “teens are at risk of a variety of physical and emotional ills and potentially shorter lifespans than their elders" (Jayson 4). ii. Stress affects our moods and makes us bitter, “As a result of stress, 40% of teens report feeling irritable or angry; 36% nervous or anxious” (Jayson 7). iii.Stress can distract us from our responsibilities and priorities just like the article states, “40% say they neglected responsibilities at home because of stress; 21% say they neglected work or school because of stress” (Jayson 7). iv. Finding ways to cope and relieve our stress is hard, “Stressors range from school to friends, work and family... teens aren't always using healthy methods to cope” (Jayson 2). v. With the rate we are going at, might as well diagnose everyone with depression , “A literature review of mental health among U.S. adolescents by the non-profit Child Trends released last year, for example, found that one in four high school students have shown mild symptoms of depression” (Jayson 12). vi. Paraphrase (rewording of a quote into other words of the same length without quotation marks, but still citing the source) 1. Original quote: "The patterns of stress we see in adults seem to be occurring as early as the adolescent years — stress-related behaviors such as lack of sleep, lack of exercise, poor eating habits in response to stress" (Jayson 6). 2. Paraphrase: Ex. “ The stress we see in adults, is starting to occur much earlier in adolescentssymptoms adults would feel in response to stress, so will the kids” (Jayson 6).

vii. Summary (condensing larger quotes or sections)

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1. Original Quote: "The patterns of stress we see in adults seem to be occurring as early as the adolescent years — stress-related behaviors such as lack of sleep, lack of exercise, poor eating habits in response to stress" (Jayson 6). 2.

Ex. Summary: Stress is appearing more frequently in younger ages.

viii. Abstract Examples (hypothetical, “what if” examples - AVOID) Ex. Students would have less stress, if teachers appropriately gave out hw and assignments. ix. Concrete Examples (actual, reference-able examples) Ex. The American Psychological Association surveyed 1,018 students online and found that 27% are extremely stressed on a scale of 1-10. (8-10 being very extreme). They found this past year has risen by a 14% difference since the last year. A significant stress level difference. c. Closing Sentences (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word- possibly an adverb- and should echo the thesis of the essay) i. Ex. Blatantly, school is very stressful on students, and the facts are aligned, it’s our job to find a solution to our problem. 3. Closing Paragraphs (Conclusions- should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay) a. Statement(s) of Extension (extending the thesis statement using consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis - could be one or more sentences) Ex. In comparison with adults, students aren’t that far behind in stress levels after all. b. Final Sentence (connects to the hook) Ex. Students stress themselves on good grades, maybe sometimes those grades ain’t worth that dinner you expected for a while. Maybe, you can go on empty for just a little more.

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Grammar Book Section 6 Essays 6. Essays a.

Types i. Persuasive (Argumentative) → In this type of essay style, you must convince the READER to take a certain stance, position, viewpoint, or belief. You would try to convince the reader by stating facts and using sound reason (logical points). You would include primary sources, statistics, and quotes by experts. In this essay style you would pertain to Logos consistently. ii. Expository (Informative) → The main goal of an informative expository essay is to solely educate the reader using straightforward facts and never using opinions. Research articles, “How to…” essays, and college course descriptions can all be examples of an informative expository essay. 1. Definition or Description → A definition expository essay explains a term or concept. A description essay paints a visual mental picture of a person, place, thing, or event (noun). 2. Process/ How - to → A process informative essay explains how something is completed, works, or done. (organization order/ directions). A How- to explains how to do or create something. 3. Compare and Contrast → A compare and contrast analyzes the similarities and differences to find any connections and make inferences. 4. Cause and Effect → Identifies the cause and effect of something. Say if there is a cause, it will explain the effects that cause will have on a situation/object. iii. Analytical/ Critical → An analytical/ critical essay can become bias and subjective because you include personal opinions or your own viewpoint of the text. You analyze and critique the text through your own perspective. 1. Evaluative → You “judge and critique” the overall quality of a service, business, product, or program. You do write some opinions, but overall the essay should not come off as opinionated. It should be logical and unbiased. 3 groups needed for this essay: fair criteria, judgements, and evidence. 2. Interpretive → An essay where you interpret the text’s message/meaning/purpose. First, you will introduce the author, title, and a summary of your text(s). Next, you will distinctly state your interpretation of the author’s message and texts. Finally, you give details/ quotations to support your interpretation. iv. Narrative (Tells a story) → A narrative essay is when you write a story based off personal experiences or encounters.

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1. Personal Anecdote → A short story/ “account” of a past situation or scenario you were in. Anecdotes can be used as a hook in your introductory paragraph to interest readers to keep on reading. v. Research → A research essay analyzes a perspective or argues a point, using other’s ideas and information to support and build your own case. 1. MLA Format → Style of writing approved by the Modern Language Association regarding the mechanics of writing, including punctuation, quotation, and documentation of sources. 2. APA Format → Style of writing approved by the American Psychological Association used for publications, papers, essays, and books. vi. Timed → A timed writing tests your intellect on a given prompt or question by having you write within a given amount of time. 1. Document Based Question (DBQ) → An essay or series of short -answer questions that is written by the student using background knowledge and is supported by several other provided sources. Most commonly found/used in history tests. 2. Prompt based → When a generalized topic idea, quote, or subject is given to act as a guideline for your writing. You will revolve your essay around what your prompt states. Your prompt can be a quote from someone or can be an article you have to write about. Your prompt can state whether to write if you agree/disagree with he/she, or it can also ask to analyze the text and discuss it. b. Strategies/Planning Tips/ Steps i. Pre-Writing/Prompt Analysis/Outlining → All steps to help you write and efficiently complete your essay. You can include layouts and determine how you would like to structure your paragraphs and include your evidences and supporting sentences. Can create bubble maps and outlines. Also, to start you can determine what type of essay you will be writing, what transitional words you will need, and how to hook your readers. ii. Research/ Evaluation of Sources → This strategy is where you search up on your topic so you have at least have background knowledge on your topic. This can be primary sources, secondary sources, or any articles pertaining to your topic. You will conclude if your sources are valid or invalid to use (credibility). c. Work Cited Page i. MLA Format → A format created by the Modern Language Association to cite outside sources you used in your writing. 1st cite ( In text cite) is in your writing and 2nd cite (Full text cite) and is in work cited page. ii. APA Format → A format created by the Modern Language Association to cite outside sources you used in your writing. The APA format is more commonly used when citing within the social sciences (scientific research papers).

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Grammar Book Section 7 Capitalization 7. Capitalization (25) Flags The Canadian Flag Armenian Flag Continents, Countries, Counties, Districts, Cities, Towns California Montana Courts Supreme Court of Canada United States Circuit Court Degrees Dr. Pace , M.D Edward Lord, PhD Eras and Historical Periods Paleolithic Era Medieval Ages Buildings, Streets, Parks, Statues, Monuments The Senate Supreme Court Geographic Terms Valley Desert Government Departments Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) National Security Association (NSA) Week Days Monday Sunday Government State Government Federal Government Government Executive Judiciary Bible Ten Commandments Old Testaments

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Military U.S Navy U.S.Marine Corps. Organizations Human Rights Campaign PETA Names Gustavo Cervantes Kuwana Sandoval Nation or Republic Republic Nation Organized Bodies Elks Shriners Poetry Let America be America again Let it be that great strong land of love Point Form  White gunmen are terrorist, not mentally disturbed. ISIS takes no religion. Titles- Personal Mayor Eric Garcetti Governor Jerry Brown 

Quotations “How are you feeling?” “Do you feel better than yesterday?” Sentence Many people like to shop on Black Friday. The Americans killed many Indians during the 1800’s, due to Manifest Destiny. Titles- Other Lincoln’s Gettysburg Speech U.S. Constitution State or Province/Provincial Virginia State California’s legislation Months July January

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Grammar Book Section 8 Punctuation 8. Punctuation 1. Brackets – each of a pair of marks [ ] used to enclose words or figures so as to separate them from the context. Ex. Meg didn’t seem like much the pretty girl in school, she always stood there *hideously+. Ex. Meg didn’t seem like much the pretty girl in school, she always stood as an outcast by the dumpsters [hideously]. 2. Parenthesis – a word, clause, or sentence inserted as an explanation or afterthought into a passage that is grammatically complete without it, in writing usually marked off by curved brackets, dashes, or commas. Ex. Stewie (stupidly) went back into time. Ex. Stewie (stupidly) went back into time, to save Brian from eternal damnation. 2. Period – a punctuation mark (.) used at the end of a sentence or an abbreviation. Ex. This grammar book is a lot of work. Ex. This grammar book requires tons of work and effort, for it to be complete. 4. Comma – a punctuation mark (,) indicating a pause between parts of a sentence. It is also used to separate items in a list and to mark the place of thousands in a large numeral. Ex. Peter has an eating issue, he needs to see a dietician. Ex. Peter has a dangerous eating issue, he needs to see a dietician immediately. 5. The en-dash – a short dash, the width of an en/n, used in punctuation. Ex. Peter’s mom lived from 1924-2004. Ex. Peter’s mom lived a full and happy life from April 1924- June 2004. 6. The em-dash – an em-dash is the width of an m. Use an em dash sparingly in formal writing. In informal writing, em dashes may replace commas, semicolons, colons, and parenthesis to indicate added emphasis, an interruption, or an abrupt change of thought. Ex. I enjoy watching TV with Brian- at home. Ex. I happily enjoy watching television with Brian- at home on Sundays.

7. Colon – a punctuation mark (:) indicating when a writer is introducing a quotation or a list of items and or the separation of two clauses. Ex. In order to be a mother Meg you must: be able to change a diaper, wake up at 4 in the morning, and make bottle on the spot. Ex. Chris if you want to be my assistant you need to: file papers, run for coffee, make decent coffee, and clean my office. 8. Semicolon – a punctuation mark (;) indicating a pause, typically between two main clauses, that is more pronounced than that indicate by a comma. Ex. Susie Swanson daycare can be hard; but make as much friends as you can.

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Ex. Susie Swanson daycare can be a tough new place; but make the most out of it and make new friends to play with. 9. Question Mark – punctuation mark (?) indicating a question. Ex. Quagmire have you seen my shoes? Ex. Dr. Hartman do you think this lump actually can be cancerous? 10. Exclamation Mark – punctuation mark (!) indicating an exclamation. 11. Apostrophe – punctuation mark (‘) used to indicate either possession or the omission of letters or numbers. Ex. Leave that alone, its Stewie’s Rupert. Ex. Brian’s car keys are on the counter, don’t drop them Peter! 12. Quotations – a group of words taken from a text or speech and repeated by someone other than the original author or speaker. Ex. “Stewie you are never allowed to drive my Prius again!” said Brian. Ex. “Peter your boss called, he wants you to go to work today.” said Lois. 13. Ellipse – the omission from speech or writing of a word or words that are superfluous or able to be understood from contextual clues. Ex. Maybe Peter will never know who his father is… Ex. The truth has always been inside Chris, he just had to let the light shine on through…

Grammar Book Section 9 Commonly Confused Words 9. Commonly Confused/Misused Word Choices: a. Who refers to the nominative case while whom refers to the objective case.  Who won the Quahog boy-scout race? b. Their (adjective) – of belonging to, made by, or done by them; There (noun)- that place or point; They’re – contraction of They and are  Their family makes the best apple pies in the town.  There is where I met your other,Lois, Stewie..  They’re drinking because it’s New Years and the crystal ball is about to descend. c. Lie is an intransitive verb meaning “to recline” Lay is a transitive verb meaning “to put” or “to place”  Peter I need you to lie down for a second, you keep moving around.  Kids I need to lay down some very important ground rules for the house. d. Laid is an intransitive verb meaning, “to recline”. Lain is an intransitive verb meaning, “to recline”.

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 

Lain back and think of what you just did young man! Peter’s boss is pretty laid back, so I think he can get the day off.

e. Affect (verb) – to have an effect on; influence; produce a change in; to stir the emotions; Effect (noun) – anything brought about by a cause or agent; result  Peter’s evaluation can have either a bad or good affect on his records.  If Digem’s statue is kept in town square, the effects will soon be felt in the taxpayer’s wallet. f. Accept (verb) – to receive; Except (conjunction) – apart from; otherwise than; were it not true  Meg did you get accepted into the college of your choice?  I’m the only alumni here, except Brian and his girlfriend, Jilian. g. Should have (contraction) meaning with the intent to do; Should of (colloquial) informal speech, but speaks of the same intent.  I should have payed for Stewie’s dance classes beforehand.  I should of cooked dinner knowing I was going to be this late today.

h. Loath is an adjective meaning unwilling or reluctant; loathe is a verb that means to dislike intensely.  

I loathe waiting for the food to be done on Thanksgiving. I loathe to do all the laundry, especially because I hate folding.

i. To imply is to hint at something; to infer is to make an educated guess.  Peter implied that he wanted a giraffe, because he robbed a zoo for one.  I inferred Jilian would one day leave Brian, just because Brian treated her like an idiot. j. Weary means tired, fatigued, physically or mentally exhausted from hard work; Wary means watchful, cautious, being on guard against danger.  Lois has grown weary to all of Peter’s shenanigans.  Lois have your started to wary over your fat husband’s health? k. Precede means to come before. Proceed means to go forwards, or to continue.  Joe, Quagmire, Peter, and Cleveland were scheming a plan to rob Mr. Pewtersmchidt.  Joe scanned the floor for lasers before proceeding to rob Mr. Pewtersmchidt. l. Discreet means on under the radar, careful, or go without notice but discrete means individual or detached  Meg be discreet and tell me all the gossip you heard at school.  Meg don’t discrete the information I sent you regarding my enrollment. m. Conscious means to be awake. Conscience or aware of right and wrong.  Eric the chicken checked to see if Peter was conscious after he hit him in the head with a pan.  Sometimes I think Herbert doesn’t have a logical conscience. n. May is used to ask or give permission informally. Can is used to determine ability.

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 

May I go to the bathroom? Can I go to the room?

o. Its (adjective) – of belonging to, made by, or done by it; It’s – contraction of It and is  Did you see that new car, its Loretta’s new Prius.  It’s great to see such activity in the youth center tonight. p. Desert (verb) to forsake or abandon; Dessert (noun) a sweet course served at the end of a meal or a dry and barren place.  Stewie deserted his plan for world domination at 6 months.  Truffle chocolate dessert always makes me gag, it’s so gross. q. Two as in you have two more days left. To as in going somewhere.  Me and Brian are going to the movies.  James Wood has two wives in two separate countries. r. Buy as in I am going to buy a new purse. Bye is in “bye I am leaving”.  Joe needs to buy a new wheelchair for the snow.  Joe finally said bye after I hinted for an hour that I wanted to leave. s. Allusion, Illusion: An Allusion is an indirect reference. An illusion is a misconception or false impression.  Being here for Stewie’s school is an allusion.  When we went to the circus, the clowns performed many classical illusions. t. Capital, Capitol: Capital refers to a city, capitol to a building where lawmakers meet. Capital also refers to wealth or resources.  When I was younger I never put capitals on my words.  The Dalai Lama met with Barack Obama on Capitol Hill.

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Quizzes and Answer Keys Grammar Book Section 1 Quiz Answer the following questions with a T for true or F for false 1. ___Research essays are to locate information 2. ___Critical essays are the same as analytical 3. ___Persuasive essays are to write about yourself 4. ___Narrative essays are based on someone else 5. ___Expository essays are all about evaluating evidence 6. ___Analytical essays are based on anaphor 7. ___Personal essays are based upon yourself 8. ___Comparison and contrast is needed for an expository essay 9. ___Argumentative essays are about knowing your facts 10. ___You will have to analyze another source in critical essays Answers: 1. T, 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. T

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Grammar Book Sections 2 Quiz 1. Which one of these falls under the nominative section of a relative pronoun? a. Who b. Those/this c. Whose d. Whom

2. An infinitive is a verb preceded by the word… a. To b. Go c. Do d. Try

3. When using a Gerund what type of word is being used as a noun? a. Word ending in “ing” b. Word ending in “ed” c. Word ending in “ly” d. Word ending in “er”

4. In a Participle how is the word being used? a. Noun b. Adverb c. Adjective d. Verb

5. What is the definition of an Appositive? ( Can be a one sentence answer; no longer than two)

Answer Key: 1) A 2) A 3) A 4) C

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Grammar Book Section 3 Quiz 1. What is the independent clause also known as? a. Complex sentence pattern b. Simple sentence pattern c. Compound subject sentence pattern d. Subordinate sentence pattern

2. How many clauses are there? Also, name all of them.

3. What MUST a subordinate clause begin with in order to stand as a sentence? a. Relative pronoun b. Reflexive pronoun c. Coordinating conjunction d. Subordinate conjunction

4. What are the two functions of the relative pronoun? a. Close the clause and be part of the clause b. Introduce the clause and be used as part of the sentence within the clause c. Stay out of the clause and sentence d. Be part of the clause, but doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t introduce the clause

5. Which clause has the case where part of the clause is not omitted? a. Relative clause b. Nonessential clause c. Adverb clause d. Elliptical clause

Answer Key:

1) B pg. 44and 2) 9; Independent, subordinate, noun, adjective, adverb, essential, nonessential, relative, elliptical. 3) D 4) B

Grammar Book Section 4 Quiz 1. What type of sentence does not belong? a. declarative b. imperative c. Exclamatory d. compound 2. Name 4 sentence mistakes. ______________________________________________

3. What type of sentence requires a period? 4. What is a simple sentence?

5. How many clauses do a simple sentence have?

Answer Key: 1. d. compound 2. fragment, run-off, comma splice, and double negative 3. declarative and exclamatory 4. A sentence that can stand on its own. 5. A simple sentence has 1 clause that can stand for itself.

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Grammar Book Section 5 Quiz Answer T for true, if answer is true. Answer F, for false if answer is false. 1. __ The Hook is supposed to close your essay and writings all together? 2. __ An anecdotal is a short story telling a story about you. Its purpose is supposed to intrigue the readers. 3. __ An opinion is a fact? 4. __ Are quotes vital to our support in our writings? 5. __ We re-phrase the thesis in the conclusion? 6. __ We donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t use theories when we write. 7. ___ Quotes are just incorporated as single sentences. 8. __ Our writing does not need outside quotes and references. 9. __ Conclusion should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay. 10.__ Does the final sentence connect to the hook?

Answer key: 1. F 2. 1 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. F 7. F 8. F 9. T

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Grammar Book Section 6 Quiz 1.

What is the MLA and APA format?

A grammar punctuation

formats for writing established by the Modern Language Association

work cited page

a prompt

2. Which essay type contains opinions? a.

Persuasive

Timed

Expository

Analytical/Critical

3. Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the difference between a Document Based Question (DBQ) and a prompt?

4. What are ways to organize and structure your essay before hand? a.

Outline

bubble map

brainstorming ideas

ALL OF THE ABOVE

5. What is a personal anecdote, and where can it be put into your essay?

6. If I wanted to explain how to do something by giving directions, which essay will I be writing?

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Persuasive

Expository

Narrative

Research

7. Where does the works cited page usually belong in an essay? a.

introductory paragraph

body paragraphs

last page of essay (end)

conclusion paragraph

8. What section do primary sources and secondary sources fall in? a.

research

timed

analytical/critical

ALL OF THE ABOVE

9. Describe cause and effect?

10. A narrative essay tells a story about who? a.

yourself

someone else

fictional character

Mr. Rodriguez

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Answer Key Quiz: 1.

3. A DBQ is an essay or a series of short answer question where the student uses their previous knowledge and given documents to write. While, a prompt can be a quote or a short story given as a guideline to shape the readerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s essay around what it is asking. 4.

5. A personal anecdote is a short story about yourself in a certain situation or place, and can be used as a hook to interest your readers. 6.

9. Cause and effect is where you analyze the effects of the cause in a situation. Say you have this Influence (cause) and you analyze the consequences (effects) it has in a situation. 10.

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Grammar Book Section 7 Quiz 1. How many rules for capitalization are there? 2. Are all nouns capitalized? 3. what is wrong in this Sentence? 4. Are days included in the capitalization rules as well? 5. Which rule allows for the Ten Commandments to be capitalized?

Answer key: 1. There are 25 rules for capitalization 2. Not all nouns are capitalized, some are. 3. The 1st word is not capitalized like normal, and the last word is capitalized. 4. Yes, days are included in the capitalization rules. 5. The Holy Bible rule keeps the Ten Commandments capitalized.

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Grammar Book Section 8 Quiz Directions: Explain what the following punctuation marks are used for. 1. ‘’.’’ : used at the end of a sentence or as an abbreviation 2. ‘’?’’ : indicates a question 3. ‘’-’’ : used in formal writing and used to replace commas, semicolons, colons, and parenthesis to indicate added emphasis, an interruption, or an abrupt change of thought 4. ‘’,’’ : used to separate items in a list 5. ‘’!’’ : add emphasis such as in feeling

6. Write a sentence using a comma, semi-colon, and an exclamation point.

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Grammar Book Section 9 Quiz Are the following phrases correct or not ? Mark them by writing true or false.

1.. Lie the paper down (false) 2. Precede with the plan (false) 3. Can you teach? (true) 4. Everyone is here accept the teacher. (false) 5. Be discrete (true)

Answer key: 1. Lie the paper down 2. Precede with the plan 8. Can you teach? 4. Everyone is here accept the teacher. 5. Be discrete

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Glossary Interjection: a. any member of a class of words expressing emotion, distinguished in most languages by their use in grammatical isolation, as Hey! Oh! Ouch! Ugh! b.any other word or expression so used, as Good grief! Indeed! Antecedent: a word, phrase, or clause, usually a substantive, that is replaced by a pronoun or other substitute later, or occasionally earlier, in the same or in another, usually subsequent, sentence. In Jane lost a glove and she can't find it, Jane is the antecedent of she and glove is the antecedent of it. Complements: a. a word or group of words that completes a grammatical construction in the predicate and that describes or is identified with the subject or object, as small in the house is small or president in They elected her president. Compare object complement, subject complement.

any word or group of words used to complete a grammatical construction, especially in the predicate, including adverbials, as on the table in He put it on the table, infinitives, as to go in They are ready to go, and sometimes objects, as ball in He caught the ball. b.

Noun Modifiers: OPINION / WORTH, NATURAL QUALITY, OF / BELONGS TO / FROM, INSTRUMENT / FUNCTION: In some cases, a noun modifier may express an opinion of the following noun. A noun modifier may also indicate material, origin or source of the following noun. A noun modifier may also express a possessive (temporary) relationship. A noun modifier often expresses a functional relationshipâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;an instrument for the noun. Appositive: When a noun or word is followed by another noun or phrase that renames or identifies it, this is called appositive. This is a literary device that appears before or after a noun or noun phrase. It is always used with commas. Gerund: A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. Fragment: a phrase or clause written as a sentence but lacking an element, as a subject or verb, that would enable it to function as an independent sentence in normative written English. Generalization: a result of this process; a general statement, idea, or principle. Anecdote: a short account of a particular incident or event, especially of an interesting or amusing nature.

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MLA Format: MLA style is the style recommended by the Modern Language Association for preparing scholarly manuscripts and student research papers. It concerns itself with the mechanics of writing, such as punctuation, quotation, and documentation of sources. MLA style has been widely used by schools, academic departments, and instructors for nearly half a century. MLA style provides writers with a system for cross-referencing their sources from their parenthetical references to their "works cited" page. This cross-referencing system allows readers to locate the publication information of source material. APA Format: APA style is a format for academic documents such as journal articles and books. It is codified in the style guide of the American Psychological Association (APA), titled the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. Semi-colon: the punctuation mark (;) used to indicate a major division in a sentence where a more distinct separation is felt between clauses or items on a list than is indicated by a comma, as between the two clauses of a compound sentence. Conjunction: any member of a small class of words distinguished in many languages by their function as connectors between words, phrases, clauses, or sentences, as and, because, but, however. Subject: one of two main constituents of a clause which the other constituent is the predicate. Usually the subject is a noun that comes in the beginning of a sentence.

Verb: word that usually states action or state of being in a given sentence.

Ellipsis: a series of marks, typically three periods in a row, used to indicate a pause in a speech, thought, put at the end of a sentence.

Hyphen: punctuation mark used to join words and also separate syllables which spaces should not be between the words or the hyphen except when using a suspended hyphen.

Predicate: one of two main parts of a sentence which modifies the subject. Preposition: words used to connect nouns, phrases, and pronouns in a given sentence. Linking Verb: word that connects the subject of the verb to other information about the subject and they do not express action. Hook: A short story or a few sentences that is supposed to pull and interest your readers into your writing. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s supposed to keep them reading and engaged in reading your work. Persuasive Essay: An essay that purpose is to convince a certain person to believe a specific side, position, viewpoint, etc.

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Work Cited <I>Dictionary.com</I>. Dictionary.com, n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2015. "Pronouns." Pronouns. N.P., n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2015. "Verb Tenses." Verb Tenses. N.P., n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2015. "Adjectives." Adjectives. N.P., n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2015. "Sentence Types: Learn All Four." Sentence Types: Learn All Four. N.P., n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2015. "Easy Bib: The Free Automatic Bibliography Composer." Easy Bib. N.P., n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2015. "Sentence Patterns." The Writing Center Sentence Patterns Comments. N.P., n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2015.

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Dedication I would like to dedicate this to my father. When he was alive, he always pressured me to do well in school. My high school years feel like I haven’t been fulfilling his wishes, but completing my Grammar Book makes me feel so accomplished and proud. It makes me feel like he’s proud of what I did. And to me that’s the best feeling ever. Even though I wanted to quit and not complete my book, I think to myself now and see that I dedicated myself to something and I actually followed through with it. I have something to show for my English class and my effort.

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