Volume One: Text & Illustrations HARVEY MILLER PUBLISHERS a survey of manuscripts illuminated in france LAWRENCE NEES Frankish Manuscripts The Seventh to the Tenth Century
a survey of manuscripts illuminated in france Frankish Manuscripts the s eventh to the tenth century by Lawrence nees vo L u M e one
Egmond Gospels, added Dedication miniature, Count Theoderic II and Hildegard present a book to Egmond and St. Adalbert, The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, cod. 76 F, ff. 214v–215r (see Cat.79)
harve Y M i LL er pu BL ishers
ManuscriptsFrankishneestheseventhtothetenthcenturyvoLuMeonetext&iLLustrations
a survey of manuscripts illuminated in france General Editors: Christian Heck – Sandra Hindman – Elly Miller
L a W rence
18 4 Bibliography
15 2 Illumination
General Index 378
25 7 Ar
list of Illustrations Bibliography
11 Introduction 14 1
9
31 8 Description
list of manuscripts Catalogued in volume Two Frankish manuscripts and Illustration manuscripts and Historiography and Copying of production and ‘Schools’ tists and Scribes and materials
246
Index of manuscripts Cited 372
230
7
33
list of manuscripts Catalogued page 8 Catalogue 11
37
19 5 ‘renaissance’
Volume One
Volume Two
list of Illustrations in volume One 409
The Illustrations
map of Writing Centres and Sites mentioned page 8 preface
16 3 Insular
Contents
19 6 places
Orléans Trier St-MaximinMurbachWeissenburgAngers
ToulousePoitiers
St Peter RatisbonChiemsee
CividaleInnichenAquileia ReggioBolognaFlorence
Gandersheim
Monte Cassino
Avignon
manuscriptsTerritories
Benediktbeuren Lyon Lucca St-Croix St-MartialSt-Riquier
Langres Disentis
Landévennec
FlavignySt-Germain-des-PrésSur-LoireFleurySt-VaastMarmoutier
Aniane
Hautvillers Mettlach
Bold face indicates places mentioned in with the production or reception of
of Writing Centres and Sites mentioned
MondseeSaltzburgKremsmünster
OsnabrückBremen Verden Hamburg
frankish manuscripts – the seventh to the tenth century m8ap
St Didier
the text associated
St-Martin
St Wandrille Jumièges
Eauze-Auch Conques
ReichenauAugsburg
Gellone
KEy
Extent of the territories c.741
FreisingRegensburgStEmmeram Constance
Narbonne ProvenceAix-en-
Amorbach
Münster
Brest Venice Müstair
Arras Auxerre
Le Mans Dijon Besançcon
AutunVienne Liège
ArgenteuilSt-Denis
St Hilaire St Sulspice St Maixent
Stavelot St FaremoutiersGermainCouches
ruled by kings of the Franks at their greatest extent, after 814, including the Kingdom of the Lombards
Utrecht LaonReimsSt-BertinMeauxCorbieSt-Amand Tours
Clermont
St de-GrandlieuPhilibert- PérigueuxSolignacFerrièresMenatStYrieux
Verona Milan BobbioPavia
StrasbourgCologneChelles
Amiens Metz Arles Paris
St Calais -des-PresGermingyNeversSensNantesBordeauxSaintesNoirmoutier Rouen
Mainz
NonantolaRavennaRome
PerugiaSpoleto
Luxeuil
LobbesNivelles
Extent of the territories c.567
Farfa Hersfeld Corvey PrümEchternach
San Vincenzo
Limoges Bourges
St Gallen Pfävers Tegernsee Chur
Troyes
Lorsch FuldaWürzburg
Aachen
3–4. Gregory, Regula Pastoralis, Frontispiece and incipit pages, ivrea, Biblioteca Capitolare, cod. 1, ff. 55v–56r (cat. 1)
ills.38 1–2
1–2. Gregory, Regula Pastoralis, Frontispiece and incipit pages, ivrea, Biblioteca Capitolare, cod. 1, ff. 1v–2r (cat. 1)
5. Augustine sermons, initial page, Paris, BnF, Ms lat. 11641, f. 34r (cat. 2)
6. Augustine sermons, initial page, Paris, BnF, Ms lat. 11641, f. 38r (cat. 2)
ill.396
ill. 35 56
35. Godesscalc Evangelistary, Evangelist Matthew, Paris, BnF, Ms nouv. acq. lat. 1203, f. 1r (cat. 12)
ill. 72 76
73–74. Gospels, Dedication page and Matthew Preface, Essen, Domschatz, Ms 1, pp. 47–48 (cat. 24)
72. Gospels, Canon table, Essen, Domschatz, Ms 1, p. 44 (cat. 24)
122. Gospels of saint-Denis, back cover with ivory of Christ, Paris, BnF, Ms lat. 9387 (cat. 40)
ill. 122 94
ill. 142109
142. Pseudo-Jerome Commentary on Gospels, Evangelist luke symbol, st. Gallen, stiftsbibliothek, Cod. sang. 124, p. 88 (cat. 45)
ill. 248181
248. Hrabanus Mauraus De laudibus santae crucis, Dedication miniature Emperor louis the Pious, Vatican City, BAV, Reg. lat. 124, f. 4v (cat. 74)
Volume Two: Catalogue HARVEY MILLER PUBLISHERS a survey of manuscripts illuminated in france LAWRENCE NEES Frankish Manuscripts The Seventh to the Tenth Century
8
31. vatican City, biblioteca apostolica vaticana, vat. lat. 7207
9. autun, bibliothèque municipale, mS 3 (S 2)
35. vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, cod. 1861 [olim Theol. 652]
23. bern, burgerbibliothek, cod. 207 (+ Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 7520, ff. 1–24)
8. vatican City, biblioteca apostolica vaticana, reg. lat. 316
11. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 12168
10. autun, bibliothèque municipale, mS 4 (S 3) (+ Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS nouv. acq. lat. 1588 [ff.1–14])
14. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 12048
4. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 256
24. essen, Domschatz, mS 1 (olim münsterschatz s.n.)
5. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 9382
21. Würzburg, universitätsbibliothek, m.p.th.f.69
22. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 731
1. ivrea, biblioteca Capitolare, cod. 1
33. vatican City, biblioteca apostolica vaticana, Pal. lat. 207
12. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS nouv. acq. lat. 1203
19. amiens, bibliothèque louis aragon (olim bibliothèque municipale), mS 18
28. los angeles, J. Paul Getty museum, mS ludwig iv 1
list of manuscripts Catalogued
17. munich, bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm. 27270 (+ Prague, Národni Knihovna České republiky, cod. vi.D.24)
3. St. Petersburg, National library of russia, cod. lat. Q.v.i.14
16. Wolfenbüttel, herzog-august bibliothek, cod. Guelf 34 Weissenburg (olim Weissenburg 34)
25. london, british library, harley mS 2790
6. Würzburg, universitätsbibliothek, m.p.th.f. 67
7. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 10910
32. vatican City, biblioteca apostolica vaticana, Pal. lat. 67
34. vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, cod. 1332 [olim Salisb. 241]
27. vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, cod. 1007
15. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 13159
26. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 4404
2. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 11641 (+ St. Petersburg, Nlr cod. F.i.1 [f. 1], and Geneva, bibliothèque de Genève (olim bibliothèque publique et universitaire), mS lat. 16 [ff. 53])
18. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 12190
13. Cologne, erzbischöfliche Diözesan- und Dombibliothek, cod. 212
20. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 4884
29. montpellier, bibliothèque universitaire historique de médecine, mS h 409 (olim bibliothèque de la faculté de médecine, mS 409)
30. Kremsmünster, benediktinerstift, Cim. 1
63. leiden, universiteitsbibliotheek, cod. vlQ 79 (olim voss. lat. q. 79)
45. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 124
53. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 1
61. berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu berlin – Stiftung Preussischer Kulturbesitz, mS theol. lat. fol. 260
36. munich, bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm. 23631
67. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS 9428
68. vatican City, biblioteca apostolica vaticana, Ott. lat. 79
64. vatican City, biblioteca apostolica vaticana, vat. lat. 3868
37. munich, bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm. 22053
62. london, british library, add. mS 37768
48. vienna, Kunsthistorisches museum, Weltliche Schatzkammer der hofburg, inv.-Nr. Xiii 18
70. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 1152
75. erlangen, universitätsbibliothek erlangenNürnberg, h62 / mS 9 (olim 141)
46. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 1092
43. antwerp, museum Plantin-moretus, mS 17.4 [Denucé 176]
71. munich, Schatzkammer der residenz, Schk 4 Wl
56. Épernay, médiathèque Simone-veil (olim bibliothèque municipale), mS 1
55. bern, burgerbibliothek, cod. 318
76. New york, metropolitan museum of art and The Cloisters, acc. no. 2015.560
44. Frankfurt, universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, mS barth. 32
72. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 257
list of manuscripts catalogued9
69. valenciennes, bibliothèque municipale, mS 69
51. autun, bibliothèque municipale, mS 19 bis (S 19)
66. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 9388
49. Piacenza, biblioteca Comunale Passerinilandi, mS 2
57. utrecht, bibliotheek der rijksuniversiteit, mS 32 (olim Script. eccles. 484)
65. vatican City, biblioteca apostolica vaticana, Pal. lat. 1564
60. vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, cod. 1234 [olim Theol. 313]
40. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 9387
52. bamberg, Staatsbibliothek, msc. Class. 5 (olim hJ iv 12)
74. vatican City, biblioteca apostolica vaticana, reg. lat. 124
78. Cologne, erzbischöfliche Diözesan- und Dombibliothek, cod. 14
73. berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu berlin – Stiftung Preussischer Kulturbesitz, mS theol. lat. fol. 58
38. Poitiers, médiathèque François-mitterrand [olim bibliothèque municipale], mS 17 [olim 65]
59. St. Petersburg, National library of russia, cod. lat. O.v.i.5
41. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 9380
47. St. Gallen, Stiftsarchiv, cod. Fab. 1
42. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 8850
54. vatican City, biblioteca apostolica vaticana, urb. lat. 1146
77. New york, The morgan library & museum (olim Pierpont morgan library), mS m. 728
58. New york, The morgan library & museum (olim Pierpont morgan library), mS m 640
50. bamberg, Staatsbibliothek, msc. bibl. 1 (olim a i 5)
39. Trier, Stadtbibliothek und Stadtarchiv, hs. 23–122a
80. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 269
84. baltimore, Walters art museum, ms. W 4
99. baltimore, Walters art museum, ms. W 3
86. vatican City, biblioteca apostolica vaticana, reg. lat. 438
96. New york, New york Public library, ma 116 (olim cod. De ricci 115)
79. The hague, Koninklijke bibliotheek, cod. 76 F 1
95. Sélestat, bibliothèque humaniste, mS 17 (olim 360, olim 1153bis)
92. vatican City, biblioteca apostolica vaticana, Pal. lat. 834
100. manchester, John rylands university library, mS 10
85. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 9386
97. angers, bibliothèque municipale, mS 24 (olim 20)
89. Düsseldorf, universitäts- und landesbibliothek, cod. b 113
83. Paris, bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, mS 1190
frankish manuscripts – the seventh to the tenth century 10
91. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS lat. 9433
94. Paris, bibliothèque nationale de France, mS nouv. acq. lat. 1132
93. mainz, Wissenschaftliche Stadtbibliothek, mS fragm.18
82. berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu berlin – Stiftung Preussischer Kulturbesitz, mS theol. lat. fol. 283
90. Cambridge, The Parker library, Corpus Christi College, mS 272
87. bern, burgerbibliothek, cod. 264
88. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 22
81. vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, cod. 2687 [olim Theol. 345]
98. The hague, museum meermanno-huis van het boek [olim museum meermannoWestreenianum], cod. 10 b 7
Catalogue11
The catalogue entries in this Survey are arranged in rough chronological order. Since very few are precisely dated internally, or have other reliable indications of dating, the arrangement is approximate, and debatable. Manuscripts with common features of style or origin have sometimes been grouped together for ease of comparison. The arrangement is not intended to indicate that, for instance, entry 7 is later than entry 6 or earlier than entry 8. Generally, manuscripts regarded as earlier will have lower numbers and later manuscripts higher.
bindings are described in summary fashion, except in a few cases when either original to the manuscript, or shedding light on provenance. collation is summary in most cases, focusing on matters that affect the illustrations or other important decoration.
The commentary following the description is intended to provide an assessment of the manuscript’s deco ration, addressing earlier scholarship on this and other issues. The views expressed by the author sometimes diverge from received majority opinion; they do not claim to be the final or even best treatment of the issues, but may serve as a point of departure for further investigation.
script is very important in nearly all of these manuscripts and briefly described. Descriptions with paleo graphical details such as abbreviations are not attempted here, but the bibliography for each item should guide the reader to a fuller treatment. Similarly, text contents make no claim for completeness and texts are con sidered primarily as they bear upon the decoration of the manuscript.
Measurements are averages for the core of the book, not its binding or ruled area. Number of folios means the number in the original volume, not material added subsequently to it.
The literature for each item is focused on art historical literature, with references to a paleographical source where possible, and to historical and literary discussions when relevant. Recent publications are some times cited, most having become available too late to be addressed. facsimile publications, when they exist, are cited separately. digital access usually, but not always, means full reproduction of the manuscript in colour, but some links are to partial reproduction or to digital sources still without images. exhibitions are only cited when accompanied by a published catalogue.
Precise dates are given where available. Date ranges are generally informed estimates, and not meant to rule out the possibility that a book was produced earlier or later. Place of origin is indicated with authorial trepida tion, since few manuscripts can be precisely localized. Even when we know the patron or recipient, we cannot on that basis alone be certain of the place of production. The problem of defining place of origin is exacerbated by confusing geographical terminology within the Frankish kingdoms, which in the period covered by this volume included all of France and all or portions of other modern nations. Generally, the term Francia has been used without regard to modern borders, so ‘north-east Francia’ could be a location in modern France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg or Germany.
User’s12 Guide to the Catalogue
The headings give current location and shelf numbers according to recent names and numbering. Some libraries have changed names, shelf numbers and/or abbreviations. Accordingly, headings do not always exactly correspond to earlier literature. The text contents are described in brief, usually indicating only the most impor tant text, or the text with significant decoration, when the volume has multiple texts.
provenance is generally as complete as has been established, but in some cases the recent history of collec tions is abbreviated, and fuller information can be gleaned from the literature provided.
Desiderius according to the inscription in the form of two separate acros tics, DESIDERIUS PAPA / VIVAT DEO. A Bishop Desiderius of Ivrea attended a synod in Rome in 679–80,1 and the book was most likely made for him. It could be a decade or two earlier or later than 680, but is unlikely to be outside the range 660–700. This is an exceptionally important manuscript, being the only richly-decorated book from the important early writing centre of Luxeuil to have a clear indication of its date, with the added information of its recipient,
Ills. 1–4
235 × 147 mm, ff. 145 (Double foliated, correctly at bottom of page in pencil, and older numbers in ink at top ending in 148)
text decoration: Three full-page decorative pages at the beginning and one framed text page at the end. Many initials somewhat enlarged, four containing more elaborate ornamental elaboration.
f. 148r Explicit in decorative capitals set in unorna mented frame
and green, the last line has the o of Gregory in dia mond-shaped form with a smaller diamond set at its f.centre.2vLarge fine initial N for the beginning of the chap ter list, with spiral upper left serif, and the diagonal stem a twist pattern in pink, yellow and green.
f. 2r (ill. 2) Incipit for the chapter list under a gable, the ornament roughly matching that on the facing verso. The gable has rows of lily-like leaves, and the lintel a twist pattern. Again long-tailed birds in the gable flank an empty horseshoe arch on columns. A pair of much larger long-tailed birds atop the gable, also with grapes in their mouths, with heads against the volutes of a green v-shaped acroterion. The inscrip tion in large ornate capitals alternating lines in red
Gregory, Regula Pastoralis
f. 71r Initial A in red, the descender a diamond lozenge within which is set a smaller diamond and from its end descends another sequence of serif-like spirals.
collation: Quaternios almost throughout, for fif teen of eighteen gatherings, numbered with Roman numeral in bottom centre margin. The first quire has only three leaves, with the framed decorative pages.
binding: Modern leather, restored in 1913
c.680, probably Luxeuil
Ivrea, Biblioteca Capitolare, cod. 1
f. 1r Cross under arch on columns. Colours pale pink ish red, dark blue grey, pale yellow and green. Column shafts solid pink at left and blue at right, with orna mented bases and hourglass-shaped capitals. Arch has a pink vine with green leaves set against yellow. Cross with yellow background, divided into many sec tions by green bands, between which are pink floral forms; long lower section ending in a concave curve, the other terminals in the same shape. At the centre of the cross a medallion containing a smaller equalarmed cross.
f. 3v Explicit for the chapter list in large ornate capi tals, like the incipit, but without a frame.
f. 1v (ill. 1) Acrostic poem under a gable on columns, the shafts solid pink at left and blue at right, as on the recto of the leaf, arranged so that they overlap each other. In the gable a bead-and-reel pattern, in the lintel a zig-zig vine. In the pediment two long-tailed birds with grapes in their mouths flank a horseshoe arch on columns. The poem is made of two square blocks, the upper reading DESIDERIUS ABBA and the lower VIVAT DEO, written in alternating red and green rustic capital letters.
f. 4r Initial P for the main text stretches the entire length of the page, well below the text block, in yellow and green. The bowl is formed of two birds with their heads meeting, set within a compass-drawn line.
f. 56r (ill. 4) Initial A for the opening of the second book of the text, in red, green and purple, with bird for the left descender and the right longer stroke hav ing eyes at each end perhaps suggesting a fish. Double spiral serifs at the upper terminal from which ‘mouth’ hang a series of other spiral serif shapes.
CATAL o GUE N o.1131
script: Decorated and ornamented initials, large coloured capitals, uncials, and compressed cursive minuscule of the type associated with Luxeuil, each used consistently to make new texts and different types of text. Ganz 2002 lists it as the work of three MadeCscribes.oMMENTARYforaBishop
1 Council held by Pope Agatho 679–80, see G. D. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, Graz, 1960, vol. XI, col. 307: Desiderius Episcopus Sanctae Ecclesiae Eporediensis