Grey's Grammatical Anatomy

Grey’s Grammatical Anatomy SURGEONS IS TO SCALPEL AS GRAMMAR IS TO POWER

By Christianne Sunga Edited by Cristel Millera 1

Introduction

Grey’s Grammatical Anatomy was written by Christianne Sunga to help people to learn more about english. We all know that are more things to know in english not just grammar.​ ​ The grammar book, Grey’s Grammatical Anatomy, will help people in all ages exceed their knowledge of english. They will learn things in the grammar book that they did not know that exists. Christianne Sunga used his knowledge to created The Grey’s Grammatical Anatomy grammar book to help individuals learn more about english.

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Author

Christianne Sunga​ is a reach for the stars kind of student. Learned english in 5th grade. Even though Christianne was born in the Philippines, he did learn a little bit of english. Christianne used his knowledge about the usage of grammatical concepts by creating a grammar book to help and teach others what they do not know about english and how to properly use it. Christianne participated in this project to get a good grade and also help others how to properly use english.

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GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 1 NOUN TYPES/ IDENTIFIERS/ FUNCTIONS 1­13

1. Parts Of Speech​ ­ Explain the usage and function of each part of speech and give two (2) examples (basic and advanced) of each type of usage. a. All Eight (8) Parts i. NOUNS 1. ​ Types of nouns: ● Common Nouns: name a class of people, places, things, or idea.

Ex: hospital, doctor, ● Proper Nouns: give the name or title of a particular person, place, or idea (must be capitalized.

Ex: Children's Hospital, Dr. Lee, ● Compound Nouns: consist of words used together to form a single noun.

Ex: hallway, eyeball, forefinger. ● Concrete Nouns: refer to material things, to people, or to places.

Ex: otoscope, scalpel, stool. ● Abstract Nouns: name ideas, quality, emotions or attitudes.

Ex. happy,calm, patience

2. ​ Noun identifiers

● Noun endings: inert​ ness radia​ tion acrot​ ism chem​ ist proced​ ure ampli​ tude ment adv​ ance comm​ ence abil​ ity ster ory engin​ eer liveli​ hood

● Following a noun marker (NM): ​ a. all, an, ​ both​ , ​ each​ , every, ​ her​ , ​ his​ , my,our, several​ , ​ some​ , ​ that​ , their, ​ these​ , ​ this​ , ​ those​ , ​ one​ , two, three, etc. ​ Emboldened words​ are pronouns that function as noun markers only when they act as adjectives, i.e., ​ Some​ scrubs are white. ("Some" acts as an adjective, so it's a noun marker). ​ Some​ are white. ("Some acts as a noun so it's not a noun marker).

NM N NM N The ​ scrub​ is white The large white ​ scrub​ is rectangularly shaped.

● Plural form: ​ for example: "​ doctors​ " or "​ scalpels​ "

● Possessive form:​ for example: "​ doctor's​ scalpel" or "​ doctors’​ scalpel" 4

●

Following a preposition: The doctor awkwardly tumbled ​ down ​ the stairs These are some common prepositions:​ aboard, about, above, according to, across, across fro, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away, from, back of ,because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except for, excluding, for, fom, fom among, from between, fromunder, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in lace of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite o, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding, of, off, on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until unto, up upon, up to, versus, via, with, within, without.

Note: ​ Sometimes the above words are used as adverbs.

The astronaut tragically fell ​ down​ . (adverb)

3. ​ Functions (How nouns are used):

● Subject ​ ­ comes before the verb.

S ADV S Ex: ​ Dr. Webber ​ bravely proceeded the surgery without ​ Dr. Grey​ .

S ADV S Ex: ​ Dr. Karev​ held the heart cautiously to give it to ​ Dr. Yang​ for the heart transplant.

● Direct Object ​ ­ comes after the verb and answer to what or whom.

DO Ex: ​ Dr. Altman weakly threw ​ the baseball​ to Cristina.

DO Ex: ​ Dr. Kepner nervously drew ​ the ​ scalpel ​ ​ from the tray during her first surgery.

● Indirect Object ​ ­ answers to who or to whom.

IO IO

Ex:​ Dr. Webber gave a honor of recognition to his ​ doctors ​ and ​ nurses.​

IO Ex:​ Dr. Grey gave chocolates to her fellow ​ co­workers ​ on Valentine’s Day

because Dr. Grey and Dr. Shepherd broke up that week.

●

Adverbial​ ­ comes after the verb and answers them.

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Ex: ​ The nurses tiredly work ​ evenings ​ to keep the hospital in work.

Ex: ​ The doctors operate ​ everyday ​ for the patients who needs the surgery to live.

●

Object of the preposition​ ­ follows a preposition.

S V OPrep Ex: ​ The visitors of the patient went to the hospital ​ gift shop ​ to buy flowers.

S V OPrep Ex: ​ The patient went to the hospital’s ​ main desk​ wonderingly trying to find their room.

●

Subject Complement ​ ­ following a​ linking verb​ .

SC Ex: ​ Dr. Yang is extremely ​ depressed ​ after her breakup with Dr. Burke. ​ SC Ex: ​ Dr. Shepherd is the ​ chief​ of the hospital, when Dr. Webber carelessly drank

alcohol before a surgery.

●

Object Complement ​ ­ follows a direct object and renames it. ​ OC Ex:​ The boards of staff elected Dr. Shepherd ​ chief​ of the hospital doubtfully.

Ex:​ The nurses rushed to get in their scrubs to go to the mandatory meeting Dr. OC Webber ​ ex­chief ​ of the hospital assigned to say his speech.

●

Appositives ​ ­ renames nouns, separated by commas.

Ex:​ Dr. Shepherd, the ​ chief of staff​ , happily shared his teaching skills.

Ex:​ Dr. Altman, my ​ mentor​ , exactly showed me a very helpful technique to use in

surgery.

●

Adjectival ​ ­ describes noun following it.

Ex: ​ The nurses went happily to the ​ hospital​ cafeteria.

Ex: ​ The nurses on their first day happily went to their first ​ operating​ ​ room.

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●

●

Noun in Direct Address N Ex: ​ “​ Dr. Webber​ , when will the next class of surgical precision be this week?”

Justly asked by the residence of the hospital

N Ex: ​ Dr. Stevens​ , a doctor of the hospital, generously donating 8 million dollars to

build a free care clinic.

Object of the gerund ​ ­ noun that follows a ​ gerund

Ex: ​ The operating ​ rooms​ are full, tragically more patients are coming in from the

accident.

Ex: ​ The doctors that won the debate ​ meeting,​ boldly will choose how the

procedure will be for the surgery.

●

Object of the participle ​ ­ noun that follows a ​ participe​ .

Ex: ​ After the memorization ​ contest,​ the head of nurses will give the winning

nurse the promptly sparkly pager.

Ex: ​ After the debate ​ contest,​ Dr. Shepherd will choose the fortunately doctor to

receive the 1 million dollar award for their specialty section.

●

Object of the infinitive ​ ­ noun that follows an ​ infinitive​ .

Ex: ​ Dr. Yang badly wanted to win the hospital’s rare sparkly ​ pager.

Ex: ​ Dr. Grey justly won the sparkly pager after winning the hospital’s annual

memorization ​ contest​ that Dr. Bailey coordinated.

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GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 1 PRONOUNS/ VERBS

ii.

PRONOUNS​ ­ ​ A word that can function by itself as a noun phrase and that refers either to the participants in the discourse or to someone or something mentioned elsewhere in the discourse.

1.Personal: Nominative (subjects) Objective (objects) I/we me/us you/you you/you He, she, it, one/they him, her, it, one/them

Possessive My, mine our, ours Your, yours your, yours His, her, hers, its, one’s their, theirs

2. Relative: Nominative Objective Possessive who whom whose That that of that those/this

3. Interrogative: who, which, what, whatever, whoever

4. Reflexive: ​ (personal pronouns plus the suffix ​ ­self​ or ​ ­selves Used only: A. when the action verb is directed toward the subject of the construction: i. He horribly punishes ​ himself​ when he makes a mistake. She dramatically bought ​ herself​ a candybar to calm ​ herself​ .

B. to intensify a point: i. The nurse herself delivered the baby because the doctor was not there yet.

Even though the group project was hard. “I can finish the job myself” the nurse thought.

5. Demonstrative: this, these that, those

6. Indefinite: 8

iii.

all, another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, few, many, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, other, several, somebody, someone, such.

VERBS ­ ​ Verbs show the time, action, and state of being of a subject.

A. How are verbs identified:

1.Verb Ending: ​ ­s, ­ed, ­ing, are the basic ones

2. Tense: ​ verbs indicate time via tenses:

1. Simple Past ­ ​ The simple past is used to talk about a completed action in a time before now.

Ex: ​ Derek ​ fixed ​ the floorboard on his front porch.

Ex: ​ Karev’s car broke down on the way to work but ​ fixed​ it at the side of the freeway.

2. Past ­ ​ The past tense is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to place an action or situation in past time.

Ex: ​ I amazingly ​ worked ​ for 5 hours straight.

Ex: ​ I amazingly ​ worked ​ for 5 hours straight without any distraction or without using my phone.

3. Past Perfect ­ ​ The past perfect tense indicates an action was completed at some point in the past before something else happened.

Ex: ​ I ​ had worked ​ in the operating room for several hours.

Ex: ​ I ​ had helped ​ 36 patients in a row at the clinic but there are more patients need to be treated at the main hospital building.

4. Past Progressive ­ ​ The past progressive tense indicates continuing action, something that was happening, going, on, at some point in the past.

Ex: ​ Derek ​ was operating​ when Meredith ran away with Zola.

Ex: ​ Derek ​ was operating ​ when Meredith ran away with Zola because the child’s services is going to take Zola away from Meredith and Derek .

5. Simple Present ­ ​ To express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes.

Ex: ​ Seattle Grace Hospital is a big hospital in a small area.

Ex: Derek and Meredith work at Seattle Grace Hospital​ with their roommate who have been friends for ten years.

6. Present ­ ​ The present tense is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to locate a situation or event in present time.

Ex: ​ Derek ​ is ​ unfortunately operating with a complicated surgery.

Ex: ​ Karev ​ is ​ angrily fixing his car on the side of the freeway because he is late for work.

7. Present Perfect ­ ​ The present perfect tense is formed with a present tense form of “to have” plus the participle of the verb.

Ex: ​ I ​ have worked ​ in the clinic for several hours.

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Ex: ​ Meredith ​ have been awake​ since yesterday taking care of Zola without the help of Derek.

8. Present Progressive ­ ​ The present progressive tense indicates continuing action, something going on now. This tense is formed with the helping “to be” verb, in the present tense, plus the present participle of the verb. (with an ​ ing ​ ending).

Ex: ​ Meredith ​ is courageously trying​ to convince child services not to take Zola.

Ex: ​ Derek ​ is working​ late which means Meredith can leave early out of the hospital without Zola because the child services took Zola.

9. Present Perfect Progressive ­ ​ The present perfect progressive indicates a continuous action that has been finished at some point in the past or that was initiated in the past and continues to happen. The present perfect progressive frequently is used to describe an event of the recent past.

Ex: ​ Karev ​ has been working​ with the new born babies since last week.

Ex: ​ Dr. Webber ​ have been working​ with the same patient since last month because the patient felt safe.

10. Future ­ ​ a future tense is a verb form that generally marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future.

Ex: ​ Little Grey ​ will help​ Dr. Shepherd with his every surgery.

Ex: ​ Meredith was replaced with Little Grey by Dr. Shepherd because Meredith messed with Derek’s clinical trial, so from now on Little Grey ​ will be​ helping Derek with every surgery.

3. Forms:

a. Forms of “to be”: ​ am are, is, was, were, be, been, being, (These verbs can be used as ​ helping​ ​ verbs​ or main verbs. When used as main verb, they are always linking verbs ­ true linking verbs = all forms of ​ be,​ ​ become,​ and ​ seem​ ) b. Forms of “to do”: ​ do, does, did, done, doing (These verbs can be used as helping​ ​ verbs​ or main verbs). c. Form of “to have”:​ have, had, has, having (These verbs can be used as helping​ ​ verbs​ or main verbs).

4. Types:​ There are at least eleven (11) types of verbs: a. auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) ­ ​ An ​ auxiliary verb​ is a ​ verb​ that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it appears—for example, to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc.

Ex:​ A free clinic building ​ is being​ built next to the main hospital.

Ex:​ Derek ​ was ​ being questioned about his clinical trial and about his wife, Meredith. b. linking verbs (verbs that do not describe action, but connect the subject of a sentence to other parts of the sentence ­ usually the predicate).

Ex: ​ A patient’s baby ​ is being​ born in the middle of a parking lot.

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c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

h.

i.

j.

Ex: ​ Cristina have been going out instead of going to work because she is still traumatized of what happened at the hospital shooting. lexical verbs (main verbs) ­ ​ In linguistics a ​ lexical verb​ or full ​ verb​ is a member of an open class of ​ verbs​ that includes all ​ verbs​ except auxiliary ​ verbs​ . ​ Lexical verbs typically express action, state, or other predicate meaning. In contrast, auxiliary ​ verbs express grammatical meaning.

Ex:​ A couple of patients ​ arrived​ at the clinic without an appointment.

Ex: ​ A couple of patients ​ arrived ​ at the clinic without an appointment that means they have to wait for several hours to be ​ called​ . dynamic verbs (indicate verbs) ­ ​ Dynamic verbs​ (sometimes referred to as "action verbs​ ") usually describe actions we can take, or things that happen; stative ​ verbs usually refer to a state or condition which is not changing or likely to change.

Ex:​ Dr. Altman does not know how to ​ play ​ baseball.

Ex: ​ The whole staff of the hospital knows how to play baseball except for Dr. Altman. stative verbs (describe a condition) ­ ​ Stative verbs usually refer to a state or condition which is quite static or unchanging.

Ex: ​ Derek ​ owns ​ two porsche.

Ex: ​ Derek ​ believed ​ he could so the surgery safely without any mistakes. finite verbs (indicate tense) ­ ​ A ​ finite verb​ is a form of a ​ verb​ that has a subject (expressed or implied) and can function as the root of an independent clause; an independent clause can, in turn, stand alone as a complete sentence.

Ex: ​ The nurses in Dr. Bailey’s surgery tiringly ​ worked ​ for several hours straight.

Ex: ​ After Dr. Bailey ​ finished ​ operating on a patient with a tumor for several hours, she slept ​ for several hours too. non finite verbs (infinitives or participles) Ex: ​ Cristina is ​ leaving ​ her job behind but her friends disagree.

Ex:​ Cristina is ​ trying​ to operate on Derek’s bullet wound but the shooter keeps on yelling at Cristina to stop. regular verbs (weak verbs) Ex:​ Karev ​ changed ​ a baby’s diaper.

Ex: ​ Dr. Sloan will operate on a patient's face by removing it and replacing it with a new one. irregular verbs (strong verbs) Ex: ​ Meredith doesn’t ​ understand ​ why child’s services is taking Zola away.

Ex: ​ Dr. Bailey ​ slept ​ for a whole day after her 12­hour complicated surgery with Dr. Webber. transitive verbs (verbs followed by a direct object) ­ ​ A ​ transitive verb​ has two characteristics. First, it is an action ​ verb​ , expressing a doable activity like kick, want, paint, write, eat, clean, etc. Second, it must have a direct object, something or someone who receives the action of the ​ verb​ .

Ex: ​ Cristina ​ operated ​ on Dr. Altman’s husband without her knowing.

Ex: ​ Dr. Kepner wants everybody’s attention but no one listening about her idea on how to proceed with the surgery because she’s only a one year resident.

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k. intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take direct objects) ­ ​ In grammar, an ​ intransitive verb​ does not allow an object. This is distinct from a transitive ​ verb​ , which takes one or more objects. The ​ verb​ property is called transitivity.

Ex: ​ Karev ​ went ​ to the main incident.

Ex: ​ Karev ​ went ​ to the main incident and treated more 35 people from a burning building.

5. Voice:​ Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action.

The english language has two voices: ACTIVE and PASSIVE.

6. Verbals:​ (VERB FORM NOT USED AS VERBS) a. ​ Gerund​ : word ending in “ing” used as a noun.

Ex:​ Dr. Shepherd is nervously thinking about the surgery that he will operate later at the ​ operating ​ room.

Ex: ​ Dr. Bailey wantingly to do the surgery but instead, Dr. Shepherd wants her to do ​ cleaning ​ after the surgery. b. ​ Participle​ : word ending in “ing” or “ed” used as an adjective.

Ex: ​ The patient’s intestines is ​ clogged with hair​ .

Ex: ​ The patient’s intestines is ​ clogged with hair​ because she has been chewing her hair since she was in the 5th grade. c. ​ Infinitive:​ verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.

Ex: ​ Dr. Grey jumped in the lake ​ to rescue ​ an injured victim.

Ex: ​ Dr. Shepherd jumped in the lake ​ to rescue​ Dr. Grey and the victim from drowning.

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 1 ADJECTIVE/ ADVERBS

​ IV. ADJECTiVES Adjectives, modify, limit, and identify noun and pronouns.

1.​ Kinds​ : a. ​ Demonstrative​ ​ Adjective​ ­ to point out specific people or things i. ​ This​ and ​ that​ modify singular nouns.

This​ is use to point out something that is nearby.

DS S ADJ ADV ­ This​ scalpel I’m holding is sharply gray and metallic S ADJ ADV ­ This​ scalpel I’m holding is sharply gray and metallic which is dangerous when holding it loosely. ii. ​ These​ and ​ Those​ are used for plural nouns.

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These​ is similar to ​ this​ , but it is used for nearby plurals: DS S ADV ­ These​ equipment in the hospital are frustratingly laying on the floor.

DS S AVD ­ These​ equipment in the hospital are frustratingly laying on the floor which can cause accidents.

b. ​ Common Adjective​ ­ that are not written with a capital letter.

CA ­ The ​ old​ rusty equipments are being replaced.

CA ­ The ​ old​ rusty equipments are being replaced with the brand new ones ordered by Dr. Webber.

c. ​ Proper Adjective ​ ­ that are written with a capital letter and often derived from proper nouns.

PA ADV ­ The ​ Seattle ​ Grace Hospital​ ​ doctor’s are rudely complaining about the nurse shortages.

PA ADV ­ The ​ Seattle ​ Grace Hospital doctor’s are rudely complaining about the nurse shortages to Dr. Webber, the main chief of the Hospital.

2. ​ Endings​ : Suffixes (word­endings) come at the end of the word. ­able​ , ​ ­ible ​ (able) ­­ ­al ​ (related to: pertaining to) ­­ Natur​ al ­ary ​ (belonging or related to) ­­ Diction​ ary ​ ­ed​ (from a verb's past participle, often describing a feeling or condition)​ ​ ­­ Transform​ ed ­en ​ (from the irregular past participle of a verb) ­­ ​ ­ent​ ­­ Profici​ ent ­er​ and ​ ­est​ ­­ Prot​ est –ful​ (full of)​ ​ ­­ Success​ ful –ic​ ­­ Antibiot​ ic ​ ­ing​ ­­ Operat​ ing ​ –ish​ ­­ –ive​ ­­ Relat​ ive​ .

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–less​ (without)​ ​ ­­ Love​ less –ous​ ­­ Danger​ ous​ . ­y​ ­­ Antibod​ y​ .

3. ​ Conversions​ :

The parts of speech: the verb, the noun, and the adjective. (Each part of speech explains not what the word is, but how the word is used.)

4. ​ Articles​ : An article is a word that combines with a noun. Articles are actually adjective because they describe the nouns that they preced. Therefore In English, there are only three articles: the, a, and an. However, the three are not interchangeable; rather, they are use in specific instances.

5. ​ Comparative​ /​ Superlatives​ : ​ A ​ comparative​ adjective is used to compare two things. A superlative​ adjective is used when you compare three or more things. ❖ Comparative ● smart, smarter ❖ Superlative ● thin, thinner, thinnest

​ IV. ADVERBS Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. a. Endings​ : ● live​ ­ly ● front​ ­ward ● like​ ­wise

b. Conversions​ : ● surgically ● patiently ● naturally

c. Types​ : ● early ● patiently ● bitterly

d. Intensifiers ● lovely ● scenery ● dangerously

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e. Comparatives​ / ​ Superlative​ : ● lovely, more lovelier, most loveliest ● naturally, more naturally, most naturally

Example Types:

Manner: How? ​ ­ ​ These adverbs tell us that in which manner the action occurs or how the action occurs or occurred or will occur. ● Dr. Shepherd ​ quickly​ entered the operating room. ● Dr. Bailey ​ quickly ​ entered the hospital, trying not to be late on her first day of work from vacation.

Time: When?​ ­ ​ These adverbs tell us about the time of action. ​ e.g. now, then, soon, tomorrow, yesterday, today, tonight, again, early, yesterday.

Adverb of place tells us about the place of action or where action occurs/occurred/will occur. e.g. here, there, near, somewhere, outside, ahead, on the top, at some place. ● The patient​ ​ immediately​ needs to be in surgery right now.

● Dr. Shepherd is ​ immediately​ leaving the hospital for his date with Dr. Grey.

Place: Where?​ ­ ​ Adverb of place tells us about the place of action or where action occurs/occurred/will occur. e.g. here, there, near, somewhere, outside, ahead, on the top, at some place. ● Dr. Karev and Dr. O'Malley operated ​ inside ​ an elevator. ● Dr. Hunt operated on a patient ​ inside ​ a sinkhole caused by an earthquake.

Degree: How? ​ ­ ​ Adverbs of degree tell us about the intensity or degree of an action, an ​ adjective​ or another adverb. Common adverbs of degree: Almost, nearly, quite, just, too, enough, hardly, scarcely, completely, very, extremely. ● Dr. Shepherd is ​ exceptionally ​ good surgeon that other doctors recommend him. ● Dr. Burke is doing ​ poorly​ with his latest surgeries but Dr. Yang is ​ perfectly helping Dr. Burke in secret because of his injury.

Frequency: How?​ ­ ​ Adverbs of frequency tell us how many times the action occurs or occurred or will occur. e.g. daily, sometimes, often, seldom, usually, frequently, always, ever, generally, rarely, monthly, yearly. ● Dr. Burke ​ consistently​ needs help with his surgeries. ● Dr. Grey have been ​ frequently ​ ignoring Dr. Shepherd because Dr. Shepherd secretly​ kept a secret from her about his marriage.

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GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 1 CONJUNCTIONS/ PREPOSITIONS

VI. CONJUNCTIONS Explain each kind and write two sentences for each type using as many of each type as possible.

A. Coordinating:​ (FANBOYS): for, and nor, but or, yet, so. ● Meredith did not like the present Derek gave her ​ yet ​ she still happily accepted it. ● The doctors and nurses of the hospital are planning a protest ​ but ​ neither the doctors ​ nor ​ the nurses want to lead, ​ so ​ the protest amazingly did not happen.

B. Correlative​ : Either/ or; neither/nor; not only/ but also; both/ and; whether/ or; as/ so ● Some of the old nurses have been part of the hospital for a very long time and most of them neither want to quit nor work. ● Dr. Shepherd did not want to go to work neither Dr. Webber because both are dramatically depressed because of their problems in life.

C. Subordinate​ : after, though as, as if, as long as, as though, because, before, if, in order that, provided that, since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while. ● When ​ Cristina was operating on Derek a gun was pointed at her by the hospital shooter. ● After ​ being gun­pointed, Cristina is now sadly traumatized ​ because ​ of what happened to her the hospital during the shooting.

D. Relative pronouns: ● The nurses will politely work for long hours as long as they get paid right. ● Since the last incident at the hospital, most doctors and nurses are still traumatized because of it but the hospital provided an hourly discussion about the shooting incident.

VII. PREPOSITIONS Prepositions link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts of the sentence.

Prepositions are NEVER followed by verbs. these are ​ some​ common prepositions: aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down , down from, except, except excluding, for ,for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding,of ,off, on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, ontop of, opposite, out, out of, 16

outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, without.

1. The shooting incident that happened at Seattle Grace Hospital caused many traumas and depression with the hospital staffs. For example, Dr. Grey was at gunpoint when she was trying to save Dr. Shepherd, and the hospital shooter held the gun at her face. After, the shooting, Dr. Grey was happy in spite of the incident but secretly was devastated inside also including miscarriage during the shooting at the hospital.

2. Dr. Grey had an one­night stand with Dr. Shepherd which she did not know and she also didn’t that they both work at the same hospital. Before that, Dr. Shepherd was married but got cheated on by his wife Dr. Montgomery. Despite of one­night stand, Dr. Shepherd was being irritably ignorant because how he can not see how Dr. Grey loves him.

3. Dr. Yang is an out­standing surgeon because how Dr. Atlman teaches her during her surgeries. Dr. Yang is in a relationship with Owen Hunt who is in the military hired on account of Dr. Webber, including that he was in the military also, he works at the same hospital Dr. Yang works which is at the Seattle Grace Hospital. Dr. Altman likes Dr. Hunt by means of that, when Dr. Yang found out, she is sadly giving up her relationship with Dr. Hunt so that Dr. Altman can teach her and have a relationship with Dr. Hunt.

GRAMMAR BOOK SECTION 1 (1) INTERJECTIONS/ TRANSITIONS/ ASSOCIATED TERMS

VIII. INTERJECTIONS Interjections are the final part of speech. absolutely, achoo, ack, ahh, aha, ahem, ahoy, agreed, alas,alright, alrighty, alack, amen, anytime, argh, anyhoo, anyhow, as if, attaboy, attagirl, aww, awful, bam, bah humbug, behold, bingo, blah, bless you, boo, bravo, cheers, crud, darn, dang, doh, drat, duh, eek, eh, gee, geepers, gee whiz, goly, goodness, goodness, gracious, gosh, his, hallelujah, hey, hi, hmmm, huh, indeed, jeez, my gosh, no, now, nah, oops, ouch, phew, please, rats, shoot, shucks, there, tut, uggh, was, what, woah, woops, wow, yay, yes yikes.

● Woah​ ! That tumor is go big, it's the size of a golf ball. ● Oh my gosh​ ! My glove ripped and now I’m exposed to the patient’s body. ● “​ Bravo​ , thank you to all your work for saving our patients.”

Key associated terms to know for Parts of Speech:

viii. ​ Antecedents​ : ​ a thing or event that existed before or logically precedes another. ● Derek ​ rip ​ his ​ lucky scrubs cap.

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●

Cristina ​ is sadly not going to work anymore because ​ she ​ is traumatized from the shooting at the hospital. ix. ​ Complements​ : ​ a noun and verb. It also has a matching adjective,

complementary.

● Dr. Webber​ is the ​ Chief of Surgery​ at Seattle Grace Hospital. ○ Dr. Shepherd​ is now the ​ Chief of Surgery​ because Derek stole Dr. Webber’s spot of Chief of Surgery by snitching on him that ​ Dr. Webber​ is an ​ alcoholic. x. ​ Objects​ :An object often follows the subject and verb in a sentence.

1. Direct​ : Direct objects are nouns, pronouns, clauses and phrases. Direct objects follow transitive verbs (action verbs that require something or someone to receive the action). ● Dr. Shepherd and Dr. Grey performed their first surgery. ● Dr. Bailey hid when the hospital shooter angrily showed to a patient’s room.

2. Indirect​ : Indirect objects are nouns or pronouns that identify to whom or for whom the action of the verb is performed, as well as who is receiving the direct object. ● Dr. Shepherd furiously sent a nurse of out the operating room because of her actions towards him. ● Dr. Shepherd was shot by the hospital shooter because of his actions towards the patient which is the wife of the shooter.

xi. ​ Modifiers​ : ​ A person or thing that makes partial or minor changes to something. ● The nurses lifted the injured patient to the bed table patiently. ● Dr. Bailey lifted the scalpel loosely and it was about to fall but griped on it the last second then she cut open the body. xii. ​ Transitions​ : ​ Transitions are words or phrases that show the relationship

between paragraphs or sections of a text or speech. Transitions provide greater cohesion by making it more explicit or signaling how ideas relate to one another. ● The nurses at the hospital were rudely complaining about staff shortages and also were complaining about their payment. ● Dr. Grey horrifically experienced a tragic event in her life which was the hospital shooting but is nonchalant about it.

xiii. ​ Expletives​ : ​ expletive​ ­ profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or

anger; "​ expletives​ were deleted" curse, curse ​ word​ , oath, swearing, swearword, cuss.

xiv. ​ Agreements​ : ​ When two or more singular nouns or pronouns are connected by or or nor, use a singular ​ verb.

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1. Subject­Verb​ : ​ When two or more singular nouns or pronouns are connected by or or nor, use a singular ​ verb. ● Neither the swat team nor the police want to go in the hospital because it would dramatically make the problem worse. ● Dr. Shepherd will have to perfectly choose who to with, it will be either Dr. Grey or Dr. Montgomery.

2. Noun­Pronoun​ : ​ a ​ pronoun​ refers back to a ​ noun​ that appeared previously in

the text or conversation. That ​ noun​ ​ is called the antecedent of the ​ pronoun and the ​ noun​ and ​ pronoun​ ​ must agree as to whether they are singular or plural. ● Derek proposed to Meredith because Sloan told him to. ● Dr. Kepner​ slowed down her incision because ​ she ​ was told to slow down.

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1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

GRAMMAR BOOK SECTION 1 QUIZ

What are the five types of nouns? a. __________ b. __________ c. __________ d. __________ e. __________ Which two are types of pronouns? a. Interrogative / Indefinite b. Indirect / Indefinite c. Infinitive / Indirect Match the correct answer: ● Ending a. Gerund ● Tense b. Active ● Forms c. Present perfect progressive ● Types d. ­s, ­ed, ­ing ● Voice e. Lexical verbs ● Verbals f. “To have” What are the three kinds of adjectives?

Give an example of each kinds of adjectives.

6. What does FANBOYS stands for?

7. Name at least 5 prepositions

8. The student answered the question seriously. What kind of adverbs is this? a. Manner b. Degree c. Place

9. What is a direct object? a. Verbal b. Function of a noun c. Type of noun d. Kind of adjective

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10. Verb forms not used as verbs are __________.

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 2 (2) PHRASES A­C

2. Phrases​ ­ phrases are groups of words that function as a part of speech.

A. Prepositional​ : A group of words that begins with a preposition and ​ ends with a noun​ , and is used as an adjective or an adverb.

N ADV

Basic: Dr. Shepherd was warmly welcomed ​ by the hospital staff​ .

N ADV Advance: Dr. Shepherd was warmly welcomed ​ by the hospital staff​ , ADV N especially Dr. Grey.

B. Appositive​ : A group of words that include all the words or phrases that modify an appositive.

N ADV Basic: Dr. Kepner, ​ a new residence​ , accidently killed a patient N ADV Advance: Dr. Kepner, ​ a new residence​ , accidently killed a patient by forgetting a check up procedure.

C. Verbal​ : A group of words that begin with a verbal and ​ ends with a noun​ .

1.​ Gerund​ word ending in “ing” used as a noun.

N Basic: ​ Incisioning​ is my least favorite part of a surgery.

N Advanced: ​ Incisioning​ is my least favorite part of a surgery but I still have to do it.

2. ​ Participle​ word ending in “ing” or ed used as an adjective.

N N Basic: The nurses are ​ rushing​ to the hospital.

N N Advance: The nurses are ​ rushing​ to the hospital so that they won’t be N late to work.

3. ​ Infinitive​ verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) used as a noun, adjectives, or adverbs.

N ADV Basic: The doctor is going ​ to make​ the incision carefully.

N AVD Advance: The doctor is carefully going ​ to make​ the incision on the 21

N patient with a scalpel.

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 2 PHRASES A­C QUIZ

Directions: Multiple choice questions. Must choose one.

1. Dr. Karev, ​ the new residence​ , is going to be Trauma surgeon.

A. Verbal B. Appositive C. Prepositional D. Gerund

2. Incisioning​ is my least favorite part of a surgery.

A. Verbal B. Appositive C. Prepositional D.Gerund

3. The doctor is going ​ to make​ the incision carefully.

A. Verbal B. Gerund C. Infinitive D. Participle

4. The nurses are ​ rushing​ to the hospital.

A. Prepositional B. Gerund C. Participle D. Infinitive

5. Excavating​ an organ is my most favorite part of a surgery.

A. Appositive B. Verbal C. Gerund D. Infinitive

6. Dr. Shepherd was warmly welcomed ​ by the hospital staff​ .

A. Prepositional B. Gerund 22

C. Participle D. Infinitive

7. The firemen are quickly ​ rushing​ to the elevator to save the two doctors.

A. Verbal B. Appositive C. Infinitive D. Participle

8. The bomb squad carefully will have ​ to be​ steady with the bomb.

A. Prepositional B. Participle C. Gerund D. Infinitive

9. The nurses are ​ rushing​ out of the hospital quickly as they can away from the bomb.

A. Prepositional B. Participle C. Gerund D. Infinitive

10. Dr. Shepherd was warmly welcomed by Dr. Grey at the house for a very special occasion.

A. Prepositional B. Participle C. Gerund D. Infinitive

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GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 3 CLAUSES 1­3

3. Clauses​ ­ are groups of words with a subject and a verb.

A. INDEPENDENT ­ ​ CAN ​ stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a ​ simple sentence pattern.

N N N Basic: Seattle Grace Hospital requires doctors and nurses to work ADV aggressively.

N N N Advance: Seattle Grace Hospital requires doctors and nurses to work AVD

aggressively all night because of the accident.

B. SUBORDINATE (Dependent) ­ ​ CANNOT ​ stand alone as a complete sentence and MUST​ begin a ​ SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION. 1. ​ Noun Clause​ : Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, and object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive.

N ADV Basic: ​ That the doctor was nervous​ was totally obvious.

N ADV Advance: ​ That the doctor was nervous​ was totally obvious because it is N N the doctor’s first surgery.

2. ​ Adjective Clause​ : Used to modify a noun in an independent clause.

A. Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word: N N ADV Basic: The intern ​ that preceded​ the surgery is surprisingly doing well.

N N ADV Advance: The intern ​ that proceed​ the surgery is surprisingly doing well N N for the intern’s first surgery.

B. Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns: N ADV N Basic: Dr. Shepherd is obviously the one who got ​ Dr. Webber fired​ .

N ADV N Advance: Dr. Shepherd is obviously the one who got ​ Dr. Webber fired N 24

because of Dr. Webber’s alcoholic problem.

3. ​ Adverb Clause​ : Used to ​ modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs​ in an independent clause, introduced by a subordinating conjunction and used to indicate ​ time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or concession. a. Modifying verbs: N N ADV N Basic: Every staff at Seattle Grace Hospital rapidly left the building because

everyone was scared of the shooter.​ (purpose) N N ADV N Advance: Every staff at Seattle Grace Hospital rapidly left the building N because ​ there was a shooter on the loose​ . (purpose) b. Modifying adjectives: N ADV N Basic: Dr. Webber is ​ as boldly serious as Dr. Bailey​ .

N N Advance: The second surgery seems twice ​ as long as the first surgery​ . c. Modifying adverbs: N N Basic: Dr. Shepherd ​ worked harder than Dr. Webber​ .

N N ADV Advance: Dr. Shepherd worked harder ​ than Dr. Webber typically did​ as N chief of surgery at Seattle Grace Hospital. (condition)

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 3 (3) CLAUSES 4­7

4. ​ Relative Clause​ : Dependent clause that begins with a​ relative pronoun​ .

N N

Basic:The residence ​ who will help the most patients first​ will earn the ADV sparkly pager.

N N Advance: The residence ​ who will help the most patients first ​ will earn ADV N N the sparkly pager which pages the residence to get on every surgery.

5. ​ Elliptical Clauses​ : Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted.

25

N ADv N N Basic: ​ When cutting​ , the doctor keenly keeps his eyes on the residence

cutting procedure.

N ADV N Advance: ​ When excavating​ , the doctors preciously hold the organ to put N on the tray.

6. ​ Essential Clauses​ : Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence.

Basic: The study ​ that most interests Dr. Grey​ is clearly the studies on

Alzheimer’s disease.

Advance: The study ​ that most interests Dr. Grey​ is clearly the studies on N ADV Alzheimer’s disease because her mother sadly had and died from

Alzheimer’s disease.

7. ​ Nonessential Clauses​ : Clauses that are NOT necessary to the meaning of the sentence.

N ADV Basic: Dr. Grey’s residency, ​ which surprisingly began 10 years ago​ , is

still going on right now.

N ADV Advance: Dr. Grey’s residency, ​ which surprisingly began 10 years ago​ ,

is still going on right now which depends when the show will end.

26

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 3 CLAUSES 1­7 QUIZ

Directions: Multiple Choice questions. Must choose one.

1. The intern that ​ preceded​ the surgery is surprisingly doing well. *A. Adjective Clause B. Elliptical Clause C. Essential Clause D. Noun Clause

2. When cutting​ , the doctor keenly keeps his eyes on the intern's cutting procedure A. Dependent Clause B. Essential Clause *C. Elliptical Clause D. Relative Clause

3. the residence ​ who will help the most patients first​ will earn the sparkly pager.

A. Dependent Clause B. Essential Clause C. Independent Clause *D. Relative Clause

4. Dr. Grey's residency, ​ which surprisingly began 10 years ago​ , is still going on right now.

A. Dependent Clause B. Essential Clause C. Independent Clause *D. Nonessential Clause

5. When taking care of patients​ , the hospital staff will have to preciously take care of them.

A. Dependent Clause B. Essential Clause *C. Elliptical Clause D. Relative Clause

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6. Seattle Grace Hospital requires doctors and nurses to work aggressively tonight.

A. Dependent Clause B. Essential Clause *C. Independent Clause D. Relative Clause

7. That the doctor were so scared​ , they hid everywhere from loose shooter. *A. Dependent Clause B. Essential Clause C. Independent Clause D. Relative Clause

8. Dr. Shepherd ​ worked harder than Dr. Webber​ as chief of surgery. *A. Modifying Adverbs B. Modifying Verbs C. Modifying Adjectives D. Modifying Nouns

9. Dr. Webber is ​ as boldly serious as Dr. Bailey​ .

A. Modifying Adverbs B. Modifying Verbs *C. Modifying Adjectives D. Modifying Nouns

10. Every staff at Seattle Grace Hospital rapidly left the building because ​ everyone was scared of the shooter​ .

A. Modifying Adverbs *B. Modifying Verbs C. Modifying Adjectives D. Modifying Nouns

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GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 4 SENTENCE PARTS

Sentence Parts​ ­ Classifications of words, phrases, and clauses according to the way they figure in sentences.

1. Subject(3) ​ ­ the subject is the main actor, it is the person or thing doing the action a. Complete ­ ​ What or whom the sentence is about

i. Basic Sentence: ​ The most expensive machine​ at the hospital is badly

destroyed.

ii. Advance Sentence: ​ The most expensive machine​ at the hospital is badly

ruined by the shots from the shooter.

b. Simple ­ ​ Is the main word or group that tells who or what the sentence is about

i. Basic Sentence: The simply most important ​ doctor​ came late to the meeting.

ii. Advance Sentence: The simply most important ​ doctor​ came late to the most

important meeting about constructing another medical building.

c. Compound ­​ When a verb has two or more subjects within a sentence

i. Basic Sentence: ​ The doctor, the nurses, ​ and​ the other hospital staff​ are

vigorously working very hard.

ii. Advance Sentence: ​ The doctor, the nurses, ​ and​ the other hospital staff

worked tirelessly to save the patient’s life with a gun wound near the heart.

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2. Predicate (3)​ ­ then, is the action, also known as the verb a. Complete ­​ includes the verb or the verb phrase but also all the words that give more information about it.

i. Basic Sentence: Dr. Webber ​ is a great neurosurgeon​ and ​ a good chief of

Seattle Grace Hospital.

ii. Advance Sentence: Dr. Shepherd is a great neurosurgeon but sadly failed in

his clinical trials.

b. Simple ­​ refer only to the verb or verb phrase in a sentence.

i. Basic Sentence: The doctor successfully ​ aced​ the medical test.

ii. Advance Sentence: The doctor clumsily ​ slipped​ the scalpel from his hand

because the nurse handed it to fast.

c. Compound ­​ two or more verbs or verb phrase that share the same subject and are joined by a conjunction.

i. Basic Sentence: Dr. Shepherd tiringly ​ tried to save most his patients​ from his

clinical trial but failed.

ii. Advance Sentence: Dr. Bailey ​ tried to save one of her patients​ during the

shooting but awfully failed.

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 4 SENTENCE TYPES 1­4

Sentence Types​ ­

1. Declarative ­ ​ to explain a statement or to relay information or ideas normally ends with a period.

i. Basic Sentence: ​ The hospital only have 97 staffs​ but more is highly needed 30

because the crash accident.

ii. Advance Sentence: All of the surgeries at Seattle Grace Hospital is

surprisingly running out of staff because ​ every surgeries need 2 more nurses​ .

2. Interrogative ­​ always ask a question and end in a question mark.

i. Basic Sentence:​ Did the swat team get the bomb out of the hospital on time?

ii. Advance Sentence: Dr. Shepherd, ​ will you marry Dr. Grey with a real ceremonial wedding?

3. Imperative ­​ issue commands or request or they can express a desire or wish.

i. Basic Sentence: ​ Drop that gun slowly​ and put it on the floor.

ii. Advance Sentence: ​ Hold that bomb and slowly walked outside the hospital

for the safety of the people.

4. Exclamatory ­ ​ express strong emotion in a way shouting or yelling.

i. Basic Sentence: Dr. Shepherd is ​ strongly mad​ about his clinical trial.

ii. Advance Sentence:​ ​ Dr. Karev is ​ secretly happy​ about how he saved a 6

months old baby.

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 4 SENTENCE PATTERNS 1­4

I.

Sentence Patterns A. Simple Sentence ​ ­ A sentence that is just one independent clause.

Basic​ : Dr. Shepherd merrily ​ proposed ​ to Dr. Grey last year at a hill.

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Advance​ : Dr. Shepherd boldly ​ made the incision​ on the patient who a had a tumor on the

stomach.

B. Complex Sentence​ ­ A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

Basic​ : Dr. Shepherd, ​ because​ of his love to Meredith, he proposed to her.

Advance​ : Dr. Shepherd, ​ because ​ of his love to Meredith, he proposed to her at Seattle

Grace Hospital elevator with all these head cans and surgery papers.

C. Compound Sentence​ ­ A sentence with multiple independent clauses, but no dependent clause.

Basic​ : Dr. Karev is planning to do a clinical trial but he doesn't have enough money to do

the trial.

Advance​ : Dr. Grey was carrying a child but she had an miscarriage during the shooting at

Seattle Grace Hospital.

D. Complex/Compound Sentence​ ­ A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.

Basic​ : ​ Although​ Dr. Shepherd likes to go camping, he have not had the time to go lately,

and he have not found anyone to go with.

Advance​ : Dr. O'Malley strongly said that he would share the precious flashcards

for the big test; ​ However​ , if he does, Dr. Torres will throw him into the ocean, so they are

both happier if Dr. O'Malley does not share the precious flashcards.

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 4 SENTENCE PATTERNS 5­8

32

A. Loose Sentence​ ­ A sentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate construction (either a clause or phrase).

Basic​ : Dr. Webber tiringly ​ went to surgeries​ yesterday, ​ signed some charts​ , and happily

drank at Joe's Bar​ .

Advance​ : Seattle Grace is great hospital for patients with serious sickness, with ​ great

surgeons,​ ​ great care​ , and ​ service​ .

B. Periodic Sentence​ ­ A sentence in which the independent clause is given at the end of the sentence in order to create interest or generate suspense.

Basic​ : Positive thinking, be helping us stay focused and maintain a good attitude, is

important for a successful surgery​ .

Advance​ : After making the first incision on the patient, taking the tumor out, and closing

up the patient, ​ the doctors and the nurses can finally go home and relax and same for

the tumor­free patient​ .

C. Balanced Sentence​ ­ A sentence where phrases or clauses parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length.

Basic​ : ​ Many nurses are called​ but ​ few are chosen​ .

Advance:​ Dr. Webber is short on budget that means ​ many nurses are called​ to be taken

out of their jobs but ​ few are chosen​ .

D. Parallel Structure​ ­ A sentence using the same pattern of words to show that two or more words or ideas are equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written.

Basic​ : Doctors and nurses seriously take care of their patients everyday.

Advance​ : Doctors and nurses seriously take care of their patients everyday to make the

patient feel safe and cared.

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 4 33

SENTENCE PATTERNS 9­13

A. Chiasmus ​ ­ A sentence that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or clauses) in inverted (reversed) order.

Basic​ : “Nice to see you… to see you nice.”

Advance​ : ​ "You forget what you want to remember, and you remember what you want to

forget."

B. Asyndeton ​ ­ a sentence that leaves out conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose.

Basic​ : The surgeons ​ examine, cut, excavate, stitch up​ the patient.

Advance​ : The nurses prepare the operating room with ​ utensils, materials, gowns, mask,

clean table​ for every surgeries.

C. Polysyndeton ​ ­ A sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose.

Basic​ : Hospitals happily care for you ​ and​ give you great service ​ and​ help you heal your

sickness.

Advance​ : Every doctor excitingly examine the patient ​ and​ put the patient in an O.R. ​ and

make an incision on the patient ​ and​ heal the patient ​ and​ stitch up the patient.

D. Anaphora ​ ­ A sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words, or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention.

Basic​ : "​ OH MY GOSH​ , are you proposing to me? ​ OH MY GOSH​ , this is not happening!

OH MY GOSH​ !" ­ Dr. Stevens

Advance​ : "​ NO, OH GOSH​ ! ​ OH GOSH​ ! ​ OH GOSH​ ! Please stay with me, keep your eyes

open for me!" ­ Dr. Stevens 34

E. Epistrophe ​ ­ A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words.

Basic​ : ​ What will happen​ to Dr. Shepherd? ​ What will happen​ to the hospital?

Advance​ : ​ What​ will happen to Derek? ​ What​ if he dies? ​ What​ am I going to do?

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 4 SENTENCE ERRORS (4)

I. Sentence Errors (Incomplete/Incorrect Types) A. Run­On/Rambling​ ­ Independent clauses that are incorrectly joined.

Basic​ : Dr. Webber read Dr. Karev's clinical trial ​ he said it was brilliant​ .

Advance​ : Dr. Webber nonchalantly read Dr. Karev's clinical trial ​ he said it was brilliant

and have a high percentage of being the next chief residence.

B. Fused ​ ­ Connection of two main clauses with no punctuation.

Basic​ : The shooter on the loose, ​ killed most of the important characters on the show​ all

the while ​ his gun had run out of bullets​ .

Advance​ : Driving from her house, ​ Dr. Grey vowed to protect her patient​ all the

while ​ the tires of her car flattened a mouse crossing on the dry street​ .

C. Fragment ​ ­

Basic​ : Since Dr. Shepherd likes fishing he goes to the lake every once a month.

Advance​ : Since Dr. Shepherd seriously likes fishing he goes to the lake every once a

month but nobody to go with because everyone is busy at the hospital.

D. Misplaced Modifier ​ ­

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Basic​ : Tired of all of the nights in hospital, O'Mally's delight was felt by O'Malley when the

chief finally said he didn't have to take care of the practice patient.

Advance​ : Eagerly awaiting her wedding, Dr. Stevens' presents were all picked up and

admired by Dr. Stevens many times throughout the course of the day.

E. Double Negative ​ ­

Basic​ : After Jane Doe's full face surgery, she ​ didn't​ want ​ no one​ to see her.

Advance​ : The hospital ​ won't​ allow ​ no more​ visitors unless you go through the metal

detection.

F. Comma Splice ​ ­ Basic​ : Gertrude Levandowski, operated for 96 hours, ​ that was way too long​ .

Advance​ : Dr. Shepherd was fishing for five hours and caught nothing, ​ he did not like it.

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GRAMMAR BOOK SECTION 4 QUIZ

1. How many sentence types are there? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6

2. Name the two sentence parts. a. _________ b. _________

3. How many sentence patterns are there? a. 13 b. 16 c. 19

4. Define imperative.

5. Define exclamatory.

6. Define declarative.

7. Define interrogative.

8. How many sentence errors are there?

9. Name two sentence errors.

10. Name at least 5 sentence patterns.

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GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 5 PARAGRAPH ­ INTRODUCTIONS

Paragraphs​ ­ Explain what needs to be in each of the three (3) types of paragraphs, how many sentences each paragraph should have, and include one (1) example for each of the pieces in each of the paragraph sections.

1. ​ Introductory Paragraphs​ (Introduction) a. Hook/Lead i. ​ Anecdotal​ (Brief story to set the mood and intro the topic) 1. Example:​ When Meredith Grey knew about her mother’s alzheimer’s disease she was worried about her future without her mother not knowing her.

Alzheimer’s disease cut short Ellis’ career and Meredith lives with a crippling fear that she will one day fall victim to the illness. In Ellis’ time, she was a world famous surgeon who was honored with the Harper Avery Award. Meredith followed her mother’s footsteps to also become a world famous surgeon. During the years of Meredith of being a surgeon, she embarked on a trial to cure alzheimers with her husband, Derek Shepherd.

ii. ​ Query Based​ (Question that brings the reader to the topic) 1. Example:​ Will Meredith be a victim to the illness? b. Thesis Statements (The purpose of a piece of writing ­ usually one sentence in length ­ and something that is arguable) i. ​ Assertion​ (claim) 1. Example:​ The alzheimer’s disease is a progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions. ii. ​ Fact​ (empirically verifiable) 1. Example: ​ Over 5.3 million Americans of all ages have Alzheimer’s disease, an estimated 5.1 million people are age 65 and older, approximately 200,000 individuals are under age 65. iii. ​ Opinion​ (personal position on a topic) 38

1. Example: ​ The Alzheimer’s has no cure. But drug or non­drug treatments may help with cognitive and behavioral symptoms. iv. ​ Belief​ (social, religious, or political in nature ­ an opinion held by many to be a fact, though it is not necessarily) 1. Example:​ Scientist know for a fact that Alzheimer’s disease cannot be cured with all the advance technology and medicines we have today but can be treated. v. ​ Generalization​ (uses absolute or statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never, none, most, half ­ ​ avoid using this type of thesis statement​ ) 1. Example: ​ Everyone knows that there is no cure for the Alzheimer’s disease but only can be treated with drug or non­drug treatments. vi. ​ Document Based​ (cites a specific source and its position on a topic) 1. Example:​ From the site ​ webmd​ , states that there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease. And it also states that there are medicines that can ease some of the symptoms in some people. The medicine can slow down how quickly the disease gets worse, and help the brain work better for longer. vii. ​ Theory​ (a statement that can be tested and potentially proven) 1. Example: ​ Research can help find the cure for the Alzheimer’s disease. With all the advance medicine and technology that we have, there is a possibility that we can have a cure for the disease.

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 5 PARAGRAPHS ­ BODY

II. ​ Body Paragraphs ​ (must have echoes of the thesis in each and present evidence to support or expand on the thesis) a. Topic Sentences (must specifically indicate the topic of the paragraph and focus on one subject and area of evidence or support) i. ​ Example:​ In addition to Alzheimer’s disease having no cure, dementia also is a type of disease that decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life.

b. Evidence from Quotations (quotes should ​ NEVER​ be used as individual sentences ­ quotes should be embedded within sentences) i. ​ Example: ​ “If your doctor tells you that your loved one has dementia, it means he’s got a brain condition that causes problems with thinking and memory” (webmd). ii. ​ Example:​ “Dementia is a general term for a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer’s is the most common type of dementia” (alz.org). iii. ​ Example:​ “Dementia is a group of symptoms affecting memory, thinking and social abilities severe enough to interfere with daily functioning” (mayoclinic.org).

39

iv. ​ Example:​ “ Dementia indicates problems with at least two brain functions, such as memory loss and impaired judgement or language, and the inability to perform some daily activities” (mayoclinic.org). v. ​ Example:​ “Dementia is a broad category of brain diseases that cause a long term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that is great enough to affect a person’s daily functioning” (wikipedia).

vi. Paraphrase (rewarding of a quote into other words of the same length without quotation marks, but still citing the source) 1. ORIGINAL QUOTE ­ “The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease” (wikipedia).

2. Example:​ PARAPHRASE ­ Dementia and the Alzheimer’s disease have both same effects on the brain which is most likely memory loss. vii. Summary (condensing larger quotes or sections) 1. ORIGINAL QUOTE ­ Other common types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. (wikipedia) 2. Example:​ SUMMARY ­ There are other types of memory loss but older adults mostly have it. ix. Concrete Examples (actual, reference­able examples) 1. Example: ​ As the U.S. Department of Health and Services have studied the Alzheimer’s disease they say that is irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills. c. Closing Sentences (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word ­ possibly an adverb ­ and should echo the thesis of the essay) i. ​ Example: ​ Clearly the Alzheimer’s disease is indecisive for the people. For those who have it, the environment around them will change and so for the people who are affected from the victim who have the disease.

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 5 PARAGRAPHS (5) ­ CONCLUSIONS

III. ​ Closing Paragraphs​ (Conclusions ­ should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay) a. Statement(s) of Extension (extending the thesis statement using the consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis ­ could be one or more sentences. i. ​ Example:​ Without the Alzheimer’s disease, the people around victims who have the disease won’t have to go through the pain that they are forgotten by their loved ones. b. Final Sentence (connect to the book) 40

i. ​ Example:​ Due to the Alzheimer’s disease changes made to the victims, we can conclude this disease caused the victims to forget every memory they had .

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 5 QUIZ

1. Closing paragraph A. should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay.

B. a summary of the body paragraph.

C. should be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay.

2. Your conclusion paragraph should: A. Always provide a new point.

B. End with the words “The End”.

C. Restate your thesis in new words.

3. Statement(s) of Extension A. a summary of the body paragraph.

B. extending the thesis statement using the consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis.

C. the discussion of the topic.

4. How many sentences can a statement(s) of extension have?

A. 1 or more sentences B. 2 or more sentences C. 3 or more sentences 5. Closing sentences (2 possible answers) A. must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word.

B. should include quotes from the book C. should echo the thesis of the essay.

6. Conclusion is A. to add a quote B. to include another body paragraph C. to wrap up your essay 41

7. Thesis statement can be included in the (2 possible answers) A. Introduction B. Body paragraphs C. Conclusion 8. Do not...

A. include quotes in your body paragraphs B. simply restate your thesis statement in your final paragraph.

C. summarize your body paragraph in your conclusion.

9. Your conclusion should…

A. reflect what you learned or what you talked about.

B. include quotes C. exactly summarize your thesis statement 10. The conclusion…

A. is no place to bring up new ideas B. include body paragraphs C. include quotes

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GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 6 ESSAYS (6) ­ TYPES/ STRATEGIES

6. Essays a. Types i. ​ Persuasive​ (Argumentative) ­ also known as the argument essay, utilizes logic and reason to show that one idea is more legitimate than another idea. It attempts to persuade a reader to adopt a certain point of view or take a particular action. The argument must always use sound reasoning and solid evidence by stating facts, giving logical reasons, using examples, and quoting experts.

ii. ​ Expository​ (Informative) ­ is a genre of essay that requires the student to investigate an idea, evaluate evidence, expound on the idea, and set forth an argument concerning that idea in a clear and concise manner.

1. Definition or Description ­ a definition expository essay explains a term or concept. A description essay paints a visual mental picture of a person, place, thing , or event.

2. Process/How­to ­ a process informative essay explains something is completed, works, or done (organization order and/or directions). A How­to explains how to do or create something.

3. Compare and Contrast ­ a compare and contrast analyzes the similarities and differences to find any connections and make inferences.

4. Cause and Effect ­ identifies the cause and effect of something. Say if there is a cause, it will explains the effects that cause will have on a situation or objects.

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iii. ​ Analytical/Critical​ ­ it is an essay that can become bias and subjective because you include personal opinions or your own viewpoint of the text. You analyze and critique the text through your own perspective.

1. Evaluate ­ you "judge and critique" the overall quality of a service, business, product, or program. You do write some opinions, but overall the essay should not come off an opinionated. It should be logical and unbiased. Three (3) groups needed for this essay: fair criteria, judgements, and evidence.

2. Interpretive ­ an essay where you interpret the text's message, meaning,and purpose. First is, to introduce the author, title, and a summary of the texts. Next, you will distinctly state the interpretation of the author's assertion and texts.

Lastly, to give details and quotations to support the interpretation.

iv. ​ Narrative​ (Tells a story) ­ use storytelling elements to make the point of views. To turn into like a short stories rather than traditional academic essays with that being said it doesn't have to fiction; often they depict real life events. Often use to explore and find the meanings of important events in one's own lives. As to making some readers connect more readily to narratives which have a vivid emotional and psychological dimension sometimes buried in traditional expository essays.

1. Personal Anecdote ­ a short story of an account that is a past situation or scenario. Anecdotes can be used either as a hook in the introduction paragraph in order to interest the readers to continuously read.

v. ​ Research​ ­ is the culmination and final product of an involved process of research, critical thinking, source evaluation, organization, and composition.

1. MLA Format ­ style of writing approved by the Modern Language Association regarding the mechanics of writing, including punctuation, quotation, and documentation of sources.

2. APA Format ­ style of writing approved by the American Psychological Association used for publications, papers, essays, and books. vi. ​ Timed​ ­ a timed writing essay is a type of writing to test one's intellectual based on the given prompts or questions by having to write within a limited amount of time.

1. Document Based Question (DBQ) ­ an essay or series of short­answer questions that is written by students using background knowledge and supported the assertions based on several other provided sources. Most commonly found and used in history tests.

2. Prompt Based ­ when a generalized topic of an idea, or subject is given to act as a guideline for a typical writing. It will revolve within the essay based on the 44

prompt can be a quote from authors or it can an article. The prompt should state whether to agree or disagree with the author's assertion as well as to analyze the text.

b. Strategies/Planning Tips/Steps i. Pre­writing/Prompt Analysis/Outlining a. Pre­writing ­ preparing your ideas for your essay before you begin writing.

b. Prompt Analysis ­ as to consider reading the passage first then uses the following: ● Evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims. ● Reasoning to develop ideas and to connect claims and evidence. ● Stylistic or persuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to emotion, to add power to the ideas expressed.

c. Outlining ­ allows a writer to categorize the main points, to organize the paragraphs into an order that makes sense, and to make sure that each paragraph/idea can be fully developed.

Essentially, an outline helps prevent a writer from getting stuck when performing the actual writing of the essay.

ii. Research/Evaluation of Sources c. Work Cited Page ­ ​ is a list of works that you referenced in the body of your paper, whereas a bibliography is a list of all sources you used in your research.

i. MLA Format ­ A format by the Modern Language Association to cite outside sources that is used within the writing.

ii. APA Format ­ A format created by the Modern Language Association to cite outside sources which is used within the writing. The APA format is often used when citing within the social sciences also known as scientific research papers.

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GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 6 QUIZ

1. What is the first paragraph of a five paragraph essay?

A. The supporting paragraph B. The conclusion C. A introduction

2. What does the first paragraph contain?

A. The title of the essay B. An explanation of what the essay's going to be about C. As much information as you can squeeze in

3. What is the last paragraph of an essay?

A. The introduction B. The conclusion C. A supporting paragraph

4. What is the second paragraph of a five paragraph essay?

A. The introduction B. The conclusion C. The first supporting paragraph

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5. What is the third paragraph of a five paragraph essay?

A. The second supporting paragraph B. The introduction C. The conclusion

6. What is the purpose of persuasive writing?

A. To inform B. To persuade C. To tell a story D. To tell “how­to”

7.​ True of False: Analytical/Critical essays evaluate and interpret.

8. ​ True or False: Narrative Essays usually contain personal anecdotes

9. ​ Timed essays can be based off of a. Personal anecdotes b. Document based Question c. Both B and D d. Prompt based

10. ​ Expository essays are a. Argumentative b. Informative c. Evaluative d. None of the Above

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GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 7 CAPITALIZATION

CAPITALIZATION 7. Capitalization​ ­ Define and give one (1) example for each of the ​ twenty five (25) rules.

Rule 1​ : Capitalize the first word, the last word, and all important words in a title A. Always capitalize verbs.

Ex: The Breakfast Club B. Capitalize prepositions of five or more letters.

Rule 2​ : Capitalize, Mother, Dad, and other titles when they serve as a replacement for the person’s name.

A. Capitalize the title if it appears with a name.

Ex: Uncle John Rule 3​ : Capitalize the name of organizations Ex: Kiwanis Club Rule 4​ : Capitalize names of day, month, holidays, and special days Ex: Halloween Rule 5​ : Capitalize a proper adjective but not the noun it modifies unless the nouns is part of a title.

Ex: a Veterans Day parade Specific titles are capitalized following the rules : Capitalize the first word, the last word, and all important words in any title. Do not capitalize ​ a, an, the, and, but, or, not,​ or prepositions of four or less letters unless those words are the first or last word.

Ex: The Critical Period Rule 6​ : Capitalize brand names but not the product(s).

Ex: Yakult probiotic drink Rule 7​ : Capitalize business names.

Ex: American Airlines 48

Rule 8​ : Capitalize institution names.

Ex: University of California Rule 9​ : Capitalize names of particular geographic places.

Ex: Mississippi River Rule 10​ : Capitalize historical events, periods of time, and historical documents.

Ex: The Critical Period Rule 11​ : capitalize religions, religious denominations, religious documents, names of churches, and names of supreme being.

Ex: Quaker Rule 12​ : Capitalize languages.

Ex: Tagalog Rule 13​ : Capitalize specific names of structures.

Ex: Eiffel Tower Rule 14​ : Capitalize names, initials, and titles, appearing with names.

Ex: Professor Snape Rule 15​ : Capitalize the first letter of the first word in a sentence.

Ex: The emergency room is full in capacity.

Rule 16​ : Capitalize the pronoun I. Ex: I operated on a patient today.

Rule 17​ : Capitalize the first letter of the first word in most lines of poetry.

Ex: Rule 18​ : Capitalize Roman numerals and the letters for the first major topics in an outline. Capitalize the first letter of the first word in an outline.

Ex: I. Surger A. Doctors 1. Equipment Rule 19​ : Capitalize the first letter of the first word in a direct quotation.

Ex: Cristina asked, “Where is the baby?”

In a split quotation, do not capitalize the first letter of the word in the second part unless a new sentence is begun.

Ex: “Did you,” asked Cristina, “take the baby?”

Rule 20​ : Capitalize government bodies and departments.

Ex: Congress Rule 21​ : Capitalize races and ethnic groups.

Ex: Hispanic Rule 22​ : Capitalize North, South, East, West, Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, and Southwest when they refer to a region of the country or world.

Ex: Does your Uncle John live in the east?

Rule 23​ : Capitalize political parties and their members.

Ex: Democrats Rule 24​ : Capitalize the first letter only in most hyphenated words that being a sentence Ex: Twelve surgeons in the operating room.

Capitalize both parts of a hyphenated word in titles.

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Ex: Did you know that Vice­President Binay ran for President?

Rule 25​ : Capitalize President when it refers to the leader of the United States.

Ex: The President has declared war on Russia.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 7 CAPITALIZATION QUIZ Which of the three passages is correct?

A. The grocery store down the street is finally selling the ​ Yakult probiotic drink​ .

B. The grocery store down the street is finally selling the ​ Yakult probiotic Drink​ .

C. The grocery store down the street is finally selling the ​ yakult probiotic drink​ .

“In Paris, we had the chance to see the________.”

A. Eiffel tower B. Eiffel Tower C. eiffel tower Which of the three passages is correct?

A. I did not know she can speak ​ tagalog​ , ​ spanish​ , and ​ French​ .

B. I did not know she can speak ​ Tagalog​ , ​ spanish​ , and ​ french​ .

C. I did not know she can speak ​ Tagalog​ , ​ Spanish​ , and ​ French​ .

Which of the three passages is correct?

A. The republican party​ candidates had an intense debate last night.

B. The Republican party​ candidates had an intense debate last night.

C. The Republican Party​ candidates had an intense debate last night Which of the three passages is correct?

A. i​ just operated on a ​ 12 hour​ surgery.

B. I​ just operated on a ​ twelve hour​ surgery.

C. i​ just operated on a ​ twelve hour​ surgery.

Lewis and Clark explored_________.

A. Mississippi river B. mississippi river C. Mississippi River The best holiday of the year is ________.

A. Christmas 50

B. christmass C. christmas 8. __________ is the day we give thanks to everything we cherish.

A. Thanksgiving B. thanksgiving C. Thanks Giving 9. The ____________ is not actually gold.

A. golden gate Bridge B. Golden gate Bridge C. Golden Gate Bridge 10. ___________ is my dream school A. University of california B. university of California C. University of California GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 8 PUNCTUATION

8. Punctuation​ ­ Define and give two (2) examples of the uses for each mark.

A. [ ] ( ) . , ­ ­­ : ; ? ! ‘ “ …

1. Square Brackets [ ]​ ­ to abbreviate lengthy quotations. To correct the tense of a quotation to suit the tense of your own sentence. To add your own words to sections of an abbreviated quotation.

Ex​ : “The major classes that exist today are an upper class[...]; a middle class[...] and a working class[...].”

Ex​ : 2. Brackets ( )​ ­ used to make an aside, or a point which is not part of the main flow of a sentence. If you remove the words between the brackets, the sentence should still make sense.

Ex​ : The strategy (or strategies) that the doctors have chosen is pretty difficult.

Ex​ : The Bering Strait bridge ( a strait connecting the Pacific and Arctic oceans between Russia and the US state of Alaska) was used to cross for exploration.

3. Full Stop (.)​ ­ used to end a sentence. The full stop indicates that a point has been made and that you are about to move on to further explanations or a related point.

Ex​ : The doctors of the patient is now going to operate on their patient. The operating room is now ready for the doctor and the patients.

Ex​ : Meredith hid the child from the adoption services. The adoption services is trying too look for Meredith.

4. Comma (,)​ ­ the comma is useful in a sentence when a writer wishes to: pause before proceeding, add a phrase that does not contain any new object, separate items on a list, and use more than one adjective (describing word, like beautiful).

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Ex​ : The doctors, nurses, and other medical professionals were at the crash site of the plane.

Ex​ : Meredith, who knew that the adoption services would take her child, took the child and hid her from the adoption services.

5. Hyphen (­)​ ­ the hyphen is used to link words together.

Ex: non­verbal Ex: eighteenth­century 6. Hyphen (­­)​ ­ the longer dash hyphen is used to divide words.

Ex​ : … com­­plain...

Ex​ : ...eas­­ily...

7. Colon (:)​ ­ the colon within a sentence makes a very pointed pause between two phrases. There are two main uses of the colon: It is mostly common used when listing or it can be used within a heading, or descriptive title.

Ex​ : Things to buy: carrots, apple, cereal, and bread.

Ex​ : Chapter sixteen : The Union Severed 8. Semicolon (;)​ ­ the semicolon is when joining two connected sentences. The semicolon can also be used to assemble detailed lists.

Ex​ : We operate at midnight; it is a good night to save lives Ex​ : We are going to remove the tumor; the tumor is the size of a golf ball.

9. Question Mark (?)​ ­ the question mark indicates that a sentence is asking a question.

Ex​ : “Did you take the baby?”

Ex​ : “Can operate with you today?”

10. Exclamation Mark (!)​ ­ an exclamation mark indicates strong feeling within a sentence, such as fear, anger or love. It is also used to accentuate feeling within the written spoken word.

Ex​ : Please! Help!

Ex​ : Stop that man! Police! Somebody!

11. Apostrophe (‘)​ ­ the apostrophe indicates possession or ownership. Another use of the apostrophe is to indicate where a letter is omitted.

Ex​ : The doctor’s patient is very ill.

Ex​ : The patient's tumor is growing extremely fast.

12. Quotation or Speech Marks (“...”)​ ­ used to mark out speech or when quoting someone else’s speech.

Ex​ : “Where are you and the baby?”, Cristina Asked.

Ex​ : “Did you,” asked Cristina, “take the baby?”

13. Ellipsis (...)​ ­ used when omitting a word, phrase, line, paragraph, or more from quoted passage. Ellipses save space or remove material that is less relevant.

Ex​ : Where… Where is the patient?

Ex​ : “I… I had to take the baby.”

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1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 8 PUNCTUATION QUIZ

Is the exclamation mark in the sentence being used correctly?

“Stay calm!”, as she said it silently. The patient slowly calmed down.

A. Yes B. No C. No, change it with a question mark.

Choose the right answer.

A. Dr. Shepherd Meredith’s husband is the best surgeon in Seattle.

B. Dr. Shepherd Meredith’s husband, is the best surgeon in Seattle.

C. Dr. Shepherd, Meredith’s husband, is the best surgeon in Seattle.

Choose the right answer.

A. To do list: clean room, clean house, and clean the kitchen.

B. To do list: clean room, clean house and clean the kitchen.

C. To do list: clean room, clean house and, clean the kitchen.

Choose the correct answer.

A. “Can you operate today!” the nurse asked B. “ Can you operate today?” the nurse asked.

C. “Can you operate today?” the nurse asked Choose the correct passage.

A. Meredith hid the child from the adoption services, The adoption services is trying to look for Meredith.

B. Meredith hid the child from the adoption services. The adoption services is trying to look for Meredith.

C. Meredith hid the child from the adoption services. The adoption services is trying to look for Meredith 53

6. Choose the possible answer passage.

A. The Bering Strait crossing (a strait connecting the Pacific and Arctic Oceans between Russia and the US state of Alaska) was used to cross for exploration.

B. The Bering Strait crossing, a strait connecting the Pacific and Arctic Oceans between Russia and the US state of Alaska. Was used to cross for exploration.

C. The Bering Strait crossing a strait connecting the Pacific and Arctic Oceans between Russia and the US state of Alaska, was used to cross for exploration.

7. What are semicolons use for?

8. What are hyphens use for?

9. What are brackets use for?

10. What are ellipsis use for?

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 9 COMMONLY CONFUSED WORDS

9. Commonly Confused/ Misused Word Choices​ ­ Show the differences between each of these common errors and give example sentences of the proper usage for each variant. One (1) advanced sentence that relates to your subject per word.

a. Who/Whom ● Who​ ­ can only be used when it is the subject of a verb Ex​ : ​ Who​ operated on my son? Who is his doctor? ● Whom​ ­ is never the subject of a verb.

Ex​ : That is the patient to ​ whom​ I made the promise with to heal him from his illness. b. Their/There/They’re ● Their​ ­ possessive adjective which is used before a noun.

Ex​ : ​ Their​ child, Zola, is sick and both Meredith and Derek can not see here after surgery. ● There​ ­ indicates a place.

Ex​ : There is a bar down the street near Seattle Grace Hospital. ● They’re​ ­ contraction of ​ they​ ​ are.

Ex​ : ​ They’re​ both going to the same hospital but both Meredith and Derek did not know that they will be working with each other. c. Lie/Lay ● Lie​ ­ to rest Ex​ : For your safety, just ​ lie​ on the bed for the whole day. ● Lay​ ­ to put or place Ex​ : ​ Lay​ the patient on the floor carefully until the ambulance come.

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d. Laid/Lain ● Laid​ ­ past participle of lay Ex​ : I have ​ laid​ down your clothes on the bathroom sink. ● Lain​ ­ past participle lie Ex​ : All I did is ​ lain​ down since last week, what can I do in this hospital? e. Affect/Effect ● Affect​ ­ (verb) to influence or make a difference to Ex​ : Meredith taking Zola from the adoption services ​ affected​ her chance of adopting Zola. ● Effect​ ­ (noun) a result or influence Ex​ : The surgery will have a big ​ effect​ on the patient since it was a crucial surgery. f. Accept/Except ● Accept​ ­ to receive or take Ex​ : Meredith and Derek are trying to ​ accept​ that Zola will not be their child. ● Except​ ­ a preposition meaning “but” or “leaving out” Ex​ : All the doctors of Seattle Grave will be working on the rare surgery ​ except​ for Dr. Grey. g. C/W/Should have vs. C/W/Should of ● Should have​ ­ indicates a missed obligation or opportunity in the past.

Ex​ : You ​ should have​ called me when the patient was coding. ● Should of​ ­ indicates a missed obligation or opportunity in the past.

Ex​ : I ​ should, of​ course called you but my pager was stepped on. h. Loath/Loathe ● Loath​ ­ (adjective) unwilling Ex​ : Dr. O'Malley is ​ loath​ to join the nurses protest outside the hospital. ● Loathe​ ­ (verb) to hate Ex​ : Dr. Bailey ​ loathes​ Dr. Grey when she messed with Dr. Shepherd’s clinical trial. i. Infer/Imply ● Infer​ ­ to deduce or conclude information from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statement of that information.

Ex​ : The nurses ​ implied​ the doctors with all the equipment needed for the surgery. ● Imply​ ­ to strongly suggest the truth or existence of something that is not expressly stated.

Ex​ : The doctors are dealing with rare illness, to operate they have to ​ infer​ on the situation. j. Weary/Wary ● Weary​ ­ means physically or mentally fatigued.

Ex​ : Although the patient is still ​ weary​ , the patient wants to go home after the surgery two days ago. ● Wary​ ­ to be on guard against something or to be watchful or cautious.

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Ex​ : The police in the building are ​ wary​ of the loose shooter. k. Proceed/Precede ● Proceed​ ­ to move ahead, to continue.

Ex​ : Dr. Shepherd still ​ proceeded​ with the surgery when his assistant, Dr. Karev was not in the operating room. ● Precede​ ­ to go before Ex​ : Dr. Karev decided to ​ precede​ to go to Mayfield 22, which he used as an excuse to go to another surgery. l. Discrete/Discreet ● Discrete​ ­ separate and different from each other Ex​ : Meredith and Derek were ​ discrete​ from each other for a short time because Meredith messed with Derek’s clinical trial. ● Discreet​ ­ not likely to be seen or noticed by many people Ex​ : Dr. Kepner was very ​ discreet​ around everybody in the hospital until she became the Chief Resident. m. Conscience/Conscious ● Conscience​ ­ moral understanding, an inner feeling, of right and wrong.

Ex​ : Meredith’s ​ conscience​ is trying to figure out what to do about Zola, if she should take her or leave her. ● Conscious​ ­ being aware of yourself or the world around you.

Ex​ : The patient became ​ unconscious​ when she saw her broken leg. n. Can/May ● Can​ ­ used to denote ability Ex​ : I ​ can​ operate in this patient, I am strong and smart enough to operate. ● May​ ­ used to denote permission Ex​ : ​ May​ I scrub in your surgery today with the spinal fusion and the arthroplasty of knee today?

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GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 9 CONFUSED WORDS QUIZ

1. Did the medicine ​ affect/effect​ ​ your/you’re​ symptoms?

2. If ​ your/you’re​ going to the party, ask ​ your/you’re​ friend if she wants to come.

3. Their/There/They’re​ is going to be a small party at my place and you are welcome to come.

4. “​ Who/Whom​ is going to operate on my son? I need to ask for more information about the surgery?”

5. “Please ​ laid/ lay/ lie​ down the groceries on the floor.”

6. “That’s a ​ lie/ lay​ , you stole my phone.”

7. “ I can’t ​ accept/except​ that, it’s too much.”

8. “Please ​ proceed/precede​ with the surgery.”

9. “​ Can/May​ I go to the restroom?”

10. “The surgery will have a big ​ affect/effect​ on the patient since it was a crucial surgery.”

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ANSWER KEY ON QUIZZES

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 1 QUIZ ANSWER KEY

1. a. Common Noun b. Proper Noun c. Compound Noun d. Concrete Noun e. Abstract Noun 2. A 3. Ending ­ D Tense ­ C Forms ­ F Types ­ E Voice ­ B Verbals ­ A 4. Demonstrative / Common / Proper 5. Demonstrative, That / Common, Triangular / Proper, English football 6. For / And / Nor / But / Or / Yet / So 7. Check prepositions list in the book.

8. A 9. B 10. Verbals

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GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 2 QUIZ ANSWER KEY

Directions: Multiple choice questions. Must choose one.

1. Dr. Karev, ​ the new residence​ , is going to be Trauma surgeon. *B. Appositive 2. Incisioning​ is my least favorite part of a surgery. *A. Verbal 3. The doctor is going ​ to make​ the incision carefully. *C. Infinitive 4. The nurses are ​ rushing​ to the hospital. *C. Participle 5. Excavating​ an organ is my most favorite part of a surgery. *C. Gerund 6. Dr. Shepherd was warmly welcomed ​ by the hospital staff​ . *A. Prepositional 7. The firemen are quickly ​ rushing​ to the elevator to save the two doctors. *D. Participle 8. The bomb squad carefully will have ​ to be​ steady with the bomb. *D. Infinitive 9. The nurses are ​ rushing​ out of the hospital quickly as they can away from the bomb. *C. Gerund 10. Dr. Shepherd was warmly welcomed by Dr. Grey at the house for a very special occasion. *A. Prepositional

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 3 QUIZ ANSWER KEY

Directions: Multiple Choice questions. Must choose one.

1. The intern that ​ preceded​ the surgery is surprisingly doing well. *A. Adjective Clause 2. When cutting​ , the doctor keenly keeps his eyes on the intern's cutting procedure *C. Elliptical Clause 3. the residence ​ who will help the most patients first​ will earn the sparkly pager. *D. Relative Clause 59

4. Dr. Grey's residency, ​ which surprisingly began 10 years ago​ , is still going on right now. *D. Nonessential Clause 5. When taking care of patients​ , the hospital staff will have to preciously take care of them. *C. Elliptical Clause 6. Seattle Grace Hospital requires doctors and nurses to work aggressively tonight. *C. Independent Clause 7. That the doctor were so scared​ , they hid everywhere from loose shooter. *A. Dependent Clause 8. Dr. Shepherd ​ worked harder than Dr. Webber​ as chief of surgery. *A. Modifying Adverbs 9. Dr. Webber is ​ as boldly serious as Dr. Bailey​ . *C. Modifying Adjectives 10. Every staff at Seattle Grace Hospital rapidly left the building because ​ everyone was scared of the shooter​ . *B. Modifying Verbs

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 4 QUIZ ANSWER KEY

1. B 2. Subject / Predicate 3. A 4. Imperative ­ gives a command. It usually ends with a period, but it may also end with an exclamation point.

5. Exclamatory ­ expresses strong emotion and it ends with an exclamation mark.

6. Declarative ­ making a statement and ends with a period. It’s named appropriately because it declares or states something.

7. Interrogative ­ asks a question , and it always ends with a question mark.

8. 13 9. Fragment, Fused, Run­on/Rambling, Misplaced Modifier, Double Negative, Comma Splice 10. Simple sentence, Complex sentence, Compound sentence, Complex/Compound sentence, Loose sentence, Periodic sentence, Balanced sentence, Parallel structure sentence, Chiamis sentence, Asyndeton sentence, Polysyndeton sentence, Anaphora sentence, Epistrophe sentence

GRAMMAR BOOK SECTION 5 60

QUIZ ​ ANSWER KEY

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2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

A C B A A & C C A & C B A

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 6 QUIZ ANSWER KEY 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. True 8. True 9. C 10. B

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 7 QUIZ ANSWER KEY

1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. C 61

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 8 QUIZ ANSWER KEY

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

B C A B B A The semicolon is used when joining two connected sentences. The semicolon can also be used to assemble detailed lists.

8. The hyphen is used to divide words.

9. Brackets are used to make an aside, or a point which is not part of the main flow of a sentence.

10. Ellipsis are used when omitting a word, phrase, line, paragraph, or more from quoted passage.

GRAMMAR BOOK: SECTION 9 QUIZ ANSWER KEY

1. Affect / Your 2. You’re / Your 3. There 4. Who 5. Lay 6. Lie 7. Acept 8. Proceed 9. May 10. Effect

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Glossary

­A­ Accident ­ ​ a sudden event that is not planned or intended and that causes damage or injury.

Adoption Agency ­ ​ An organization that is licensed in the state or states where it transacts its business, which is to assist in placing children needing parents with adoptive parents that are looking for children.

Alcoholic ­ ​ affected with alcoholism.

Alzheimer’s Disease ­ ​ progressive mental deterioration that can occur in middle or old age, due to generalized degeneration of the brain. It is the most common cause of premature senility.

Antibiotic ­ ​ medicine tending to prevent, inhibit, or destroy bacteria.

­B­ Body ­ ​ the main physical part of a person or animal.

Bomb ­ ​ a device that is designed to explode in order to injure or kill people or to damage or destroy property.

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Brain ­ ​ the organ of the body in the head that controls functions, movements, sensations, and thoughts.

­C­ Chief of Staff ­ ​ The​ ​ chief​ ​ administrative​ ​ officer​ of ​ the​ ​ medical​ ​ staff;​ ​ the​ ​ physician​ or

other​ ​ health​ ​ care professional​ ​ who​ is in ​ charge​ of ​ the​ ​ medical​ ​ staff​ in a ​ hospital​ or ​ health care​ organization

Chief of Surgery ­ ​ a chief of surgery is an attending surgeon in a senior management position at a hospital.

Child’s Services ­ ​ Child Protective Services (CPS) is the name of a governmental agency in many states of the United States that responds to reports of child abuse or neglect.

Chief of Residents ­ ​ The Chief Resident is a senior resident appointed by the Program Director to supervise junior residents, develop rotation schedules, and perform other administrative duties as assigned by the Program Director.

Clinic ­ ​ a place where people get medical help.

Clinical Trial ­ ​ a scientifically controlled study of the safety and effectiveness of a therapeutic agent using consenting human subjects.

Cristina Yang ­ ​ a fictional character from the show ​ Grey’s Anatomy.

Cure ­ ​ something (such as a drug or medical treatment) that stops a disease and makes someone healthy again.

­D­

Dementia ­ ​ a mental illness that causes someone to be unable to think clearly or to understand what is real and what is not real.

Diaper ­​ a piece of cloth or other material that is placed between a baby’s legs and fastened around the waist to hold body waste.

Disease ­ ​ an illness that affects a person.

Derek Shepherd ­ ​ a fictional character from the show ​ Grey’s Anatomy.

Doctor ­ ​ a person who is skilled in the science of medicine.

Drug ­ ​ a substance that is used as a medicine.

Dr. Altman ­ ​ a fictional character from the show ​ Grey’s Anatomy.

Dr. Bailey ­ ​ a fictional character from the show ​ Grey’s Anatomy.

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Dr. Burke ­ ​ a fictional character from the show ​ Grey’s Anatomy.

Dr. Grey ­ ​ a fictional character from the show ​ Grey’s Anatomy.​ Married to Derek Shepherd.

Dr. Hunt ­ ​ a fictional character from the show ​ Grey’s Anatomy. ​ Married to Cristina Yang.

Dr. Karev ­ ​ a fictional character from the show ​ Grey’s Anatomy.

Dr. Kepner ­ ​ a fictional character from the show ​ Grey’s Anatomy. ​ The Chief of Residents at Seattle Grace.

Dr. Montgomery ­ ​ a fictional character from the show ​ Grey’s Anatomy. ​ The ex­wife of Derek Shepherd.

Dr. O’Malley ­ ​ a fictional character from the show ​ Grey’s Anatomy.​ Known to be called “agent 007.”

Dr. Torres ­ ​ a fictional character from the show ​ Grey’s Anatomy. ​ Married Dr. O’Malley but did not realized she was a lesbian.

Dr. Shepherd ­ ​ a fictional character from the show ​ Grey’s Anatomy.

Dr. Sloan ­ ​ a fictional character from the show ​ Grey’s Anatomy.

Dr. Stevens ­ ​ a fictional character from the show ​ Grey’s Anatomy.

Dr. Webber ­ ​ a fictional character from the show ​ Grey’s Anatomy.

Dr. Yang ­ ​ a fictional character from the show ​ Grey’s Anatomy.

­E­ Examine ­ ​ to look at something closely and carefully in order to learn more about it, to find problems, etc.

­G­ Gown ­ ​ a loose piece of clothing that is worn over other clothes during an official event by a judge, a priest, a student, etc.

Gun ­ ​ a weapon that shoots bullets or shells.

­H­ Heart ­ ​ the organ in your chest that pumps blood through your veins and arteries.

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Hospital ­ ​ a place where sick or injured people are given care or treatment and where children are often born.

­I­ Incision ­ ​ a cut made into the body during surgery.

Intern ­ ​ an advanced student or graduate usually in a professional field (as medicine or teaching) gaining supervised practical experience (as in a hospital or classroom).

­L­ Little Grey ­ ​ a fictional character from the show ​ Grey’s Anatomy.

­M­ Marriage ­ ​ the relationship that exist between a husband and a wife.

Mask ­​ a cover or partial cover for the face.

Materials ­ ​ relating to or made of matter.

Medicine ­ ​ a substance that is used in treating disease or relieving pain and that is usually in the form of a pill or a liquid.

Meredith Grey ­ ​ a fictional character from the show ​ Grey’s Anatomy.

Memory ­ ​ the power or process of remembering what has been learned.

­N­ Nurse ­ ​ a person who is trained to care for sick or injured people and who usually works in a hospital or doctor’s office.

Neurosurgeon ­ ​ A neurosurgeon is a Medical Doctor or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine who has completed a five or six­year residency that focuses on the surgical treatment of patients with neurological conditions.

­O­ Operate ­ ​ to have control of (something, such as surgery) O.R. ­ ​ (Operating room) used for surgeries in hospitals by doctors.

Otoscope ­ ​ an instrument with lighting and magnifying systems used for visual examination of the tympanic membrane and the canal connecting it to the exterior of the body.

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­P­ Pager ­ ​ a small radio receiver that beeps to alert the user to an incoming message.

Patient ­ ​ a person receiving or registered to receive medical treatment.

Propose ­ ​ to suggest to a person or group of people to consider.

­R­ Rescue ­ ​ to save (someone or something) from danger or harm.

Resident ­ ​ working regularly at a particular place.

­S­ Scalpel ­ ​ a small knife with a thin, sharp blade that is used in surgery.

Scrubs ­ ​ a tract covered with scrub/ Scrub Cap ­ ​ a cap that covers the head during surgery.

Scientist ­ ​ a person who is trained in a science and whose job involves doing scientific research or solving scientific problems.

Seattle Grace Hospital ­ ​ a fictional hospital in the show ​ Grey’s Anatomy.

Sinkhole ­ ​ a low area or hole in the ground that is formed especially when soil and rocks are removed by flowing water.

Shooter ­ ​ a person shoots a weapon.

Sickness ­ ​ unhealthy condition of body or mind.

Stitch ­ ​ a piece of thread that is passed through a piece of material with a needle.

Surgeon ­ ​ a doctor who performs operations that involve cutting into someone’s body in order to repair or remove damaged or disease parts.

Surgery ­ ​ medical treatment in which doctor cuts into someone’s body in order to repair or remove damaged or diseased parts.

Symptom ­ ​ a change in the body or mind which indicates that a disease is present.

­T­ Technology ­ ​ the use of science in industry, engineering, etc., to invent useful things or to solve problems.

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Trauma ­ ​ a part of the hospital that is specially prepared to perform emergency surgery on people with severe injuries.

Tumor ­ ​ a mass of tissues found in or on the body that is made up of abnormal cells.

­U­ U.S. Department of Health and Services ­ ​ The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is the part of the federal government that's responsible for administering programs that deal with health and welfare

Utensil ­ ​ a simple and useful device that is used for doing tasks. ex: surgeries.

Dedication

I DEDICATE THIS GRAMMAR BOOK MAINLY TO DAMARIS AND ANOUSH, BIG FANS OF ​ GREY’S ANATOMY​ AND ENGLISH. BOTH GIRLS HAVE WATCHED THE WHOLE SHOW… TWICE AND ARE EXCELLENT IN ENGLISH. BUT ALSO DEDICATE THIS BOOK TO THE PEOPLE WHO WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ENGLISH GRAMMAR.

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Works Cited

http://www.chompchomp.com/terms.htm http://www.wikihow.com/Convert­a­word­Document­toEpub http://www.english­grammar­revolution.com/sitemap.html http://esldesk.com/grammar/pronouns http://www.english­grammar­revoluton.com/verb­tenses.html https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/601/03/ http://ww.esldesk.com/grammar/verbs http://www.english­grammar­revolution.com/diagramming­vrbs.h tml#transitive­verbs http://www.english­grammar­revolution.com/list­of­verbs.html#lin king­verbs

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