Marvel Book of Writing by Bravo Grammar Con Online

CONTENTS

TABLE OF 4 5

INTRODUCTION

SECTION 1: PUNCTUATION AND CAPITALIZATION

Section II: Parts of Speech

Section III: PHRASES AND CLAUSES

21 24 28

Section IV: SENTENCES

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Section V: PARAGRAPHS Section VI: ESSAYS 3

INTRODUCTION

I am a big fan of Marvel and I can’t even remember when I first became a fan because I just know it was a logn time ago. It’s become a part of my life to the point where I’m including it in school work like this book of Marvel. I love the way the franchise just keeps growing, especially in regards to the

Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). There are so many movies and shows now and the way it all comes together in the end is just amazing. I think this is cool because when you think about writing, it’s also structured in a certain way that when it’s done, it leads you to the big picture.

The MCU set up the Avengers for so much and ultimately ended with the biggest movie of the year in 2019 — Avengers: Endgame. My book of writing is similar in this way and so is writing in general. First you have to start out with introducing the characters or in this case, learning the basics of writing such as grammar and sentences. Then after you learn the basics, you can piece things together like a puzzle. For example, once we got introduced to the different characters for the MCU when they were first setting up the Avengers, they proceed to connect

them and have them come

together in one movie, The

Avengers. In writing, once you

learn about the simple

things, you can start putting

them together to

create paragraphs. In

the end, you

have those parts come

together to

create the big picture

like Endgame

or whole essays in

writing.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR My name is Karla Cardenas and I come from a family of 4 although technically 5 because we have a dog named Benji. I am a big fan of Marvel and I enjoy watching the movies and new shows that have been coming out. I have quite a few hobbies like playing video games, photography, and digital art. When I have free time I also like to binge watch shows. I like taking pictures of stuff when I go out and I enjoy editing them afterwards or when I’m bored. I recently got into digital art during the pandemic because I’ve seen some online and it looked really cool so I wanted to try it out and I enjoy it.

I learned to write from my teachers at school. They have been teaching

me for such a long time and I feel like every year I learn new ways to improve. I really liked my English teachers in middle school because I always learned something from them and I usually developed a good relationship with them too. We would have to write journals for class and that was really fun for me because I got to write about anything I wanted and most of the time I made up stories about my dog going on adventures that I thought were funny. Although I don’t read as much as I used to, I think reading also helped me because I would learn new words and approaches to writing.

SECTION I PUNCTUATION and CAPITALIZATION Punctuation – Identify the functions of each mark and create one (1) example sentence of the usage 1. . Period: Ends a sentence or abbreviates a word. a. Welcome to the Marvel universe. 2. , Comma: Whatever is in front or behind it, can switch places. a. At Midtown High, Peter can be seen hanging out with his best friend Ned. 3. – Em Dash: Draw emphasis on what comes next; Can replace a coma, parenthesis, and sometimes a colon. a. In the end there was only one way to defeat Thanos — Iron man had to make the ultimate sacrifice. 4. - En Dash: Used to hyphenate words. a. I like all the Spider-Man movies. 5. : Colon: Whatever comes after the colon is directly related to the last thing said before; Used to give out lists, definitions, or responses. a. The original six Avengers: Black Widow, Thor, Hulk, Captain America, Iron Man, Hawkeye. 6. ; Semi-Colon: Used to connect multiple independent clauses that are related. a. I love all of the Captain America movies; Captain America: The First Avenger is probably my favorite of the three. 7. ? Question Mark: Ends an interrogative sentence. a. Who’s your favorite Marvel character? 8. ! Exclamation Mark: End an exclamatory sentence and use emphasises. a. Wanda’s transformation to the Scarlet Witch in Wandavision was so cool! 9. ‘ Apostrophe: Indicate possession and used for contractions; Can be used as a quote mark. a. You know you’re worthy when you can lift Thor’s hammer. 10. “” Quotation Mark: Indicates it comes from somewhere else. a. Shuri once said, “Just because it works, doesn’t mean it can’t be 6 improved.”

11. … Ellipsis: Can end a sentence and leave the rest of a long sentence unsaid or indicate hesitation. a. Clint and Nat were both in charge of getting the soul stone… When they got to Vormir they realized one of them had to trade their lives for it. 12. [ ] Brackets: Indicate that something can be inserted. a. “He’s [Loki] adopted!” 13. ( ) Parenthesis: Parenthetical which means it might be useful to know, but not necessary. a. After Steve wasn’t able to lift Mjolnir, (he wasn’t worthy due to keeping the real reason Tony’s parents died from him) he finally did later in Endgame and everyone was excited. 14. / Backslash: Indicates a choice. a. Captain Marvel / Thor / Wanda may be the strongest Avenger.

Capitalization – Identify and create one (1) example sentence for each rule of capitalization. 1. Capitalize the first word of a sentence a. Phase 4 of Marvel started off with Wandavision and has already been planned out for the next few years. 2. Capitalize and other proper nouns a. Peter Parker lives in New York with his Aunt May. 3. Don’t capitalize after a colon (usually) a. New York: The city that’s been through so much destruction due to all the battles fought there. b. Heroes usually go out the same way: sacrifice. 4. Capitalize the first word of a quote (sometimes) a. Steve and Bucky always have a saying, “I’m with you ‘till the end of the line, pal.” 5. Capitalize days, months, and holidays, but not seasons a. Iron Man was the movie that started the MCU which came out on May 2, 2008. 7

6. Capitalize most words in titles a. As much as I love all the Marvel movies, my favorite one may be Captain America: The First Avenger. 7. Capitalize cities, countries, nationalities, and languages a. If superheroes existed in real life, New York wouldn’t be such a safe place to live in. 8. Capitalize time periods and events (sometimes) a. Both Steve and Bucky fought in World War II.

SECTION II: PARTS OF SPEECH Nouns Types of nouns: Common Nouns: name a class of people, places, things, or ideas. • Heroes, villains, civilians, cities, planets Proper Nouns: give the name or title of a particular person, place, thing, or idea (must be capitalized). • New York, Vormir, Asgard, Peter Parker Compound Nouns: consist of words used together to form a single noun. • Hawkeye, Northstar, airport, Yellowjacket, Quicksilver Concrete Nouns: refer to material things, to people, or to places. • Shield, hammer, quinjet, infinity stones Abstract Nouns: name ideas, qualities, concepts, emotions, or attitudes. • Mighty, worthy, furious, death, morals Functions (How nouns are used): Subject (comes before the verb) • Steve said, “on your left” each time he passes Sam. Direct Object (comes after the verb and answers what or whom) • Thor asked Steve if he was worthy enough to lift his hammer. Indirect Object (answers to who or to whom) • Loki wanted to make the people of New York his subjects.

Pronouns Pronouns take the place of nouns that have been established. Personal: Nominative (subjects)

Objective (objects)

I/we me/us you/you you/you He, she, it, one/they him, her, it, one/them

Possessive

My, mine Your, yours His, her, hers, its, one’s Relative: Nominative who That

our, ours your, yours their, theirs

Objective

Possessive

whom that those/ this

whose of that

Interrogative: • who, which, what, whatever, whoever Reflexive: (personal pronouns plus the suffix –self or –selves) Used only: when the action verb is directed toward the subject of the construction: • He compares himself too much to others. • She trained herself in every form of combat. to intensify a point: • Thanos himself wants to wipe out half the universe in order to try and save it. Demonstrative: this, these

that, those

Indefinite: all, another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, few, many, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, somebody, someone, such.

Verbs

Verbs show the time, action, and state of being of a subject Tense: verbs indicate time via tenses: simple past past past perfect past progressive

simple present present perfect present progressive present perfect future present progressive future perfect

Types: There are at least eleven (11) types of verbs: auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) linking verbs (verbs that do not describe action, but connect the subject of a sentence to other parts of the sentence – usually the predicate) lexical verbs (main verbs) dynamic verbs (indicate action) stative verbs (describe a condition) finitive verbs (indicate tense) nonfinitive verbs (infinitives or participles) regular verbs (weak verbs) irregular verbs (strong verbs) transitive verbs (verbs followed by a direct object) intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take direct objects) Voice: Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action. The English language has two voices: ACTIVE and PASSIVE. Active: The Avengers go on lots of dangerous missions. Passive:The Sokovia Accords have brought division amongst the Avengers. Verbals: (VERB FORMS NOT USED AS VERBS) Gerund: word ending in “ing” used as a noun. • Kate Bishop enjoys training in archery. Participle: word ending in “ing” or “ed” used as an adjective • The Young Avengers don’t care that they are disobeying orders not to go out. Infinitive: verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs • Peter likes to swing around New York for fun sometimes. 12

Adjectives Adjectives modify, describe, limit, and identify nouns and pronouns. Kinds: Demonstrative, Common, Proper • Those ; Brave ; Superhuman

Adverbs Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.

Endings –ly, -wards, -wise

• Peter awkwardly looked at Happy and Aunt May. • He looked towards the direction of the lightning because he knew Thor was near. • Cassie had to control her emotions otherwise she’d keeping growing and shrinking when she got angry.

Conversions

Coward → Cowardly /// Heroic → Heroically /// Sarcastic → Sarcastically Types: • Manner, Frequency, Degree, Place, Time Example Types: (Create one example each related to your subject) Manner – Steve quickly ran after Bucky when he saw him. Time – Kate and Clint occasionally argue but they solve their own problems. Place – Nat was willingly here as a friend for Steve after Peggy died. Degree – Kate has incredibly good aim. Frequency – Kate consistently hits all her targets.

Conjunctions • Coordinating (FANBOYS): for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so • Correlative: Either/or; neither/nor; not only/but also; both/and; whether/ or; as/so • Subordinate: after, though as, as if, as long as, as thought, because, before, if, in order that, provided that, since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while • Relative pronouns: who (refers to people), which (refers to nonliving object or animals), that (may refer to animals or nonliving objects) 13

Prepositions Prepositions link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts of the sentence. Prepositions are NEVER followed by verbs. There are one-word prepositions and complex prepositions. These are some common one-word prepositions: • aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except, except excluding for, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding, of, off, on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, without.

Interjections

Interjections are the final part of speech.

A – Ahh, ahoy, aha, ahem, alas, arrggh, aw B – Blah, brrr, bingo, bravo, bam, bazinga, bleh, boo, boo-yah, bah humbug C – Cheers, congrats, catching, cripes, crud D – Damn, darn, darnit, dang, drat, duh, dear, E – Eureka, eek, eh, er, encore, eww F – Fie, fiddlesticks, fooey G – Gak, gee, geez, golly, good grief, goodness, goodness gracious, gosh H – Hey, hmm, hooray, huh, hello, ha, ha-ha, holy cow, hallelujah, holy smokes, humph, hurray, hot dog, huh? K – Ka-ching O – oh, oh dear, oh my, oh my God, oh well, ouch, ow, oww, oops, oy, ooh la-la, P – Phooey, presto, please, pshaw, pow, phew, pooh R – Rats, roger that, right on S – shoo, shh, shoop-shoop, T – Tut-tut, thanks, U – Uh-huh, uh-oh, ugh, um, umm V – Viva, voila W – Whammo, wham, whew, whoa, wow, whoops, Y – Yay, yeah, yikes, yippee, yes, yuck, yum, yo, yahoo, yummy Z – Zap 14

Transitions of Logic Chart Milder

Addition

Comparison

Contrast

Stronger

a further and and then then also too next another other

further furthermore moreover in addition additionally besides again equally important first, second finally, last

just as ... so too a similar another... like

similarly comparable in the same way

but yet and yet still otherwise or though but another rather

however still nevertheless on the other hand on the contrary even so notwithstanding for all that in contrast alternatively at the same time though this may be otherwise instead nonetheless conversely

Time

Purpose

Place

Result

then now soon afterward later shortly earlier recently first, second, third next before after today tomorrow

meanwhile at length presently at last finally immediately thereafter at that time subsequently eventually currently in the meantime in the past in the future

to do this so that

to this end with this object for this purpose for that reason because of this in order to

there here beyond nearby next to

at that point opposite to adjacent to on the other side in the front in the back

so and so then

hence therefore accordingly consequently thus thereupon as a result in consequence

Example

Summary and Emphasis

that is specifically in particular for one thing

in sum generally after all by the way in general incidentally naturally I hope at least it seems in brief I suppose

for example for instance an instance of this this can be seen in

in short on the whole as I said in other words to be sure in fact indeed clearly of course anyway remarkably I think assuredly definitely without doubt for all that on the whole in any event importantly certainly

SECTION III: PHRASES AND CLAUSES Phrases - groups of words that function as a part of speech Noun Phrase: A group of words consisting of nouns or pronouns and their modifiers that function as a noun. • The Young Avengers just wanted to be taken seriously by everyone. Verb Phrase: A group of words consisting of verbs working together and that function as a verb. • Peter was worried he would be proving Tony right about not being ready if he messed up on his mission. Prepositional Phrase: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and functions as an adjective or an adverb. • ‌Peter snuck aboard the spaceship to go after Tony after he was captured. Appositive Phrase: A group of words that include all the words that modify an appositive and function as an adjective - IT MUST BE SURROUNDED BY COMMAS. • Wanda Maximoff, a very powerful witch, finally got her name as the Scarlet Witch in the MCU. Verbal Phrases: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun. Gerund Phrase: verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun. • Revealing the truth about Tony’s parents led to Steve finally becoming worthy enough to lift Mjolnir. Participial Phrase: word ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed (past participle) that functions as an adjective. • ‌The Sokovia Accords left the divided team fighting against each other. Infinitive Phrase: verb preceded by the word “to” (to read, to study, to write) that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. • ‌Sam felt a lot of pressure when he realized it was time to take up the mantle as the new Captain America. 18

Clauses Clauses - groups of words with BOTH a subject and a verb that function as parts of speech. There are TWO kinds: Independent and Dependent (called “Subordinate”) INDEPENDENT: CAN stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern. • ‌The Young Avengers were formed as a backup that the Vision had created in case the Avengers ever disbanded. DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) – CANNOT stand alone as a complete sentence and MUST begin with a SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION. There are (7) kinds: Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive. • Thor knew what he had to do the second time he faced Thanos — go for the head. Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause. Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word: • Vormir is where sacrifices had to be made to get the soul stone. (“where” is an introductory word) Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns: • Billy and Tommy are the ones who were said to be Wanda’s twins born from magic. (ONE is the antecedent of WHO and is modified by the adjective clause.)

Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause, introduced by a subordinate conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or concession. Modifying verbs: • Iron lad had to go back to the future because Kang threatened to kill his friends. (purpose) Modifying adjectives: • ‌Kate Bishop is as great an archer as Clint Barton. (to what extent) Modifying adverbs: • Peter studied harder than most of his classmates because he liked school. (condition) Relative Clause: Dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun. • He who is worthy will be able to lift Mjolnir. Elliptical Clause: Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted. • The Young Avengers formed because of a fail-safe program in case anything happened to the Avengers. Essential Clause: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence. • While fighting, Tony realized the only way they would win was if he used the gauntlet himself. Non-essential Clause: Clauses that are NOT necessary to the meaning of the sentence. • Peter Parker, after being bitten by a radioactive spider, fights crime and keeps the city of New York safe.

SECTION IV: SENTENCES Sentence – a set of words that contains a subject and a predicate and conveys a statement, command, question, or an exclamation

Sentence Parts Subject – what/who the sentence is about • The X-Men were formed by Professor X. Predicate – what the subject does • The X-Men fight against people who threaten their community and fight to close the gap between mutants and humans.

Sentence Types Declarative – a sentence that makes a statement (ends with a period mark) • The X-Men are mutants who were born with superpowers. Imperative – a sentence that makes a command (ends with a period mark) • Let’s do get help. Interrogative – a sentence that asks a question (ends with a question mark) • Are you team Captain America or team Iron Man? Exclamatory – a sentence that expresses great emotion, passion, excitement (ends with an exclamation mark) • After learning Tony was keeping Wanda locked up at the Avengers headquarters, Steve yelled, “She’s just a kid!”

Sentence Patterns

Simple Sentence: A sentence that is just one independent clause. • There are so many great characters in the Marvel Universe. Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses, but no dependent clauses - connected by FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) or a semicolon (;). • The X-Men started out as a small team, but they started growing when more mutants joined. Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. • Quicksilver runs so fast, everything looks extremely slow to him. 21

Complex-Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. • If you like superheroes and action movies, Marvel movies are a great choice, and there are a lot to choose from. Loose Sentence: A sentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate construction (either a clause or phrase) with your main point at the beginning. • Nat remained hopeful, even after everything that happened and tried her best to bring everyone back in Endgame. Periodic Sentence: A sentence in which the independent clause is given at the end of the sentence in order to create interest or generate suspense with the main point coming at the end. • Even though the Avengers won, so much loss came from Avengers: Endgame Parallel Structure: A sentence using the same pattern of two or more verbs or ideas that match in tense or structure to show that they are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written - this sentence requires symmetry. • Peter likes studying and fighting crime on a daily basis. Balanced Sentence: A sentence where phrases or clauses at the beginning and the end parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length - this sentence requires symmetry. • Peter spends his time studying for school and fighting for good. Chiasmus: A sentence that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or clauses) in inverted (reversed) order - this sentence requires symmetry. • Nat sacrificed herself for the soul stone and without that sacrifice, the team wouldn’t have gotten the stone. Asyndeton: A sentence that leaves out conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. • Vision is selfless, omniscient, caring. Polysyndeton: A sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. • Kate Bishop is funny and independent and an excellent archer. 22

Anaphora: A sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words, or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention. • Stan Lee is one of the most amazing people to have lived because he created a lot of super heroes who fought for good, superheroes who have really cool powers, superheroes who don’t need powers to fight, but most importantly, superheroes who inspired people. Epistrophe: A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words. • The Avengers so often spend their days talking about the next threat, their nights preparing for the next fight, their breaks thinking about what dangers will arrive and sometimes it feels like they live only for fighting bad guys.

Sentence Errors Run-On/Rambling/Fused Sentence – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly without punctuation. • Kate enjoyed working alongside Clint he is her hero. [WRONG] • Kate enjoyed working alongside Clint BECAUSE he is her hero. [RIGHT] Comma Splice – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly using commas • The Young Avengers are a group of young teens who took over after the Avengers disbanded now they help keep the city safe. [WRONG] • The Young Avengers are a group of young teens who took over after the Avengers disbanded; now they help keep the city safe. [RIGHT] Fragment – incomplete sentence pieces that are not connected to or do not form an independent clause • Wanda’s twin brother. [WRONG] • Wanda’s twin brother is Pietro Maximoff also known as Quicksilver. [RIGHT] Misplaced/Dangling Modifiers – modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description; a misplaced modifier describes the wrong part of a sentence and a dangling modifier is missing the part it’s supposed to modify • At the celebration at the Avenger’s tower, Tony gave steaks to the team that was medium rare. [WRONG] • At the celebration at the Avenger’s tower, Tony gave medium rare steaks to the team. [RIGHT] 23

SECTION V: PARAGRAPHS Paragraphs – a group of sentences that together convey a shared purpose structured around the same topic. Introductory Paragraphs (Introductions) Hook (Lead / Opening Statement) – can begin with the title Anecdotal (Brief story to set the mood and lead the reader into the topic) • The MCU has been around for a long time now and they have made so many great movies. I have been going to watch Marvel movies in theaters for a while now usually with my dad and brother because they enjoy them too. If you ever get a chance to watch a Marvel movie in theaters, do it! It’s a great experience and you get to watch it with others who enjoy the franchise as well. Query Based (Question that brings the reader to the topic - avoid second person POV “you”) • After phase 3 ended with Avengers: Endgame people were left wondering what was next and had Marvel reached its peak? Thesis Statements (the purpose of a piece of writing – usually one sentence in length, but can be longer depending on the purpose – must be something that is arguable) Assertion (claim - a subject + a “so what” about the subject) • The Marvel franchise may have ended off phase 3 with a big ending and it may seem like they’ve reached their peak, but they still have so many more stories to tell. Fact (empirically verifiable but often difficult to argue extensively about - better used as evidence to support a claim) • Marvel has roughly 37,000 comic books they could turn into movies or shows. Opinion (personal position on a topic) • Of course nothing will ever replace the originals (phase 3 and before), but phase 4 has the potential to be even better. Belief (social, religious, or political in nature – an opinion held by many to be a fact, though it is not necessarily factual – often involves a judgement) • Marvel movies contain a deep hidden message about society. Generalization (uses absolute or statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never, none, most, half – avoid using this type of thesis statement unless citing the source of the data) • All fights end in major destruction of cities, mainly New York. 24

Body Paragraphs (must have echoes of the thesis in each AND present evidence to support or expand on the thesis) Topic Sentences (must specifically indicate the topic of the paragraph and focus on one subject and/or area of evidence or support – could start with a “Transition of Logic” that connects to the previous paragraph to give context) • With the new Hawkeye series out, Kate and Clint are becoming one of the greatest duos in the MCU from comics to on-screen. Presenting Evidence from Quotations (quotes should NEVER be used as individual sentences – quotes should be embedded within sentences) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “Do you mind getting that? My mom canceled my credit card.” Kate Bishop • When Kate and Clint were getting food at a diner she said, “Do you mind getting that? My mom canceled my credit card.” • “Do you mind getting that? My mom canceled my credit card” said Kate as she was talking to Clint about being in the situation together. Examining the Evidence Paraphrasing (rewording of a quote into other words of the same length without quotation marks, but still citing the source - useful for examining the quote and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “I saw a dead body. It was a first.” Kate Bishop • PARAPHRASE – Seeing a dead body was a first. (Bishop)

Summarizing (condensing larger quotes or sections - useful for closing the examination of the quote/evidence and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “The whole thing is a problem that I’m going to solve today so I can go home to my family” Clint Barton • Ex. SUMMARY – Clint has to get home to his family but first he must deal with his problem. Abstract Examples (hypothetical, “what if” examples that do not refer to a source – AVOID USING THEM AS EVIDENCE – but useful for examining the quote) Ex. Clint might not be with his family for Christmas if he doesn’t come up with a plan to solve his issue. Concrete Examples (actual examples that do refer to a source – useful for enhancing your analysis of the quote) • Ex. A summary of the show, Hawkeye, mentions one of the show’s main problems it tries to address is Clint trying to get home for Christmas so he can be with his family, but he ends up having to confront multiple obstacles. Closing Sentences (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word – possibly an adverb – and should echo the thesis of the essay) • So far Marvel has had some new shows and Hawkeye has introduced a new duo, Kate and Clint, who will work together to try and help takedown the Tracksuit Mafia, and get Clint home.

Closing Paragraphs (Conclusions – should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay) Consequences of Disregarding the Thesis (establishing the potential consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – CREATING A COUNTERARGUMENT – could be one or more sentences) • Ex. If the MCU had truly reached its peak, it’s shows wouldn’t have been such big hits like Wandavision which was nominated for so many awards. Statement(s) of Extension (extending the consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – could be one or more sentences) • Ex. Marvel also wouldn’t have a whole line-up of future releases all planned out if they were done. Reestablishing the Significance of the Thesis (could be one or more sentences) • Ex. Although Marvel ended Phase 3 with a bang, Marvel still has so many more stories to tell and it’s definitely not the end for the MCU. Final Sentence (closing statement that connects to the hook and finishes the essay (finish your argument) – the “Smoky the Bear”/”Drop the mic”/ dot dot dot moment…) • Ex. All in all, Marvel still has a bright future and they’ve already announced multiple future projects for the coming years which will be very exciting to watch.

SECTION VI: ESSAYS Essays – An essay is composed of multiple paragraphs about a certain subject. There are many purposes to writing an essay like informing, convincing, and telling a story. Types Persuasive (Argumentative) The goal of a persuasive essay is to convince the reader to side with you. You should be able to provide a great argument backed up with evidence in order to help establish your case effectively. Expository (Informative) Definition or Description This type of essay defines things like ideas, perceptions, and other subjects. Process (How-to) Outlines how to do things in order for the reader to be able to understand the full process of the subject that is being broken down. Compare and Contrast In a comparison and contrast essay, two dissimilar or comparable objects are compared, contrasted, or both. Cause and Effect In a cause and effect essay, readers should be able to understand the cause of things and their effects. Analytical/Critical Evaluative An evaluative essay is one that offers judment about a specific subject based off of certain criteria while providing evidence to back up their claims. Interpretive An interpretive essay is about interpreting another piece of literature and offering insights about what you think it’s about. Narrative (Tells a story) Personal Statement/Anecdote This essay focuses on a specific central point and everything else that’s in the story - characters, events, incidents - revolve around it. Research A research essay is centred around a research question and the essay should have relevant information to try and answer it. 28

Timed Document Based Question (DBQ) A DBQ is a timed essay that involves having to use stimulus materials to write an informed paper about something relevant to the materials. Synthesis An essay that uses information from differing views. Strategies/Planning Tips/Steps – Pre-writing/Prompt Analysis/Outlining Pre-writing is a great way to start planning because it allows you to brainstorm ideas while listing, using the six journalists’ questions, and jotting down what comes to mind. Once you have some ideas on what to write about, you can start creating an outline which would structure your essay. Researching/Evaluating of Sources When researching and using different sources, it’s important to make sure the source is credible. Using the RAVEN method you can: look at the author’s reputation, establish whether or not they are in a position to observe, analyze their vested interests, establish their expertise, and whether or not they are neutral or biased. Work Cited Page – To set up a works cited page the font needs to be set to Times New Roman at font size 12. The page also needs to be double spaced while making sure everything after the first line in a citation is indented. When making a works cited page it’s also very important that each citation is listed in alphabetical order. MLA Format Refered to as the “Works Cited” page and has the author’s full name while the publication date is at the end. Kaku, Michio. Physics of the Impossible: A Scientific Exploration into the World of Phasers, Force Fields, Teleportation, and Time Travel. Dou bleday, 2008. APA Format Refered to as the “Refrences” page and has the author’s last name and first name inital while the publication date is at the beginning. Kaku, M. (2008). Physics of the impossible: A scientific exploration into the world of phasers, force fields, teleportation, and Time Travel. Doubleday. 29