MUSIC BOOK OF WRITING
BY: LIDIA HERNANDEZ PERIOD: 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION
3
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
4
DEDICATION
5
PUNCTUATION & CAPITALIZATION
6
PARTS OF SPEECH
8
PHRASES AND CLAUSES
16
SENTENCES
18
PARAGRAPHS
21
ESSAYS
24
INTRODUCTION I BEGAN TO WRITE THIS BOOK AS AN ASSIGNMENT FOR MY HONORS AMERICAN LITERATURE CLASS.AS THE WEEKS WENT ON, THIS BOOK BECAME MORE THAN JUST AN ASSIGNMENT, IT BECAME A PIECE OF ME THAT I WAS ABLE TO CREATE AND BECOME AN AUTHOR OF. I WAS ABLE TO CREATE SOMETHING THAT I HAVE NOT DONE BEFORE, ALL BY SIMPLY CORRELATING IT TO WHAT I LOVE THE MOST. THE TOPIC THAT I CHOOSE TO WRITE ABOUT IS MUSIC. NOT ONLY DOES MUSIC PROVIDE A SENSE OF RELAXATION, PEACE, AND SERENITY TO MANY, BUT IT ALSO BRINGS PEOPLE TOGETHER IN THE ODDEST WAYS. IN ADDITION, AS A FULL TIME STUDENT, ENTREPRENEUR, ATHLETE, LEARNING DRIVER, AND SO MUCH MORE, I DO GET STRESSED OUT AND OVERWHELMED VERY EASILY, BUT THE ONE THING THAT KEEPS ME GROUNDED IS MOST DEFINITELY MUSIC. WITH THIS BOOK I HOPE TO TEACH YOU ABOUT PROPER GRAMMAR WITH REFERENCES TO SOME OF MY FAVORITE BANDS, ARTISTS, AND MUSIC REFERENCES.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR MY NAME IS LIDIA HERNANDEZ AND I AM 16 YEARS OLD. I LEARNED TO WRITE VERY YOUNG, BEFORE I ATTENDED PRE-KINDER AS A MATTER OF FACT. THERE ARE SEVERAL PEOPLE WHO WERE INVOLVED IN TEACHING ME HOW TO WRITE AND READ. FOR INSTANCE, MY GRANDPARENTS, WHO ALTHOUGH DIDN’T KNOW ANY ENGLISH AT THE TIME, NEVER FAILED TO READ TO ME IN SPANISH AS WELL AS HOW TO SPELL MY NAME. TO ADD ON, MY PRE-KINDER TEACHER WAS ALSO A BIG PART IN TEACHING ME HOW TO READ AND WRITE. HER NAME WAS MS.HERNANDEZ, WHICH I CAN NEVER FORGET SINCE SHE HAD THE SAME LAST NAME AS MINE. SHE WAS AN OLDER WOMAN WHO WAS OH SO PATIENT AS WELL AS KIND AND AN AMAZING TEACHER. LASTLY, TWO MAIN PEOPLE THAT I CAN GENUINELY SAY TAUGHT ME HOW TO READ AND WRITE WERE MY PARENTS. BOTH MY MOM AND DAD NEVER FAILED TO READ ME A BOOK EVERY NIGHT IN HOPE TO GROW A SENSE OF CURIOSITY, WHICH I TRULY DID. IN ADDITION, MY PARENTS WERE AND STILL ARE VERY INVOLVED IN MY ACADEMIC LIFE. THEY ALWAYS ENCOURAGED ME TO BE THE BEST VERSION OF MYSELF, WHICH AS I GOT OLDER TAUGHT ME TO ALWAYS PUSH FOR GREATNESS SINCE THERE IS ALWAYS ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT. BECAUSE OF THIS, I WANTED TO FIND WAYS TO HELP KEEP MY MIND ON TRACK AND EASE THE BIT OF STRESS I WAS GIVING MYSELF WHICH EVENTUALLY LED ME TO FIND MUSIC! MUSIC KEEPS MY MIND AT EASE AS WELL AS BALANCES MY STRESS AND RELEASES HAPPINESS NOT ONLY TO MY EARS, BUT MY WHOLE BODY, WHICH IS WHY I CHOSE MUSIC AS MY TOPIC FOR MY BOOK OF WRITING.
DEDICATION THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED TO ALL THE ARITISTS, BANDS, AND MUSICAL PHRASES THAT I REFERENCE IN THIS BOOK. IN ADDITION, I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO DEDICATE THIS BOOK TO ALL THOSE PEOPLE THAT MUSIC HAS INSPIRED AND POSITIVELY EFFECTED THEIR LIVES.
PUNCTUATION & CAPITALIZATION PUNCTUATION – IDENTIFY THE FUNCTIONS OF EACH MARK AND CREATE ONE (1) EXAMPLE SENTENCE OF THE USAGE FOR EACH MARK. . PERIOD (USED TO END A SENTENCE) THE NOTORIOUS B.I.G WAS BORN ON MAY 21, 1972. , COMMA (USED TO REPRESENT A PAUSE OR GRAMMATICAL COMPONENT) DRAKE RELEASED A NEW ALBUM ON SEPTEMBER 3, 2021. – EM DASH (SETS OFF A WORD OR CLAUSE AND ADDS EMPHASIS) I WAS LISTENING TO MUSIC WHILE STUDYING FOR A TEST AND SURPRISINGLY I THINK I DID WELL – OR SO I THOUGHT. - EN DASH (HYPHENATES) I LISTEN TO A LOT OF MUSIC THAT COMES FROM THE 1990S-2010S. : COLAN(USED TO INTRODUCE A LIST OF ITEMS) I TRULY ENJOY THE FOLLOWING GENRES OF MUSIC: R&B, HIP HOP, SOUL, OLD POP, ALTERNATIVE ROCK, AND LATIN MUSIC. ; SEMI COLON (SEPARATES ONE OR MORE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES) I HEARD A NEW SONG FROM KANYE WEST; IT WAS OKAY. ? QUESTION MARK (USED TO END A DIRECT QUESTION) DO YOU KNOW WHAT A PITBULL CONCERT IS LIKE? ! EXCLAMATION MARK I LOVE MUSIC SO MUCH, IT MAKES ME SO HAPPY! ‘ APOSTROPHE (USED AS A CONTRACTION OR FOR POSSESSION) MY SISTER’S FAVORITE GENRE OF MUSIC IS K-POP. “ ” QUOTATION MARKS (USED TO QUOTE SOMETHING OR SOMEONE IN TEXTS) MY FAVORITE ALBUM THAT DRAKE HAS EVER RELEASED IS ENTITLED, “TAKE CARE”.
… ELLIPSIS (USED TO INDICATE HESITATION) A FEW OF MY FAVORITE LYRICS FROM THE SONG “BEST PART” BY DANIEL CAESAR IS WHERE IT STATES, “YOU'RE MY WATER WHEN I'M STUCK IN THE DESERT. YOU'RE THE TYLENOL I TAKE WHEN MY HEAD HURTS. YOU'RE THE SUNSHINE IN MY LIFE…” [ ] BRACKETS (USED FOR CLARIFICATION OR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION) THEY [THE NEIGHBORHOOD] IS A BAND THAT RELEASES GOOD MUSIC. ( ) PARENTHESIS(USED TO ADD COMMENTS OR MORE INFORMATION) I LISTEN TO A VARIETY OF MUSIC BUT A RECENT GENRE THAT I LEARNED TO LIKE IS HARD RAP (BUT FROM THE 2000S OR BEFORE). / BACKSLASH (SAME AS AND/OR, USED TO ABBREVIATE AND SHOW CONFLICT) I RECENTLY STARTED TO LISTEN TO ROCK/ALTERNATIVE ROCK MUSIC BECAUSE MY COUSINS ARE HUGE FANS. CAPITALIZATION – IDENTIFY AND CREATE ONE (1) EXAMPLE SENTENCE FOR EACH RULE OF CAPITALIZATION. RULES OF CAPITALIZATION HERE: USED WHEN STARTING A SENTENCE USED WHEN WRITING SOMEONE’S FIRST, MIDDLE, OR LAST NAME USED FOR TITLES, DAYS OF THE WEEK, AND THE NAMES OF THE MONTHS EX: J-COLE'S REAL NAME IS “JERMAINE LAMARR COLE”, AND HIS BIRTHDAY IS JANUARY 28, 1985. HE RELEASED HIS FIRST ALBUM ENTITLED “COLE WORLD: THE SIDELINE STORY” ON SUNDAY SEPTEMBER 27,2011.
PARTS 0F SPEECH
NOUNS TYPES OF NOUNS: COMMON NOUNS: NAME A CLASS OF PEOPLE, PLACES, THINGS, OR IDEAS. EX: BAND, VENUE, CONCERT PROPER NOUNS: GIVE THE NAME OR TITLE OF A PARTICULAR PERSON, PLACE, THING, OR IDEA (MUST BE CAPITALIZED). EX: ADELE, TRAVIS SCOTT, WEST COAST COMPOUND NOUNS: CONSIST OF WORDS USED TOGETHER TO FORM A SINGLE NOUN. EX: MICROPHONE, COMEBACK, HIP HOP CONCRETE NOUNS: REFER TO MATERIAL THINGS, TO PEOPLE, OR TO PLACES. EX: STAGE, WARDROBE, STUDIO ABSTRACT NOUNS: NAME IDEAS, QUALITIES, CONCEPTS, EMOTIONS, OR ATTITUDES. EX: DEDICATION, PERSISTENCE, INSPIRING FUNCTIONS (HOW NOUNS ARE USED): WRITE ONE SENTENCE FOR EACH FUNCTION. SUBJECT (COMES BEFORE THE VERB) PITBULL GAZED AT THE CROWD WITH AWE FOR SINGING HIS LYRICS AFTER NOT GOING ON TOUR FOR A WHILE. DIRECT OBJECT (COMES AFTER THE VERB AND ANSWERS WHAT OR WHOM) ICARLY PRODUCERS ASKED ONE DIRECTION TO MAKE A FEATURE IN THEIR TV SHOW AND PERFORM. INDIRECT OBJECT (ANSWERS TO WHO OR TO WHOM) BEYONCE HANDED THE MICROPHONE TO A FAN AT HER CONCERT AND THE FAN SANG SURPRISINGLY WELL. PRONOUNS (TAKE THE PLACE OF NOUNS THAT HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED) PERSONAL: NOMINATIVE (SUBJECTS) I/WE YOU/YOU HE, SHE, IT, ONE/THEY
OBJECTIVE (OBJECTS) ME/US YOU/YOU HIM, HER, IT, ONE/THEM
* POSSESSIVE MY, MINE YOUR, YOURS HIS, HER, HERS, ITS, ONE’S RELATIVE: NOMINATIVE POSSESSIVE WHO WHOSE THAT OF THAT THOSE/ THIS
OUR, OURS YOUR, YOURS THEIR, THEIRS
OBJECTIVE WHOM THAT
INTERROGATIVE: WHO, WHICH, WHAT, WHATEVER, WHOEVER REFLEXIVE: (PERSONAL PRONOUNS PLUS THE SUFFIX –SELF OR –SELVES) USED ONLY: WHEN THE ACTION VERB IS DIRECTED TOWARD THE SUBJECT OF THE CONSTRUCTION: HE BOUGHT HIMSELF A NEW OUTFIT FOR HIS CONCERT. SHE BOUGHT HERSELF A NEW MICROPHONE FOR HER HOME STUDIO. TO INTENSIFY A POINT: THE SINGER HERSELF SIGNED THE LITTLE GIRL'S PHOTO BECAUSE OF HOW ADORABLE AND POLITE SHE ASKED. DEMONSTRATIVE: THIS, THESE
THAT, THOSE
INDEFINITE: ALL, ANOTHER, ANYBODY, ANYONE, ANYTHING, BOTH, EACH, EITHER, EVERYBODY, EVERYONE, EVERYTHING, EVERYWHERE, FEW, MANY, MUCH, NEITHER, NOBODY, NONE, NO ONE, NOTHING, ONE, OTHER, SEVERAL, SOMEBODY, SOMEONE, SUCH. VERBS VERBS SHOW THE TIME, ACTION, AND STATE OF BEING OF A SUBJECT. TENSE: VERBS INDICATE TIME VIA TENSES: *SIMPLE PAST *PAST PROGRESSIVE *PRESENT PERFECT *PROGRESSIVE
*PAST *SIMPLE PRESENT *PRESENT PROGRESSIVE *FUTURE
*PAST PERFECT *PRESENT *PRESENT PERFECT *FUTURE PERFECT
TYPES: THERE ARE AT LEAST ELEVEN (11) TYPES OF VERBS: AUXILIARY VERBS (HELPING VERBS) LINKING VERBS (VERBS THAT DO NOT DESCRIBE ACTION, BUT CONNECT THE SUBJECT OF A SENTENCE TO OTHER PARTS OF THE SENTENCE – USUALLY THE PREDICATE) LEXICAL VERBS (MAIN VERBS) DYNAMIC VERBS (INDICATE ACTION) STATIVE VERBS (DESCRIBE A CONDITION) FINITIVE VERBS (INDICATE TENSE) NONFINITIVE VERBS (INFINITIVES OR PARTICIPLES) REGULAR VERBS (WEAK VERBS) IRREGULAR VERBS (STRONG VERBS) TRANSITIVE VERBS (VERBS FOLLOWED BY A DIRECT OBJECT) INTRANSITIVE VERBS (VERBS THAT DO NOT TAKE DIRECT OBJECTS) VOICE: VOICE IS THE FORM OF THE VERB THAT INDICATES HOW IT RELATES OR INTERACTS WITH THE ACTION. THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE HAS TWO VOICES: ACTIVE AND PASSIVE. ACTIVE: THE FANS GOT THEIR MERCH TWO WEEKS AFTER ORDERING IT. (FANS ARE THE SUBJECT) PASSIVE: THE MAIL HAS BROUGHT THE MERCH TO THE FANS. (FANS ARE THE SUBJECT BUT TREATED AS THE OBJECT) VERBALS: (VERB FORMS NOT USED AS VERBS) GERUND: WORD ENDING IN “ING” USED AS A NOUN. ARIANA GRANDE RARELY PARTICIPATES IN LIP-SINGING DURING LIVE PERFORMANCES. PARTICIPLE: WORD ENDING IN “ING” OR “ED” USED AS AN ADJECTIVE THERE WAS A TIME WHERE ARIANA GRANDE GOT CAUGHT LIPSINGING DURING ONE OF HER CONCERTS. RHIANNA HAS NEVER EXPERIENCED A DESERTED CONCERT,THEY WERE ALWAYS SOLD OUT. INFINITIVE: VERB PRECEDED BY THE WORD “TO” (TO GO, TO JUMP) USED AS NOUNS, ADJECTIVES, OR ADVERBS · THE BAND ¨COLDPLAY” ENJOYS TO PERFORM LIVE.
ADJECTIVES: MODIFY, DESCRIBE, LIMIT, AND IDENTIFY NOUNS AND PRONOUNS. KINDS: DEMONSTRATIVE, COMMON, PROPER DEMONSTRATIVE: THIS ALBUM IS BRAND NEW AND ON THE TOP 100! COMMON: THE LYRICS IN HER SONG WERE CHEESY, BUT EVERYONE ENJOYED SINGING ALONG. PROPER: THE BEATLES WERE KNOWN FOR THEIR AMAZING VOCALS. ADVERBS: MODIFY VERBS, ADJECTIVES, AND OTHER ADVERBS. ENDINGS: IGGY AZALEA STOOD UP AWKWARDLY AFTER FALLING DURING HER LIVE PERFORMANCE. CONVERSIONS: PASSION BECOMES PASSIONATELY TRUST BECOMES TRUSTWORTHY LOVE BECOMES LOVELY TYPES:MANNER, FREQUENCY, DEGREE, PLACE, TIME EXAMPLE TYPES: MANNER – JAY-Z LEFT THE STAGE QUICKLY AFTER GETTING THE CALL THAT HIS CHILD WAS BEING BORN. TIME – AFTER THE OPENING PERFORMANCE, LIL WAYNE WALKED ONTO THE STAGE SLOWLY. PLACE – LADY GAGA WILLINGLY PERFORMED IN THE SUPERBOWL HALFTIME IN 2017. DEGREE – SHAKIRA'S EXCEPTIONALLY GOOD WORK CANNOT BE OVERRECOGNIZED. FREQUENCY – DRAKE CONSISTENTLY DROPS GOOD ALBUMS. CONJUNCTIONS COORDINATING (FANBOYS): FOR, AND, NOR, BUT, OR, YET, SO CORRELATIVE: EITHER/OR; NEITHER/NOR; NOT ONLY/BUT ALSO; BOTH/AND; WHETHER/OR; AS/SO SUBORDINATE: AFTER, THOUGH AS, AS IF, AS LONG AS, AS THOUGHT, BECAUSE, BEFORE, IF, IN ORDER THAT, PROVIDED THAT, SINCE, SO, SO THAT, THAT, THOUGH, TILL, UNLESS, WHEN, WHERE, WHEREAS, WHILE RELATIVE PRONOUNS: WHO (REFERS TO PEOPLE), WHICH (REFERS TO NONLIVING OBJECT OR ANIMALS), THAT (MAY REFER TO ANIMALS OR NONLIVING OBJECTS)
PREPOSITIONS: LINK NOUNS, PRONOUNS, AND PHRASES TO OTHER PARTS OF THE SENTENCE. PREPOSITIONS ARE NEVER FOLLOWED BY VERBS. THERE ARE ONE-WORD PREPOSITIONS AND COMPLEX PREPOSITIONS. THESE ARE SOME COMMON ONE-WORD PREPOSITIONS: ABOARD, ABOUT, ABOVE, ACCORDING TO, ACROSS, ACROSS FROM, AFTER, AGAINST, ALONG, ALONGSIDE, ALONGSIDE OF, ALONG WITH, AMID, AMONG, APART FROM, AROUND, AS, AS FAR AS, ASIDE FROM, AT, AWAY FROM, BACK OF, BECAUSE OF, BEFORE, BEHIND, BELOW, BENEATH, BESIDE, BETWEEN, BEYOND, BUT (EXCEPT), BY, BY MEANS OF, CONCERNING, DESPITE, DOWN, DOWN FROM, EXCEPT, EXCEPT EXCLUDING FOR, FOR, FROM, FROM AMONG, FROM BETWEEN, FROM UNDER, IN, IN ADDITION TO, IN BEHALF OF, INCLUDING, IN FRONT OF, IN PLACE OF, IN REGARD TO, INSIDE, INSIDE OF, IN SPITE OF, INSTEAD OF, INTO, LIKE, NEAR, NEAR TO, NOTWITHSTANDING, OF, OFF, ON, ON ACCOUNT OF, ON BEHALF OF, ONTO, ON TOP OF, OPPOSITE, OUT, OUT OF, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE OF, OVER, OVER TO, OWING TO, PAST, PRIOR TO, TO, TOWARD, UNDER, UNDERNEATH, UNTIL, UNTO, UP, UPON, UP TO, VERSUS, WITH, WITHIN, WITHOUT. INTERJECTIONS: ARE THE FINAL PART OF THE SPEECH. A: AAH, AHA, AHEM, AHH, AHOY, ALAS, ARG, AW B: BAM, BINGO, BLAH, BOO, BRAVO, BRRR C: CHEERS, CONGRATULATIONS D: DANG, DRAT, DARN, DUH E: EEK, EH, ENCORE, EUREKA F: FIE, FIDDLESTICKS G: GADZOOKS, GEE, GEE WHIZ, GOLLY, GOODBYE, GOODNESS, GOOD GRIEF, GOSH H: HA-HA, HALLELUJAH, HELLO, HEY, HMM, HOLY BUCKETS, HOLY COW, HOLY SMOKES, HOT DOG, HUH?, HUMPH, HURRAY O: OH, OH DEAR, OH MY, OH WELL, OOPS, OUCH, OW P: PHEW, PHOOEY, POOH, POW R: RATS S: SHH, SHOO T: THANKS, THERE, TUT-TUT U: UH-HUH, UH-OH, UGH W: WAHOO, WELL, WHEW, WHOA, WHOOPS, WOW Y: YAY, YEAH, YES, YIKES, YIPPEE, YO, YUCK Z: ZING
TRANSITIONS OF LOGIC CHART
PHRASES AND CLAUSES
PHRASES – GROUPS OF WORDS THAT FUNCTION AS A PART OF SPEECH. NOUN PHRASE: A GROUP OF WORDS CONSISTING OF NOUNS OR PRONOUNS AND THEIR MODIFIERS THAT FUNCTION AS A NOUN. ALL THE ARTISTS ASPIRE TO GET AN AWARD THAT ACKNOWLEDGES THEIR WORK. VERB PHRASE: A GROUP OF WORDS CONSISTING OF VERBS WORKING TOGETHER AND THAT FUNCTION AS A VERB. THE ASSISTANT OF JUSTIN BEIBER KNEW HE WOULD BE WORKING HARD THIS WEEKEND SINCE IT WAS THE FIRST SHOW OF HIS TOUR. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE: A GROUP OF WORDS THAT BEGINS WITH A PREPOSITION AND ENDS WITH A NOUN, AND FUNCTIONS AS AN ADJECTIVE OR AN ADVERB. PITBULL IS FROM MIAMI AND HAS DONE SEVERAL SHOWS ABOARD A CRUISE SHIP. APPOSITIVE PHRASE: A GROUP OF WORDS THAT INCLUDE ALL THE WORDS THAT MODIFY AN APPOSITIVE AND FUNCTION AS AN ADJECTIVE - IT MUST BE SURROUNDED BY COMMAS. OLIVIA RODRIGO, A NEW ARTIST, WROTE SEVERAL HITS IN THE YEAR 2021. VERBAL PHRASES: A GROUP OF WORDS THAT BEGIN WITH A VERBAL AND ENDS WITH A NOUN. GERUND PHRASE VERB ENDING IN -ING THAT FUNCTIONS AS A NOUN. RUNNING DOWN THE STREET, THE FANS GOT TO WAVE GOODBYE TO HARRY STYLES, WHO WAS SPOTTED AFTER EATING DINNER IN LOS ANGELES. PARTICIPIAL PHRASE WORD ENDING IN -ING (PRESENT PARTICIPLE) OR -ED (PAST PARTICIPLE) THAT FUNCTIONS AS AN ADJECTIVE. MY OLDER SISTER ATTENDED HER FIRST DRAKE CONCERT WHEN IT WAS HELD AT AN ABANDONED WAREHOUSE. INFINITIVE PHRASE VERB PRECEDED BY THE WORD “TO” (TO READ, TO STUDY, TO WRITE) THAT FUNCTION AS NOUNS, ADJECTIVES, OR ADVERBS. MANY FANS OF NICKI MINAJ CONSTANTLY ENCOURAGE HER TO WRITE NEW SONGS. CLAUSES: GROUPS OF WORDS WITH BOTH A SUBJECT AND A VERB THAT FUNCTION AS PARTS OF SPEECH. THERE ARE TWO KINDS: INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT (CALLED “SUBORDINATE”) INDEPENDENT – CAN STAND ALONE AS A COMPLETE SENTENCE, KNOWN AS A SIMPLE SENTENCE PATTERN. BEYONCE'S CHOREOGRAPHERS AND DANCERS HAVE ALWAYS BEEN AMAZING AT THEIR JOB.
DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) – CANNOT STAND ALONE AS A COMPLETE SENTENCE AND MUST BEGIN WITH A SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION. THERE ARE SEVEN (7) KINDS: NOUN CLAUSE: USED AS THE NOUN IN A SENTENCE AND MAY FUNCTION AS A SUBJECT, A PREDICATE NOUN, A DIRECT OBJECT, AN OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION, AN INDIRECT OBJECT, OR AN APPOSITIVE. WHERE HE GREW UP FIRMLY MADE NIPSEY HUSSLE WHO HE IS. SELENA GOMEZ TAKES PHOTOS WITH WHOEVER ASKS, AS LONG AS SHE'S NOT BUSY. THAT THE DJ WAS HAPPY WHEN THE DANCE FLOOR WAS FILLED WITH EUPHORIC ENERGY. MIRANDA COSGROVE WISELY CHECKED WHAT SHE HAD FOR WARDROBE. ADJECTIVE CLAUSE: USED TO MODIFY A NOUN IN AN INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. SOME ADJECTIVE CLAUSES BEGIN WITH AN INTRODUCTORY WORD: THIS IS A CONCERT WHERE ALL FANS SING ALONG. THERE IS THE SINGER THAT I ASSUMED I WOULD NEVER SEE. THE INSTRUMENT THAT YOU WANTED HAS BEEN TAKEN BY SOMEONE ELSE. SOME ADJECTIVE CLAUSES BEGIN WITH RELATIVE PRONOUNS: SELENA QUINTANILLA IS OBVIOUSLY THE ONE WHO GOT NAMED ¨LA REINA DE TECNOCUMBIA¨. THERE GOES THE ARTIST WHOSE PREFERRED GENRE TO SING IS USUALLY POP. DURING CONCERTS IN 2021, THE AIR CONDITIONER AND DOORS MUST BE OPENED TO ASSURE THAT THE AIR CONTAINS NO VIRUSES. IS THIS THE ALBUM THAT YOU SO VEHEMENTLY WANT? KANYE'S ALBUM, DONDA, WAS THE ALBUM WHOM PEOPLE COMPARED WITH DRAKE'S ALBUM, CLB. CARDI B IS AN ARTIST WHO EASILY SHRUGS OFF CRITICISM. ADVERB CLAUSE: USED TO MODIFY VERBS, ADJECTIVES, AND ADVERBS IN AN INDEPENDENT CLAUSE, INTRODUCED BY A SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION AND USED TO INDICATE TIME, PLACE, CAUSE, PURPOSE, RESULT, CONDITION, AND/OR CONCESSION. MODIFYING VERBS: I UNFORTUNATELY GOT A SEAT IN THE CONCERT WHERE MANY OF US COULDN'T SEE IT. (PLACE) WHEN THE PERFORMANCE WAS FINALLY DONE, EVERYONE STAYED, WAITING FOR MORE.. (TIME) THEY SLUGGISHLY LEFT COACHELLA EARLY BECAUSE THEY WERE TIRED. (PURPOSE) OLIVIA RODRIGO SANG HER SONG AS IF SHE HAD JUST GOTTEN DEEPLY HEARTBROKEN. (CONDITION)MODIFYING ADJECTIVES: J-COLE IS WRITING AN ALBUM THAT SEEMS TO BE TAKING TWICE AS LONG AS IT USED TO TAKE. (HOW MUCH) WILLOW SMITH'S MUSIC IS AS GENUINELY GOOD AS HER FATHER'S ACTING CAREER. (TO WHAT EXTENT) MODIFYING ADVERBS: WILLOW SMITH WORKED HARDER THAN HER BROTHER TYPICALLY DOES IN REGARDS TO MUSIC. (CONDITION) RELATIVE CLAUSES: DEPENDENT CLAUSE THAT BEGINS WITH A RELATIVE PRONOUN. THE ARTIST WHO FINISHES FIRST WILL HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO MEET THEIR FANS OFF STAGE. ELLIPTICAL CLAUSES: ADVERB CLAUSES IN WHICH PART OF THE CLAUSE IS OMITTED. WHEN SINGING, NICKI MINAJI NEVER FAILS TO KEEP HER STAGE PRESENCE KNOWN AND REMEMBERED. ESSENTIAL CLAUSES: CLAUSES NECESSARY TO THE MEANING OF THE SENTENCE. THE ARTIST THAT MOST INFLUENCES OLIVIA RODRIGO IS CLEARLY TAYLOR SWIFT. NONESSENTIAL CLAUSES: CLAUSES THAT ARE NOT NECESSARY TO THE MEANING OF THE SENTENCE. KENDRICK LAMARS SONG, ¨HUMBLE¨, WHICH WAS RELEASED OVER 5 YEARS AGO, WAS ONE OF THE MANY HITS HE WROTE.
SENTENCES SENTENCE: A SET OF WORDS THAT CONTAINS A SUBJECT AND A PREDICATE AND CONVEYS A STATEMENT, COMMAND, QUESTION, OR AN EXCLAMATION. SENTENCE PARTS SUBJECT – WHAT/WHO THE SENTENCE IS ABOUT THE SISTER OF MICHAEL JACKSON HAD AN AMAZING VOCAL RANGE AND CONTINUED TO SING EVER AFTER HER BROTHER´S DEATH. PREDICATE – WHAT THE SUBJECT DOES THE SISTER OF MICHAEL JACKSON HAD EIGHT OTHER SIBLINGS WHICH INCLUDED FIVE BROTHERS AND THREE OTHER SISTERS. SENTENCE TYPES DECLARATIVE – A SENTENCE THAT MAKES A STATEMENT (ENDS WITH A PERIOD MARK) JANET JACKSON WAS MY SECOND FAVORITE SIBLING OF THE JACKSON FAMILY. IMPERATIVE – A SENTENCE THAT MAKES A COMMAND (ENDS WITH A PERIOD MARK) YOU NEED TO LISTEN TO ONE OF THE JACKSON FIVE'S SONGS. INTERROGATIVE – A SENTENCE THAT ASKS A QUESTION (ENDS WITH A QUESTION MARK) WHY WOULD ANYONE NOT WANT TO LISTEN TO THE JACKSON FIVE? EXCLAMATORY – A SENTENCE THAT EXPRESSES GREAT EMOTION, PASSION, EXCITEMENT (ENDS WITH AN EXCLAMATION MARK) I LOVE THE CHRISTMAS COVERS THE JACKSON FIVE WOULD DO, THEY WERE SO JOLLY!SENTENCE PATTERNS SENTENCE PATTERNS: SIMPLE SENTENCE: A SENTENCE THAT IS JUST ONE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. I ENJOY LISTENING TO CHRISTMAS SONGS. COMPOUND SENTENCE: A SENTENCE WITH MULTIPLE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES, BUT NO DEPENDENT CLAUSES - CONNECTED BY FANBOYS (COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS) OR A SEMICOLON (;). MANY ARTISTS HYPE UP ALBUMS BEFORE THEY EVEN RELEASE, BUT IT CAN BE SEEN AS A MARKETING STRATEGY. COMPLEX SENTENCE: A SENTENCE WITH ONE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE AND AT LEAST ONE DEPENDENT CLAUSE. I GENUINELY ENJOY LISTENING TO MUSIC, NO MATTER THE GENRE. COMPLEX-COMPOUND SENTENCE: A SENTENCE WITH MULTIPLE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES AND AT LEAST ONE DEPENDENT CLAUSE. WHETHER YOU LISTEN TO HER MUSIC OR NOT, MOSTLY EVERYONE CAN ADMIT THEY KNOW WHO NICKY MINAJ IS , EVEN IF IT IT JUST A FEW LYRICS FROM ONE OF HER SONGS.
LOOSE SENTENCE: A SENTENCE THAT CONTAINS AN INDEPENDENT CLAUSE PLUS A SUBORDINATE CONSTRUCTION (EITHER A CLAUSE OR PHRASE) WITH YOUR MAIN POINT AT THE BEGINNING. YOUR FIRST CONCERT IS GOING TO CHANGE YOUR LIFE, NO MATTER HOW THE EXPERIENCE WENT OR WHAT ARTIST YOU SAW. PERIODIC SENTENCE: A SENTENCE IN WHICH THE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE IS GIVEN AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE IN ORDER TO CREATE INTEREST OR GENERATE SUSPENSE WITH THE MAIN POINT COMING AT THE END. NO MATTER HOW THE EXPERIENCE OF YOUR FIRST CONCERT WENT , IT WILL CHANGE YOUR LIFE. PARALLEL STRUCTURE: A SENTENCE USING THE SAME PATTERN OF TWO OR MORE VERBS OR IDEAS THAT MATCH IN TENSE OR STRUCTURE TO SHOW THAT THEY ARE OF EQUAL IMPORTANCE AND TO HELP THE READER COMPREHEND WHAT IS BEING WRITTEN - THIS SENTENCE REQUIRES SYMMETRY. NEW ARTISTS TEND TO WORK THE HARDEST, TAKE A LITTLE BIT LONGER TO PRODUCE MUSIC, AND TO SUCCEED WHERE OTHERS FAIL BECAUSE OF THEIR DETERMINATION. BALANCED SENTENCE: A SENTENCE WHERE PHRASES OR CLAUSES AT THE BEGINNING AND THE END PARALLEL EACH OTHER BY VIRTUE OF THEIR LIKENESS OF STRUCTURE, MEANING, OR LENGTH - THIS SENTENCE REQUIRES SYMMETRY. MOST ARTISTS SPEND THEIR DAYS LISTENING TO THEIR OLD HITS AND TAKING NOTES FOR THEIR NEW SONGS TO COME. CHIASMUS: A SENTENCE THAT INCLUDES A REPETITION OF IDEAS (WORDS, PHRASES, OR CLAUSES) IN INVERTED (REVERSED) ORDER - THIS SENTENCE REQUIRES SYMMETRY. THE BEATLES PAVED THE WAY FOR ROCK BANDS AND MADE IT WHAT IT IS AND IT WOULD BE NOTHING WITHOUT THEM. ASYNDETON: A SENTENCE THAT LEAVES OUT CONJUNCTIONS BETWEEN WORDS, PHRASES, OR CLAUSES FOR A RHETORICAL PURPOSE. MOST ARTISTS TYPICALLY EXHIBIT DEDICATION, TENACITY, GRIT, EXCELLENCE. POLYSYNDETON: A SENTENCE THAT USES MULTIPLE CONJUNCTIONS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO EACH OTHER BETWEEN WORDS, PHRASES, OR CLAUSES FOR A RHETORICAL PURPOSE. MOST SUCCESSFUL ARTISTS TYPICALLY EXHIBIT DEDICATION AND TENACITY AND GRIT AND, ULTIMATELY, EXCELLENCE. ANAPHORA: A SENTENCE THAT FEATURES THE PURPOSEFUL REPETITION OF A WORD, WORDS, OR A PHRASE AT THE BEGINNING OF SEVERAL SUCCESSIVE CLAUSES IN ORDER TO PLACE EMPHASIS AND DRAW ATTENTION. FOR SO MANY PEOPLE, MUSIC CAN EASE STRESS AND BE THE BEST THING OF THEIR LIVES, WHILE FOR OTHERS MUSIC DOES NOT DO ANYTHING AND CAN BE CONSIDERED THE WORST PART OF THEIR LIVES, BUT MOST WILL AGREE THAT MUSIC CAN FEEL LIKE THE MOST FULFILLING PART OF THEIR LIVES. EPISTROPHE: A SENTENCE FEATURING SEVERAL PHRASES OR CLAUSES ENDING WITH THE SAME WORD OR WORDS. SONG WRITERS SO OFTEN SPEND THEIR DAYS WRITING FOR ARTISTS, THEIR NIGHTS REREADING THEIR SONGS THEY WROTE FOR ARTISTS , THEIR BREAKS THINKING ABOUT WRITING THAT SOMETIMES CAN FEEL LIKE THEY LIVE ONLY FOR WRITING SONGS.
SENTENCE ERRORS RUN-ON/RAMBLING/FUSED SENTENCE – A SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION ERROR WHERE TWO OR MORE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES ARE CONNECTED INCORRECTLY WITHOUT PUNCTUATION. THE SINGER WANTED TO TAKE A BREAK ON THEIR TOUR THEY NEEDED A BREAK TO LIVE THEIR LIFE OF BEING AN ARTIST. [WRONG] THE SINGER WANTED TO TAKE A BREAK ON THEIR TOUR BECAUSE THEY NEEDED A BREAK TO LIVE THEIR LIFE OTHER THAN BEING AN ARTIST.[RIGHT] COMMA SPLICE – A SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION ERROR WHERE TWO OR MORE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES ARE CONNECTED INCORRECTLY USING COMMAS THE BAND WANTED TO STOP WORKING TOGETHER, THEY NEEDED TO PART WAYS TO BECOME THEIR OWN INDIVIDUAL ARTISTS. [WRONG] THE BAND WANTED TO STOP WORKING TOGETHER. THEY NEEDED TO PART WAYS; TO BECOME THEIR OWN INDIVIDUAL ARTISTS. [RIGHT] FRAGMENT – INCOMPLETE SENTENCE PIECES THAT ARE NOT CONNECTED TO OR DO NOT FORM AN INDEPENDENT CLAUSE BECAUSE THE ARTIST HAD NO TIME. [WRONG] BECAUSE THE ARTIST HAD NO TIME, THEY HAD TO WORK FASTER. [RIGHT] MISPLACED/DANGLING MODIFIERS – MODIFIERS ARE WORDS, PHRASES, OR CLAUSES THAT ADD DESCRIPTION; A MISPLACED MODIFIER DESCRIBES THE WRONG PART OF A SENTENCE AND A DANGLING MODIFIER IS MISSING THE PART IT’S SUPPOSED TO MODIFY AT THE MEET AND GREET, THE SINGER GAVE A SIGNED PHOTO TO THE FAN THAT WAS QUITE SMALL.[WRONG] AT THE MEET AND GREET, THE SINGER GAVE A SIGNED PHOTO THAT WAS QUITE SMALL TO THE FAN.[RIGHT] DOUBLE NEGATIVE – COMBINING TWO OR MORE NEGATIVE WORDS IN A SENTENCE IN A WAY THAT IS SUPPOSED TO PRODUCE A POSITIVE FORCE THE PRODUCER KNEW THAT IT WOULDN’T DO THEM NO GOOD TO WASTE TIME. [WRONG] THE PRODUCER KNEW THAT IT WOULD NOT DO THEM ANY GOOD TO WASTE TIME. [RIGHT]
PARAGRAPHS
(USING MY NON-FICTION ASSIGNED BOOK: THE FIRE NEXT TIME, BY JAMES BALDWIN) PARAGRAPHS – A GROUP OF SENTENCES THAT TOGETHER CONVEY A SHARED PURPOSE STRUCTURED AROUND THE SAME TOPIC. INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPHS (INTRODUCTIONS) HOOK (LEAD / OPENING STATEMENT) – CAN BEGIN WITH THE TITLE ANECDOTAL (BRIEF STORY TO SET THE MOOD AND LEAD THE READER INTO THE TOPIC) EX. THE 1954–1968 CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES WAS PRECEDED BY A DECADES-LONG CAMPAIGN BY AFRICAN AMERICANS AND THEIR LIKE-MINDED ALLIES TO END LEGALIZED RACIAL DISCRIMINATION, DISENFRANCHISEMENT AND RACIAL SEGREGATION IN THE UNITED STATES.THIS MOVEMENT SHED LIGHT ON SEVERLA MAJOR ISSUE IN THE UNITED STATES, THAT TO THIS DAY CONTINUES TO GO ON. QUERY BASED (QUESTION THAT BRINGS THE READER TO THE TOPIC - AVOID SECOND PERSON POV “YOU”) EX. HAS ONE EVER CONSIDERED HOW IT WOULD BE GROWING UP AS AN AFRICAN AMERICAN MAN DURING THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, WHERE ONE WAS SEEN AS LESS THAN AND TREATED HORRENDOUSLY? THESIS STATEMENTS (THE PURPOSE OF A PIECE OF WRITING – USUALLY ONE SENTENCE IN LENGTH, BUT CAN BE LONGER DEPENDING ON THE PURPOSE – MUST BE SOMETHING THAT IS ARGUABLE) ASSERTION (CLAIM - A SUBJECT + A “SO WHAT” ABOUT THE SUBJECT) EX. JAMES ARTHUR BALDWIN WAS AN AMERICAN NOVELIST, PLAYWRIGHT, ESSAYIST, POET, AND ACTIVIST. FACT (EMPIRICALLY VERIFIABLE BUT OFTEN DIFFICULT TO ARGUE EXTENSIVELY ABOUT - BETTER USED AS EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT A CLAIM) EX. RACIAL DISRCIMINATION CONTINUES TO OCCUR TO THIS DAY IN ALL COUNTRIES, INCLUDING THE UNITED STATES. OPINION (PERSONAL POSITION ON A TOPIC) EX. JAMES BALDWIN IS AN AMAZING WRITER WHO TRULY PUTS ALL HIS EMOTION AND SOUL INTO HIS WORK THAT MAKES THE READERS FEEL AS IF THEY WERE THERE. BELIEF (SOCIAL, RELIGIOUS, OR POLITICAL IN NATURE – AN OPINION HELD BY MANY TO BE A FACT, THOUGH IT IS NOT NECESSARILY FACTUAL – OFTEN INVOLVES A JUDGEMENT) EX. EVEN THOSE WHO WERE RELIGIOUS WERE EXTREMELY RACIALLY DISCRIMINATORY DESPITE WHAT THEIR BIBLE STATES IN REGARDS TO LOVING ALL GOD'S CREATIONS. GENERALIZATION (USES ABSOLUTE OR STATISTICAL PRONOUNS: ALL, ALWAYS, EVERY, NEVER, NONE, MOST, HALF – AVOID USING THIS TYPE OF THESIS STATEMENT UNLESS CITING THE SOURCE OF THE DATA) EX. DESPITE ALL THE HARD WORK AND DETERMINATION THAT WAS PUT INTO THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, AFRICAN AMERICANS UNFORTUNATELY STILL GO THROUGH RACIAL DISCRIMENTATION.
DOCUMENT BASED (CITES A SPECIFIC SOURCE, AUTHOR, AND POSITION ON A TOPIC) EX. IN JAMES BALDWIN'S BOOK, THE FIRE NEXT TIME, HE INCLUDES TWO ESSAYS THAT WERE WRITTEN IN THE 1960S DURING A TIME OF SEGREGATION BETWEEN WHITE AND BLACK AMERICANS. THEORY (A STATEMENT THAT CAN BE TESTED AND POTENTIALLY PROVEN - OFTEN ANSWERS A RESEARCH QUESTION) EX. IT IS SAID THAT IN JAMES BLADWIN’S ESSAYS, HIS PURPOSE WAS TO REACH A MASS WHITE AUDIENCE AND HELP THEM TO BETTER UNDERSTAND BLACK AMERICANS' STRUGGLE FOR EQUAL RIGHTS. CLARIFICATION/EXPANSION OF THESIS (COULD EXTEND THE THESIS, PREVIEW THE EVIDENCE SUPPORTING THE THESIS, GIVE THE PURPOSE OF THESIS, ESTABLISH THE IMPORTANCE OR SIGNIFICANCE OF EXAMINING THE INTRICACIES OF THE THESIS – THIS COULD BE SEVERAL SENTENCES LONG) EX. JAMES BALDWIN’S ESSAY COMES FROM HIS PERSONAL EXPERIENCE OF LIVING DURING THE TIME OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, IN ADDITION, AS AN AFRICAN AMERICAN MAN HE UNFORTUNATELY WENT THROUGH TERRIBLE THINGS THAT HE DOES SHARE IN HIS LETTER TO HIS NEPHEW, IN HOPE TO INFORM AND ACKNOWLEDGE. BODY PARAGRAPHS (MUST HAVE ECHOES OF THE THESIS IN EACH AND PRESENT EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT OR EXPAND ON THE THESIS) TOPIC SENTENCES (MUST SPECIFICALLY INDICATE THE TOPIC OF THE PARAGRAPH AND FOCUS ON ONE SUBJECT AND/OR AREA OF EVIDENCE OR SUPPORT – COULD START WITH A “TRANSITION OF LOGIC” THAT CONNECTS TO THE PREVIOUS PARAGRAPH TO GIVE CONTEXT) EX. ADDITIONALLY, MULTIPLE SOURCES INDICATE THAT THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT SHED LIGHT ON THE RACIAL DISCRIMENTATION THAT PEOPLE OF COLOR UNFORTUNATELY FACED. (NOW EVERY SENTENCE IN THIS PARAGRAPH MUST BE RELATED TO THE CONNECTION BETWEEN FAST FOOD AND HEALTH) PRESENTING EVIDENCE FROM QUOTATIONS (QUOTES SHOULD NEVER BE USED AS INDIVIDUAL SENTENCES – QUOTES SHOULD BE EMBEDDED WITHIN SENTENCES) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “YOU WERE BORN THE WAY YOU WERE BORN AND FACED THE FUTURE THAT YOU FACED BECAUSE YOU WERE BLACK AND FOR NO OTHER REASON.” (BALDWIN 19) EX. EVEN STATED BY JAMES BALDWIN HIMSELF, “YOU WERE BORN THE WAY YOU WERE BORN AND FACED THE FUTURE THAT YOU FACED BECAUSE YOU WERE BLACK AND FOR NO OTHER REASON.” (BALDWIN 19) EXAMINING THE EVIDENCE PARAPHRASING (REWORDING OF A QUOTE INTO OTHER WORDS OF THE SAME LENGTH WITHOUT QUOTATION MARKS, BUT STILL CITING THE SOURCE - USEFUL FOR EXAMINING THE QUOTE AND TRANSITIONING TO YOUR ANALYSIS OF THE QUOTE) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “WELL, HE IS DEAD, HE NEVER SAW YOU, HE HAD A TERRIBLE LIFE ; HE WAS DEFEATED LONG BEFORE HE DIED BECAUSE, AT THE BOTTOM OF HIS HEART , HE REALLY BELIEVED WHAT WHITE PEOPLE SAID ” (BALDWIN 15). EX. PARAPHRASE – IN OTHER WORDS, THE DISCRIMINTATION THAT AFRICAN AMERICANS RECEIVED SET THEM UP FOR LIFE BEFORE THEY COULD EVEN LIVE. SUMMARIZING (CONDENSING LARGER QUOTES OR SECTIONS - USEFUL FOR CLOSING THE EXAMINATION OF THE QUOTE/EVIDENCE AND TRANSITIONING TO YOUR ANALYSIS OF THE QUOTE)
ORIGINAL QUOTE – “I DID NOT INTEND TO ALLOW THE WHITE PEOPLE OF THIS COUNTRY TO TELL ME WHO I WAS, AND LIMIT ME THAT WAY, AND POLISH ME OFF THAT WAY. AND YET, OF COURSE, AT THE SAME TIME, I WAS BEING SPAT ON AND DEFINED AND DESCRIBED AND LIMITED, AND COULD HAVE BEEN POLISHED OFF WITH NO EFFORT WHATEVER.”(BALDWIN 35) EX. SUMMARY – DESPITE THE SELF AWARENESS OF KNOWING HOW A HUMAN BEING SHOULD BE TREATED, UNFORTUNATELY AFRICAN AMERICANS STILL FACED INHUMANE TREATMENT THAT THEY KNEW WAS NOT RIGHT AND FORBADE THEMSELVES TO BE TREATED LIKE THAT BUT THEY DID NOT HAVE THE FREEDOM TO STAND UP FOR THEMSELVES. ABSTRACT EXAMPLES (HYPOTHETICAL, “WHAT IF” EXAMPLES THAT DO NOT REFER TO A SOURCE – AVOID USING THEM AS EVIDENCE – BUT USEFUL FOR EXAMINING THE QUOTE) EX. MANY PEOPLE MIGHT NOT BE ABLE TO PLACE THEMSELVES IN THE SHOES OF JAMES BLADWIN AND HIS FAMILY, BUT THROUGH HIS ESSAYS HE GIVES US A REALISTIC VIEW AS TO HOW HIS LIFE WAS. CONCRETE EXAMPLES (ACTUAL EXAMPLES THAT DO REFER TO A SOURCE – USEFUL FOR ENHANCING YOUR ANALYSIS OF THE QUOTE) EX. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT WAS A STRUGGLE FOR JUSTICE AND EQUALITY FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS THAT TOOK PLACE MAINLY IN THE 1950S AND 1960S. CLOSING SENTENCES (MUST END THE DISCUSSION OF THE TOPIC WITHIN THE PARAGRAPH WITH A TRANSITIONAL OR CULMINATING WORD – POSSIBLY AN ADVERB – AND SHOULD ECHO THE THESIS OF THE ESSAY) EX. DESPITE ALL THE HORRENDOUS THINGS JAMES BLADWIN EXPERIENCES AND WRITES IN HIS POEMS, HE STILL BELIEVES IN EDUCATING AND REACHING A MASS WHITE AUDIENCE AND TO HELP THEM TO BETTER UNDERSTAND BLACK AMERICANS' STRUGGLE FOR EQUAL RIGHTS. CLOSING PARAGRAPHS (CONCLUSIONS – SHOULD NOT BE MERE SUMMARIES OF THE PREVIOUS PARAGRAPHS OF YOUR ESSAY) CONSEQUENCES OF DISREGARDING THE THESIS (ESTABLISHING THE POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES OF DISREGARDING THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE THESIS – CREATING A COUNTERARGUMENT – COULD BE ONE OR MORE SENTENCES) EX. DESPITE THE FACT THAT THERE ARE SEVERAL CAUCASIAN PEOPLE WHO DISREGARD THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT AND CONTINUE TO TREAT AFRICAN AMERICANS POORLY, THERE ARE NOW MORE RIGHTS GIVEN TO AFRICAN AMERICANS BECAUSE OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT THAT TRULY WAS A STEP FORWARD COMPARED TO BACKWARD OR NOT MOVING ALONG AT ALL. STATEMENT(S) OF EXTENSION (EXTENDING THE CONSEQUENCES OF DISREGARDING THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE THESIS – COULD BE ONE OR MORE SENTENCES) EX. AS SUCH, THE INFORMATION PROVIDED BY JAMES BALDWIN IN HIS ESSAYS OF HIS EXPERIENCE TRULY DOES PROVIDE AN INSIDE LOOK ON HOW PEOPLE OF COLOR WERE TREATED DURING THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT. REESTABLISHING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE THESIS (COULD BE ONE OR MORE SENTENCES) EX. THUS, IN JAMES BLADWINS SERIES OF ESSAYS, HE TRULY DOES PROVIDE A GREATER UNDERSTANDING ON HOW THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTS AFFECTED HIM PERSONALLY AND HIS FAMILY TO COME. BECAUSE OF THIS, THE AUDIENCE IS ABLE TO SYMPATHIZE, BECOME MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE, AND APPRECIATE THE STRUGGLES THAT AFRICAN AMERICAN PEOPLE HAD AND STILL CONTINUE TO GO THROUGH. FINAL SENTENCE (CLOSING STATEMENT THAT CONNECTS TO THE HOOK AND FINISHES THE ESSAY (FINISH YOUR ARGUMENT) – THE “SMOKY THE BEAR”/”DROP THE MIC”/DOT DOT DOT MOMENT…) EX. JAMES BALDWIN IS AN AMAZING WRITER WHO TRULY PUTS ALL HIS EMOTION AND SOUL INTO HIS WORK THAT MAKES THE READERS FEEL AS IF THEY WERE THERE. BECAUSE OF HIS BOOK, THE FIRE NEXT TIME, I AM ABLE TO GET A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF HOW THINGS WERE LIKE FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS DURING THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT.
ESSAYS ESSAYS – AN ESSAY IS A PIECE OF WRITING THAT GIVES THE AUTHOR'S OWN ARGUMENT, BUT THE DEFINITION IS VAGUE, OVERLAPPING WITH THOSE OF A LETTER, A PAPER, AN ARTICLE, A PAMPHLET, AND A SHORT STORY. TYPES – EXPLAIN EACH TYPE OF ESSAY AND STATE ITS PURPOSE PERSUASIVE (ARGUMENTATIVE): IT PERSUADES THE READER AS WELL AS ARGUES WHY THEIR OPINION IS CORRECT EXPOSITORY (INFORMATIVE)-IT INFORMS BY USING FACTUAL EVIDENCE BASED ON DATA OR PRIMARY SOURCE INFORMATION. DEFINITION OR DESCRIPTION:THE FICTION-WRITING MODE FOR TRANSMITTING A MENTAL IMAGE OF THE PARTICULARS OF A STORY. PROCESS (HOW-TO)-IT GIVES A DIRECT GUIDE WITH INSTRUCTIONS COMPARE AND CONTRAST-IT PROVIDES THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF THE TOPIC CAUSE AND EFFECT-IT GIVES THE REASON AS TO WHY SOMETHING OCCURS AS WELL AS THE CONSEQUENCES/ FAULTS OF WHAT OCCURRED ANALYTICAL/CRITICAL: ASKS THE WRITER TO MAKE AN ARGUMENT ABOUT A PARTICULAR BOOK, ESSAY, MOVIE, ETC. EVALUATIVE- A COMPOSITION THAT OFFERS VALUE JUDGMENTS ABOUT A PARTICULAR SUBJECT ACCORDING TO A SET OF CRITERIA INTERPRETIVE-ONE IN WHICH YOU INTERPRET A PIECE OF LITERATURE—A BOOK, ESSAY, PLAY, OR POEM. NARRATIVE (TELLS A STORY)- TYPE OF ESSAY THAT HAS A SINGLE MOTIF, OR A CENTRAL POINT, AROUND WHICH THE WHOLE NARRATIVE REVOLVES. PERSONAL STATEMENT/ANECDOTE- A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF AN EVENT OR INCIDENT FROM YOUR REAL LIFE RESEARCH-AN ESSAY IN WHICH YOU EXPLAIN WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED AFTER EXPLORING YOUR TOPIC IN DEPTH TIMED-REQUIRE YOU TO DEMONSTRATE DISCIPLINARY KNOWLEDGE BY PRODUCING A WRITING SAMPLE WITHIN A LIMITED TIME PERIOD. DOCUMENT BASED QUESTION (DBQ)-AN ESSAY OR SERIES OF SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS THAT IS CONSTRUCTED BY STUDENTS USING ONE'S OWN KNOWLEDGE COMBINED WITH SUPPORT FROM SEVERAL PROVIDED SOURCES. SYNTHESIS-A WRITTEN DISCUSSION INCORPORATING SUPPORT FROM SEVERAL SOURCES OF DIFFERING VIEWS. STRATEGIES/PLANNING TIPS/STEPS – EXPLAIN HOW TO PLAN AND ORGANIZE ESSAYS AND HOW TO ANALYZE AND BREAK DOWN PROMPTS. PRE-WRITING/PROMPT ANALYSIS/OUTLINING- FIVE USEFUL STRATEGIES ARE LISTING, CLUSTERING, FREEWRITING, LOOPING, AND ASKING THE SIX JOURNALISTS' QUESTIONS. THESE STRATEGIES HELP YOU WITH BOTH YOUR INVENTION AND ORGANIZATION OF IDEAS, AND CAN AID YOU IN DEVELOPING TOPICS FOR YOUR WRITING. RESEARCHING/EVALUATING OF SOURCES-EVALUATING SOURCES MEANS RECOGNIZING WHETHER THE INFORMATION YOU READ AND INCLUDE IN YOUR RESEARCH IS CREDIBLE. THERE ARE SIX (6) CRITERIA THAT SHOULD BE APPLIED WHEN EVALUATING ANY WEB SITE: AUTHORITY, ACCURACY, OBJECTIVITY, CURRENCY, COVERAGE, AND APPEARANCE.
WORK CITED PAGE – EXPLAIN AND GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF HOW TO SET UP A WORKS CITED ENTRY IN BOTH MLA AND APA FORMATS - THERE ARE SUBTLE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EACH FORMAT, SO BE SURE TO IDENTIFY THEM CLEARLY. MLA FORMAT-MLA CITING FORMAT OFTEN INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING PIECES OF INFORMATION, IN THIS ORDER: AUTHOR'S LAST NAME, FIRST NAME. "TITLE OF SOURCE." TITLE OF CONTAINER, OTHER CONTRIBUTORS, VERSION, NUMBERS, PUBLISHER, PUBLICATION DATE, LOCATION. APA FORMAT1. “REFERENCES” IS CENTERED 1-INCH DOWN. IT'S NOT CAPITALIZED, BOLD, OR ITALICIZED. 2. THE REFERENCE CITATIONS ARE DOUBLE SPACED WITH NO ADDITIONAL LINES BETWEEN THEM. 3. REFERENCES THAT GO PAST THE FIRST LINE HAVE A HANGING INDENT. 4. ALL REFERENCES ARE IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER.