BY: GISELLE CARRASCO
music book of writing PERIOD 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction
3
About the Author
4
Puncuation & Capitilization
5
Parts of Sppech
7
Phrases & Clauses
16
Sentences
18
Paragraphs
21
Essays
25
Introduction I personally started writing when I was in 1st grade I believe. To be honest back then I really wasn’t inspired at all to write a book. I would think really differently and say that it was boring and I would want to do other things. Since I was really small school wasn’t my thing but the subject I enjoyed the most was math. So, the year continued and writing was just not my thing. Until this year 11th grade my teacher Mr.Rodriguez actually went deep into this book of writing and that’s when I got motivated because it was actually fun and we created this book as the way we wanted to be and come out. My theme of this book is music. Many people like listening to music. Music can have many genres, it could have romance, depressing, happy, etc. Depending on the mood you're in you could listen to any genre and probably cheer you up. I chose this specific theme because I really enjoy listening to it and hypes me up.
About The Author
My name is Giselle Carrasco and I am currently 16 years old. In my family we have 3 guys and 3 girls (including me). I am a middle child, 2 older brothers, then me, Little brother, and 2 little sisters. I am really glad that I have 2 older brothers since I could learn stuff from them, and also having younger siblings since I could take care of them and teach them new things. My both parents are from Mexico and they are from Puebla. They immigrated to the USA so we could have a better life. As for me, my favorite hobbies are Basketball, Volleyball, and Dancing. I started playing Basketball when I was 10 years old and played in a team for 2 years, but then I just stopped playing without having a reason. My favorite Basketball team in the NBA is the Golden State Warriors. Volleyball I barely started playing this past summer, I would go to the Boy’s and Girl’s club and that's where I enjoyed playing it. Lastly, I have liked dancing since I was young and right now I’m in the Dances of the World team. Another fact about me is that I like listening to music, the kind I like are corridos. My favorite band right now is Marca MP. I really enjoy spending time with my family and friends, especially party. Lastly, my favorite foods are Tacos, Posole, and Cemitas. What I would like to do in the future is either join the Marine Corps or have a good job in the Medical Field as a Pediatrician. I would like to join the Marine Corps since one of my brothers is in there and he says that he likes it and you do lots of exercise. Since, I go to the LAPD Cadets then we do exercise there then I would like to join the Marines too. On the other side, since I was small I wanted to be a doctor and now that I think about it, helping kids is my thing so I would like to be a Pediatrician Doctor. Now let's get into my Book of Writing about Music.
PUNCUATION & CAPITILIZATION Punctuation – Identify the functions of each mark and create one (1) example sentence of the usage for each mark. . Period (ends a sentence and abbreviate a word) Many corrido artists nowadays were inspired by the singer Ariel Camacho who passed away. , Comma (makes a pause, can switch places when having 2 ideas) Mexican Corridos, are mostly written by the singers past and different story backgrounds. – EM dash (set off extra information) In a corrido there is always that comes next-a song. - EN dash (Hyphenate ex. check-in) There is always a rehearsal check-in when performing something. : Colon (something that comes next ) Music can be: representative for some of us. ; Semicolon (continue sentence by separating closets) Some music could be sad; but also could make people feel better. ? Question Mark (When your confused) How do people get motivated by corridos? ! Exclamation Mark (When something is exciting) MUSIC IS THE BEST!!! ‘ Apostrophe (Contraction, Possession, Quote mark) It’s fun when people put music in parties. “ ” Quotation Marks (Repeating someone said) In a song it says, “Fue muchacho humilde y eso fue de herencia” this means that he was very humble. … Ellipses (unsaid) When a group separates… you don’t know what to do. [ ] Brackets (getting examples from other text) In the song [SIempre Clave] talks about how they teenage boy that died he was very responsible, humble, etc. ( ) Parenthesis (add coments or info) Corridos (latin music) are interesting and hyped. / Back Slash (Choice, ex. and/or) Music can/could be something representative for some people.
Capitalization – Identify and create one (1) example sentence for each rule of capitalization. -Capitalize first word of a sentence. -Capitalize names and other proper nouns. -Capitalize Days, Months, and Holidays, But Not Seasons. -Capitalize Most Words in Titles. When Grupo Firme goes to perform in concerts many people get hyped.
PARTS OF SPEECH NOUNS
Types of nouns: Common Nouns: name a class of people, places, things, or ideas. Guitar, Drums, Voice, Style. Proper Nouns: give the name or title of a particular person, place, thing, or idea (must be capitalized). Music Department, Instruments, Manager. Compound Nouns: consist of words used together to form a single noun. Microphone, Drumstick, Keyboard. Concrete Nouns: refer to material things, to people, or to places. Words, Lyrics, Mouth. Abstract Nouns: name ideas, qualities, concepts, emotions, or attitudes. Happy, Sad, Depressed, Intelligence, Faith. Functions (How nouns are used): Subject (comes before the verb) Manager spoke harshly to the singers for not being on time to their meeting. Direct Object (comes after the verb and answers what or whom) The Director asked the singers to bring in new music if not their career was going down. Indirect Object (answers to who or to whom) Singers gave the fans a free meet and greet.
PRONOUNS
Pronouns take the place of nouns that have been established. Personal:
Nominative (subjects) I/we you/you He, she, it, one/they
Objective (objects) me/us you/you him, her, it, one/them
Possessive My, mine our, ours Your, yours your, yours His, her, hers, its, one’s their, theirs Relative: Nominative Objective Possessive who whom whose That that of that those/ this Interrogative: who, which, what, whatever, whoever Reflexive: (personal pronouns plus the suffix –self or –selves) Used only: when the action verb is directed toward the subject of the construction: He pushes himself more harshly than his music partners. She bought herself a music video tape. to intensify a point: The main singer himself delivered the new song release. Even though it was hard work, “I can finish the job myself” the main singer thought. Demonstrative: this, these that, those Indefinite: all, another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, few, many, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, somebody, someone, such.
VERBS
Verbs show the time, action, and state of being of a subject. Tense: verbs indicate time via tenses: -simple past -simple present -past -present -past perfect -present perfect -past progressive -present progressive
-present perfect -progressive -future -future perfect
Types: There are at least eleven (11) types of verbs: auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) linking verbs (verbs that do not describe action, but connect the subject of a sentence to other parts of the sentence – usually the predicate) lexical verbs (main verbs) dynamic verbs (indicate action) stative verbs (describe a condition) finitive verbs (indicate tense) nonfinitive verbs (infinitives or participles) regular verbs (weak verbs) irregular verbs (strong verbs) transitive verbs (verbs followed by a direct object) intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take direct objects) Voice: Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action. The English language has two voices: ACTIVE and PASSIVE. Active: The singers got their music released on spotify. (singers are the subject) Passive: Spotify has brought many changes to the singers for being in the top 10. (singers are the subject but treated as the object) Verbals: (VERB FORMS NOT USED AS VERBS) Gerund: word ending in “ing” used as a noun. -Bands like releasing new music videos. Participle: word ending in “ing” or “ed” used as an adjective -There really is no releasing new songs this month. -The band carefully drove past the deserted country. Infinitive: verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs -Band jobs are to give concerts in public.
ADJECTIVES
ADVERBS
Adjectives modify, describe, limit, and identify nouns and pronouns. Kinds: Demonstrative, Common, Proper Relating feelings to music.
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Endings: Bands can win awards if they participate in television programs. Conversions: “Instruments becomes “Instrumental”, “Release” becomes “Releasing”, “Achieve” becomes “Achieving”
Types: Manner, Frequency, Degree, Place, Time Example Types: (Create one example each related to your subject) Manner – The band gave an autograph to the fan quickly. (How did the band answer?) Time – The manager will release the new music video immediately. (When will he release it?) Place – Manager was willingly here earlier today working with the band for the next concert preparations. (Where was he?) Degree – The bands exceptionally good work cannot be over-recognized. (How good is she?) Frequency – The manager is consistently pleasant to the band and staff. (How often is he pleasant?)
Conjunctions Coordinating (FANBOYS): for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Correlative: Either/or; neither/nor; not only/but also; both/and; whether/or; as/so Subordinate: after, though as, as if, as long as, as thought, because, before, if, in order that, provided that, since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while Relative pronouns: who (refers to people), which (refers to nonliving object or animals), that (may refer to animals or nonliving objects)
PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts of the sentence. Prepositions are NEVER followed by verbs. There are one-word prepositions and complex prepositions. These are some common one-word prepositions: aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except, except excluding for, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding, of, off, on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, without.
INTERJECTIONS
Interjections are the final part of speech. A: Aah, Ack, Agreed, Ah, Aha, Ahem, Alas, all right, Amen, Argh, as if, Aw, Ay, aye B: Bah, Blast, boo hoo, Bother, Boy, Brr, by golly, bye C: Cheerio, Cheers, chin up, come on, Crikey, curses D: dear me, Doggone, Drat, duh E: easy does it, Eek, Egads, Er, exactly F: fair enough, Fiddle-dee-dee, Fiddlesticks, Fie, Foo, fooey G: G'day, Gadzooks, Gah, Gangway, Gee, gee whiz, Geez, Gesundheit, get lost, get outta here, go on, Good, good golly, good job, Gosh, GraciousGreat, Grr, gulp H: Ha, Ha-ha, Hah, Hallelujah, Harrumph, Haw, Hee, Here, Hey, Hmm, ho hum, Hoo, Hooray, hot dog, How, Huh, Hum, Humbug, Hurray, huzza I: I say, Ick, is it, ixnay J: Jeez, just a sec, just kidding, just wondering K: kapish L: La, La-di-dah, Lo, long time, Look, look here, lordy M: Man, Meh, Mmm, most certainly, My, my my, my word N: Nah, Naw, Never, No, no can do, no thanks, no way, Nooo, Not, nuts O: Oh, oh no, Oh-oh, Oho, Okay, Okey-dokey, Om, Oof, Ooh, Oopsey, Over, Oy, oyez P: Peace, Pew, Pff, Phew, pish posh, Psst, ptui Q: quite R: Rah, Rats, Ready, Right, right on, Roger, roger that, rumble S: Say, see ya, Shame, Shh, Shoo, Shucks, Sigh, sleep tight, Snap, Sorry, Sssh, sup T: Ta, ta ta, Ta-da, take that, tally ho, Tch, Thanks, There, there there, time out, Toodles, Touche, Tsk, Tsk-tsk, Tut, tut-tut U: Ugh, Uh, Uh-oh, Um, Ur, urgh V: very nice, very well, Voila, vroom W: Wah, Well, well done, Well,well, What, Whatever, Whee, When, Whew, Whoa, Whoo, Whoopee, Whoops, Whoopsy, Why, Word, Wow, wuzzup Y: Ya, Yea, Yeah, Yech, Yikes, Yippee, Yo, Yoo-hoo, you bet, you don't say, you know, Yo, Yum, yummy Z: Zap, Zounds, Zowie, zzz
Transitions of Logic Chart
PHRASES & CLAUSES Phrases
Phrases – groups of words that function as a part of speech. Noun Phrase: A group of words consisting of nouns or pronouns and their modifiers that function as a noun. -All the students wanted a spanish band to perform for their prom. Verb Phrase: A group of words consisting of verbs working together and that function as a verb. -The band knew they would be working hard this weekend because they where having a concert. Prepositional Phrase: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and functions as an adjective or an adverb. -Pedro Vargas from marca mp singer was welcomed to ride the razor. Appositive Phrase: A group of words that include all the words that modify an appositive and function as an adjective - IT MUST BE SURROUNDED BY COMMAS. -Nitro, a new band member, worked diligently to help the band get back to singing since the last member left them. Verbal Phrases: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun. Gerund Phrase verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun. Coming out of the stage, the singers finally saw that the studio was full of fans. Participial Phrase word ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed (past participle) that functions as an adjective. Grupo Firme people started crying when they saw the studio filled with fans when leaving the studio and thanked them. Infinitive Phrase verbs preceded by the word “to” (to read, to study, to write) that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Many fans knew it was time for the singers to come out on the stage.
CLAUSES
Clauses – groups of words with BOTH a subject and a verb that function as parts of speech. There are TWO kinds: Independent and Dependent (called “Subordinate”)
INDEPENDENT – CAN stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern. Bands work most of their time at concerts and do many rehearsals. DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) – CANNOT stand alone as a complete sentence and MUST begin with a SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION. There are seven (7) kinds: Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive. -Where he grew up firmly made the main singer decide that he was going to release a song of how he has lived. Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause. Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word: -There is the suit that I absolutely needed for the next concert, it matches the theme. Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns: The band called Grupo Firme was the one who got the most votes in the show “Premio Lo Nuestro”. Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause, introduced by a subordinate conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or concession. Modifying verbs: When the concert finishes the bands go to their hotel because they were tired. (purpose) Modifying adjectives: Students get hyped to go to school like going to a Grupo Firme concert. Modifying adverbs: Marca MP and Grupo Firme collabed together in a music video that gained a lot of views and got overrated. Relative Clauses: Dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun. -The band finished early because they had to go to another party and perform. Elliptical Clauses: Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted. -When driving, the driver keenly keeps his eyes on the road so that the band can get to their place good and safe. Essential Clauses: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence. -Something that most interests me is clearly listening to my favorite group which is Marca MP. Nonessential Clauses: Clauses that are NOT necessary to the meaning of the sentence. -The music video which began six months ago got overrated since a lot of people were listening to it 24/7.
SENTENCES
Sentence – a set of words that contains a subject and a predicate and conveys a statement, command, question, or an exclamation.
Sentence Parts
Subject – what/who the sentence is about The new band patiently was learning how to play the instruments. Predicate – what the subject does The new band patiently was learning how to play the instruments.
Sentence Types
Declarative – a sentence that makes a statement (ends with a period mark) Writing stronger songs will catch a person's attention depending on what it’s about. Imperative – a sentence that makes a command (ends with a period mark) Learn to write emotional songs immediately. Interrogative – a sentence that asks a question (ends with a question mark) Why do people cry when listening to a song? Exclamatory – a sentence that expresses great emotion, passion, excitement (ends with an exclamation mark) The concert was so fun I saw my favorite singer!
Sentence Patterns
Simple Sentence: A sentence that is just one independent clause. Marca MP finished all their concerts for this year. Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses, but no dependent clauses - connected by FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) or a semicolon (;). Many songs take up time to record an album; but they all can be finished on time. Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. When you set up a date, you have to release that album on time. Complex-Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. Many concerts are getting out of control, since many people are throwing stuff at the singers, thinking it’s fun but it's actually not.
Loose Sentence: A sentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate construction (either a clause or phrase) with your main point at the beginning. Marca MP singers changed their lives, since they started low but now they're at a high level. Periodic Sentence: A sentence in which the independent clause is given at the end of the sentence in order to create interest or generate suspense with the main point coming at the end. Starting low and not giving up a Mexican Band will change your life. Parallel Structure: A sentence using the same pattern of two or more verbs or ideas that match in tense or structure to show that they are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written - this sentence requires symmetry. Bands who start low, work hard and don't give up to succeed in music and get in a very high place. Balanced Sentence: A sentence where phrases or clauses at the beginning and the end parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length - this sentence requires symmetry. Mexican Bands release albums and make more albums to release soon to impress people. Chiasmus: A sentence that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or clauses) in inverted (reversed) order - this sentence requires symmetry. Many Bands release new albums every time if not then their band would be gone and wouldn't function. Asyndeton: A sentence that leaves out conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. Corridos are typically describing someone's life, about love, graceful, heartbrakes, etc. Polysyndeton: A sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. Corridos are typically describing someone's life and about love and grace and heartbreaks etc. Anaphora: A sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words, or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention. For Mexican people, Corridos can be their favorite songs, while non-Mexicans will think that they don’t like it since they weren’t raise with it, but many mexicans and non-mexicans will think their catching since I’ve seen on tiktok that non-mexicans listen to it. Epistrophe: A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words. Band members so often spend their days making new songs, their nights working for their band to get better, their breaks thinking about concerts that sometimes can feel live they only live to perform.
Sentence Errors
Run-On/Rambling/Fused Sentence – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly without punctuation. Half of the band members wanted to stop working on their Music for a bit they needed to take a break have fun spending time with their families. [WRONG] Half of the band members wanted to stop working on their Music for a bit BECAUSE they needed to take a break AND have fun spending time with their families. [RIGHT] Comma Splice – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly using commas Half of the band members wanted to stop working on their Music for a bit, they needed to take a break, have fun spending time with their families. [WRONG] Half of the band members wanted to stop working on their Music for a bit. They needed to take a break; have fun spending time with their families. [RIGHT] Fragment – incomplete sentence pieces that are not connected to or do not form an independent clause Because band members had no time. [WRONG] Because band members had no time, they had to see their family twice a week. [RIGHT] Misplaced/Dangling Modifiers – modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description; a misplaced modifier describes the wrong part of a sentence and a dangling modifier is missing the part it’s supposed to modify At the concert, a fan gave security their phone to record up close. [WRONG] At the concert, a fan gave the phone to the security to record up close. [RIGHT] Double Negative – combining two or more negative words in a sentence in a way that is supposed to produce a positive force The fans knew that it wouldn’t do them no good to throw something dangerous at the singer. [WRONG] The fans knew that it would not do them any good to throw something dangerous at the singer. [RIGHT]
PARAGRAPHS
Paragraphs – a group of sentences that together convey a shared purpose structured around the same topic.
Introductory Paragraphs (Introductions) Hook (Lead / Opening Statement) – can begin with the title Anecdotal (Brief story to set the mood and lead the reader into the topic) Corridos play an important part in Mexican and Mexican American Culture. The name origin comes from the Spanish word meaning "to run." In Spanish this would be "correr". Corridos have a long history in Mexico, starting from the Mexican War of Independence in 1810 and throughout the Mexican Revolution. The earliest living specimens of corrido are adapted versions of Spanish romances or European tales, mainly about disgraced or idealized love, or religious topics. Many corrido bands write songs about what they’ve gone through or others have gone through but most of the time they're based on true stories. Those stories could be good, bad, heartbroke, love, etc. Query Based (Question that brings the reader to the topic - avoid second person POV “you”) Why do people get so attached with corridos most of the time, and they have different themes to talk about? Thesis Statements (the purpose of a piece of writing – usually one sentence in length, but can be longer depending on the purpose – must be something that is arguable) Assertion (claim - a subject + a “so what” about the subject) Corridos provide good themes that you should definitely listen to too. Fact (empirically verifiable but often difficult to argue extensively about - better used as evidence to support a claim) Corridos have a long history in Mexico. Opinion (personal position on a topic) Corridos are the best songs that they could have. Belief (social, religious, or political in nature – an opinion held by many to be a fact, though it is not necessarily factual – often involves a judgement) Many corrido songs can talk about death and their lifestyle. Generalization (uses absolute or statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never, none, most, half – avoid using this type of thesis statement unless citing the source of the data) Corridos are very popular in Mexico and other parts of the world.
Document Based (cites a specific source, author, and position on a topic) The border zone of Rio Grande has been credited with being the birthplace of Narcocorridos. Theory (a statement that can be tested and potentially proven - often answers a research question) Narcocorridos use real dates and places to tell mainly stories of drug smuggling, but also include violence, murder, poverty corruption, and crime. Clarification/Expansion of Thesis (could extend the thesis, preview the evidence supporting the thesis, give the purpose of thesis, establish the importance or significance of examining the intricacies of the thesis – this could be several sentences long) Narcocorridos began in the sixties with the fast growth of drug empires in the border states of Mexico and the United States. As drug lords grew, people idolized them and began to show their respect and admiration through narcocorridos.
Body Paragraphs (must have echoes of the thesis in each AND present evidence to support or expand on the thesis) Topic Sentences (must specifically indicate the topic of the paragraph and focus on one subject and/or area of evidence or support – could start with a “Transition of Logic” that connects to the previous paragraph to give context) There are two main types of narcocorridos, commercial corridos and private corridos. Presenting Evidence from Quotations (quotes should NEVER be used as individual sentences – quotes should be embedded within sentences) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “No necesito corona, para que sepas quien manda aquí (I don’t need a crown, so you know who’s boss here)” (Jenni Rivera) Ex. Even stated by Jenni Rivera herself, “No necesito corona, para que sepas quien manda aquí (I don’t need a crown, so you know who’s boss here)” (Jenni Rivera). Examining the Evidence Paraphrasing (rewording of a quote into other words of the same length without quotation marks, but still citing the source - useful for examining the quote and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “Para Ser Grande, Tienes Que Empezar Desde Abajo (To be great, you have to start at the bottom) ” (Larry Hernandez) In other words, if you want to be big and earn many rewards you have to start from the bottom in order to succeed. Summarizing (condensing larger quotes or sections - useful for closing the examination of the quote/evidence and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “Y de los vicios que tengo, extrañarte es el peor (And of the vices that I have, missing you is the worst)” (Ariel Camacho)
Ex. SUMMARY – This means that even though they have many vices on other stuff the only thing they think about is that one person they probably loved the most. Even though they don’t want to think about that one person they get a feeling of missing them and then it makes them feel bad because they probably cannot be with their significant other because of problems. Abstract Examples (hypothetical, “what if” examples that do not refer to a source – AVOID USING THEM AS EVIDENCE – but useful for examining the quote) Corridos were created by white people. Concrete Examples (actual examples that do refer to a source – useful for enhancing your analysis of the quote) There are many groups that perform corrido, but the most notable of these are Los Tigres del Norte who has played a major role in the composition and popularity of today’s contemporary corrido. Among the other popular groups that play corrido are Los Cuates de Sinaloa, Los Tucanes de Tijuana, El Tigrillo Palma, Patrulla 81, Ramon Ayala and many more. Closing Sentences (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word – possibly an adverb – and should echo the thesis of the essay) There are corridos performed by groups classified as norteno, banda, duranguense, and others. The music will reflect that specific style while telling the same story with basically the same lyrics, although lyrics can change to suit the social and political mood of the area and of the moment.
Closing Paragraphs (Conclusions – should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay) Consequences of Disregarding the Thesis (establishing the potential consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – CREATING A COUNTERARGUMENT – could be one or more sentences) Long before there were written biographies or even a culture where literacy was more than a privilege of the wealthy few, the stories of heroes & villains, repression & revolution, love won & love lost were part of the oral tradition of every country in the world. Statement(s) of Extension (extending the consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – could be one or more sentences) These tales served as inspirational moral lessons and as a way to reinforce national identity by revealing the soul of a people through stories passed from father to son, from bard to apprentice. Reestablishing the Significance of the Thesis (could be one or more sentences) These tales were set to music and tell stories.
Final Sentence (closing statement that connects to the hook and finishes the essay (finish your argument) – the “Smoky the Bear”/”Drop the mic”/dot dot dot moment…) The availability of printed material, radio, and visual media have not developed this tradition. In Mexico it has evolved into today’s corrido.
ESSAYS
Essays – Essays is a short piece of writing on a particular subject that can contain several paragraphs. Types – Explain each type of essay and state its purpose Persuasive (Argumentative) It’s the one making readers agree with your opinion with an argument that happened. Expository (Informative) This is not intended to persuade your reader but to instead educate them. Definition or Description The fiction- writing mode for transmitting a mental image of the particulars of a story. Process (How-to) Gives you examples of how to do each step to make your essay. Compare and Contrast A rhetorical style that discusses the similarities and differences of two or more things like ideas, concepts, items, places, etc. Cause and Effect A relationship between events or things where one is the result of the other or others. Analytical/Critical It asks the writer to make an argument about a particular book, essay, movie, etc. Evaluative It’s based on or relating to an assessment to form an idea of the value of something. Interpretive Relates to or provides an interpretation on someone or something. Narrative (Tells a story) A spoken or written account of connected events or stories. Personal Statement/Anecdote To give insights into how you became passionate about your chosen field of study. Research The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. Timed To demonstrate disciplinary knowledge by producing a writing sample within a limited time period. Document Based Question (DBQ) A question that is given to you and you suppressed to answer in your essay.
Synthesis A type of essay that gathers information from a variety of sources to form a new idea, question, or argumentative thesis. Strategies/Planning Tips/Steps – Explain how to plan and organize essays and how to analyze and break down prompts. Pre-writing/Prompt Analysis/Outlining A plan for the paper that will help you organize and structure your ideas in a way that effectively communicates them to your reader and supports your thesis statement. Researching/Evaluating of Sources It is important to evaluate each source to determine the quality of the information provided within it. Common evaluation criteria include: purpose and intended audience, authority and credibility, accuracy and reliability, currency and timeliness, and objectivity or bias. Work Cited Page – Explain and give an example of how to set up a works cited entry in both MLA and APA formats - there are subtle differences between each format, so be sure to identify them clearly. MLA Format 1. Use white 8 ½ x 11” paper. 2. Make 1 inch margins on the top, bottom, and sides. 3. The first word in every paragraph should be indented one half inch. 4. Indent set-off or block quotations one half inch from the left margin. 5. Use any type of font that is easy to read, such as Times New Roman. APA Format Title page, abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, and references. Your paper may also include one or more tables and/or figures. Different types of information about your study are addressed in each of the sections, as described below.
