A Grammar Guide About Soccer by Bravo Grammar Con Online

A Grammar Guide About Soccer

Sergio Guerra 1

Table of Contents 1. Introduction, Page 3 2. Section 1 Parts of Speech,Page 4- 14 3. Quiz Section 1, Page 15 4. Section 2 Phrases, Page 16 5. Section 3 Clauses, Page 17 6. Section 3 & 4 Quizzes, Page 18 7. Section 4 Sentences, Page 19-23 8. Section 4 Quiz, Page 24 9. Section 5 Paragraphs, Page 25-26 10. Section 5 Quiz, Page 27 11. Section 6 Essays, Page 28-29 12. Section 6 Quiz, Page 30 13. Section 7 Capitalization, Page 31-32 14. Section 8 Punctuation,Page 33 15. Section 9 Commonly Confused Words, Page 34-35 16. Section 7,8, & 9 Quiz, Page 36 17. Glossary, Page 37 18. Back Cover Dedication, Page 38 19. About the Author, Page 39 20. Work Cited Page, Page 39 2

Introduction This book was made for the intention for people to understand the basics of writing. With this been said the next pages will try to explain and show the basics of writing in the proper way. It will expose many rules of grammar and it will be on the easiest way shown to the reader. To conclude this book was made for the reader to clarify or understand Basic Ideas of grammar. 3

GRAMMAR is the structure and system of a language that governs how it works. It depends heavily upon syntax, which is word order, and morphology, which is how word happen. GRAMMAR BOOK SECTION 1 PARTS OF SPEECH 1. Parts of Speech i. Nouns A. Type of Nouns 1. Common Nouns : Cleats, gloves, bats, and helmets. 2. Proper Nouns : Messi, Real Madrid, and NFL. 3. Compound Nouns : Ballpark, football, baseball, and swimsuit. 4. Concrete Nouns : Soccer balls, goalie gloves, and cleats. 5. Abstract Nouns : Mental Power, Self-discipline, and happiness. Noun Identifiers: 1. Noun Endings: -ness - tion -ism -tude -ment -ance -Ster -ory -eer Sportiveness Nation athleticism Magnitude Movement Dance Broadcaster theory Cheer -ist -ence -hood -ture -ity Adventurist intelligence brotherhood fixture activity 2. Following a noun marker (NM): NM N The ball is round. NM N The five ball is round shape. 3. Plural Form: For Example: athlete's or balls 4. Possessive Form: For Example: “athlete's ball” or “Athletes’ ball” 5. Following Proposition: The athlete happily celebrated a goal against his brothers team. C. Functions (How Nouns are Used) 1. Subject: S V PREP. B. Messi scored against many teams. S V N N A. Messi scored an unimaginably penalty in opposition to Real Sociedad. 2. Direct Object: S V DO B.The Football player changed his clothes. S V DO A.The quarterback from the cowboys changed his training clothes and put on some clothes. 4

3. Indirect Object: S V DO IO B. Messi passed the ball to his teammate. S V DO IO A. Messi gave an assist to iniesta to scored against Real Madrid. 4. Adverbial Object: S V AO B. The local team played in the evening to make it possible for people to come. S V AO A. Los Angeles Galaxy played at 7 P.M. so people were able to come and cheer for them. 5. Object of the Preposition: A OPrep B. A soccer player went to the storage room to bring a soccer ball. S OPrep V DO A. Iniesta went to the storage room to bring the new Champions League ball. 6.Subject Compliment: S LV B. My mom is extremely sad when i don’t score a goal. S LV A. Cristiano Ronaldo is the former Ballon d’or winner after a successful season with Real Madrid. 7. Object Complement: S V DO OC B. The team change their white clothes to grey, because those are the schools color. S V DO OC A. The Soccer Bravo team change their clothes to grey and maroon colors, because those are the school's colors. 8 Appositives : S APP B. Messi, the best player in the world, broke another record. S APP A. Messi, the current best soccer player in the world broke the record of scoring more than 280 goals in the spanish league. 9. Adjectival: S V ADJVL. B. The soccer players went happily to the soccer field. S V ADJVL. A. The Barcelona soccer squad went happily to the Camp Nou soccer field. 5

10. Noun in Direct Address: N B. Messi, what are your goals this season? N A. Messi, what are you planning to do this upcoming soccer season? 11. Object of the Gerund: G OG B. Winning the soccer season made the fans happy. G OG A. Winning the Champions League made the fans extremely happy. 12. Object of the Participle: Part Opart B.Before the soccer game, the coach gave a speech. Part Opart A. Before the soccer match, the coach gave an inspirational speech. 13. Object of the Infinitive: -InfOlnf B.Soccer fans wanted their local soccer team to win the championship. -InfOlnf A. Barcelona fans wanted their team to win the champions league. ii. Pronouns 1. Personal: S Adj. Adv. N a. If you were to be as good as him you would definitely be on the team. S P P b. You are mine and you are not theirs. 2. Relative: V S V P V a. Why should I leave and to whom would I go to. S Adj. N V V b. Who was your favorite team that made you feel happy. 3. Interrogative: S V P Adj. N a. Which way would you go to see whatever is interesting in sports. S V V Adj. b. Whoever who taught you how to play soccer was a professional. 4. Reflexive: S N Prep. N a. You should take care of yourself after that injury. S Pron. V N b. They could take care by themselves they are the ones who risking to play. 6

5. Demonstrative : S V N N a. Those who are tall and are good playing basketball are need in the team. S N V N b. Those type of players are needed on these teams. 6. Indefinite a. Everywhere where people play soccer they could be happy for a moment. b. Anyone with both soccer cleats and soccer shorts are nothing without a team to play in. iii. Verbs A. How Verbs are identified 1. Verb Ending : Passed, and Balls 2. Tense: 1. We played 6. We play 11. They will be playing 2. He played 7. We are playing 3. He was playing 8. Were Playing 4.We were playing 9. They are playing 5. I play soccer 10. They will play 3. Forms: a. “to be”: am, are, is, was, were, be, been, and being. b. “to do”: do, does, did, done, and doing. c. “to have”: have, had, has, and, having. 4. Types : a. Auxiliary Verbs: be, do, have, will b. Linking Verbs: is, appear, went, ... c. Lexical Verbs: Say, get, know, ... d. Dynamic Verbs: run, ride, throw, ... e. Stative Verbs: Have, seem, know, ... f. Finitive Verbs: I love parades. She loves parades. Pop loved parades. g. Nonfinitive Verbs: I hate camping. h. Regular Verbs: Add, Bake, Cheer, ... i. Irregular Verbs: Arise, Began, Choose, ... j. Transitive Verbs: I need an object. k. Intransitive Verbs: I do not need an object 7

5. Voice: Active and Passive . Active voice describes a sentence where the subject performs the action stated by the verb. In passive voice sentences, the subject is acted upon by the verb. 6. Verbals A participle is a verb form which functions as an adjective. a. Gerund: i. He drove two hundred miles without stopping. b. Participle: i. Messi felt challenged when he saw his rival win the Ballon d'or. c. Infinitive: i. Messi likes to dribble the ball in his spare time. iv. ADJECTIVES Adjectives modify, describe, limit, and identify nouns and pronouns. a. Demonstrative adjective : this, that, these, those are called demonstrative adjectives. They point out nouns. b. Common Adjectives : is just a simple, regular adjective. It describes a noun in a general way: sharp, flexible, hot, red, hidden, dripping, nice, huge. c. . Proper adjective: is derived from a proper noun and is capitalized. 1. Kinds: a. Demonstrative : Let’s play that game. Are those soccer ball adidas? Let’s get these t-shirts for our team. b. Common : The soccer balls are huge . The new school soccer shirt is burgundy . The stove was hot . c. Proper: The Spanish soccer team is the 2010 world-cup champions. In world war two the Japanese were bombed. The German soccer team beat Brazil in the last world-cup seven to one in favor of the Germans . 2. Endings : a. - AL: He suffer a brut al injury last game. b. - ARY: The other team deserves a compliment ary comments, because they won us right. c. - FUL: The soccer player is very skill ful when he has the ball at his feet. d. - IC: These skills are very bas ic for you. e. - ICAL: The match between those two teams is histor ical . f. - ISH: He does not pass the ball a lot; he is very self ish. g. - LESS: The team felt powerless as they started losing the game h. - LIKE: That athlete is so child like . i. - LY: Our soccer team is very friend ly . j. - OUS: Our last soccer we came out victori ous . k. - Y: Our opponent in this match play a little dirt y. 8

3. Conversions: a. athlete - athletic b. skill - skilful c. practice - Practical 4. Articles a. What are these? An article is a kind of adjective which is always used with and gives some information about a noun. b. How/when are they used? Use a before nouns (or adjectives) that start with a consonant sound. Use an before nouns (or adjectives) that start with a vowel sound. c. Examples: A: Please give the boy a baseball cap. An: That's an old soccer shirt. The: At the end of the movie the protagonist die. 5. Comparative/Superlatives: a. What are these? Superlative adjectives are used to describe an object which is at the upper or lower limit of a quality. Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects they modify. b. How/when are they used? Comparative adjectives a re used in sentences where two nouns are compared. Superlative adjectives are used in sentences where a subject is compared to a group of objects. c. Examples: Comparative : My ball is better than him. Superlative : My running time is the fastes t i’ve ever seen. v. ADVERBS Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. 1. Endings: a. - LY: Skillful ly b. - WARDS: Goal ward c. - WISE: Corner wise 2. Conversions: a. Skill -Skillfully b. Athletic - Athletically c. Basic - Basically 3. Types: a. Manner:answer the question How? b. Frequency: answer the question How often? c. Degree:answer the question How much? d. Place:answer the question Where? e. Time:answer the question When? 4. Intensifiers: a. As Emphasizers: I really like playing baseball. b. As Amplifiers: I absolutely hate football. c. as Downtoners: I almost lost the race. 5. Comparative/Superlative : A superlative adverb is used to compare three or more people, places, or things. Comparative adverbs modify. 9

i. Manner: S V Adv. N N a. Basic: We passed the ball slowly to trick our opponent. S V N b. Advanced: As we were playing our soccer game we tried to pass the ball Adv. N as quickly to get to the other goalpost. ii. Time:

S V N Adv. N Adv. a. Basic: We left home early to go to practice in the afternoon. S V N Adv. N N N N b. Advanced: We left home early to assist our baseball practice at noon.

iii. Place:

S V N Adv. N N a. Basic: We were at the field this morning during school hours. S V N N N Adv. b. Advanced: We were standing in the soccer field at seven in the morning. iiii. Degree: S V N V Adj. a. Basic: He plays very good without the need of cheating he is just good. S V N N Adv. b. Advanced: He played fantastically at soccer practice today whenever he V N shot the ball he scored.. iiiii. Frequency S Adv. V N N a. Basic: He rarely gets hurt, because he always stretches. S Adv. V N N N V b. Advanced: He rarely gets injured playing football, because he evades major N tackles. vi. CONJUNCTIONS 1. Coordinating: a. Basic: He is very skill and likes to play other sports. b. Advanced: He is very skilled at soccer and he also likes to play baseball. 2. Correlative: a. Basic: He likes to play ball, but also likes to box. b. Advanced: He gets very excited when he plays soccer, but also he enjoys boxing at nights. 10

3. Subordinate: a. Basic: As long as we play good we would win this game unless we get tired. b. Advanced: As long as we scored we would play good unless the team has no condition and gets tired. 4. Relative Pronouns: a. Basic: He is the player who I told you about. b. Advanced: He is the majestic soccer player who I talk to you about. vii. PREPOSITION 1. Beyond the school there is a soccer field between two buildings underneath those two buildings there was a graveyard. 2. Outside the sport store there was bicycles instead of cars despite the heat the bikers were enjoying their ride. 3. We had a match versus the best team in the league with the exception they were missing their star players. viii. INTERJECTIONS 1. Congrats! You finally won a football match. 2. Bah! We lost the the Finals vs Bravo soccer girls. 3. Whoa! You have such an amazing skill. Key associated terms to know for parts of Speech: viii. Antecedents :i s an expression (word, phrase, clause, etc.) that gives its meaning to a pro-form (pronoun, pro-verb, pro-adverb, etc.). 1. My friend played football in the courtyard. ix. Complement: it complement the phrase 1. My soccer uniform is a t-shirt of Club Deportivo Guadalajara. x. Objects: An object often follows the subject and verb in a sentence. By definition, an object is a noun or pronoun that gives meaning to the subject and the verb in a sentence. 1. Direct: Messi and I both play on the left side of the pitch. 2. Indirect : Sammy passed the ball to Enrique to score a goal. xi. Modifiers: A word, phrase, or clause that functions as an adjective or adverb to provide additional information about another word or word group (called the head). 1. The big ball fill with power hit me in the crouch. xii. Transition (include the chart)

Milder

Stronger

Addition

a further x and and then then also

further furthermore moreover in addition additionally 11

too next another other nor

besides again equally important first, second finally, last

Comparison

just as ... so too a similar x another x like

similarly comparable in the same way likewise

Contrast

but yet and yet still otherwise or though but another rather

however still nevertheless on the other hand on the contrary even so notwithstanding for all that in contrast alternatively at the same time though this may be otherwise instead nonetheless conversely

Time

then now soon afterward later shortly earlier recently first, second, third next before after today tomorrow

meanwhile at length presently at last finally immediately thereafter at that time subsequently eventually currently in the meantime in the past in the future

Purpose

to do this so that

to this end with this object for this purpose for that reason because of this x

Place

there here beyond nearby next to

at that point opposite to adjacent to on the other side in the front in the back

Result

so and so then

hence therefore accordingly consequently thus thereupon as a result in consequence

Example

that is specifically in particular for one thing

for example for instance an instance of this this can be seen in

Summary and Emphasis

in sum generally after all by the way in general incidentally naturally I hope at least it seems in brief I suppose

in short on the whole as I said in other words to be sure in fact indeed clearly of course anyway remarkably I think assuredly definitely without doubt for all that 13

on the whole in any event importantly certainly 1. Furthermore : there was more deflated soccer balls. xiii. Expletives: a construction that begins with the word here, there,and is followed by a form of the verb to be. 1. Here, play with the ball. xiv. Agreements :t h e correspondence of a verb with its subject in person and number, and of a pronoun with its antecedent in person, number, and gender. 1. Subject-Verb: Basketballs roll across the room. 2. Noun-Pronoun: Somebody has left their sport bag on the floor. 14

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Quiz Section 1 Give one examples of each related to sports: common, proper, compound,concrete, and abstract. List at least 2 Noun endings. Write Down Two Examples of Pronouns Write Down at Least Two Kinds of Adjectives What is the definition of Adverbs? Name at least three types of Adverbs Name some Interjections What are prepositions Name Two Transition words from the chart What are some common name endings of Adjectives?

Answer Key 1. Answers may vary. 2. Ness, Tion, ism, tude, ment, ance, ster, ory, err, ist, ence, hood, ture, and ity. 3. Personal, Relative, Interrogative, Reflexive, Demonstrative, and Indefinite. 4. Demonstrative, Common, and Proper. 5. Modify verbs, adjectives, and other verbs. 6. Manner,Frequency, Degree, Place, and Time. 7. Congrats! Whoa! Bah! Answers May Vary. 8. A word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word. 9. Answer May Vary Look at the Chart. 10. Common Name Endings Answers May Vary.AL, ARY, IC, ICAL, ISH, LESS, LIKE, LY, and OUS 15

GRAMMAR BOOK SECTION 2 PHRASES 1. Phrases: Phrases are groups of words that functions as a part of speech. a. Prepositional Basic: She threw the ball above the net. Advanced: Maleni kicked the ball between the two goals post. b. Appositives Basic: The coach, an experienced assistant coach, is a real good leader. Advanced: Maleni, an experienced assistant coach, is a very intelligent leader. c. Verbal i. Gerund Basic: She enjoys running in the night. Advanced: Maleni enjoys jogging past mid-night. ii.Participle Basic: They ran the lighting track. Advanced: Alexis Soto sprint the lighting track. iii. infinitive Basic: He likes to play in the mornings. Advanced: Bryan Sanchez likes to play soccer in the mornings. 16

GRAMMAR BOOK SECTION 3 CLAUSES Clauses - Are groups of words with a subject and a verb. a. Independent - can stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern. b. Subordinate - cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and must begin with a subordinate conjunction. 1. Noun Clause : used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositives. Basic: That the players was mad was totally not evident. Advance: The star player was angry was totally not evident. 2. Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause. Basic : This is the place where we lost the final. Advance: This is the soccer field where we lost the final championship. 3. Adverb Clause : Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause, introduced by a subordinating conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or concession. Basic: Number 10 plays better than player with the number 11. Advanced: Messi plays better than Neymar. 4. Relative Clauses: Dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun. Basic: The Player who scores first will earn the captain badge. Advanced: The player who scores an amazing goal will earn the prestigious badge of been captain. 5. Elliptical Clauses : Adverb clauses in which part of the clauses is omitted. Basic: When playing, the player likes to be dirty. Advanced: When playing soccer, Marco Fabian plays dirty on players. 6. Essential Clauses: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence. Basic: The sport that most interest my brother is certainly soccer. Advanced: The sport that most interest Arturo is soccer. 7. Nonessential Clauses: Clauses that are not necessary to the morning. Basic: He plays midfielder, since he was 5 years old, in the school soccer team. Advanced: Bryan Sanchez plays midfielder, since he was 5 years old, in the school soccer team.

Quiz Section 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

What's a phrase? Give some examples of phrases? What are the three types of Verbal Phrases? What is a Gerund sentence? What is a Participle sentence? What is a Infinitive sentence? What is an Prepositional Phrase? What is an Appositives Phrase? Give an example of Prepositional Phrases? Give an example of Appositives phrases?

Quiz Section 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Whats a Clauses? What's an Independent clause? What's a Subordinate clause? Whats a Noun Clause? What's an Adjective Clause? What's an Adverb Clause? what's an Relative Clauses? What's an Elliptical Clauses? What is an Essential Clauses? What is an Nonessential Clauses? 18

GRAMMAR BOOK SECTION 4 SENTENCES Sentence Parts 1. Subjects a. Complete S Pred. 1. The athlete ran to the finish line. S Pred. 2. Usain Bolt sprinted the last two miles to the finish lines. b. Simple S V ADJ 1. Kevin Durant g ave a kid a new basketball ball. S V ADJ 2. Kevin Durant g ave an orphaned kids the new Spalding basketball ball. c. Compound S S Pred. 1. Messi and Cristiano decided to donate money to the same fundraiser. S S Pred. 2. Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo decided to donate half of their salary to the same fundraiser of cancer. 2. Predicate a. Complete 1. The swimmer swam to the shore 2. Michael Phelps tirely swam to the shore b. Simple Simple Pred. 1. The ball bounced Simple Pred. 2. The Soccer ball gave three bounces. c. Compound S Compound Pred. Compound Pred. 1. The athlete t ried to score but failed . S Compound Pred. Compound Pred. 2. Sergio “Kun” Aguero t ried to score a hat trick but failed . 19

Sentences Types A. Declarative S V Next sunday there is a soccer match. S V 2. On October, 18 Chivas is playing vs Puebla. 1.

B. Interrogative S V 1. Which is the best team of the league? S V 2. Which is the best soccer team in the Liga MX? C. Imperative S V 1. Stop whatever you are doing and come and celebrate the championship we won. S V 2. Drop what you are doing and come and celebrate that Mexico is champions of the 2015 CONCACAF Men’s Olympic Qualifying Championship. D. Exclamatory S V Adj. 1. I hate the opposing team! S V Adj. 2. I despise Real Madrid fans, because they do not know anything about soccer. Sentence Patterns i. Simple: A Sentence that is just one independent clause. S V DO 1. The athletes must eat a healthy balance meal before a game. S V DO 2. The soccer players must eat a nutritious meal fill with protein before a soccer match. ii. Complex: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. S V DO V 1. Athlete's recommend children to exercise every day, because that way they will stop S DO child obesity. S V DO 2. Many athletic people are joining together to promote exercise to kids, because they V DO want to fight child obesity. 20

iii. Compound: A sentence with multiple independent clauses, but no dependent clauses. S V DO 1. The Bravo soccer coach makes his players drink water, but I do not see the whole point of it. S V DO 2. Mr. Andrews has make his soccer players hydrate after their practice, but I do not see the purpose of it. iv. Complex/Compound: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at at least one dependent clause. S V DO S V 1. The athlete's will donate money to a good cause, and they will give them food to the DO homeless, because they feel like giving back to the community. S V DO 2. The Manchester City soccer players will donate half of their salary to the Cancer S V DO Foundation, and also they will participate in giving food to the homeless in the city of Manchester, because they feel the need to give back to their supporting fans. v. Loose Sentence : A sentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate construction. S V DO V DO 1. The coach went to the mall, bought balls, and bought in the athletic sports. S V DO 2. Mr. Andrews travel to the magnificent mall, bought soccer balls, and bought in the Nike Store vi. Periodic Sentence: A Sentence where phrases or clauses parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length. 1. Even though it was cold, the game still continued. 2. In spite of heavy snow and cold temperatures, the soccer match still continued. vii. Balanced Sentence: A sentence where phrases or clauses parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length. S V DO S V DO 1. He said that he would meet you at the soccer field and that you should not be late. S V DO S 2. Mr. Andrews exclaimed that he would meet Alexis at Hazard Park and that Alexis should not be late. 21

viii. Parallel Structure: A sentence using the same pattern of words to show that two or more words or ideas are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is been written. S V S V 1. He was considered to be a good player, becauses he was always giving his 100%, he V was very motivated, and did not lack on experience. 2.Ronaldinho was considered to be a excellent player, becauses put his heart on the game, he was very powerful, and did not lack on experience. ix. Chiasmus: A sentence that includes a repetition of ideas. S V DO S V 1. You should play a sport to release your stress. Your stress could be cure by playing a DO sport. S V DO S 2. Bryan should join a athletic sport for you to release the stress accumulated. Bryan’s V DO stress could be cured by the cause of physical movement. x. Asyndeton: A sentence that leaves out conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. 1. The excitement, a big shout, a big wave of fans, the emotion was thick, warm, and heavy 2. The feeling of excitement, a tremendous shout, a immense wave of fans, the emotion deep, cozy, and ponderous. xi. Polysyndeton: A sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. 1. The local team has won 11 titles, but the neighboring team has won four, but our local team has more players call for the international team. 2. Manchester United has won eleven Barclays League titles, but Manchester City has won four, but more players from Manchester United get called for the England national team. xii. Anaphora: A sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words, or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to take place emphasis and draw attention. 1. I remember one year where by some bad coach our team relegated to the second division of professional soccer. 2. I recalled that on 2011 by a horrible coach River Plate relegated to the Argentinian second division of professional soccer. 22

xiii. Epistrophe: A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words 1. When everybody is quiet, he starts cheering for the team, when everybody is talking bad about the team, he starts defending the team. 2. When the whole crowd is silent, he starts motivating the team. when the crowd starts criticizing the team, he he defends it. Six Errors 1. Run-On/Rambling Sent. : Rachel is very skilled she began playing when she was eight. Fix Sent.: Rachel is very skilled; she began playing when she was eight. 2. Fused Sent. : Andrea hope to become pro, and while she was running under the rain. Fix Sent.: Andrea hope to become pro. While she was running under the rain 3. Fragment Sent. : When we got in the car. We rolled down the windows. Fix Sent.: When we got in the car, we rolled down the windows. 4. Misplaced Modifier Sent. : She served sandwiches to the children on paper plates. Fix Sent.: She served the children sandwiches on paper plates. 5. Double Negative Sent. : I don’t got no soccer balls. Fix Sent.: I don’t have no soccer balls. 6. Comma Splice Sent. : Megan scored four times last week, Sue kick two corner kicks. Fix Sent.: Megan scored four times last week; Sue kick two corner kicks. 23

QUIZ Section 4 Give an example of Simple Sentence

2. Give an example of Compound Sentence 3. Give an example of Complex Sentence 4. Give an example of Periodic Sentence 5. Give an example of Balance Sentence 6. Give an example of Parallel Structure 7. Give an example of Chiasmus 8. Give an example of Asyndeton 9. Give an example of Anaphora 10. Give an example of Epistrophe Answers Key All answers may vary, but must follow each format of the Pattern sentence asked. 24

GRAMMAR BOOK SECTION 5 PARAGRAPHS V. Paragraphs a. Introductory Paragraphs i. Hook/Lead 1. Anecdotal (Brief story to set the mood and intro the topic) A story from a simple midget boy of Buenos Aires, Argentina whose dream was to play with the ball at his feet. What he did not know then was that he will have the world under his power with such an amazings skills. This boy had to leave everything to travel to another country in the pursuit of the dream to play the beautiful game. Yes this boy is Lionel Andres Messi the boy whom went through a lot to achieve where he is at. 2. Query Based (Question that brings the reader to the topic) How did Lionel Andres Messi became the world's best soccer player? ii. Thesis Statement (6 Types) 1. Assertion (Claim) Messi had to to work hard to adapt to the new environment in Europe after leaving Argentina. 2. Fact (empirically verifiable) Working hard could take you anywhere in life. 3. Opinion (personal position on a topic) Messi is the worst soccer [football] player in the world. 4. Belief (social, religious, or political in nature - an opinion held by many to be a fact, though it is not necessary) Praising Lionel is a sin, because he is not a god. 5. Generalization (Uses absolute statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never, none, most, half - avoid using this type of thesis statement) Most of the people believe that Messi is the best soccer player. 6. Theory (a statement that can be tested and potentially proven) Working hard like Messi and never giving up on a dream could take people anywhere in life. b. Body Paragraphs (must have echoes of the thesis in each and present evidence to support or expand on the thesis) i. Topic Sentence (must specifically indicate the topic of the paragraph and focus on one subject and area of evidence and support) 1. Many have witness the great effort that Lionel has put to be where he is at now. 25

ii. Sentence with examples 1. Quote (5 ways to integrate quotes INTO sentences) Ex. Many people have recalled, “ Messi is one of the most hard working kids I have ever seen.” Ex. “ Messi is one of the most hard working kids I have ever seen”, witnesses of his greatness have told to many. Ex. Luckily for Lionel fans, “Messi is one of the most hard working kids I have ever seen” witnesses of the development of his greatness recalled. Ex. Luckily for Lionel fans “ Messi is one of the most [Greatest] hard working kids I have ever seen.” Ex. Luckily for Lionel fans “ Messi … [Greatest] hard working ... I have ever seen.” 2. Paraphrase (rewarding of a quote into other words of the same length without quotations marks, but still citing the source) 1. Original Quote: “Messi is one of the most hard working kids I have ever seen” 2. Ex . Many have witness the greatness and effort in Lionel since he was a kid. 3. Summary (Condensing larger quotes or sections) 1.Original Quote : ”Messi is one of the most hard working kids I have ever seen.” 2. Ex. Messi is a hard worker 4. Concrete examples (actual, reference-ables examples) a. Messi has proved to be the best soccer player in the world he had shown it to us in his games. 5. Abstract examples (Hypothetical. “what if” examples - AVOID) a. People would be successful or good at something if they try hard. iii. Closing Sentences (Must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word - possibly and adverb - and should echoed. c. Closing Paragraphs (Conclusion - Should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay) i. Statement extending the thesis (extending the thessi statement using the consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis - could be one or more sentences) a. If Messi is the best player of the world why is he been compared para llevar vale. ii.. Final Sentence (“Smoky the Bear”/”Drop the mic”/dot dot dot moment . . .) (Connects to the hook) a. Lionel could be the best player in the world but was it worth it to live all that stress… 26

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

QUIZ Section 5 What are the two types of writing a hook? How Many Types of Thesis Statement are Available? What are some? What is Another Way of Saying Claim? What does each body paragraph need? How Many Types of Sentence examples are there? What are some? What is a closing paragraph? What are the two types of closing paragraphs? What is the difference between the two of them?

Answer Key 1. Anecdotal & Query Based 2. Six 3. Assertion, fact, opinion, belief, generalization, and theory. 4. Assertion 5. Sentence Topic 6. Five 7. Quote, paraphrase, summary, concrete example, and abstract examples. 8. Conclusion - Should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay 9. Statement extending thesis & Final sentence 10. None 27

GRAMMAR BOOK SECTION 6 ESSAYS 6. Essays a. Types i. Persuasive 1. The Purpose of a persuasive essay that utilizes logic and reason is to try to make the reader adopt the writer's point of view also to make the argument to look better than the one established. ii. Expository 1. Definition or Description: It requires a student to investigate an idea and set up an argument in a concise and clear way. 2. Process/How-to: The most important part of this essay is the thesis & the body paragraphs each has to be a topic relating to the thesis. 3. Compare and Contrast: It describes the similarities and differences between two or more people, places, or things. Comparison tells how things are alike and contrast shows how they are different. 4. Cause and Effect: explain how things affect each other and depend on each other. The writer identifies a clear relationship between two subjects, focusing on why things happen the causes and/or what happens as a result the effects. iii. Analytical/Critical 1. Evaluative i s subjective writing because it expresses the writer's opinion or evaluation of a text. 2. Interpretive is subjective writing because it expresses description. iv. Narrative 1. Personal Anecdote is an essay written about a personal experience. v. Research 1. MLA Format: (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. 2. APA Format: (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. vi. Timed 1. Document Based Question (DBQ) this type of essays are well use in the AP’s test giving the student documents and making them analyse them into a argumental type structure. 2. Prompt Base this essay also develops into a argumental type telling the writer to either agree or disagree with some sort of statement. b. Strategies/Planning Tips/ Steps i. Pre-writing/Prompt Analysis/Outlining 1. The basic structuring of an essay are the Intro where the Thesis is put in and also the hook afterwards the body paragraphs are decided and the Conclusion where the thesis supposed to be restated. ii. Research/Evaluation of Source 1. The essay has to have the source where the it has to be evaluated to determine. 28

c. Work Cited Page i. MLA Format 1. This a page at end of the research paper where the cited works go in this format it uses hyphen to span of pages. ii. APA Format 1. This is where you label the page References centered at the top indent after each line is also necessary. 29

QUIZ Section 6 1.

What is a Persuasive essay?

2. What is an Expository essay 3. What is an Analytical essay? 4. What is a Narrative essay? 5. What is a research Essay? 6. What is an example of a Timed essay? 7. What is the does MLA mean? 8. What does APA mean? 9. What is an structure of an essay when outlining it? 10. What is the purpose of the cited page? Answer Key 1. A persuasive essay is when you try to make the reader adopt the writer's point of view. 2. its an essay to investigate an idea and set up an argument. 3. its an essay evaluating an document and putting the writer’s opinion on it. 4. its an essay about a personal experience 5. its an essay about a research. 6. DBQ & Prompt base 7. MLA: Modern Language Association 8. APA: American Psychological Association 9. Intro, Body Paragraphs, and Conclusion. 10. the purpose of a cited page is to give the reader proof about what it is written. 30

GRAMMAR BOOK SECTION 7 CAPITALIZATION 7. Capitalization a. Rule 1: Capitalize the first word, and all important word in a title. i.e: The World Cup b. Rule 2: Capitalize Mother, Dad, and other titles when they serve as a replacement for person's name. i.e: My Dad is the best. c. Rule 3: Capitalize the name of organizations. i.e: FIFA d. Rule 4: Capitalize name of day, month, holidays, and special days. i.e: November, Friday, Christmas, and Memorial Day. e. Rule 5: Capitalize a proper adjective, but not the noun it modifies unless the noun is part of a title. i.e: He was the only that would jump that high. f. Rule 6: Capitalize brand names, but not the products. i.e: Coke soda. g. Rule 7: Capitalize business names. i.e: Mcdonalds h. Rule 8: Capitalize institutions names. i.e: Ashford’s Fisher. i. Rule 9: Capitalize names of particular geographic places. i.e: Africa, Asia j. Rule 10: Capitalize historical events, periods of time, and historical documents. i.e: D- Day k. Rule 11: Capitalize religions, religious denominations, religious documents, name of churches, and name of supreme being. i.e: Catholic l. Rule 12: Capitalize Languages i.e: English m. Rule 13: Capitalize specific names of structures. i.e: Neo- Classic n. Rule 14: Capitalize names, initials, and titles appearing with names. i.e: Dr. Karev o. Rule 15: Capitalize the first letter of the first word in a sentence i.e: He was the best in soccer when we were small. p. Rule 16: Capitalize the pronoun I i.e: I am sad, because life took away what I love the most that special girl that robbed my heart. q. Rule 17: Capitalize the first letter of the first word in most lines of poetry. i.e: Oh my dear Elizabeth The most pretty of them all. r. Rule 18: Capitalize Roman numerals and the letters for the first major topics in outline. Capitalize the first letter for the first word of the outline. i.e: I. In the Beginning of Time There was Nothing 31

s. Rule 19: Capitalize the first letter of the first word in a direct quotation. i.e: “He has been the finest free kicker i have ever seen.” t. Rule 20: Capitalize government bodies and departments. i.e: The Executive branch u. Rule 21: Capitalize races and ethnic groups. i.e: Latinos , Aryans v. Rule 22: Capitalize North, South, East, West when they refer to a region of the country or world. i.e: North, South ... w. Rule 23: Political parties and their members. i.e: Democrats, Republican x. Rule 24: Capitalize the first letter of only in most hyphenated words that being a sentence. i.e: Low-budget-job is the best. y. Rule 25: Capitalize President when it refers to the leader of the United States. i.e: The President is the first African-American president. 32

GRAMMAR BOOK SECTION 8 PUNCTUATION 8. Punctuation a. [ ] You can use them to include explanatory words or phrases within quoted language 1. Lew Perkins, the Director of Athletic Programs, said that Pumita Espinoza, the new soccer coach [at Notre Dame Academy] is going to be a real winner. 2. Espinoza charged her former employer with "falsification of [her] coaching record." b. ( ) To include material that you want to de-emphasize. 1. He was the very best (we remember him on the 17 of october) 2. We remember him on the 17th october (it was his birthday). c. . Marks to structure and organise your writing. 1. He is not what he seems he is the best of the best. 2. The best soccer coach in the world he made Atlas champions. d. -- upper-comma or set of super-commas to set off parenthetical elements, especially when those elements contain internal forms of punctuation 1. All four of them -- Messi, Hazard, Aguero, Cristiano -- did good on Champions League 2. “How many times have I asked you not to --” the reporter stop talking and look away. e. , To separate series of words. 1. He was very kind, sweet, and also salty. 2. He love me, because i gave him what he wanted. f. : To inform the information is important 1. These are the one's I told you: Soccer, Baseball, and Basketball. g. ; 1. My grandmother seldom goes to bed this early; she's afraid she'll miss out on something. 2. Messi has always been short; he has never been stop by that. h. ? 1. Are you okay? 2. Am I okay? i. ! 1. Are you serious! 2. No am not! j. ‘ 1. I’m Pamela Guerra daughter of the people and my dad. 2. I don’t play games Pamela you're not worth anything. k. “ 1. He quoted, “Life is hard, but life is good.” 2. He claimed, “there’s nothing to eat we are done.” l. … 1. He never really like us anyways … 2. You were made out of dirt and dirt you will become…. 33

GRAMMAR BOOK SECTION 9 COMMONLY CONFUSED WORDS 9. Commonly Confused Words a. Who/Whom 1. Who Wrong: Whom wrote the letter in spanish? Right: Who wrote the letter in spanish? 2. Whom Wrong: We wondered who the book was about . Whom Right: We wondered whom the book was about. A. Who: Who was the player that us his fantastic dribble technique to scored those amazing skills. A. Whom: The people believe that the player whom he was prattle about was the great Pele. b. Their/There/They’re 1. Their Wrong: Their is nowhere to run in the jungle. Right: Where is their car am trying to leave already. A: Their life has deteriorating after they drank petroleum. A: Their life has deteriorating after they drank petroleum. 1. There Wrong: There the one's who took it. Right: He left it there. A: He excitedly ask where did I leave my soccer ball and I eagerly reply to him “I left it there.” 2. They’re Wrong: I left it they’re. Right: They’re the one's who took it from me. A: They’re the best in the league with their amazing skill they makeme think they're from another world. a. Lie/Lay 1. Lie Wrong: He lie there on the floor. Right: He lie to you. A: There tremendous amount of lies told in the conference room after the game, but the truth will come to the light. 2. Lay Wrong: He lay to you. Right: He lay in the floor. A: The athlete lay in the cold ground after been knocked out by the baseball bat. 34

b. Affect/Effect 1. Affect Wrong: The affect of the pills. Right: He affected me greatly. A: Many athlete's claimed there was someone who greatly affected their lives. 2. Effect Wrong: He effected me greatly. Right: The effect of the pills. The effect on pills when they’re take with alcohol does not take place. c. Accept/Effect 1. Accept Wrong: The accept pills in pain is rapid. Right:He accepted the slogan “yolo.” 2. Effect Wrong: He effext me with pain. Right: The effect of pills takes quickly effect. A: The effect of the pain relief pills takes a quick effect in the body d. Loath/Loathe 1. Loath Wrong: He loath my belly. Right: He loath the field. A: He loath the field after he received the red card. 2. Loathe Wrong: He loathe the field. Right: He loathe my belly button it was deformed. A: He loathe the fiasco at the Bernabeu when Real Madrid lost 4-1. e. Infer/Imply 1. Infer Wrong: He infer my life. Right: He infer me that today was the last day of school. A: He infer me that they never played vs Newcastle but Manchester United. 2. Imply Wrong: The imply was the best. Right: He imply that he suck. A: They imply that many were playing at their worst level possible. f. Weary/Wary 1. Weary Wrong: The weary of my shoes were the best. Right: He was weary of all the problems he faced in the pitch. 2. Wary Wrong: He was wary of soccer. Right: He was wary of strangers. A: He was wary of the defense as they play tough. 35

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Quiz Section 7,8, & 9 Name at least three rules of capitalization Are you suppose to capitalize names of Company and products? What does the comma do? What does the brackets do? What is the parenthesis? What are some commonly confused words? What is the difference between There, their, and they’re? Does the question mark go before the question? What does ellipsis mean? What is the purpose for periods?

Answer Key 1. Various from 25 choices 2. Only Company words 3. Makes a pause 4. insert words into a phrase 5. the parenthesis adds up more info. 6. They’re, their, and there 7. There place, their people, and they’re a action 8. No after. 9. There’s more. 10. To end the sentence

Glossary 1. Attacking midfielder: The most forward-playing midfielder, playing right behind the forwards; she supports the offense by providing passes to forwards to set up goals. 2. Attacker: Any player on the team that has possession of the ball. 3. Back: A defender. 4. Break: When a team quickly advances the ball down the field in an attempt to get its players near the opponent’s goal before the defenders have a chance to retreat. 5. Center: A pass from a player located near the sideline towards the middle of the field; used to get the ball closer to the front of the goal; also called a cross. 6. Charge: To run into an opponent; legal if done from the front or side of the ball carrier; illegal against a player without the ball or from behind. 7. Chip pass: A pass lofted into the air from a player to a teammate; used primarily to evade a defender by kicking the ball over his head. 8. Chip shot: A kick lofted into the air to try to sail the ball over the goalkeeper’s head and still make it under the crossbar into the goal. 9. Clear: To kick the ball away from one’s goal. 10. Corner kick: A type of restart where the ball is kicked from the corner arc in an attempt to score; awarded to an attacking team when the ball crosses the goal line last touched by the defending team. 11. Defensemen: The 3 or 4 players on a team whose primary task is to stop the opposition from scoring; also called fullbacks. 12. Defensive midfielder: The player positioned just in front of her team’s defense; she is often assigned to mark the opposition’s best offensive player 13. Direct free kick: A kick awarded to a player for a serious foul committed by the opposition; the player kicks a stationary ball with no opposing players within 10 yards of him; a goal can be scored directly from this kick without the ball touching another player. 14. Dribbling: The basic skill of advancing the ball with the feet while controlling it. 15. Forward line: The 3 or 4 forwards who work together to try and score goals; consists of two wingers and 1 or 2 strikers. 16. Forward pass: A pass made towards the opposition’s goal. 17. Forwards: The 3 or 4 players on a team who are responsible for most of a team’s scoring; they play in front of the rest of their team where they can take most of its shots. 18. Goal kick: A type of restart where the ball is kicked from inside the goal area away from the goal; awarded to the defending team when a ball that crossed the goal line was last touched by a player on the attacking team. 19. Hand ball: A foul where a player touches the ball with her hand or arm; the opposing team is awarded a direct free kick. 20. Hat trick: 3 or more goals scored in a game by a single player. 21. Header: The striking of a ball in the air by a player’s head.

Back Cover Dedication I want to thank my parent for first giving me life and also for teaching me all the values that I now have with me. I want to give thanks to my teachers especially Mr. Rodriguez for teaching me all the basics of grammar and making my life easier by letting have all these knowledge and do an essay worth of reading. To conclude I want to thank my brother and my sister for always supporting me and my few friends that I have for always listening and also I want to thank God for everything specially for soccer.

About the Author To start off I am sixteen years old currently attending Francisco Bravo Medical Magnet High School. I live on South Central in the “hood” as many people like to referred this area. I live, eat, and sleep soccer I could probably argued for days about soccer and I would not get tired of it. Many people think soccer it is just a game, but I do not think it is; I think soccer is hope for the common people a are where they could escape and enjoy life. My experience on writing has never being good, because english is my second language I come from the land of Tequila in case you do not know it is Guadalajara, Jalisco. Writing for me has become easier just by the fact that i have learned a lot in this class than I ever have before. I feel that now I could write a well structured essay that make sense.

Work Cited 1. http://www.chompchomp.com/terms.htm 2. http://www.english-grammar-revolution.com/sitemap.html