The Benefits of Healthy Grammar Usuage by Bravo Grammar Con Online

2 The Benefits of Healthy Grammar Usage

Janay P. Ancrum By Janay Ancrum 11/30/2015

Janay Ancrum is a certified grammar doctor with years of studying grammar, sentence parts and much more. Janay first learned to write in 3rd grade continued to write until 12th grade. She continues to write and cure others grammar mistakes today

Table of Contents Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, Conjunctions, Interjections, Key Associated Terms and Quiz Time / Answer Key ......................................................................................................................... 4-19 Phrases , Quiz Time/ Answer Key........................................................................................................... 19-20 Clauses, Quiz Time / Answer Key ........................................................................................................... 20-24 Sentence Parts, Sentence Types, Sentence Patterns, Sentence Errors, Quiz Time/ Answer Key ......... 24-29 Paragraphs, Quiz Time/Answer Key ....................................................................................................... 29-32 Types of Essays....................................................................................................................................... 33-35 Capitalization, Quiz Time/Answer Key………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………35-44 Commonly Misused Words……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..44-47 Glossary ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………49 Works Cited………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….50

A. Types of nouns Common nouns- person, place, or things Ex: patient, hospital, stethoscope 1. Proper nouns- title of a person , place , thing , or idea Ex: Dr. Bravo, USC hospital, Soto st. 2. Compound nouns: words that are used together to make one word. Ex: Wheelchair, staircase, clipboard 3. Concrete nouns: to refer material things , people or places Ex: bed, prescription, scale 4. Abstract Nouns: ideas , qualities , emotions , or attitudes Ex: kind, loyal, blunt B. Noun identifiers 1. Noun Endings: Kindness, ambition, optimism, optimist, mature, attitude, commitment, reliance, attendance 2. Following a noun marker: a , all, an , both , each, every , he , his , my , our , several , some, that, their, these, this, those, one, two, three, etc. Emboldened words are pronouns that funcuntions and noun markers only when they act as adjectives i.e. some boxes are square (“some” acts as as an adjective so it’s a noun marker). Some are square (“some” acts as an noun so it’s not a noun marker) Ex: The nm hospital is boring Ex: The nm waiting room n is fun 3. Plural form: Ex: patients or prescriptions 4. Possessive form: Ex: These are the patient`s prescriptions. 4

Ex: This nm is the doctor`s n clipboard. N

5. Following a preposition Ex: This patient needs a wheelchair because he fell down prep the stairs Ex: The nm doctor n ran up prep the stairsn to get his clipboard n These are some common prepositions: aboard, about, above, according to , across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but, (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except, except for, excluding, for, from, from among, from, between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of , including, in front of, in place, in regard to inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding of, off, on, on account of , on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, via, with, within, without. Note: Sometimes the above words are used as adverbs The patient fell out of bed (adverb) C. Functions (how nouns are used) 1. Subject (comes before the verb) N-V

The doctor s toldv his patient n to exercise more. The crazy adj patient s ran v up prep and down prep the stairs. n.

N-V-N

2. Direct object (comes after the verb and answer what or whom) Ex: The nurse s ran v up and down the stairs DO (ran down the what?) Ex: The nm doctor s threw v his key n at his intern to lock up v (threw what?)

3. Indirect object (answers to who or whom) Ex: The doctor s gavev his patient IO a prescription.

Ex: The nm medical assistant s handed v her boss the lab results IO .

N-V-N

4. Adverbial Object (comes after the verb and answers when) Ex: Medical Examiners s work v all day AO and night AO. Ex: The nm doctor`s s intern typed v the papers DO before nighttime AO 5. Object of the preposition (follows a preposition)

Prep-N

Ex: The nurse s walked out ofprep the room OP to the supply closet to get needles. Ex: The nm doctor s ran v out of prep his office DO to get to the emergency roomN in 5

minutes AO N-LV-N

6. Subject Complement (following a linking verb) Ex: Niciolas s is LV the best doctor SC in this hospital. Ex: Maria S isLV the manager SC ofLV this large ADJ hospital N

N-V-N-N

7. Object Complement (follows a direct object and renames it) Ex: Dr. Nicolas S promoted V Maria DO to be head nurse OC. Ex: MarkS finished V 12 AO yrs of education rightfully earning V the title â&#x20AC;&#x153;Dr.â&#x20AC;? OC 8. Appositives (renames nouns, separated by commas) Ex: A doctorS, who takes careV of patients, is also called a physician APP Ex: Nurse MariaS , who assists V her doctor, is a hard worker APP

N-N

9. Adjectival (describes the noun following it) Ex: The large ADJ hospital N was grayADJ Ex: The nurses` pants s had orange adj stains all over prep them.

N,N or N

10. Noun in Direct Address Ex: Dr. Jamie N where are my meds N? Ex: Nurse Janet N is the meeting at 4 AO or 3 AO?

Gerund- N

11. Object of the gerund

Ex: Nurse Jackie S knew she was winning OG the award OG for the most hours Ex: Dr Mike S ran V the cancer ADJVL race DO and was losing G to nurse Michelle Participle – N 12. Object of the participle (noun that follows a participle) Ex: Dr. Nancy S won the 1st place PARTL in the cancer race. (1st what?) Ex: Dr. Mike s won the last place PARTL award N in LV the cancer ADJVL race. Infinitive – N 13. Object of the infinitive (noun that follows an infinitive) Ex: Dr. Nancy S was happy when she won the cancer race INF (Cancer what?) Ex: Dr. Mike S was sad when he miserably ADJ lost DO in LV the cancer race ADJVL 1. T or F: A noun describes what a word is doing 2. T or F: A noun is a person place or thing 3. T or F: The direct object belongs to the noun 4. T or: The object of the participle follows the infinitive 5. T or F: Nouns in direct objects can be a name 6. T or F: Nouns of the adjectival describes the noun following it 7. T or F: Appositives don’t rename the noun 8. T or F: Objective noun follows the infinitive 9. T or F: The subject complement follows a linking verb 10. T or F: The indirect object answers to who or whom Answer Key 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. T

2. Pronouns Pronouns take the place of nouns that have been established. 7

a. Personal Nominative (subjects)

Objective(objects)

I/we

Me/us

You/you

He, she, it, one , they

Him, her, it/one/them

Ex: We P went to the very small waiting room today. Ex: They PN diagnosed the patient DO at 5:00 AO the other day. b. Relative Nominative

Objective

Possessive

Who

whom that Those/this

Whose

That

of that

3. Interrogative Who,which,what,whatever,whoever Ex: What I is that extremely handsome doctor`s name over there? Ex: Who I takes V care of that patient DO at 10:00 AO in the morning? 4. Reflexive (personal pronouns plus the suffix-self or -selves) a. when the action verb is directed toward the subject of the construction: Ex: He PN works himself RE harder than all of the other doctors.

Ex: Why IN does the nurse S work V so hard to be home by 10:00? Demonstrative This, these, that, those Ex: This D is the lovely spacious doctor`s S office N . Ex: That D is one of the best medical DO staff I know. Indefinante: anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, one, somebody, someone, something, both, few, many, several, all, any, most, none, some Ex: Nobody I is in the doctor`s N office today unfortunanlty Ex: Nobody I knows where the escaped ADJVL patient is right now. Quiz time!!! 1. T or F: He is a pronoun 2. T or F: This is a pronoun 3. T or F: “That” is a demonstrative pronoun 4. T or F: An idefinate noun is “anyone” 5. T or F: A declarative noun makes the statement 6. T or F: Interrogative nouns ask a question 7. T or F: Pronoun take the place of nouns that have been established 8. T or F: “Is” is an indefinante noun 9. T or F: Nobody is an indefiante noun 10. T or F: Someone is a indefinite noun Answer Key 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. F

3. Verbs a. How verbs are identified 1. Verb endings Carried, Cares, Nuturing 2. Tense: Verbs that indicate time via senses 1. simple paste 2. Past 3. Past Perfect 4. Paste Progressive 5. Simple Present 6. Present 7. Present Past 8. Present Progressive 9. Present Perfect

10. Future 11. Future Perfect Forms: a. Forms of “to be” am,are,is,was,were,be,been,being,(These verbs can be used as helping verbs or main verbs. When used as a main verb, they are always linking verbs- true linking verbs are all forms of be, become, and seem b. Forms of “to do”: do ,does, did done doing (These verbs can be used as helping verbs or main verbs) c. Forms of “to have”: have had, has, having(These verbs can be used as helping or main verbs) 4. Types: There are at least 11 types of verbs: a. auxillary verbs (helping verbs)

b. linking (verbs that do not describe action, but connect the subject of a sentence to other parts of the sentence – usually the predicate) c. lexical verbs (main verbs) d. dynamic verbs (indicate action) e. stative verbs (describes a condition) f. finitive verbs (indicate act tense) g. noninfinitive verbs (infinitives or participles) h. regular verbs (weak verbs) i. irregular verbs (strong verbs) j. transitive verbs ( verbs followed by a direct object) k. intransitive verbs ( verbs that do not take direct verbs) 5. Voice: Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action. The English ACTIVE and PASSIVE. 6. Verbals: (Verb forms not used as verbs) a. Gerund: Word ending in “ing” used as a noun. Ex: The research seems to be going well with this patient N . Ex: The doctor N is really enjoying all of his PN time off. B. Participle: Word ending in “ing” or “ed” used as an adjective. The patient N has just left the dark waiting room. The nurse N just walked in to the examing room. C. Infinitive: Verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) Ex: The doctor N had to run INF very fast to his PN appointment. Ex: The patient N had to INF walk with a cane the rest of his life. Adjectives- modify, describe, limit and identify nouns and pronouns Demonstrative Adjectives: they point out nouns (they, that, these those) Ex: Those D are the patients N that want to go home. Ex: These D Doctors N are tired V of LV working V the graveyard shifts. Ex: Those D are the NM interns N who get off of work DO at 5:00 AO. Common Adjectives: a simple regular adjective. It describes a noun in a general way. Ex: The doctor N works hard C all day and night long. Ex: The NM medical examiner N lazily CA does her job DO all day long. 11

Ex: Why do these D coroners N look like they DA are sick C to the NM stomach N? Proper Adjectives: derived from a proper noun is capitalized Ex: The doctor is a strong believer in Chinese PA medicine since he studied in China N. Ex: These DA doctors have all studied in PREP India N so they DA are used to LV conversing V in Indian PA. Ex: Why does this DA mental patient N assume that he PN is a Martian PA from Mars N? Endings -

ful eous y ish ble ial ent less ng ly ar ive

Ex: joyful, spontaneous, accomplish, absorbingly, attainable, Chlamydial, relevant, careless, aborting, abnormally, bipolar, compulsive Ex: Abnormal = Abnormally Absorb = Absorbingly Care = Carless Articles: An adjective which is always used with and gives some information about a noun (a, the, an) Ex: The doctor N is an AR expert ADJ in what he is doing Ex: The forensic nurse N is an A amateur in PREP what he PN is doing Comparatives- comparing two things or persons Superlatives â&#x20AC;&#x201C; comparing three or more persons. Comparatives

Superlatives 12

Sicker

sickest

Heavier

heaviest

Light

Lightest

Adverbs- modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Endings: -ly, - adds - Wise Ex: medically, towards, otherwise Conversions: Medical= Medically Award = Awards Job= Jobwise Intensifiers Intensifiers- Words which are used to add force to the meaning of verbs, adjectives or other adverbs are called intensifiers. Ex: medically, sickly, absorbingly Comparatives: compares two verbs adjectives or adverbs Attend to this DA patient quickly ADV for he PN is doing worse COM than the other patients. Superlative: Compares three or more verbs, adjectives, or adverbs Of all the patients N in PREP this DA hospital I would say that patient is then sickest SUP patient.

Types: Manner: answers the question how? Ex: I watched the patients S very closely M to make sure they took care of themselves. Ex: The N up.

S medical

examiner N watched V the doctor DO very closely M so he PN would not slip 13

Time- answers the question when? The doctor will see you exactly at 5:00 T in the evening. The NM coroner N checks in PREP at exactly 10:00 T at night AO. Place â&#x20AC;&#x201C; answers the question where The surgery will be performed at USC P hospital. The patient N will have to sit in PREP the DO waiting room P. Degree- Answers the question how much The bill S of your stay at the hospital will cost 300.00 D. The medical procedure S you wish to get will cost thousands D of dollars N. Frequency- answers the question of how often. The nurse N will frequently F check on the patient all day long. The doctor N will be here 3 times F this DA week T. Conjunctions- connects words Coordinating: joins parts of sentences For And But Nor Yet So I S would help you with the surgery but CONJ I am not qualified. I s would work V an extra shift at the hospital PL but CONJ I donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t feel like it. Correlative- pairs conjunctions that links words (either, or, neither /nor/not only/ but/ also, / both/ and weather / or/ as / so. Do you S want to check the body before or CP after sunrise? Do you s want the NM shots N or CP the NM medication N?

Subordinate- a conjunction that introduces a subordinate clause (after, though, as, as if, as long as, s thought, because, before, if, in order, that, provided that, since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while) I want the graveyard shift provided S that I get paid more. The nurses S do all the work V while S the doctor does nothing V! Relative Pronouns: connects a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun (who (which refers to people) which (that refers to nonliving object) animals (that may refer to animals or nonliving objects) Ex: Which RP of these doctors used the clean needles N last? Ex: Which RP of these DA doctors N are in charge of these DA hopelessly ADJ confused interns N. Prepositions: Link pronouns and phrases to other parts of speech. Never followed by verbs. Prepositions : about ,above, across, after, against, along, among ,around, at, before, behind, below beneath ,beside, between ,by, down, during, except, for, from, in, in front of, inside, instead, of, into, like, near, of, off, on, onto, on top of, out of, outside, over, past, since, through, to, toward, under underneath, until, up, upon, with, within, without, in back of, alongside Ex: The psychiatrist N ironically has fallen into PREP a deep depression. Ex: The NM nurse S is LV standing ADV in PREP back of PREP the NM patient N. Ex: The NM intern S will stand V right alongside PREP of PREP the NM hard ADJ working N doctor DO. Interjections â&#x20AC;&#x201C; word or phrases used to exclaim or protest a command Interjections: aha, ahem, ahh, ahoy, alas, arg, aw,bam, bingo, blah, boo, bravo, brrr,cheers, congratulations, dang, drat, darn, duh, eek, eh, encore, eureka, fiddlesticks, gadzooks, gee, gee whiz, golly, goodbye, goodness, good grief, gosh ,ha-ha, hallelujah, hello, hey, hmm, holy buckets, holy cow, holy smokes, hot dog, huh?, humph, hurray, oh, oh dear, oh my, oh well, oops, ouch, ow ,phew, phooey, pooh, pow, rats,shh, shoo, thanks, there, tut-tut uh-huh, uh-oh, ugh ,wahoo, well, whoa, whoops, wow, yeah, yes, yikes, yippee, yo, yuck, congraulations Ex: Congratulations INTER you have given V birth to a beautiful baby girl. Ex: Darn! INTER I forgot to get my flu shots DO last week AO. Ex: Bingo! INTER We PN just realized this DA patient N just has a common flu DO. Key associated terms to know the parts of speech Complements â&#x20AC;&#x201C; describes or renames a noun

The nurse N is a hard worker COMP all day and night AO long. Objects Direct â&#x20AC;&#x201C; receives the action of a verb The nurse S gave a shot to the sick child DO. Indirect- receives the action of a verb indirectly The doctor s diagnosed v his PN patient IO with the flu virus DO.

Modifiers- modifies a verb The doctor S ran V up PREP the narrow ADJ staircase quickly MOD. Transitions Transitions of Logic

Milder

Stronger

Addition

a further x and and then then also too next another other nor

further furthermore moreover in addition additionally besides again equally important first, second finally, last

Comparison

just as ... so too a similar x

similarly comparable in the same way

another x like

likewise

Contrast

but yet and yet still otherwise or though but another rather

however still nevertheless on the other hand on the contrary even so notwithstanding for all that in contrast alternatively at the same time though this may be otherwise instead nonetheless conversely

Time

then now soon afterward later shortly earlier recently first, second, third next before after today tomorrow

meanwhile at length presently at last finally immediately thereafter at that time subsequently eventually currently in the meantime in the past in the future

Purpose

to do this

to this end with this object

so that

for this purpose for that reason because of this x

Place

there here beyond nearby next to

at that point opposite to adjacent to on the other side in the front in the back

Result

so and so then

hence therefore accordingly consequently thus thereupon as a result in consequence

Example

that is specifically in particular for one thing

for example for instance an instance of this this can be seen in

Summary and Emphasis

in sum generally after all by the way in general incidentally naturally I hope at least it seems

in short on the whole as I said in other words to be sure in fact indeed clearly of course anyway 18

in brief I suppose

remarkably I think assuredly definitely without doubt for all that on the whole in any event importantly certainly

Expletives – an oath The doctors S practice medicine under the Hippocratic Oath. EXP Agreements: Subject- Verb- correspondence of a verb with its subject and verb. The doctor s walked v very slowly add to the excited add patient. Noun – pronoun agreement – pronoun takes the place of a noun already used The nurses S did not know what to do when they pan saw the doctor passed out. 11. T or F: A noun describes what a word is doing 12. T or F: A noun is a person place or thing 13. T or F: The direct object belongs to the noun 14. T or: The object of the participle follows the infinitive 15. T or F: Nouns in direct objects can be a name 16. T or F: Nouns of the adjectival describes the noun following it 17. T or F: Appositives don’t rename the noun 18. T or F: Objective noun follows the infinitive 19. T or F: The subject complement follows a linking verb 20. T or F: The indirect object answers to who or whom Answer Key 11. F 12. T 13. T 14. T 19

15. T 16. T 17. F 18. T 19. T 20. T

Phrases Prepositional Phrase- Adds meaning to nouns and verbs in our sentences Ex: The patient N ran V out PP of the waiting room and into PP the emergency room. Ex: The NM strong Chinese N doctor lifted the patient off PP of the NM ground N . Appositive- A group of words that include all the words or phrases that modify an appositive. Ex: The new doctor an intern APP made lots of mistakes on his first day. Ex: The NM nurse N a wise woman thought her PN boss did not know what he PN was doing. Verbal: A group of words that begin with a verbal and end with a noun. 1. Gerund: word ending “ing” as a noun Ex: Hardworking VER doctors always make sure they do all of their paperwork N . Ex: Hardworking VER patients S who take care V of themselves PN are healthy patients N . 2. Participle: Word ending in “ing” or “ed” used as a noun. Ex: Working P very hard is essential in PREP the field of medicine . Ex: Helping P out PREP the NM doctor N is a very important job. 3. Infinitive: Verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) used as noun adjectives , or adverbs. Ex: The NM forensic nurse loved to go INF to her PN job. Ex: The NM janitor N despised having to clean INF the NM patients` N beds N. Quiz Time!!! 1. The NM nurse NM a naïve girl ? is in PREP love with her PN doctor. a. verb b. noun 20

c. appositive d. none of the above 2. True or false an appositive ends with a verbal A willing spirit will get you anywhere in the medical field 3. Which one of these are the gerund? a. medical field b. spirit c. willing 4. Which of these is the prepositional phrase? The nauseous lady ran out of the room a. nauseous b. out of c. lady 5. Which of these is the infinitive? The nurse went to work. a. work b. nurse c. went 6. She PN forgot to go ? to the NM doctor N. a. pronoun b. infinitive c. adverb 7. True or False a prepositional ends with a verbal 8. True or False: A participle verbal can end in “ed” or “ing” 9. The NM wise doctor ? knew just what the NM patient N needed. a. infinitive b. appositive 21

c gerund 10. The NM patient N was scared of needles so he PN ran V out ? of the room N . a. adverb b. pronoun c. prepositional Answer Key: 1.C 2. False 3. C 4.B 5.A 6. B 7. False 8.False 9.B 10.C Clauses A. Independent- Can stand alone as a complete sentence know as a simple sentence pattern. Ex: The NM patients N strive to be healthy when they go to INF the NM doctor N . Ex: Everybody in PREP this DN hospital N works V hard to keep their job. B. Subordinate (Dependant): Cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and must begin with a SUBORDINATE CONJUCTION Ex: The NM nurse NM does her PN job everyday to get paid. Ex: Everyone has to go

INF

to the NM doctor N weather they PN want to or not.

1. Noun Clause- Used as the noun in a sentence and may funcuntion as a indirect object as a appositive. Ex: The NM doctor N decided that the NM patient N had been diagnosed with aids. (Ind. Obj) Ex: The NM patient NM knew it was the day he PN had to go INF to the NM doctor N. 22

2. Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clasue A. Some Adjective Clauses begin with an introductory word: This IV is the NM patient N who does not take care of himself PN (“this” is the introductory verb) That IV is the NM doctor N that I was telling you about. (“that” is the introductory word) B. Some Adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns. Dr. Michael is obviously the most accredited doctor in PREP this DN entire hospital N. (Dr. is the ancedant of obviously and is modified by the adjective clause) This DN is the NM doctor N who got the award for LV taking care V of the NM most patients N . NOTE: The relative pronoun has 2 functions. It introduces the clause and is used as a sentence part. Ex: This DN is the NM cute nurse N whom all the NM patients NM want so much. (This is the direct object of want) Ex: That DN is the NM mean doctor N that nobody wants to take INF care V of LV them

PN.

3. Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives and adverbs in an independent clause, introduced by a subordinating conjunctions and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/ or concession. Modifying Verbs: Ex: Only a few people were able to see INF the NM doctor N yesterday AO . (Purpose) Ex: The NM nurse N was in PREP a bad mood so she PREP didn’t want to see INF anybody today AO . (Purpose) Modifying Adjectives: Ex: It was finally time to open INF the NM doors N and see a NM whole new set of patients N . (Purpose) Ex: The day at the NM hospital N seemed twice as long as it normally is. (How much) Modifying Adverbs: Ex: The NM nurse N worked her PN hardest only when she PN was about to get off INF of work. (Time) Ex: The NM intern N worked their PN hardest all day every single day. (Time) 4. Relative Clauses: Dependant clause that begins with a relative pronoun Ex: The NM doctor

who has the most patients is the NM best paid doctor N . 23

Ex: This DN is the NM patient N who sneakily lied about his PN health. 5. Elliptical Clauses: Adverb Clauses in which part of the clause is omitted. Ex: When EC talking V to LV the NM patient N the NM doctor N made sure not to nag INF him PN . Ex: When giving the NM patient N a shot the NM doctor N made sure to take INF caution. 6. Essential Clauses: Clauses that are necessary to the meaning of the sentence. Ex: The NM doctor N is interested in PREP doing his PN research on PREP his PN patients N . Ex: The NM patient N is not excited to go INF to the NM doctor N today AO . 7. Nonessential Clauses: Clauses that are not necessary to the meaning of a sentence. Ex: The NM medical examiner N who hates his PN job finally finished V his PN work. Ex: The NM nurse coroner N who has a weak stomach dissected V the NM body N . Quiz Time!!!!! 1. The doctor ran in to give the man a shot. What does this indicate? A. condition B. purpose C. result 2. The doctor washed his scrubs P1 after he performed surgery P2. Which of these is the nonessential clause? A. part 1 B. part 2 C. none of the above 3. The N doctor NM does a great job? . a. Adverbial Object b. Direct Object c. Adjective Clause d. None of the above 4. The doctor works hard 24

a. Independent Clause b. Adjective Clause

c. Dependant Clause d. None of the Above 4. The patient could barely see the chart. What does this modify? a. adjective b. verb c. adverb 5. The doctor works hard. What type of clause is this? a. Independent Clause b. Adjective Clause c. Dependant Clause d. None of the above 6. The doctor had left his house and then went back to work. Is this essential? a. yes b. no 7. The nurse went home first. a. Elliptical b. Relative 25

c. Nonessential 8. The intern`s notes were 3 times as long as they were before. a. verb b. adverb. c. adjective 9. This hospital has extremely happy patients. What does this modify? a. Adverb b. Relative c. Adjective 10. The doctor loves his job Can this be a independent clause or a dependant clasuse? a. yes b. no Answer Key: 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. A Sentence Parts Subject â&#x20AC;&#x201C; explains what the sentence is about 26

1. Simple subject – a single word of the subject of the verb Ex: The Nurse S likes to run INF in PREP the park before work. Ex: Dr. Nick S likes getting to LV know V his PN patients on PREP a personal level. 2. Compound Subject- A subject that has more than noun. Ex: The nurse S and doctor S both had a sense of empathy for the NM patient N . Ex: The N patients and the staff both S were ready to go INF back home. 3. Complete Subject – who or what is doing the verb plus all the modifiers that go with it Ex: The empathetic nurse CS gave her PN patient wise words of advice. Ex: The angry patient CS angrily marched out PREP of the NM doctor`s N office Predicate- describes what the subject is doing 1. Simple Predicate – verb or phrase Ex: The doctor likes to read thoroughly SP through all of his PN patient`s files. Ex: The nurse S goes to the gym right SP after work to relieve INF the stress. 2. Compound Predicate- two or more verbs or verb phrases. Ex: The nurse likes to listen to music CP right after she leaves work CP. Ex: The doctor S worked P on the first patient and then wrote down notes of the patient CP.

3. Complete Predicate- verbs or phrases with modifiers Ex: The nurse wrote down very sloppy notes CP in PREP her NM notebook. Ex: The doctor S yelled very loudly CP at his PN disrespectful ADJ patient N .

Sentence Types 1. Declarative-A statement Ex: The doctor SIMP is going home in PREP a couple of minutes. Ex: The nurse SIMP does her SIMP job in PREP a professional yet nurturing manner. 2. Imperative- Gives orders Ex: Go V get me the NM doctor N right now , this very instant! 27

Ex: Go V get my medications before I go home N later. 3. Interrogative- Asks questions Ex: Where is the NM forensic nurse SIMP when I need her ? Ex: Why can`t I find my expensive ADJ scrubs N I just bought? 4. Exclamatory- makes a statement with emotion (usually ends in an exclamation mark) Ex: I S can`t find V this patient`s file I just had it! Ex: I S can`t believe I`m not healthy, I`ve been leading a healthy lifestyle! Sentence Patterns 1. Simple- Has only one independent clause Ex: The Doctor IND who loves to go to work goes to work every day IND .

The NM patient N who suddenly got nervous ran V out PREP of the NM hospital N . 2. Complex Sentances- A sentence that contains at least one independent clause and one subordinate clause.

Ex: The doctor S forgot to the patient`s room IND so he PN went home.

Ex: The nurse SUBJ who likes to give shots SUB gave the kid a shot IND.

3. Compound- A compound sentence contains at least two independent clauses. These clauses are joined by a coordinating conjuction or a semicolon.

Ex: The doctor S diagnoses V the NM patient IND while the NM nurse gives the prescriptions IND.

4. Complex-Compound Sentances- has to independent clauses and at least one subordinate clause. Ex: I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t go to work INF today but I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t feel like going to work. 28

Ex: I could have dealt with the patient N but I gave him PN his medicine to put him to sleep. 5. Loose Sentence: A sentence missing an independent clause or subject. Ex: The hospital N is a great place to get INF surgery, to get check ups, and to get follow ups. Ex: The doctor N prescribes, describes ailments, and praises good health. 6. Balanced Sentence: made up of two parts that are roughly equal in length, importance, and grammatical structure. Ex: Bad health is as bad as having one foot in PREP the grave and one foot on a banana peel. Ex: Doctors N are as important as the gravity that holds us down. 7. Periodic Sentence: a sentence which has been deliberately structured to place the main point at the end. Ex: The Dr. NM said despite the foot injury I will be able to run INF again. Ex: Despite all of the complacations the surgery N was a success. 8. Parallel Structure: Parallel structure involves two or more words, phrases or clauses that are similar in length and grammatical form. Ex: Sometimes the nurse N takes of you other times you take of the nurse. Ex: Sometimes the doctor N teaches you other times you teach the doctor N . 9. Chiasmus: is the reversing the order of words in the second of two parallel phrases. Ex: Do you say the doctor N is wrong or does the doctor N say you are wrong? Ex: Do you listen to the NM doctor N or does the doctor N listen to you? 10. Asyndeton: a writing style where conjunctions are omitted in a series of words. phrases or clauses. It is used to shorten a sentence and focus on its meaning. Ex: All the NM nurse N does all day is work, work, work. Ex: All this DN patient N did today was eat, sleep, eat. 11. Polysyndeton : A rhetorical term for a sentence style that employs many coordinating conjunctions (the opposite of asyndeton).

Ex: The NM patient N decided to wait INF and wait and wait. Ex: The NM doctor N said to just sleep and sleep and sleep. 12. Anaphora: Anaphora is a rhetorical term for the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. Ex: I diagnosed yesterday I diagnosed today I will diagnose V tomarrow. Ex: The NM patient N slept all day and the N patient NM ate yesterday. 13. Epistrophe: A rhetorical term for the repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive clauses. Ex: The NM doctor N says my exercising is not enough and my eating is not enough for good health. Ex: Nurses donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t get appreciated enough or work V enough. Sentence Errors (Incomplete/Incorrect Types 1. Run on / Rambling: in which two or more independent clauses are joined without an appropriate punctuation or conjunction. Ex: The NM nurse N looks tired, she PN needs a break. Ex: The NM patient N wants to go INF home , he PN needs to go INF home. 2. Fused: also called a run-on, occurs when a writer has connected two main clauses with no punctuation. Ex: The NM kid N is bored in the NM waiting room N we should get the kid some toys. Ex: The NM patient N is sick we need to get INF the NM patient N some medicine. 3. Fragment: are incomplete sentences. Ex: Patient N left when he PN decided that he PN needed to go INF to. Ex: Doctor left when the NM patient N really needed his

PN help.

4. Misplaced Modifier: is a word, phrase, or clause that is improperly separated from the word it modifies / describes. 30

Ex: The young ADJ intern N disgustingly looked at the big tumor. Ex: The surgeon NM anticipated the very long and old surgery.

5. Double negative: are two negative words used in the same sentence. Ex: The NM doctor N said that I am fat and need to lose weight because I am overweight. Ex: The NM nurse N is lazy and does not do that much work ever. 6. Comma Splice: is the use of a comma to join two independent clauses. Ex: The NM doctor N was tired, the NM doctor N went home late. Ex: The NM nurse N was happy to go INF to work INF , the NM nurse N went to work early. Quiz time!!!! 1. T or F: A simple sentence has 2 independent clause 2. T or F:Comma Splice is proper grammar usage. 3. T or F: Loose sentences have no subject 4. T or F: Anaphora is a successful repititon of words. 5. T or F: Balanced Sentences have to parts roughly equal in length and importance 6. T or F: Predicates have a complete, simple and compound parts. 7. T or F: Declartive Sentances asks questions 8. T or F: Periodic Sentances have the main point at the end 9. T or F: Fused Sentances are complete sentances 10. T or F: Compound Sentences have two or more independent clauses. Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

F F T T T T F T 31

9. F 10. T

Paragraphs A. Introductory Paragraphs (Introductions) 1. Hook (lead) A. Anecdotal (Brief story to set the mood and intro to the topic) Ex: You’re PN in the hospital N. You see lots of smiling faces well maybe you’re not smiling because you’re in the waiting room n but everyone working at the hospital is happy. Everyone there seems to be nice to you and enjoy their n job. But guess what? You too could be in their position someday. B. Query Based (Question that brings the reader the topic) Ex: Are you ready to be in one of the most rewarding careers? 2. Thesis Statements – (the purpose of a piece writing – usually one sentence in length – and something that is arguable.) a. Assentation (claim) Ex: With good health you can enjoy a long ad, happy ad, and healthy life. b. Fact (empirically verifiable) Ex: Medical careers have the top paying jobs. c. Opinion (personal opinion on a topic) Ex: Working in the medical field is one of the best careers. d. Belief (social, religious, or political in nature- an opinion held by many to be a fact, though it is not necessarily Ex: Doctors make the most in the medical field e. Generalization: (uses absolute or statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never, none, most, half – avoid using this type of thesis statement.) Ex: Most of the jobs in the health career are fun. d. Document Based: (cites a specific source and its position on a topic) Ex: “The Bureau of statics – division of the U.S. Department of Labor – makes 10 year employment projections for most job categories, including those in the health field. Their data 32

shows that most of that many of the fastest- growing occupations are found in health services, which are excepted to increase more than twice as fast as the economy as a whole” ( Edith Wischnitzer pg. 6) e. Theory (a statement that can be tested and potentially proven) Ex: Health careers will expantionally grow by 2020 2. Body Paragraphs (must have echoes of the thesis in each and present evidence to support or expand the thesis) a. Topic Sentences (must specifically indicate the topic paragraph and focus on one subject and area of evidence or support) Ex: Many experts agree that the health field is one of the fastest adv. growing careers. b. Evidence from Quotations (quotes should NEVER be used as individual sentences – quotes should be embedded within the sentences) Ex: “However it is certain that our growing and aging population will require enormous healthcare resources” (Edith Wischnitzer 2) c. Paraphrase (rewording a quote into other words of the same length without quotation marks, but still citing the source.) ORGINAL QUOTE “The health –care professions represent one of the largest employment areas in the United States” (Edith Wischnitzer 3) Ex: Health career have the most jobs in the U.S. N d. Summary (condensing larger quotes or sections) Ex: “These professionals educate and advise patients on illness prevention, proper nutrition, and therapeutic management of health management” (Edith Wischnitzer 6) e. Abstract Examples (hypothetical, “what if” examples AVOID) Ex: Health careers are one of the best careers to pursue. d. Concrete Examples (actual, reference-able examples) Ex: The health career has steadily grown since 2004. e. Closing Sentences (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word – possibly an adverb- and should echo the thesis of the essay) Ex: Clearly the health career is one of the best careers to pursue since it continues to grow with more and more job openings.

3. Closing Paragraphs (Conclusions â&#x20AC;&#x201C; should not mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay) a. Statement(s) of the extension (Extending the thesis statement using the consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis â&#x20AC;&#x201C; could be one or more sentences) Ex: The health will continue to grow as well as the opportunities in it. b. Final sentence (connects the hook) Ex: The health career can be one of the most rewarding careers but can you pursue it? Quiz Time!!!! 1. Which if these is a hook? a. Topic Question b. Anecdotal C. none of the above 2. Which of these should you avoid using? a. Abstract Examples b. Generalization c. All of the above 3. Which of these is documentary evidence? A. evidence in a book B. evidence from a website C. evidence from a show 4. Are you ready to be in the medical field? Is an example of what? a. Conclusion b. Thesis c. Evidence 5. What does the final sentence do? A. hooks the reader B. makes the reader think C. connects the hook 34

6. Closing Paragraphs should: A. not be summaries B. should connect the hook C. should say a statement D. all of the above 7. Which of these would you use as evidence? a. A statistic B. an opinion C. a belief 8. A body paragraph should: A. should hook the reader B. state evidence relative to the thesis C. ask questions 9. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The best careers are health careersâ&#x20AC;? is an example of a A. generalization B. thesis statement C. conclusion paragraph 10. Concrete examples are: A. opinions B examples that can be referenced C. none of the above Answer Key 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C 35

6. D 7. A 8. B 9. A 10.b

A. Types of Essays A. Persuasive A persuasive essay is an essay that uses logic and idea to persuade the reader to show why one idea is better than another idea. It must use reasoning through facts, logical reasoning, examples, and quoting experts. a. Expository 1. Definition or Description- These explain the meaning of a word, topic, or concept. 2. How to- How essays (sometimes called process essays) explain a procedure or stepby-step process to the reader. 3. Compare and Contrast essay- These are essays that compare and contrast people, places, or things. 4. Cause and effect- these explain how 2 or more things effect each other and depending on each other. The writer must identify the relationship between the objects on what cause something and the effects of it. b.

Analytical/Critical- This is a subjective writing that expresses the writer`s opinion or evaluation of the text. 1. Evaluative writing includes making judgement on the quality of something 1. Interpretive a. Narrative- A narrative tells a story. 1. Personal Anecdote: A Personal Anecetodote is a short account of a particular incident or event, especially of an amusing nature. b. Research 1. MLA Format Step 1: Type your paper on an 8.5x11 paper 36

Step 2: Double space your paper and use a reasonable font (ex: 12) Step 3: Leave space after periods and punctuation marks. Step 4: Set the margins to 1 in on all sides Step 5: Indent the first line of each paragraph Step 6: Create a header on the upper right hand corner that numbers all of your pages. Step 7: Use italics throughout the essay for the titles of longer works and use emphasis when necessary. Step 8: If you have any endnotes include them right before the works cited page. APA format Your paper should consists of four sections: 1. Title 2. Page 3. Abstract 4. References Timed 1. Document Based Question (DBQ) - A document based question is an essay that answers questions using evidence as support from provided resources. 2. Prompt Based Essay- An essay that gives tells the writer what to write about and a basic research idea. B. Strategies/Planning Tips/ Steps 2. Pre-writing/Prompt Analysis/Outlining Step 1: Choose your position on the topic. Know the purpose of your essay Step 2: Do through research on your topic. Use legitimate sources and facts on your topic. Take notes if needed Step 3: Outline your essay. Find out what evidence you will include as well as the order you will put it in. Step 4: Write your first draft of your essay. Step 5: Edit your essay. Revise it for changes and grammar mistakes. Step 6: Write as many drafts as possible until you feel comfortable enough with your essay. Step 7: Write the final draft of your essay. C. Works cited page a. MLA format -

Contributors' names. "Title of Resource." The Purdue OWL. Purdue U Writing Lab, Last edited date. Web. Date of access. 37

b. APA format

Contributors' names (Last edited date). Title of resource. Retrieved from http://Web address for OWL resource Quiz Time!!! 1. How many drafts can you write? a. 1 b. as many as you need c. none 2. Which of these essays tells a story? a. defintion/description b. narrative c. cause and effect 3. What do you do after you have picked and researched a topic a. take notes b. outline your essay c. start your 1st draft 4. Which of these informs the reader? a. Expository b. narrative c. compare and contrast 5. Which of these explain the cause of a subject and then explain the effects of the subject a. process/how to b. cause and effect c. personal anectodote 6. What kind of paper should you type a MLA format paper on? a. 17x11 b.3x4 c.8.5x11 7. Which of these essays is an essay were the writer is given a topic to write about and a basic research topic? a. Personal Anectdote b. Prompt based c. Cause and Effect 8. T or F: You double space your paper in MLA format 9. T or F: Take notes after you research a topic 10. T or F: In APA format your paper includes a abstract section' Answer Key 38

1.b 2.b 3. a 4.a 5.b 6.c 7.b 8. T 9. T

10. T Capitalization Rules of capitalization. 1. ALWAYS capitalize the first letter of a sentence Ex: The NM nurse N had to prep INF the NM patient N for surgery. 2. ALWAYS capitalize people`s names Ex: Doctor Jasmine was excited to perform her first heart surgery. 3. ALWAYS capitalize initials Ex: Doctor Jasmine`s patient was M.I.A. on the day of the surgery. 4. ALWAYS capitalize the months of the year. Ex: Nurse Patrice`s first day of work was on May 18. 5. ALWAYS capitalize the words I and I`m Ex: The NM nurse N says that I will be just fine. 6. ALWAYS capitalize the days of the week Ex: The NM Doctor N will be in PREP on PREP Tuesday of next week. 7. ALWAYS capitalize holidays and the word after it. Ex: The NM hospital NM will be closed all day on Christmas Eve. 8. ALWAYS capitalize countries, states, and cities Ex: They are going to build a NM hospital NM in Nevada.

9. ALWAYS capitalize the names of street and the direction (N, S, E, and W) that comes before or after the street name; and the word that describes street type. Ex: The NM hospital N is located on PREP Hudson St. Las Vegas, Nevada. 10. ALWAYS capitalize names of specific buildings Ex: There are many Kaiser Permanents in PREP California N State alone. 11. ALWAYS capitalize the names of mountains Ex: The NM faculty N is fundraising an expedition on PREP Mt. Kilimanjaro. 12. ALWAYS capitalize the names of specific parks. Ex: The NM entire faculty N is going to Yellowstone National Park tomorrow. 13. ALWAYS capitalize specific bodies of water. Ex: The NM patient N in PREP the NM next room N hurt himself PN in PREP the Mississippi River. 14. ALWAYS capitalize titles that precede names (Mr., Mrs., and Dr.). Ex: Dr. Maria N will be here in exactly 1 hr. 15. ALWAYS capitalize the titles of books. Ex: Have you read the NM famous book To Kill a Mocking Bird that Dr. Maria keeps recommending? 16. ALWAYS capitalize the titles of songs, movies, and TV shows. Ex: Why is someone playing Without You over the NM intercom N ? 17. ALWAYS capitalize the title of newspapers. Ex: The New York Times wrote a lengthy ADJ article about this hospital. 18. ALWAYS capitalize the names of magazines. Ex: This DN hospital N was featured in the Health magazine last month. 19. ALWAYS capitalize the names of poems. Ex: In PREP the NM waiting room N they posted “Annabelle Lee” by Edgar Allan Poe. 20. ALWAYS capitalize the first letter of EACH word in a greeting of a letter. Ex: “Dear Kaiser hospital N I really like your waiting rooms. 21. ALWAYS capitalize only the first word of the closing is capitalized. Ex: Sincerely one of your loyal, healthy, and long-time patients N . 22. Do NOT capitalize titles that do not precede/come before a name. Ex: We PN ate dinner with the NM famous Dr. N Lee yesterday. 23. Capitalize the SPECEFIC studies or languages. Ex: In the medical field it is good to be fluent in PREP the language Spanish. 24. DO NOT capitalize the seasons. Ex: Around the time of fall it is cold and flu season. 40

25. DO NOT capitalize names of activities such as football, softball, soccer, band, etc., unless they are part of an entire team name. Ex: Nurse Janay`s favorite basketball team is the LA Clippers. Quiz time!!!!! 1. jasmine hates basketball Which of these should be capitalized? a. Basketball b. Jasmine c. Hates 2. Which of these should be capitalized? She works at the children`s hospital a. She b. Children`s Hospital c. Works 3. T or F: Always capitalize the first letter of a sentence 4. T or F: Always capitalize titles of books 5. T or F: Always capitalize names 6. T or F: Always capitalize names of activates 7. T or F: Always capitalize adjectives 8. T or F: Always capitalize the closing of a letter 9. T or F: Always capitalize the spelling of numbers 10. T or F: Never capitalize titles of songs. Answer Key: 1. B 2. B 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 41

7. F 8. T 9. F 10. F Punctuation 1. Brackets are used for clarification Ex: The NM Dr. N brought her PN [his daughter] to work the other day. Ex: The NM nurse N brought him PN [her husband] to work INF last week. 2. Parenthesis are used to provide extra information. Ex: The NM Dr. NM (and his PN assistant) supervised a heart surgery. Ex: The intern (and his colleagues) watched in amazement as the NM doctor N worked. 3. A period is used to end a sentence. Ex: The NM Dr. N went home at 8:00 last night. Ex: The heart surgeon PN was exhausted after yesterday`s surgery. 4. Comma has many uses. Some are used to list, to separate the FANBOYS conjunctions, used after introductory, clauses or phrases, to separate three or more words, phrases or clauses listed in a sentence, used to separate coordinative adjectives, to set off geographical names, items in dates, addresses and titles in names, they are used to shift dialogue, and to prevent confusion and reading. Ex: I thought I was leaving today, but the NM doctor N wants to keep INF me in PREP for observation. Ex: The NM eye doctor N said I have astigmatism, near sidedness, and farsideness. 5. The hyphen is mostly used to combine compound terms. Ex: Tomorrow I have to check-in INF to work INF because I used all of my sick days. Ex: Today I check - out of the NM hospital N after three days of observation. 6. The en dash is used to represent a span of numbers, dates or time. Ex: Dr. Maria worked ADV here from 1999-2019 before she PN retired. Ex: The NM doctor N might keep me here 2-3 days longer. 7. The colon is used to introduce a list, to separate independent clauses when the second explains or illustrates the first, and for emphasis. 42

Ex: After 5 minutes of waiting for the N tests NM to come INF in PREP I got my results: I`m pregnant. Ex: Nurses have so much value: they PN basically run the NM hospitals N . 8. The semi colon is used between two independent clauses. Ex: The NM patients N are upstairs; the NM staff N is down stairs. Ex: The NM doctors N park in PREP the NM parking lot N; the NM patients N park in PREPthe Street. 9. Question marks are used to end a sentence asking a question. Ex: When are you going to pay INF a visit to the NM doctor N ? Ex: Where are the NM interns N when I really need them? 10. An exclamation mark is used to express emotion. Ex: Eat V healthy or else there will be dire consequences! Ex: I said fix this DN poor patient`s PN heart right now! 11. The apostrophes are used for 3 things: contractions, plurals, and possessive. Ex: The Dr. `s orders were to stay in PREP bed N for the next 2-4 days. Ex: Let`s go to the NM doctor`s N office to get our flu shots. 12. Quotation marks are used to reproduce material that is being used for word for word or for dialogue. Ex: “Where are the NM nurses N ?” he PN said “They are all gone” she PN said. Ex: The NM doctor N specifically said “Eat V healthy and exercise and you will live a long life.” 13. Ellipses are used to indicate an omission in writing, or indicate a trailing thought Ex: “Where are all the nurses?” she said “Well you see… they kind of just… disappeared” he said Ex: “So have you been following all of the guidelines I told to you to?” The doctor said “Well not all of them.” The patient said. Quiz time!!! 1. What is missing in this sentence? a. Have you seen my prescription a. Period b. Exclamation c. Question mark 2. T or F: period are used to end sentences 3. What is a semicolon used for? 43

a. To split two independent clauses b. To end a question c. To end a sentence 4. Is this comma used right? This patient, went to the doctor yesterday. a. Yes b. No 5. What does this sentence need? a. The doctors work all day the nurses work all night. a. Comma b. Period c. Semicolon 6. T or F: A colon splits up 2 independent clauses 7. T or F: Ellipses end an sentence 8. T or F: Exclamation marks are used to express emotion 9. T or F: Brackets are used for clarification 10. T or F: Quotation marks can used for dialogue Answer Key 1. C 2. T 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. T 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. T Commonly confused words 44

1. Who/ Whom Who is used as a subject while whom is used as the object of a verb or preposition Ex: Who has been in PREP the NM patient`s N pill box today? Ex: To whom can I leave this DN message from the NM doctor`s N office? 2. Their/There/ They`re There is used when referring to a place Ex: The NM nurse N does not want to go INF inside there again after the 3rd time. Their is used to indicate possession Ex: The NM nurses N knew that if the doctor messed up it would be their fault. They`re is used just a shorter version of they are. Ex: They`re all going to get INF surgery next Tuesday if everything goes right 3. Lie/Lay Lay means to put something (or someone) down Ex: The NM strong ADJ nurses N gently began to lay the weak ADJ patient on PREP his PN bed. Lie means to rest or recline Ex: The NM doctor N recommend I lie in PREP bed N for the next 3 weeks. 4. Laid/ Lain Laid is the past tense verb of the word lay Ex: The patient laid down in PREP her PN bed uneasily when she PN realized the sheets N were not washed. Lain is the past tense verb for the word lie Ex: After the NM patient N had lain down his PN weary body he PN fell into a restless sleep. 5. Affect/ Effect Affect is to change something or influence it. Ex: The NM patient`s N detrimental lifestyle habits affected his PN condition for the worst. Effect is when something happens due to a cause. Ex: The effects of CONJ an unhealthy lifestyle can be obesity, heart attack, etc. 6. Accept/ Except Accept is to receive Ex: This DN patient N refuses to accept INF the proper medical care. Except is to exclude Ex: Everything is ok with this DN patient`s N health except his PN blood pressure. 7. Should`ve vs. Should of Should`ve is indicates a missed opportunity in the past or obligation and is often confused with should of Ex: I should`ve eaten well than I would not have a gruesome ADJ case of diabetes. 8. Loath/ Loathe 45

Loath is unwilling Ex: The PN doctor N loathes to admit INF he PN secretly loves his PN job. Loathe is to hate something Ex: The NM patient N loathes going to the doctor every 6 months 9. Infer/ Imply Infer means to make an educated guess. Ex: The NM doctor N infers this DN patient N may have something worse than the flu. Imply is to hint at something Ex: The NM doctor N continually implied that the NM patient N needed to lose INF some weight. 10. Wary/Weary Wary is to be on guard for something. Ex: The NM doctor N was wary of the impending cold/flu season. Weary is to be physically tired or weak. Ex: The NM weary ADJ doctor N worked on PREP his PN last patient N for the day. 11. Proceed/Precede Proceed means to continue Ex: The doctor had to proceed INF with the NM patient`s N heartbreaking diagnoses. Precede means to go forward Ex: The N doctor`s NM reputation repeatedly preceded him PN all the time. 12. Discrete/Discreet Discrete is to separate from other. Ex: The NM patient N seemed as if he PN wanted to discrete INF from the doctor. Discreet is to be cautious Ex: The NM doctor N discreetly showed the patient his terrible results. 13. Conscience/ Conscious Conscious is when you are self aware and awake Ex: The NM patient N was conscious of the terrible lifestyle habits he was creating. Conscience is a capacity to look at oneself and render judgment on about oneself, bear witness to oneself. Ex: The NM patient`s N conscience was messing with him PN when he PN began to eat INF unhealthy foods. 14. Can/May Can is used for ability. Ex: The nurse can easily help out the NM patients N when he PN has access. May is used for permission Ex: The NM nurse N may look at the doctor`s N clipboard if she PN wants to. 15. Emigrate/Immigrate 46

Emigrate means to exit a country. Ex: All of the NM immigrants N who were going to emigrate needed to go INF to the NM doctor N first. Immigrate means to exit a country. Ex: The immigrants who immigrated had to go INF to the NM doctor N before entering the country 16. Principle/Principal A principal is the head of a school. Ex: The NM doctor N had a lot of principals coming in to get INF the flu shot. A principal is a basic truth or law. Ex: The NM doctor N taught all of his PN patients the principles of health. 17. Your/ You`re Your is used to indicate possession Don`t forget to eat INF your fruits and vegetables every day. You`re is the short version of you are. Ex: You`re going to have INF to get the flu soon before the season starts. 18. Set/Sit Set is to put something in to place. Ex: The NM doctor N set the NM clipboard N down before leaving works. Sit means to be seated The N nervous ADJ patient N decided to sit INF down before hearing the results. 19. To/Too To is a preposition Ex: The doctor decided to leave INF work early last week. Too is used when adding information Ex: As well as eating right it`s good to exercise INF too. 20. Elicit/ Illicit Elicit is means to bring out or provoke. Ex: The nagging patient was going to elicit INF the NM doctor N to give INF him PN the wrong diagnoses. Illicit means something unlawful. Ex: It is wrong for a doctor N to have INF an illicit affair with their patients. Quiz Time!!!! 1. T or F: to and too are the same thing 2. T or F: Proceed means to go forward 3. T or F: Immigrate means to exit a country

4. T or F: Too is used to add extra information 5. T or F: Illicit is unlawful 6. T or F: can is used for permission 7. T or F: principal are basic laws in life 8. T or F: loath is to be unwilling 9. T or F: Their is used to indicate possession 10. T or F: Discrete is to be cautious Answer Key 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. F

Glossary Noun- Person , place or thing (pg 1 under nouns) Pronouns- Takes the place of a established noun (pg 5) Adjectives- Modify, describe and limit pronouns (pg. 9) Adverbs- Modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs (pg.11) Interjections- words or phrases used to to exclaim or protest a command (pg.13) Independent Clause- Can stand alone as a complete know as a simple sentence pattern (pg.19) Subordinate Clause- Cannot stand alone as subordinate independent clause (pg 20) Subject of a Sentence- explains what a sentence is about.(pg 24) Predicate-describes what the subject is doing. (pg.24)

Works Cited http://www.chompchomp.com/menu.htm http://www.chompchomp.com/terms.htm http://www.easybib.com http://www.english-grammar-revoloution.com/sitemap/html https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/