The Marvel Book of Writing by Bravo Grammar Con Online

The Marvel Book of Writing By: Emily Melendrez

Table of Contents About the Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Dedication Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Punctuation and Capitalization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Parts of Speech. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Phrases and Clauses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Sentences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Paragraphs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Essays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

About the author Emily Melendrez is a 16 year Old student currently attendingFrancisco Bravo Medical Magnet High school. She enjoys spending Her time with either friends and Family or just hanging outAt the beach or other fun things.She loves Marvel and she Especially loves all the avengersMovies but mainly the last one. She can watch that one on Repeat without getting bored Of it.

For Iron Man

Wish you were still here.

Chapter 1 PUNCTUATION and CAPITALIZATION Punctuation – Identify the function and create one (1) example sentence of the uses for each mark. 1. . end punctuation for imperative/declarative, Ex: My day was pretty good because i watched many marvel movies.

2. , punctuation indicating a pause between parts of a sentence. Ex: When Black widow went to the store, she forgot her gun. 3. – em dash,can be used instead of parentheses. Ex: The superhero-Captain America, is one of my favorites. 4. - en dash, can be used to mark ranges. Ex: 2015-2017 5. : are used in sentences to show that something is following, like a quotation, example, or list. Ex: There are three kids. They are names: liz, danny and kevin. 6. ; used to join two or more ideas (parts) in a sentence. Ex: They are going to beat Thanos, however, they need to try their hardest. 7. ? punctuation mark that indicates an interrogative clause or phrase in many languages Ex: How old is Captain Marvel?

8. ! to show when something is surprising or forceful. Ex: Today was the best day of Black Panthers life.

9. ‘ used to indicate either possession, or the omission of letters or numbers. Ex: class of ‘89 10. “ ” used either to mark the beginning and end of a title or quoted passage, or to indicate that a word or phrase is regarded as slang . Ex: Falcon said “Hurry up”. 11. … indicating an omission. Ex: “ I uhh...I lost nat.

12. [ ] mainly used to enclose words added by someone other than the original writer or speaker, typically in order to clarify the situation. Ex: He[the superhero] saved the woman from getting killed by loki. PUNCTUATION and CAPITALIZATION Punctuation – Identify the function and create one (1) example sentence of the uses for each mark. Please list the rules of capitalization here 1. Always capitalize an adjective, adverb, and nouns. My name is Steve Rogers. 2. Capitalize the starting of a sentence. I also like Spiderman and Iron Man. 3. Capitalize a title. The title of my favorite movie is “Avengers:Endgame.”.

Chapter 2 PARTS OF SPEECH NOUNS Types of nouns: (list three to five words of each type)

· Common Nouns: name a class of people, places, things, or ideas. EX: dog, car, doctor, town, girl · Proper Nouns: give the name or title of a particular person, place, thing, or idea (must be capitalized). EX: Mexico, England, John, Mary · Compound Nouns: consist of words used together to form a single noun. EX: sunflower, watermelon, makeup, airplane.\ · Concrete Nouns: refer to material things, to people, or to places. EX: team, women, air. cat · Abstract Nouns: name ideas, qualities, concepts, emotions, or attitudes. EX: love, generosity, charity, caring

Functions (How nouns are used): Write one sentence for each function. · Subject (comes before the verb) Thanos and his team were very violent to the avengers and the others.

· Direct Object (comes after the verb and answers what or whom) Nat asked Hulk to calm down. · Indirect Object (answers to who or to whom) Iron Man gave the sword to the bad guy.

PRONOUNS Pronouns take the place of nouns that have been established. Personal: Nominative (subjects) Objective (objects) I/we me/us you/you you/you He, she, it, one/they him, her, it, one/them Possessive My, mine Your, yours His, her, hers, its, one’s Relative: Nominative who

our, ours your, yours their, theirs

Objective whom

Possessive whose

That

that those/ this

of that

Interrogative: who, which, what, whatever, whoever Reflexive: (personal pronouns plus the suffix –self o r –selves) Used only: when the action verb is directed toward the subject of the construction: Thor treats himself bad because he think she failed He is being hard on himself. Demonstrative: this, these that, those Indefinite: all, another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, few, many, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, somebody, someone, such.

VERBS Verbs show the time, action, and state of being of a subject. Tense: verbs indicate time via tenses: simple past past past perfect past progressive

simple present present present perfect present progressive

Types: There are at least eleven (11) types of verbs:

present perfect progressive future future perfect

auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) linking verbs (verbs that do not describe action, but connect the subject of a sentence to other parts of the sentence – usually the predicate) lexical verbs (main verbs) dynamic verbs (indicate action) stative verbs (describe a condition)

finitive verbs (indicate tense) nonfinitive verbs (infinitives or participles) regular verbs (weak verbs) irregular verbs (strong verbs) transitive verbs (verbs followed by a direct object) intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take direct objects)

Voice: Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action. The English language has two voices: ACTIVE and PASSIVE. Active: The Avengers are the best superheroes Passive: The best superheroes are The Avengers. (students are the subject but treated as the object)

Verbals: (VERB FORMS NOT USED AS VERBS) Gerund: word ending in “ing” used as a noun. · Hawk eye loves fighting crime. Participle: word ending in “ing” or “ed” used as an adjective · Their lifes are about saving lives. · They have saved so many people. Infinitive: verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs · Groot likes to play video games.

ADJECTIVES Adjectives modify, describe, limit, and identify nouns and pronouns. · Kinds: Demonstrative, Common, Proper (Give one example of each using words related to your subject) Ex: Doctor Strange has cool powers.

ADVERBS Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.

· ·

Endings (Create one example related to your subject for each) –Iron Man has a family. Conversions (Show how three words related to your subject can become adverbs – Example: “Educational” becomes “Educationally”) Types: Manner, Frequency, Degree, Place, Time

Example Types: (Create one example each related to your subject) Manner –. Star lord pulled out his gun quickly. Time – Gamora will get home right now. Place – Black Panther was just here earlier. Degree – Thor is very exceptional. Frequency – The Avengers are here all the time.

CONJUNCTIONS Coordinating (FANBOYS): for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Correlative: Either/or; neither/nor; not only/but also; both/and; whether/or; as/so Subordinate: after, though as, as if, as long as, as thought, because, before, if, in order that, provided that, since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while Relative pronouns: who (refers to people), which (refers to nonliving object or animals), that (may refer to animals or nonliving objects)

PREPOSITIONS Prepositions link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts of the sentence. Prepositions are NEVER followed by verbs. There are one-word prepositions and complex prepositions. These are some common one-word prepositions: aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except, except excluding for, for, from, from among, from between,

from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding, of, off, on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, without.

INTERJECTIONS Interjections are the final part of speech. Find and copy/paste an alphabetical list of interjections here. A. Aha, ahem, ahoy, arg, alas, aww, ahh B. Bam, bingo, boo. Bravo, brr, blah, C. Cheers, cud, congratulations D. Dang, drat. Darn, drug E. Eek, eh, encore, eureka, F. Fiddlesticks, G. Gee, whiz, golly, goodbye, good, grief H. Haha, hallelujah, hello, hey, hmm, holy O. oh, oh dear, oh well, ouch, ow P. phew, phooey, pooh, pew R. rats S. ssh, shoot T. thanks, there U. uh-uh, ugh W. wahoo, well, whoa, whoops Y. ya. Yeah, eyes, yipee, yo, yuck

Transitions of Logic Chart

Milder

Stronger

Addition

a further and and then then also too next another other nor

further furthermore moreover in addition additionally besides again equally important first, second finally, last

Comparison

just as ... so too a similar another... like

similarly comparable in the same way likewise

Contrast

but yet and yet still otherwise or though but another rather

however still nevertheless on the other hand on the contrary even so notwithstanding for all that in contrast alternatively at the same time though this may be otherwise instead nonetheless conversely

Time

then now soon afterward later shortly earlier recently first, second, third next before after today tomorrow

meanwhile at length presently at last finally immediately thereafter at that time subsequently eventually currently in the meantime in the past in the future

Purpose

to do this so that

to this end with this object for this purpose for that reason because of this in order to

Place

there here beyond nearby next to

at that point opposite to adjacent to on the other side in the front in the back

Result

so and so then

hence therefore accordingly consequently thus thereupon as a result in consequence

Example

that is specifically in particular for one thing

for example for instance an instance of this this can be seen in

Summary and Emphasis

in sum generally after all by the way in general incidentally naturally I hope at least it seems in brief I suppose

in short on the whole as I said in other words to be sure in fact indeed clearly of course anyway remarkably I think assuredly definitely without doubt for all that on the whole in any event importantly certainly

Chapter 3 PHRASES and CLAUSES Phrases – groups of words that function as a part of speech. Noun Phrase: A group of words consisting of nouns or pronouns and their modifiers that function as a noun. All the avengers love doing what they do. Verb Phrase: A group of words consisting of verbs working together and that function as a verb. Spiderman was texting on his phone.

Prepositional Phrase: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and functions as an adjective or an adverb. Captain America went up against his enemy in endgame. Appositive Phrase: A group of words that include all the words that modify an appositive and function as an adjective - IT MUST BE SURROUNDED BY COMMAS. Thanos, the bad guy, sent a whole army of people to kill the avengers. Verbal Phrases: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun. ● Gerund Phrase verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun. Flying through space, Captain Marvel saved Iron Man from dying. ● Participial Phrase word ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed (past participle) that functions as an adjective. Tired from fighting crime, Black Widow took a break. ● Infinitive Phrase verb preceded by the word “to” (to read, to study, to write) that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Thor learned to walk again after a bad injury.

CLAUSES Clauses – groups of words with BOTH a subject and a verb that function as parts of speech. There are TWO kinds: Independent and Dependent (called “Subordinate”) INDEPENDENT – CAN stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern. Deadpool enjoys sitting down and reading. DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) – CANNOT stand alone as a complete sentence and MUST begin with a SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION. There are seven (7) kinds: Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive.

○ Where she grew up, Gamora still hated her father.

○ Iron Man gave Captain American a call because there was trouble in the city. ○ That thanos was happy was what everyone didn't want him to be. Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause. Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word: ○ Plant 102-94 is where Thanos and The Avengers fought for the last time.. (“where” is an introductory word) ○ All the marvel characters coming to beat Thanos is exactly what they needed. ○ The stone that Thanos wanted, he had to kill his daughter first. Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns: ■ Nebula was the one who was bad but switched to help her sister. (ONE is the antecedent of WHO and is modified by the adjective clause.) ■ The plant has bad air quality; ■ Is the stone really the one that Thanos wants? (that is the direct object of want) ■ Steve Rogers is the one whom asked Iron Man to help him. (whom is the direct object of asked.) ■ The superheroes which you prefer, are the best of the best. (which is the object of the preposition to. ) ■ Thanos is the bad guy who always seems to shru (who is the subject of shrugs.) Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause, introduced by a subordinate conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or concession. Modifying verbs: ■ They punched out the window so they can see everything. (place) ■ When Iron Man died, everyone left. (time) ■ They left the funeral because they were so sad. (purpose)

■ Thanos acted like if he was the best person in the whole world. (condition) Modifying adjectives: ■ The movies aren't as long as they used to be. . (how much) ■ Iron man is just as good as Captain America. (to what extent) Modifying adverbs: ■ Hulk tried as hard as anyone else did. (condition) Relative Clauses: Dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun. ○ Whoever wins first, is the winner. Elliptical Clauses: Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted. ○ When fighting, they had many things to think about. Essential Clauses: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence. ○ The thing that most interests Captain America is how needy Thanos is. Nonessential Clauses: Clauses that are NOT necessary to the meaning of the sentence. ○ Captain America, which who was born over 100 years ago, never ages.

Chapter 4 SENTENCES Sentence – a set of words that contains a subject and a predicate and conveys a statement, command, question, or an exclamation.

Sentence Parts Subject – what/who the sentence is about

Spiderman is one of my favorite superheroes. Predicate – what the subject does Spiderman saved those people from getting hit by the car.

Sentence Types Declarative – a sentence that makes a statement (ends with a period mark) The hulk is a very strong man. Imperative – a sentence that makes a command (ends with a period mark) Captain America should teach me how to save the world. Interrogative – a sentence that asks a question (ends with a question mark) Why did Iron Man have to die in the last movie? Exclamatory – a sentence that expresses great emotion, passion, excitement (ends with an exclamation mark) The last movie was my favorite!

Sentence Patterns Simple Sentence: A sentence that is just one independent clause. Thanos was the bad guy. Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses, but no dependent clauses - connected by FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) or a semicolon (;). Black Panther wanted to kill the bad guy, but he can’t because he’s a nice guy. Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

Groot loves playing video games, while the others are fighting crime. Complex-Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. Captain America is my favorite superhero, But I also like Spiderman and Black Panther. Loose Sentence: A sentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate construction (either a clause or phrase) with your main point at the beginning. It was obvious that the avengers were going to win, because they were stronger and more prepared. Periodic Sentence: A sentence in which the independent clause is given at the end of the sentence in order to create interest or generate suspense with the main point coming at the end. No matter what you major in or how long it takes, college will change your life. Parallel Structure: A sentence using the same pattern of two or more verbs or ideas that match in tense or structure to show that they are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written - this sentence requires symmetry. Hawk eye works very hard, to be the best, do his best, and to save people in danger. Balanced Sentence: A sentence where phrases or clauses at the beginning and the end parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length - this sentence requires symmetry. The avengers spend their days working and trying to save the world. Chiasmus: A sentence that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or clauses) in inverted (reversed) order - this sentence requires symmetry. Good people make the world a better place, so it wouldn’t be good without them. Asyndeton: A sentence that leaves out conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. Star lord thinks he’s handsome,smart,nice. Polysyndeton: A sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. Thor got fat, and did not want to help and eventually helped them, and they won.

Anaphora: A sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words, or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention. In the last avengers movie, they had to try to stop thanos because he's the bad guy, so they had to stop him from wiping everyone from existence, which he already wiped half already. Epistrophe: A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words. Bravo students so often spend their days talking for school, their nights working for school, their breaks thinking about school that it sometimes can feel like they live only for school.

Sentence Errors Run-On/Rambling/Fused Sentence – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly without punctuation. Vision knew he was going to die the stone in his head was hurting him. [WRONG] Vision knew he was going to die BECAUSE the stone in his head was hurting him. [RIGHT] Comma Splice – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly using commas Redskull the guy that takes them to the stone said that one person has to die to get the stone. [WRONG] Redskull, the guy that takes them to the stone, said that one person has to die to get the stone. [RIGHT]

Fragment – incomplete sentence pieces that are not connected to or do not form an independent clause Because Gamora died. [WRONG] Because Gamora died, Thanos got the soul stone. [RIGHT] Misplaced/Dangling Modifiers – modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description; a misplaced modifier describes the wrong part of a sentence and a dangling modifier is missing the part it’s supposed to modify For doing so good, Spiderman got invited to be an Avenger from Iron Man. [WRONG] For doing so good, Spiderman got invited from Iron Man to be an Avenger. [RIGHT] Double Negative – combining two or more negative words in a sentence in a way that is supposed to produce a positive force Captain America knew it wouldnt do them no good when Iron Man almost died. [WRONG] Captain America knew it wouldnt do them any good when Iron Man almost died. [RIGHT]

Chapter 5 PARAGRAPHS Paragraphs – a group of sentences that together convey a shared purpose structured around the same topic. Introductory Paragraphs (Introductions) Hook (Lead) – can begin with the title Anecdotal (Brief story to set the mood and lead the reader into the topic) Ex. We all know that Marvel movies and comics are very interesting to read and watch because they contain so much action. I love all the avengers movies, but my all time favorite is probably Avengers:Endgame. This movie is one of my favorites because it teaches you different things and it has a good

story but it’s sad. It just doesn’t make sense to me how the bad guy is more powerful than all the others like Thor and Captain America. Thor literally has lightning going through his veins, and Captain America is probably the best fighter. So how are they expected to take down Thanos if he’s stronger than them? Query Based (Question that brings the reader to the topic - avoid second person POV “you”) Ex.How are the avengers going to beat thanos? Thesis Statements (the purpose of a piece of writing – usually one sentence in length, but can be longer depending on the purpose – must be something that is arguable) Assertion (claim - a subject + a “so what” about the subject) Ex.Thanos is the bad guy, so the avengers have to take him down. Fact (empirically verifiable but often difficult to argue extensively about better used as evidence to support a claim) Ex.Captain America gave his legacy to the Falcon. Opinion (personal position on a topic) Ex. Thor has the best hair. Belief (social, religious, or political in nature – an opinion held by many to be a fact, though it is not necessarily factual – often involves a judgement) Ex. Being a part of Thanos' team is sinfully wrong. Generalization (uses absolute or statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never, none, most, half – avoid using this type of thesis statement unless citing the source of the data) Ex.Everyone associated with Marvel always strives to be the best they can be. Document Based (cites a specific source, author, and position on a topic) Ex. In Avengers:Infinity war, Thanos wiped out half of the universe. Theory (a statement that can be tested and potentially proven - often answers a research question) Ex. Thanos can’t actually wipe out the whole universe without all the stones. Clarification/Expansion of Thesis (could extend the thesis, preview the evidence supporting the thesis, give the purpose of thesis, establish the importance or significance of examining the intricacies of the thesis – this could be several sentences long)

Ex.Marvel has so much more than just the Avengers, they have Doctor Strange, Vision, Black Panther, Ant-Man, Captain Marvel, and so many more. Ex. The remaining Avengers reassemble to undo the chaos left when Thanos awoke. Ex. Iron Man gave his life up just so he could wipe out Thanos and all his team.

Body Paragraphs (must have echoes of the thesis in each AND present evidence to support or expand on the thesis) Topic Sentences (must specifically indicate the topic of the paragraph and focus on one subject and/or area of evidence or support – could start with a “Transition of Logic” that connects to the previous paragraph to give context) Ex. Additionally, Gamora is Thanos daughter but she's good and he's bad. (Now every sentence in this paragraph must be related to the connection between fast food and health) Presenting Evidence from Quotations (quotes should NEVER be used as individual sentences – quotes should be embedded within sentences) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “Fast food can have adverse effects on people’s health” (Schlosser 73). Ex. Iron Man said “ Everybody wants a happy ending, right? But it doesn’t always roll that way. Maybe this time” (Iron Man). Ex. “Everybody wants a happy ending, right? But it doesn’t always roll that way. Maybe this time.” (Iron Man). Ex. “ Everybody wants a happy ending, right? But it doesn’t always roll that way. Maybe this time.”(Iron Man) Ex. “ Everybody wants a happy ending, right? But it doesn’t always roll that way. Maybe this time.”(Iron Man) Ex. “Everybody wants a happy ending, right? But it doesn’t always roll that way. Maybe this time.”(Iron Man). Examining the Evidence Paraphrasing (rewording of a quote into other words of the same length without quotation marks, but still citing the source - useful for examining the quote and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) ORIGINAL QUOTE –”Everybody wants a happy ending,right? But it doesn’t always roll that way. Maybe this time.” (Iron man). Ex. PARAPHRASE –Things might not always go the way we want them to, and that's okay.

Summarizing (condensing larger quotes or sections - useful for closing the examination of the quote/evidence and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “Everybody wants a happy ending, right? But it doesn’t always roll that way. Maybe this time.” Ex. SUMMARY –You don’t always get what you wish for. Abstract Examples (hypothetical, “what if” examples that do not refer to a source – AVOID USING THEM AS EVIDENCE – but useful for examining the quote) Ex.They can beat thanos if they bring everyone together. Concrete Examples (actual examples that do refer to a source – useful for enhancing your analysis of the quote) Ex. In the movie before Avengers:Endgame, they lost, but then in the next movie they found out a second chance to bring everyone back. Closing Sentences (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word – possibly an adverb – and should echo the thesis of the essay) Ex. Clearly, they need to not mess up this second chance to bring everyone back.

Closing Paragraphs (Conclusions – should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay) Consequences of Disregarding the Thesis (establishing the potential consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – CREATING A COUNTERARGUMENT – could be one or more sentences) Ex. If they would’ve won the first time, Thanos and his crew would be gone for good and Iron Man wouldn’t have died. Statement(s) of Extension (extending the consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – could be one or more sentences) Ex. As such, everyone would be back and okay. Reestablishing the Significance of the Thesis (could be one or more sentences) Ex. Thus, they won the battle the second time and beat Thanos and his team but lost Iron Man due to it. Final Sentence (connects to the hook and finishes the essay (finish your argument) – the “Smoky the Bear”/”Drop the mic”/dot dot dot moment…) Ex. So given all this, they won by bringing everyone together.

Chapter 6 ESSAYS Essays –an essay is a piece of writing that gives the authors or writers own argument. Types – Explain each type of essay and state its purpose Persuasive (Argumentative) - an essay to convince a reader about a specific idea Expository (Informative) - clarifying a topic for the reader Analytical/Critical- an essay of the author breaking down something into parts. Evaluative Interpretive Narrative -fact based essay Strategies/Planning Tips/Steps – Start your essays by brainstorming. Don’t think too hard because it’s not good. Start by researching the topic. Then look at your sources

that you are going to use. Find out the prompt of the essay. Start writing your draft. Then look over it, add or fix some things, then write your final draft. Pre-writing/Prompt Analysis/Outlining Researching/Evaluating of Sources Work Cited Page – MLA Format -a text citation of a book, Ex: APA Format - method of citation APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p. 20)