The Video Game Book of Writing by Bravo Grammar Con Online

The Video Game Book of Writing Miguel Gonzalez

Table of Contents Introduction

About the Author

Section 1: Punctuation and Capitalization

Section

Parts

Speech

Section

Phrases

and

Clauses

Section

Sentences

Section

Paragraphs

Section

Essays

Dedication

Introduction Videogames are a hobby to most people, and may be a lifestyle to others, but overall, it is a great experience.

You can meet friends, you

can meet new people who are great people, and you can spend quality time with the boys.

can be a therapy for others, because it is more to those than some will ever understand. Videogames hold so many great memories, as well as our childhood.

I mean, who doesn’t

like video games?

About

the

Author

I’m Miguel Gonzalez, growing up I always looked like the kid who was not so bright, only played sports, watched only “cool kids” stuff, and people had this image of me stuck in their heads.

In reality, I am a really

fast learner with any subject that comes to my plate, I am really bright. . . just lazy.

do play sports (mainly baseball), but I also play a lot of video games, I do watch a lot of action movies, but I am more into marvel movies, star wars movies and shows, pirates of the carribean, rick and morty, spongebob, all that geeky stuff.

I used to have a lot of

legos when I was younger.

Growing up I looked

up to my cousins, their style, their music taste, the way they act.

I would listen to

red hot chili peppers A LOT, foo fighters, nirvana, coldplay, one republic. from cousins.

It all came

Now I have outgrown a lot of

stuff, and I do not follow anyone for preference.

I am still into all the geeky

stuff though, and I still play a lot of video games.

Only thing that has changed is my

style, music taste, and well I am still somewhat lazy.

I do have plans for the future

and I look up to my parents every single step I take.

[VIDEO

GAMES]

BOOK

SECTION PUNCTUATION Punctuation and

create

the

uses

–

(1)

each

WRITING

CAPITALIZATION

Identify

one

for

and

the

example

function sentence

mark.

1. . period. (It is used at the end of a sentence to signify the end) - The company Activision released a brand new Call of Duty called Black Ops Cold War. The game has had so many amazing leaks and the game looks magnificent. 2. , Comma (It is used to signify a separation in words so the reader does not misread) - I love going to gaming events. They are so fun and entertaining, and I love seeing my favorite content creators who attend! 3. – em dash. ( –used to catch the reader's attention– ) - The games like —Call of Duty— are my all time favorite; I love playing them. 4. - en dash check-in, (used to hyphenate words) - I hate it when I am playing Modern Warfare and my friends are yelling in their mics which causes me to die in the middle of a kill-streak. 5. : Colon (whatever follows the collin is directed and related to

what was just said before it) school just started an esports gaming team which is really

exciting; however, they do not play the game Call Of Duty: Modern Warfare. 6. ; semicolon (used to link in two closely related sentences) - California is always hot and sunny, especially Los Angeles. Winter is my favorite; it is always fresh and cloudy. 7. ? question mark (used to signify an author asking a question) I hate hackers who play video games and kill the joy and fun for everyone. How would you feel if your account got hacked? I would be really bummed out. 8. ! Exclamation point (used to indicate strong feels or loud shouting) The brand new console Playstation 5 is coming out in less than 2 months and I have never been more excited! I cannot wait to get my hands on it and play it all day! 9. ‘ Apostrophe (can be used to indicate possessives and contractions) My brother’s gaming setup is truly outstanding. I am so jealous of how nice and cool it looks! 10. “ ” Quotation marks (used to represent exact words spoken or written from someone else) - A great gamer once said “Don’t hate 6

the game, hate the player.” That quote alone has won me so many arguments when I smack kids on cod. 11. … Ellipsis (used as omitting a part of a sentence out, like leaving a part out) - I went to school . . . Then I arrived home and played video games. 12. [ ] Brackets (mainly used to enclose words added by someone other than the original writer or speaker) - Nick mercs [the twitch streamer] is an outstanding gamer. 13. ( ) Parenthesis (used to provide additional information) - I was playing video games late at night (around 2 am) and suddenly I heard my mom open her door. As soon as I heard that I quickly turned off everything and went to bed. 14. / Slash (used for words or. Can also be used to indicate exclusive or inclusive) - The anonymous twitch streamer left his/her stream online; even after he/she was going to get off. EX: Comma (used to switch words around in

list)

–

Students

Bravo

can

freely choose between AP World History, AP US History, AP Government, and

European

History.

Capitalization one of

(1)

example

–

Identify sentence

and for

create each

rule

capitalization.

1. Please list the rules capitalization here EX:

(Used

begin

for the

some, 11th grade most high-stakes

sentence)

– Sadly

is the year testing.

with

[Videogames] BOOK OF WRITING SECTION 2 TEMPLATE AND GUIDELINES

PARTS OF SPEECH NOUNS Types of nouns: (list three to five words of each type) ·

Common Nouns: name a class of

people, places, things, or ideas. EX: convention, video game event , gamers, consoles. ·

Proper Nouns: give the name or title

of a particular person, place, thing, or idea (must be capitalized). EX: Twitch con, MLG events, Youtuber. ·

Compound Nouns: consist of words

used together to form a single noun. EX: first-person , video-game, keyboard · Concrete Nouns: refer to material things, to people, or to places. EX: chair, computer, monitor. ·

Abstract Nouns: name ideas,

qualities, concepts, emotions, or attitudes. EX: skill, intelligence, mentality. Functions (How nouns are used): Write one sentence for each function. ·

Subject (comes before the verb)

Vanossgaming spoke very highly of his friends' skill level in games. ·

Direct Object

(comes after the verb

and answers what or whom) Vanoss asked Wildcat if he could go tryhard on their match. ·

Indirect Object

(answers to who or

to whom)

Pewdiepie gave away a ruby play button to a fan, for his 100 million subscriber special. PRONOUNS Pronouns take the place of nouns that have been established. Personal:

Nominative (subjects)

Objective

(objects) I/we me/us you/you you/you He, she, it, one/they

him, her, it,

one/them

Possessive

My, mine our, ours Your, yours your, yours His, her, hers, its, one’s

their,

theirs Relative:

Nominative Objective Possessive who whom whose

That that of that those/ this Interrogative: who, which, what, whatever, whoever

Reflexive: (personal pronouns plus the suffix

–self o r – selves) Used only: when the action verb is directed toward the subject of the construction: He judges himself based on his skills m ore harshly than his opponents.

She

bought herself two monitors for her gaming setup. to intensify a point: The host of the event

himself delivered a motivational speech.

Even

though it was hard work, “I can call m yself the best of

the best” the gamer thought. Demonstrative: this, these that, those Indefinite: all, another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, few, many, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, somebody, someone, such. VERBS Verbs show the time, action, and state of being of a subject. Tense: verbs indicate time via tenses: simple past

past

perfect

progressive

simple

present

future

present

progressive

future

present

perfect

present

perfect

progressive

Types: There are at least eleven (11) types of verbs: auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) linking verbs (verbs that do not describe action, but connect the subject of a sentence to other parts of the sentence – usually the predicate) lexical verbs (main verbs) dynamic verbs (indicate action) stative verbs (describe a condition) finitive verbs (indicate tense) nonfinitive verbs (infinitives or participles) regular verbs (weak verbs) irregular verbs (strong verbs) transitive verbs (verbs followed by a direct object) intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take direct objects) Voice: Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action.

The English language has two voices:

ACTIVE and PASSIVE. Active: The fans got their youtuber merch in the mail. (students are the subject) Passive:

The mail has brought

the merch to the fans. (students are the subject but treated as the object) Verbals: (VERB FORMS NOT USED AS VERBS) Gerund: word ending in “ing” used as a noun.

FaZe Temperr genuinely enjoys

boxing in the gym. Participle:

word ending in “ing” or “ed” used

as an adjective ·

There really is no h aunted game on

steam. ·

Pewdiepie casually walked past the

limited gaming event. Infinitive:

verb preceded by the word “to”

(to go, to jump) used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs ·

Faze Jev likes t o game o n his own

patiently. ADJECTIVES Adjectives modify, describe, limit, and identify nouns and pronouns. ·

Kinds: Demonstrative, Common, Proper

(Give one example of each using words related to your subject) - Call of Duty players use common s ense to figure out where enemies are located. - Faze Jev went up against enemies hiding in the g hastly w arehouse. - The y oung t alented professional gamer is only 16 years old and has won 3 million dollars. ADVERBS Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. ·

Endings (Create one example related

to your subject for each) –ly, -wards, -wise - Erick’s game knowledge is badly cursed since it always causes him to die in game.

- Tyler was playing warzone when his fans were impressed with his gamewise knowledge. - Thomas was running t owards t he objective to secure and win the game. ·

Conversions (Show how three words

related to your subject can

become adverbs – Example: “Educational” becomes “Educationally”) - Skill becomes skillful. - Game becomes gamewise. - Aggression becomes aggressive. ·

Types:

Manner, Frequency, Degree,

Place, Time Example Types: (Create one example each related to your subject) Manner – Razz is quickly becoming one of the best warzone players.

(How fast is he improving?) Time – Justin was in a match with a couple of seconds left, but stayed there so he could practice.

(When will he leave?) Place – Faze Jev came across a sniper

hiding in a forest tree for the perfect time to strike.

(Where was the sniper?) Degree –

Justin is e xceptionally one of

the most talented rocket league players, and cannot be over-recognized.

(How good is he?) Frequency – Tfue is c onsistent in each of his games compared to others. (How often

is he consistent?)

CONJUNCTIONS

Coordinating (FANBOYS):

for, and, nor,

but, or, yet, so Correlative:

only/but

Either/or; neither/nor; not

also;

both/and;

whether/or;

as/so Subordinate:

after, though as, as if, as

long as, as thought, because, before, if, in order that, provided that, since, so,

that,

though,

till,

unless,

when, where, whereas, while Relative

pronouns:

people),

which

w ho

(refers

nonliving

object or animals), that (may refer to animals or nonliving objects) PREPOSITIONS Prepositions link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts of the sentence. Prepositions are NEVER followed by verbs. There are one-word prepositions and complex prepositions.

These are some

common one-word prepositions: aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except, except excluding for, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding, of, off, on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, without. INTERJECTIONS

Interjections are the final part of speech.

Find and copy/paste an

alphabetical list of interjections here.

A aahackagreedahahaahemalasall rightamenarghas ifawayaye B bahblastboo hoobotherboybrrby gollybye C cheeriocheerschin upcome oncrikeycurses D dear medoggonedratduh E easy does iteekegadserexactly F fair enoughfiddle-dee-deefiddlesticksfiefoofoo ey G g'daygadzooksgahgangwaygeegee whizgeezgesundheitget lostget outta herego ongoodgood gollygood jobgoshgraciousgreatgrrgulp H haha-hahahhallelujahharrumphhawheeherehey hmmho humhoohoorayhot doghowhuhhumhumbughurrayhuzza I

I sayickis itixnay J jeezjust a secjust kiddingjust wondering K kapish L lala-di-dahlolong timelooklook herelordy M manmehmmmmost certainlymymy mymy word N nahnawnevernono can dono thanksno waynooonotnuts O ohoh nooh-oh okay okey-dokeyomoofoohoopseyoveroyoyez P

peacepewpffphewpish poshpsstptui Q quite R rahratsreadyrightright onrogerroger thatrumble S saysee yashameshhshooshuckssighsleep tightsnapsorryssshsup T tata tata-datake thattally hotchthankstherethere theretime outtoodlestouchetsktsk-tsktuttut-tut U ughuhuh-ohumururgh V very nicevery wellvoilavroom W wahwellwell donewell, wellwhatwhateverwheewhenwhewwhoawhoowhoop eewhoopswhoopsywhywordwowwuzzup Y yayeayeahyechyikesyippeeyoyoo-hooyou betyou don't sayyou knowyowyumyummy Z zapzoundszowiezzz

Transitions of Logic Chart

Addition

Milder

Stronger

a further

further

and

furthermo

and then

then

moreover

also

too

addition

additiona

another

lly

other

besides

nor

again equally important first, second finally, last

Compariso

just as

similarly

... so

comparabl

too

a similar

in the

another..

same way

. like

likewise

but

however

yet

still

and yet

neverthel

still

ess

otherwise

on the

other

though

hand

but

on the

another

contrary

rather

even so

Contrast

notwithst anding for all that in contrast alternati vely at the same time though this may be otherwise instead nonethele ss conversel y

Time

then

meanwhile

now

at length

soon

presently

afterward

at last

later

finally

shortly

immediate

earlier

recently

thereafte

first,

second,

at that

third

time

subsequen

before

tly

after

eventuall

today

tomorrow

currently in the meantime in the past in the future

Purpose

to do

to this

this

end

so that

with this object for this purpose for that reason because of this in order to

Place

there

at that

here

point

beyond

opposite

nearby

next to

adjacent to on the other side in the front in the back

Result

hence

and so

therefore

then

according ly consequen tly thus thereupon as a result in consequen ce

Example

that is

for

specifica

example

lly

for

instance

particula

instance

for one

of this

thing

this can be seen in

Summary

in sum

in short

and

generally

on the

after all

whole

by the

as I said

way

in other

words

general

to be

incidenta

sure

lly

in fact

naturally

indeed

I hope

clearly

at least

of course

it seems

anyway

in brief

remarkabl

I suppose

Emphasis

I think assuredly definitel y without doubt for all that on the whole in any event important ly certainly

[VIDEOGAME] SECTION

BOOK

TEMPLATE

PHRASES

and

OF AND

WRITING GUIDELINES

CLAUSES

Phrases function

–

groups as

part

words of

that

speech. 24

Noun

Phrase:

group

words

consisting of nouns or pronouns and their modifiers that function as a noun. All the fans are really hoping to see their favorite streamer. Verb Phrase: A group of words consisting of verbs working together and that function as a verb. The esports teams were aware they would be playing competitively this weekend. Prepositional Phrase: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and functions as an

adjective or an adverb. Mr. Sincere was proudly welcomed among the private jet. Appositive Phrase: A group of words that include all the words that modify an appositive and function as an adjective - IT MUST BE SURROUNDED BY COMMAS. Mr. Sincere, a new streamer, worked very hard to get fans to enjoy his streams. Verbal Phrases: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun. ● Gerund Phrase verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun. Driving down the street, the gamers playing GTA 5 found a car meet. 25

● Participial Phrase word ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed (past participle) that functions as an adjective. The TWITCH PRIME program fans quickly left the abandoned convention. ● Infinitive Phrase verb preceded by the word “to” (to read, to study, to write) that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. A lot of the fans were aware it was time to watch the stream. CLAUSES Clauses

–

groups

words

with

BOTH

subject and a verb that function as parts of speech. There are TWO kinds: Independent and Dependent (called “Subordinate”)

INDEPENDENT

–

CAN

complete

sentence,

sentence

pattern.

stand known

alone as

simple

Faze Clan requires many gamers work really hard. DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) – CANNOT stand alone as and MUST begin CONJUNCTION.

a complete sentence with a SUBORDINATE There

are

seven

(7)

kinds: Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive. ○ Where he grew up is what made Tyler

the

man

today.

○ Respectfully a follow ○ That the

allow

whoever

subs

back. gamer was

shocked

was

extremely obvious. ○ OhZelzo wisely checked

what

had for game designs. Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause. Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word: ○ This is the streaml where fans gracefully have fun. (“where” an introductory word) ○ There is the webcam that I really needed. ○ The webcam that

you

intended

for

is obviously over your budget. Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns: ■ Erick is obviously the one who got the most subs. (ONE is the antecedent of WHO and is modified by the adjective clause.) ■ There goes the gamer whose taste is usually first person shooter. (GAMER is the antecedent of whose and is modified by the adjective clause.) ■ Gamer guides informatively help teach how intense gaming is the amount of lessons that the guide reveals. 28

■ Is

the

guide

that

desperately

want?

(that is

object

of w ant)

the

this

direct

■ Bugha

the

guy

whom

you

she

nervously asked to play with. (whom is the direct object of

asked.) ■ The

recommended

vouch

which you asked has sadly been lost. (which is the object to.) ■ Swagg

of is

blocks subject

the

preposition

gamer

who

off

hate.

(who

simply is

the

blocks.)

Adverb

Clause:

Used

verbs,

adjectives,

modify

and

adverbs

an independent clause, introduced by a subordinate conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause,

purpose,

result,

and/or

concession.

Modifying verbs: ■ They unfortunately

condition,

put

the

million play button where a few could grab it. (place) ■ When the alarm finally went off, everyone woke up. (time) ■ We purposely left the game center because (purpose)

were

mad.

■ The

Twitch

president

talked

as if he were gracefully running for re-election. (condition) Modifying adjectives: ■ New cod season weirdly seems twice as long as it used be. (how much) ■ Mr. Sincere is as crazy talented

his

wife. (to

what extent) Modifying adverbs: ■ Sizl practiced harder

than

his teammates typically did. (condition) Relative Clauses: Dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun. ○ The

gamer

who

finishes

first

will earn a shiny award. Elliptical Clauses: Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted. ○ When practicing, the gamer carefully move. ○ Essential

anticipates Clauses:

necessary to sentence. ○ The training

his

Clauses

the

meaning

map

that

interests Sizl is control maps. .

the

most

clearly

piece

Nonessential Clauses: Clauses that are NOT necessary to the meaning of the sentence. ○ Zelzo’s training for the esports event which began 4 is now sadly over.

months

ago,

[VIDEOGAME] BOOK OF WRITING SECTION 4 TEMPLATE AND GUIDELINES 31

SENTENCES Sentence

–

contains

subject

conveys a question,

set

words and

that predicate

and

statement, command, or an exclamation.

Sentence Parts Subject – what/who the sentence is about The new twitch streamers are currently learning how to set up a stream. Predicate – what the subject does The new twitch streamers carefully learned about sponsors.

Sentence Types Declarative – a sentence that makes a statement (ends with a period mark) Gamers who are versatile at many games are always the best. Imperative – a sentence that makes a command (ends with a period mark) Get better at rocket league as soon as possible.

Interrogative – a sentence that asks a question (ends with a question mark) Why would anyone want to be awful at a video game? Exclamatory – a sentence that expresses great emotion, passion, excitement (ends with an exclamation mark) I love Faze Clan, they are such a great group!

Sentence Patterns Simple Sentence: A sentence that just one independent clause.

The overall feel of the Playstation 5 is simply amazing. Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses, but no dependent clauses - connected by FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) or a semicolon (;). Youtube videos take time to edit and upload, but it is worth the time. Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent dependent

clause

and

least

one

clause.

When you set up editing can get

a youtube done.

video,

the

Complex-Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at

least

one

dependent

clause.

Whether you plan accordingly to film gaming videos, most games can get done, but it will take up multiple hours in the day. Loose Sentence: A sentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate construction (either a clause or phrase) with your main point at

the

beginning.

Youtube will change your matter what category you make videos on.

life, no choose to

Periodic Sentence: A sentence in which the independent clause is given at the 34

end of the sentence in order to create interest or generate suspense with the main

point

coming

the

end.

No matter what video game you play, every game will make you happy. Parallel Structure: A sentence using the same pattern of two or more verbs or ideas that match in tense or structure

show

that

they

are

equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written - this sentence requires symmetry. Gamers tend to practice hard, to stay up late, to become better where others stay at the bottom. Balanced Sentence: A sentence where phrases or clauses at the beginning and the end parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length - this sentence requires symmetry. Gamers spend their days leaving old games and joining new ones. Chiasmus: A sentence that includes a repetition or

clauses)

order

this

ideas

(words,

inverted

sentence

phrases,

(reversed)

requires

symmetry. Fans make youtubers what they are and without them they would be nothing. 35

Asyndeton:

conjunctions

sentence between

that words,

leaves

out

phrases,

or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. Gamers usually experience anger, rage, regret, or ambition when playing games. Polysyndeton: A sentence that uses multiple

conjunctions

proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. Gamers usually experience anger, rage, regret, or ambition when playing games. Anaphora: A sentence that features the purposeful

repetition

word,

words, or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention. For a lot of people videogames can be a distraction and a bad influence, whereas for other people videogames can be a therapy and a good part of someone's life, but we can all agree it is a distraction. Epistrophe: A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the

same

word

words.

Gamers talk about youtube, they think about youtube, they stay up late for 36

youtube, life for

it is like youtube.

they

live

their

Sentence Errors Run-On/Rambling/Fused Sentence – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly without punctuation. The gamers need to stop playing video games they need to do schoolwork they also have to sleep. [WRONG] The gamers need to stop playing video games, they need to do their schoolwork and get some sleep. [RIGHT] Comma Splice – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly using commas The gamers needed to stop editing their youtube video, they needed time to edit other twitch clips too.[WRONG] The gamers decided to stop editing their youtube video. They needed to edit twitch clips from streams; they had no time. [RIGHT]

Fragment

–

incomplete

sentence

pieces

that are not connected to or do not form an independent clause Because the gamers had no skill. [WRONG] Because the gamers had no skill, they had to practice harder. [RIGHT] Misplaced/Dangling Modifiers – modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description; a misplaced modifier describes the wrong part

sentence

modifier

missing

supposed

modify

and the

dangling part

it’s

At the gaming event, a youtuber gave a shirt to a fan that was signed.[WRONG]

At the signed Double more

gaming event, Temperr gave shirt to a fan. [RIGHT] Negative

negative

–

combining

words

two

sentence

way that is supposed to produce a positive force Vanoss knew it wouldn’t do no good if he decided to stream the same day as his mom's birthday.. [WRONG] Vanoss knew it would not do him any good if he streamed the same day as his mom’s birthday.. [RIGHT]

[Non Fiction Book] BOOK OF WRITING SECTION 5 TEMPLATE AND GUIDELINES PARAGRAPHS Paragraphs – a group of sentences that together convey a shared

purpose structured around the same topic. Introductory Paragraphs (Introductions) Hook

(Lead)

–

can begin with the title Anecdotal (Brief story to set the mood and lead the reader into the topic) Ex. Often throughout the past 50 years when children have earned it, their parents treat them to McDonalds. Rewarding them with Happy Meals when they do well at school, for example, young people develop a strong and lifelong connection to fast food. The better they do at school, the more their smiles widen and, sadly, the more the nation’s waistlines and the health outcomes associated with them expand. As children, they may have no idea why, but the adults in their lives should. A fairly commonly asked question is how do people become millionaires and remain millionaires? It may seem like a major secret not many people know of but many millionaires have already revealed the secret. To become a millionaire, you have to think like one. The whole purpose

is to not lose money; which means no unnecessary spending. Millionaires invest, budget, and save. Many people do not know what that means and have never attempted to save money, they spend their money and live off paychecks day-by-day. Query Based (Question that brings the reader to the topic - avoid second person POV “you”) Ex. Does a lavish lifestyle and unnecessary spending affect one's net worth. Thesis Statements (the purpose of a piece of writing – usually one sentence in length, but can be longer depending on the purpose – must be something that is arguable) Assertion (claim - a subject + a “so what” about the subject)

Ex.

People

who

spend

their money on lavish accessories and items are not worth much. Fact (empirically verifiable but often difficult to argue extensively about - better used as evidence to support a claim) Ex. People who save more money are usually wealthier. Opinion (personal position on a topic) Ex. Lavish lifestyles are

meaningless. Belief (social, religious, or political in nature – an opinion held by many to be a fact, though it is not necessarily factual – often involves a judgement) Ex. Participating in a

lavish lifestyle is sinful. Generalization (uses absolute or statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never, none, most, half – avoid using this

type

unless

citing

thesis the

source does not save retire.

statement

Ex. and

the

Every invest

data)

person never

who gets

Document Based (cites a specific source, author, and position on a topic)

Ex.

In T he

Millionaire

Next Door, Mrs. Rule is worth more than $2 million, Mrs. Rule lives below means, and budgets and plans her finances. Mrs. Rule will have accumulated $5 million by the time she retires. A perfect example of why it is important to live below means, rather than living a lavish lifestyle, Theory (a statement that can be tested and potentially proven - often answers a research question) Ex. Living below means is the path to being retired stress-free with enough money to live comfortably. Clarification/Expansion of Thesis (could extend the thesis, preview the evidence supporting the thesis, give the purpose of thesis, establish the importance or significance of 43

examining the thesis – this sentences

intricacies of the could be several

long)

Ex.

Schlosser

expands

on his claim by examining the various elements, such as advertising and marketing schemes, that can hook people on fast food, particularly at an early age, along with reports about the negative health impacts of consuming processed foods. (preview of evidence) Ex. The author examines the often-disturbing state production in order to consuming so of thesis)

meat

discourage people from much fast food. (purpose Ex.

This

information

about the connection between fast food and potential health outcomes might lead to crucial reforms in the food industry. (establishing the importance or significance of thesis)

The author interviews first generation millionaires, thus finding out that these millionaires do not spend on items they do not need, they save and

budget, and by doing this they generate a lot of wealth compared to those who do not.

Body Paragraphs (must have echoes of the thesis in each AND present evidence to support or expand on the thesis) Topic Sentences (must specifically indicate the topic of the paragraph and focus on one subject and/or area of evidence or support – could start

with

“Transition

of Logic” that connects to the previous paragraph to give context) Ex. Additionally, most millionaires who accumulate wealth are frugal and budgeteers, including their 45

significant other. (Now every sentence in this paragraph must be related to the connection between fast food and health) Presenting Evidence from Quotations (quotes should NEVER be used as individual sentences – quotes should be embedded within sentences) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “Fast food can have

adverse

health”

effects

(Schlosser

Ex.

Many

people’s

73).

people

agree,

“Not

are the most prodigious accumulators of wealth frugal, their spouses tend to be even more frugal”. (Stanley 37). Ex. “Not are the most prodigious accumulators of wealth frugal, their spouses tend to be even more frugal,” according to several researchers and interviewers (Stanley 37). Ex. Unfortunately for the high consumption lifestyle, “Not are the most prodigious accumulators of wealth frugal, their spouses tend to be even more frugal,” according to several researchers and interviewers (Stanley 37). Ex. Unfortunately for patrons, “Fast

food

can

have

[horribly]

adverse effects on people’s health” (Schlosser 73). Ex. Unfortunately for patrons, “Fast food … [a]ffects … people’s health” (Schlosser 73). Examining the Evidence Paraphrasing (rewording of a quote into other words of the same length without quotation marks, but still citing the source - useful for examining the quote and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “Not are the most prodigious frugal, more

accumulators

their

frugal”

spouses

tend

(Stanley

37)

Ex.

PARAPHRASE

–

wealth to

Those

even who

choose a lower consumption life-style, are usually the ones who accumulate wealth (Stanley 37). Summarizing (condensing larger quotes or sections - useful for closing the examination of the quote/evidence and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “Not are the most prodigious

accumulators

wealth

frugal, more

their

frugal”

spouses

tend

(Stanley

37)

Ex.

SUMMARY

–

Those

even

who

save

money accumulate much more wealth. Abstract Examples (hypothetical, “what if” examples that do not refer to a source – AVOID USING for

THEM

EVIDENCE

–

examining the quote) Ex. People might

but

useful

have

better

chances of becoming millionaires if they stop spending all their money. Concrete Examples (actual examples that do refer to a source – useful for enhancing your analysis of the quote) Ex. A survey revealed that 50% or more of the millionaires surveyed have paid $399 or less for the most expensive suit they own. Closing Sentences (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word – possibly an adverb – and should echo the thesis of the essay) Ex. Therefore, most self made millionaires accumulators

and high of wealth

are 48

very what

frugal, and budget they have.

with

Closing Paragraphs (Conclusions – should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay) Consequences of Disregarding the Thesis (establishing the potential consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – CREATING A COUNTERARGUMENT – could be one or more sentences) Ex. If a high consumption lifestyle was beneficial, then we would see more people accumulating millions of dollars and having a higher net worth. Statement(s) of Extension (extending the consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – could be one or more sentences) Ex. Moreover, a typical accountant who has a high income but spends a lot, is connected to a high consumption life-style and low accumulated wealth. Reestablishing the Significance of the Thesis (could be one or more sentences)

Ex.

Thus,

the

millionaires

surveyed claim, frugal millionaires generate more wealth than those who spend and waste. Final Sentence (connects to the hook and finishes the essay (finish your argument) – the “Smoky the Bear”/”Drop the mic”/dot dot dot moment…) Ex. So given all the information regarding those who live below their means accumulate more wealth than those who do not, maybe living a high consumption life-style does not hold high value …

[Non Fiction] BOOK OF WRITING SECTION 6 TEMPLATE AND GUIDELINES ESSAYS 50

Essays

–

Explain

what

essay

know, this is where I usually explain it to you but now that you have made it to the end of this project, it’s your turn). A n essay is a piece of

nonfiction writing on a specific topic.

Essentially, it is a short

piece of writing on a subject, and depending on the subject, it may require a different type of structure. Types

–

Explain

each

type

essay

and

state its purpose Persuasive (Argumentative) A persuasive essay is an argumentative piece of writing that is meant to convince the reader to do something or to not do something. Expository (Informative) An expository essay is meant to expose something to the reader, and helps the reader understand without any concerns. Definition or Description A descriptive essay is meant to describe something to someone so they can understand all aspects. To make readers smell, feel, see, hear, or taste what they read. Process (How-to) A process essay is when the author is explaining to the reader how to do something, make something, or break something that the readers will be able to understand and be able to do it after reading. 51

Compare and Contrast A comparison and contrast essay is when there is being something compared or contrast, or both between similarities and differences. Cause and Effect The purpose of a cause and effect essay is to help the reader and understand the causes of a particular subject, and the effects on other things. Analytical/Critical. An analytical essay is meant to analyze something. For example, with wealth building, an author will analyze all parts to building up wealth. Evaluative. An evaluation essay is just like a review, the author may judge whether something is good or bad. Interpretive. Interpretive essays are when the writer’s purpose is to interpret another author. The writer must evaluate and identify the methods used by the author, in order to successfully interpret the author. Narrative (Tells a story) A narrative is a short story, but not exactly, instead of only a short narration, it is written in essay format. Personal Statement/Anecdote A personal statement is when the writer chooses something about himself to write about. The writer may choose something he is passionate about and go on from there.

Research. A research essay is an essay on a specific topic that requires research. The writer will do research and use evidence to support their topic, claims, and answer a question. Timed Timed essays are meant to examine the skills a writer has under pressure. It is to see the writer's ability to write and their critical thinking skills. Document Based Question (DBQ) A DBQ essay is an essay with documents that is meant to serve as sources. Synthesis A synthesis essay is when the writer synthesizes different ideas. This can be done by examining a variety of sources. Strategies/Planning Tips/Steps – Explain how to plan and organize essays and how to analyze and break down prompts. Pre-writing/Prompt Analysis/Outlining Outlining essays is essentially making a plan for your essay. It can help you organize and structure your ideas effectively to get your point across. Researching/Evaluating of Sources When you evaluate a source in an essay, it means researching about the date it was written, some background information about the author, and comparing several opinions.

Work

Cited

Page

–

Explain

and

give

example of how to set up a works cited entry in both MLA and APA formats - there are subtle differences between each format, so be sure to identify them clearly. MLA Format Those who have accumulated the most wealth tend to be frugal (Stanley, 37). APA Format - Most millionaires avoid debt and have emergency funds (Gravier, 2020 p 2).

Dedication I am dedicating this book to my parents and my cousins. My dad introduced me to video games at a really early age, as well as my cousins. When I was really young, not sure what age, I would wake up and see my dad playing Modern Warfare 2. Those days I would also play MW2, and those days, is when I took gaming as a hobby I would do everyday. Before MW2 on the playstation 3, I would play on my Playstation 2; we had the console before the PS3 came out. I would play Star Wars Battlefront and Spyro. When I would use my 3DS I would play lego star wars, indiana jones, super mario, and mariokart. After the ps3 came out, my gaming habits spiked, I would play all day long during the weekends, with my cousins and friends. Games like GTA, black ops 2, MW3, minecraft, fifa, uncharted, and many more. Now, 16 years old, I still play video games as often as I can during my free time. It feels like a little therapy for me, it gets my mind off things. It is also fun to me, and when I

play

with

friends, those are some times to live in.

the

best