FIFA Book
The of
Writing
By:
Andy Perez
Table of Contents Introduction About the Author Dedication Punctuation and Capitalization Parts of Speech Phrases and Clauses Sentences Paragraphs Essays 3 4 5 6 8 13 16 20 24
For this book to be more educational and interesting at the same time, I decided for my subject on the book to be about FIFA. When I mean FIFA I don’t mean the video game FIFA, but the real world organization. Things that are talked about are the different events that have occurred in the past, what has happened now, what’s going to happen next, and also how FIFA works and is divided. The reason I chose this subject is because even though I have been playing soccer for almost half of my life, I never knew anything about FIFA and what it really is, so I researched about FIFA and wrote this book at the same time.
Introduction 3
This book contains the lessons and teachings for those who want to learn to write properly. This was a project that was assigned by my 11th grade English teacher, Mr. Rodriguez. I worked on this book from the beginning of the semester in August to the end, which is now December. This book covers concepts and ideas about punctuation all the way to essays.
About the Author 4
I am the son of two Mexican parents who work hard to provide for their four sons, a younger brother to three older brothers who are very unique, a musician who enjoys making elegant music with others, a soccer player who loves to play with his teammates who are like family, a cousin who likes to spend time with his two closest cousins, and someone who likes to cook.
I learned to write stories in elementary school, which were very short and simple. My writing skills increased and were improved by my middle school English teachers. I was taught many new and unique ideas that I was given so I can implement them into my writing. I received the knowledge of many different kinds of essays that are written, how to format or structure them, and what each essay is best for you to express your thoughts or statements to someone. My vocabulary also became better when I entered high school. It helped my writing become intriguing.
Dedication 5
I would like to dedicate this book to those who are passionate about soccer. Soccer is probably the most popular sport internationally. It has brought positivity to many people throughout the world and people are connected together even if our cultures, languages, and beliefs are different, we can communicate through futbol.
Fifa has been around from 1904-present, which is 117 years.
4. - En dash (used to hyphenate)
Fifa has the highest authority being the governing body of association football.
1. . Period (a period is used to end a sentence, and too also abbreviate)
Fifa’s most popular league is in Europe: the Premier League.
Football is the most popular sport in the world, although it is known in the US and Canada as soccer
9. ‘ Apostrophe (contraction, possession, and quote mark)
10. “ ” Quotation Marks (dialogue, comes from an outside source)
Jurgen Klopp says Fifa's plan for the World Cup to be every two years is ‘all about money’.
Lionel Messi said, “I’d never imagined I’d be leaving Barcelona”, which was his family and home. 6
3. – Em dash (draws emphasis towards something or can replace commas, parentheses, and colons)
7. ? Question Mark (ends an interrogative sentence)
5. : Colon (whatever come after the colon is directly related, usually the answer)
Punctuation & Capitalization
Fifa is broken up into 6 main federations–but counting all would be about 211–those would be Africa, Asia, Europe, North & Central America and the Caribbean, Oceania and South America.
Do you think it is possible to start our own league with permission from Fifa?
PUNCTUATION– Identify the functions of each mark and create one (1) example sentence of the usage for each mark.
6. ; Semicolon (separates independent clauses so you can add more information to a sentence)Theheadquarters of Fifa is in Zürich, Switzerland; the president of the organization is Gianni Infantino.
2. , Comma (whatever is in front and back of the comma they can be switched)
8. ! Exclamation Point (is use to end an exclamatory sentence) Chelsea won the UEFA Champions League!
CAPITALIZATION
Neymar’s421..3..5.
(Capitalize21..
13. ( ) Parentheses (parenthetical which means it is not necessary, can be useful but not be needed.)
(Capitalize Most Words in Titles which would be the first word, all nouns, all verbs, all adjectives, and all proper nouns) - The American soccer league MLS is short for Major Soccer League. (Capitalize Cities, Countries, Nationalities, and Languages) - The National Futbol team I root for is Mexico.
14. / Backslash (and/or (indicates a choice) Miss/Mrs./Ms./Dr. shorthand for per,and, and or) Erling Haaland earns a $1.8 million/week salary.
Time Period and Events) - Some professional soccer clubs had players deployed into the war during World War II. 7
Lionel Messi (and Sergio Ramos) transferred to PSG.
First Word of a Sentence) - The organization Fifa stands for Fédération Internationale de Football Association.
(Do not capitalize after a colon except if there is a proper noun or a complete sentence) - Cristian Ronaldo transferred to a new club: Manchester United. (Capitalize the First Word of a Quote) - Ronaldo said “Only water, I don’t drink (Capitalizecoke.” Days, Months, and Holidays, but not seasons)
12. [ ] Brackets (you can add something into a quote and use brackets to indicate that it comes from another source) Stated by Lionel Messi “I’d never imagined I’d be leaving [my home] Barcelona.
(Capitalize Name and Other Proper Nouns) - Did you see the goal Mbappe made this (Capitalizemorning?the
– Identify and create one (1) example sentence for each rule of capitalization. birthday is in February.
11. … Ellipses (can be used to shorten a quote, or something there is not included or not said) Ceferin said he wouldn’t mind if Barcelona left the Champions League...
Functions (How nouns are used):
Cristiano Ronaldo scored two goals in his second debut with Manchester United.
·
·
PSG claimed Messi through a transfer fee of nothing.
PSG is offering 500,000 euros a week for Lionel Messi's contract.
Subject (comes before the verb)
Parts of
TypesNOUNSof nouns: Common Nouns: name a class of people, places, things, or ideas. stadium, ball, grass, fans Nouns: give the name or title of a particular person, place, thing, or idea (must be capitalized). Gold Cup, Fifa, Le Parc des Princes Nouns: consist of words used together to form a single noun. sideline, halftime, ballboys Concrete Nouns: refer to material things, to people, or to places. defence, attackers, stands, field
EX:
·
·
Speech
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Indirect Object (answers to who or to whom)
· Proper
Abstract Nouns: name ideas, qualities, concepts, emotions, or attitudes. organization, spirit, disappointment , plans, formations
Direct Object (comes after the verb and answers what or whom)
· Compound
EX:
·
·
EX:
EX:
EX:
NominativePersonal: (subjects) Objective
Reflexive: (personal pronouns plus the suffix –self or –selves) Used whenonly:theaction
Your,
NominativeRelative:
verb is directed toward the subject of the construction: Cristiano trained himself more harshly than other players did throughout their tolife.intensify a point:
Objective Possessive who whom whose That that of that those/ who,Interrogative:thiswhich,what, whatever, whoever
The coordinator himself delivered the speech. Even though it was hard work, “I can finish the job myself” the student thought. this,Demonstrative:these that, those all,Indefinite:another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, few, many, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, somebody, someone, such. 9
one/they him,
His,
PronounsPRONOUNStake
Possessive My, mine
I/we me/us you/you you/you He, she,
the place of nouns that have been established. (objects) it, her, it, one/them our, ours yours your, yours her, hers, its, one’s their, theirs
Voice: Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action. The English language has two voices: ACTIVE and PASSIVE.
stative verbs (describe a condition)
transitive verbs (verbs followed by a direct object)
intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take direct objects)
Types: There are at least eleven (11) types of verbs: auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) linking verbs (verbs that do not describe action, but connect the subject of a sentence to other parts of the sentence – usually the predicate)
lexical verbs (main verbs) dynamic verbs (indicate action)
Active: Sheriff scored a last minute goal to win against Real Madrid(Sheriff is the subject) 10
Tense: verbs indicate time via tenses: simple presentpresentpastpastpastpastperfectprogressivesimplepresentpresentpresentperfectprogressiveperfectprogressivefuturefutureperfect
the time, action, and state of being of a subject.
finitive verbs (indicate tense) nonfinitive verbs (infinitives or participles) regular verbs (weak verbs) irregular verbs (strong verbs)
VerbsVERBSshow
Demonstrative: Gianluigi Buffon is one of the oldest soccer players playing in professional soccer at the moment.
Passive: Real Madrid lost the match to Sheriff’s last-minute goal (Sheriff is the subject but treated as the object)
· People always badmouth the corrupted referees because sometimes they are very biased or are motivated by some kind of payment.
·
CoordinatingConfederation.(FANBOYS): for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Correlative: Either/or; neither/nor; not only/but also; both/and; whether/or; Subordinate:as/so after, though as, as if, as long as, as thought, because, before, if, in order that, provided that, since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while Relative pronouns: who (refers to people), which (refers to nonliving object or animals), that (may refer to animals or nonliving objects)
AdjectivesADJECTIVESmodify, describe, limit, and identify nouns and pronouns.
· Fifa runs in one whole organization but its groupings are in 6 total
Participle:Confederations.word ending in “ing” or “ed” used as an adjective
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Proper: AFC is the Asian Football Cup, also known as the Asian Football
Gerund: word ending in “ing” used as a noun.
Common: The fans are endless.
· There are more practicing fields in Europe than here in the United States.
Antoine Griezmann likes to play video games outside of his practice/exercise
· Kinds: Demonstrative, Common, Proper (Give one example of each using words related to your subject) CONJUNCTIONS
Infinitive: verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs
Verbals: (VERB FORMS NOT USED AS VERBS)
Waa:Pooh
Onomatopoeia for crying
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Bingo: To express that something is correct
Yikes: Used to indicate shock or fear
Ahoy: A greeting, particularly in a nautical context
Doh: Popularized by Homer Simpson, used when something goes wrong
PrepositionsPREPOSITIONSlink
nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts of the sentence. Prepositions are NEVER followed by verbs. There are one-word prepositions and complex prepositions. These are some common one-word prepositions: aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except, except excluding for, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding, of, off, on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, InterjectionsINTERJECTIONSwithout.are the final part of speech.
Oops: Used in the context of an accident
Nah: A casual variant of the word "no"
Tut: To express annoyance, more common in British English, as in Winnie the
Aha: Exclaiming a great finding or revelation
Absolutely: To express certainty
Behold: To draw attention to something
Anyhow: To move a conversation along, like "anyway"
Woah: Utterance of amazement or surprise
Dang: Exclamation of disappointment
Hmmm: Thinking or pondering about something
Hallelujah: A happy expression, literally meaning "God be praised"
Appositive Phrase: A group of words that include all the words that modify an appositive and function as an adjective - IT MUST BE SURROUNDED BY COMMAS.
Noun Phrase: A group of words consisting of nouns or pronouns and their modifiers that function as a noun.
All of the countries willing to participate in the World Cup must compete in the World Cup Qualifiers.
Most of the countries in the world are active in the football (soccer) society.
Verb Phrase: A group of words consisting of verbs working together and that function as a verb. He must decide if he should go through physical therapy to continue playing Prepositionalprofessionally.Phrase:
Verbal Phrases: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun.
PHRASES– groups of words that function as a part of speech.
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Real Madrid, full of revenge, in their second match with Sheriff won with a score fof 3-0.
Hiring a former CIA officer, Qatar gained the privilege to host the next World Cup.Fifa has finally released the nominees for the Best Awards. The club knew they had to replace the manager of Manchester United.
Participial Phrase word ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed (past participle) that functions as an adjective.
A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and functions as an adjective or an adverb. The fans in the stands cheered and chanted for their teams.
Phrases & Clauses
Gerund Phrase verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun.
Infinitive Phrase verbs preceded by the word “to” (to read, to study, to write) that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.
CAN stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern. Real Madrid has the most title wins in the Champions League.
ClausesCLAUSES–
Lewandowski should have been the one who got awarded the ballon d’or, but according to statistics, Messi won it fair and square. Neymar is the one who got his ankle injured this past weekend
He was then suspended for his violent actions on the field. Where she was there was no cheering and excited fans. After he was given the ballon d’or, he dedicated the award to his family and fans. The Colombian defender that was sadly murdered, because of his mistake during the World Cup in July 1994.
groups of words with BOTH a subject and a verb that function as parts of speech. There are TWO kinds: Independent and Dependent (called INDEPENDENT“Subordinate”)–
Adjectiveappositive.Clause:
The commentators cheered because the team scored a last-minute goal. They trained all night as if this was their last chance to improve their skills.
DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) – CANNOT stand alone as a complete sentence and MUST begin with a SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION. There are seven (7) kinds:
Used to modify a noun in an independent clause. Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word: Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns:
Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an
Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause, introduced by a subordinate conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or concession. Modifying verbs: 14
There have been professional players that surprisingly tested positive for drug tests but sometimes they were false.
The fan-favorite player will stay in the club as long as the fans want him there, which will probably be till the end of his career. Mark practiced harder than his teammates did so he can become a starter.
Elliptical Clauses: Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted.
Essential Clauses: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence. Nonessential Clauses: Clauses that are NOT necessary to the meaning of the sentence.
Modifying adjectives: Modifying adverbs: Relative Clauses: Dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun.
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The(condition)player who puts in the most effort gets to be team captain. When dribbling, he constantly looks down at his feet.
The method that Sepp Blatter used to win was to bribe the delegates. Ranked as the best football player with Diego Maradona right behind him, is Pele, a brazilian player.
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Xavi Hernandez wants to become the next Barcelona manager.
Sentence
SENTENCE– a set of words that contains a subject and a predicate and conveys a statement, command, question, or an exclamation.
Predicate – what the subject does Xavi Hernandez wants to become the next Barcelona manager.
Interrogative – a sentence that asks a question (ends with a question mark)
Exclamatory – a sentence that expresses great emotion, passion, excitement (ends with an exclamation mark)
Subject – what/who the sentence is about
that makes a statement (ends with a period mark) Watching different footage of soccer matches can improve your knowledge.
Why did Manchester United lose against Liverpool with a score of 0-5?
Sentence Parts
DeclarativeTypes–asentence
Imperative – a sentence that makes a command (ends with a period mark) Watch videos of plays and strategies to learn more.
Sentences
The 2026 World Cup is being held in North America!
With a new manager, Barcelona is struggling with back to back defeats with Complex-CompoundXavi
Cristiano Ronaldo announced he is having twins; he announced it on his social Complexmedia.
Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses, but no dependent clauses - connected by FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) or a semicolon (;).
With the season window coming soon, some clubs are eager for a certain player, and that player is from Borussia Dortmund and it is Erling Haaland.
Loose Sentence: A sentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate construction (either a clause or phrase) with your main point at the Becomingbeginning.aprofessional is not easy, you have to confront and compete against others who are the best of the best.
Parallel Structure: A sentence using the same pattern of two or more verbs or ideas that match in tense or structure to show that they are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written - this sentence requires symmetry. Teams never give up a game, never lose their composure, and try their hardest to make that insane comeback.
Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
You have to confront and compete against others who are the best of the best, becoming a professional is not easy.
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Periodic Sentence: A sentence in which the independent clause is given at the end of the sentence in order to create interest or generate suspense with the main point coming at the end.
SENTENCE PATTERNS
Simple Sentence: A sentence that is just one independent clause.
Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
Fans are upset that Erling Haaland is leaving Borussia Dortmund soon.
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Asyndeton: A sentence that leaves out conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose.
that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or clauses) in inverted (reversed) order - this sentence requires symmetry.
Soccer players watch videos of tricks and skills and then replicate those same skills in Chiasmus:training.Asentence
Balanced Sentence: A sentence where phrases or clauses at the beginning and the end parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length - this sentence requires symmetry.
A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words.
The MLS Cup match felt long lasting and intense and emotional.
There are many people out there who are in favor of Messi winning the ballon d’or, while others would prefer Lewandowski, but in the end statistics can not Epistrophe:lie.
Anaphora: A sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words, or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention.
The MLS Cup match was long-lasting, intense, emotional.
Fans said that Messi brought out the best of the team and that Barcelona would be nothing without him.
Polysyndeton: A sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose.
Many soccer players trained hard for their families, others dedicated their lives to their family, and others suffered for their families.
Because they scored in the 94th minute to tie. [WRONG] Because they scored in the 94th minute to tie, they went to penalties. [RIGHT]
The MLS Cup match went to penalties they tied when Portland scored a last minute goal.[WRONG]
Fragment – incomplete sentence pieces that are not connected to or do not form an independent clause
At the end of the match, the player gave his shirt to the kid in the stands shouting his name.[RIGHT]
Comma Splice – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly using commas
The MLS Cup match went to penalties ,they tied when Portland had scored a last minute goal against New York City, it happened in the 94th minute.
Modifiers – modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description; a misplaced modifier describes the wrong part of a sentence and a dangling modifier is missing the part it’s supposed to modify
At the end of the match, the player gave his kid to the shirt in the stands shouting his name.[WRONG]
Misplaced/Dangling
Double Negative – combining two or more negative words in a sentence in a way that is supposed to produce a positive force
SENTENCE Run-On/Rambling/FusedERRORS
The MLS Cup match went to penalties because they tied when Portland had scored a last minute goal. [RIGHT]
The[WRONG]MLSCup match went to penalties. They tied when Portland had scored a last minute goal against New York City. It happened in the 94th minute. [RIGHT]
The[WRONG]contractor knew that the contract does not have any benefits to their player.[RIGHT]
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Sentence – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly without punctuation.
The contractor knew that the contract don’t have no benefits to their player.
(claim - a subject + a “so what” about the subject)
Belief (social, religious, or political in nature – an opinion held by many to be a fact though it is not necessarily factual – often involves a judgement)-Thestrongest structure of any argument is a story.
Query Based (Question that brings the reader to the topic - avoid second person POV “you”)
Introductory Paragraphs (Introductions)
Anecdotal (Brief story to set the mood and lead the reader into the topic)
-Words that come out of our mouths tell stories, and that's what arguments are based on.
What is the proper way to structure the winning argument?
Generalization (uses absolute or statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never, none, most, half – avoid using this type of thesis statement unless citing the source of the data)
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PARAGRAPHS– a group of sentences that together convey a shared purpose structured around the same topic.
-Every argument, wherever it occurs, can be reduced to a story.
- It will fall but that depends on how well it is structured.
Fact (empirically verifiable but often difficult to argue extensively about - better used as evidence to support a claim)
Hook (Lead / Opening Statement) – can begin with the title
Every argument,in court or out, whether delivered over the supper table or made at coffee break, can be reduced to a story. An argument, like a house, yes, like the house of the three little pigs, has structure. Whether it will fall, whether it can be blown down when the wolf huffs and puffs, depends upon how the house has been built. The strongest structure for any argument is story.
Paragraphs
Thesis Statements (the purpose of a piece of writing – usually one sentence in length, but can be longer depending on the purpose – must be something that is arguable)Assertion
Opinion (personal position on a topic)
-Every argument just like a house has structure.
Clarification/Expansion of Thesis (could extend the thesis, preview the evidence supporting the thesis, give the purpose of thesis, establish the importance or significance of examining the intricacies of the thesis – this could be several sentences long)
- Gerry Spence explains in his claim that wherever there is an argument, it doesn't matter if it's in a public place or maybe even in private, that argument can be reduced to a story. The best arguments will have the structure of a story.
Topic Sentences (must specifically indicate the topic of the paragraph and focus on one subject and/or area of evidence or support – could start with a “Transition of Logic” that connects to the previous paragraph to give context)
- In How to Argue and Win Every Time by Gerry Spence states that the best way to structure an argument is to structure it with a story.
Theory (a statement that can be tested and potentially proven - often answers a research question)
- People who are full of prejudice in their minds have room for little else.
- Most arguments all have the basic characteristics of a story when breaking down the analysis of the arguments.
Body Paragraphs (must have echoes of the thesis in each AND present evidence to support or expand on the thesis)
Ex.“You can drown the prejudice person in reason, scream, weep, and beg, but your pleas of fairness and justice will go for naught.” according to Spence. (Spence74).
Presenting Evidence from Quotations (quotes should NEVER be used as individual sentences – quotes should be embedded within sentences)
ORIGINAL QUOTE – “You can drown the prejudice person in reason, scream, weep, and beg, but your pleas of fairness and justice will go for naught.” Ex. Spence states, “You can drown the prejudice person in reason, scream, weep, and beg, but your pleas of fairness and justice will go for naught.” (Spence 74).
Document Based (cites a specific source, author, and position on a topic)
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Examining the
ORIGINAL
QUOTE – “You can drown the prejudice person in reason, scream, weep, and beg, but your pleas of fairness and justice will go for naught.”(Spence 74)
Summarizing (condensing larger quotes or sections - useful for closing the examination of the quote/evidence and transitioning to your analysis of the quote)ORIGINAL
- In the end, prejudice is an obstacle most people can not overcome in an argument.
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of a quote into other words of the same length without quotation marks, but still citing the source - useful for examining the quote and transitioning to your analysis of the quote)
Abstract Examples (hypothetical, “what if” examples that do not refer to a source – AVOID USING THEM AS EVIDENCE – but useful for examining the quote)-
- The article by Pepperdine says that it isn’t your responsibility to to deal with people that are being discriminatory and hateful towards you.
QUOTE – “You can drown the prejudice person in reason, scream, weep, and beg, but your pleas of fairness and justice will go for naught.” (Spence 74)
- You might lose all the time if arguing with a prejudice person.
Closing Sentences (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word – possibly an adverb – and should echo the thesis of the essay)
Concrete Examples (actual examples that do refer to a source – useful for enhancing your analysis of the quote)
ParaphrasingEvidence(rewording
Ex. PARAPHRASE – You can do anything to convince or persuade the prejudice person, but in the end it will be for nothing. (Spence 74)
Ex. SUMMARY – Arguing with prejudice people is a waste of time.
Consequences of Disregarding the Thesis (establishing the potential consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – CREATING A COUNTERARGUMENT – could be one or more sentences)
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Closing Paragraphs (Conclusions – should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay)
- If prejudice people never existed it would make arguing more smoothly and people would enjoy that they are not eastin their time if there are no good Statement(s)results.ofExtension (extending the consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – could be one or more sentences)
- So these kinds of people exist not just with confrontations with people in public, but they occur in courts where sometimes people's lives are on the line, which can lead to injustices.
Final Sentence (closing statement that connects to the hook and finishes the essay (finish your argument) – the “Smoky the Bear”/”Drop the mic”/dot dot dot moment…)
- A single prejudice jury has the life of a person in their hands, and sometimes they don’t care because they don’t give a chance to opening their minds.
Reestablishing the Significance of the Thesis (could be one or more sentences)-Intheend,
when attorneys try their best to defend their clients, prejudice jurors or judges can make the arguments of attorneys useless because they have no affect on their opinions.
PersuasiveTypes (Argumentative): defends their opinion on something, and attempts to persuade the reader.
Evaluative- judgments on a subject, and own opinions are given
Synthesis: a written discussion where different sources are used for support thatalso have differing views.
Definition or Description: to give the reader how idea or vivid image in their mindProcess (How-to): an instructional writing that gives steps on how to do things
Cause and Effect: reasons results of a certain event
Expository (Informative): written to inform people about a topic or idea
Timed: when writing an essay, can be about whatever you want or the topic assigned to you, but has to complete under a certain amount of time.
Document Based Question (DBQ): you have to write using your own knowledge
Analytical/Critical- review or criticism of a form of media like books, movies,news, etc.
Research: research or studies on a certain topic are made and then are implemented into your writing
Compare and Contrast: compares different concepts of a single topic
ESSAY – An essay is a group of paragraphs that make up introduction, body, and conclusion paragraphs. Essays are writings that are written to persuade, inform, or entertain an audience.
Personalview Statement/Anecdote: story or writing that explains a person’s experience and what they witnessed.
Interpretive- own interpretation from reading, and gives their own point of
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Essays
Strategies/Planning Tips/Steps Pre-writing/Prompt Analysis/Outlining: three helpful strategies are freewriting,clustering, and outlining Researching/Evaluating of Sources: always be skeptical, make sure your source of information comes from an author or organization that has the credibility and authority to inform you on your topic. Make sure your source isn’t biased. Work Cited Page MLA Format- Order for citations in MLA format:Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Source." Title of Container, Other contributors, Version, Numbers, Publisher, Publication Date, Location. APA Format- When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. You should include in your text the author’s name and the year of the publication of your source. 25
