Buddha Air In-flight Yatra Magazine | Issue February 2019

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Healing with Time Manisha Koirala

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Trusted F ly i n g

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YEARS

Issue # 35 Feb 2019

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Landscape Vistas of

Mt. Everest from the Motorbike

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Flowers of Nepal

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YEARS

Trusted F ly i n g

Namaste and welcome on board Buddha Air!

F

irst of all, I would like to wish you all a Happy New Year 2019!

Last year, we flew over 1.4 million passengers, and I am hopeful that we will surpass this number this year.

With each new year, brings new beginnings. By March 2019, another ATR 72-500 will join the Buddha Air fleet family. We will be expanding our wings to the international skies. We will be operating direct flights between Kathmandu and Kolkata from April 2019. To expand our domestic connectivity, we are connecting Kathmandu and Rajbiraj with direct flights, once Rajbiraj Airport has refueling facilities. If you have always wanted to explore Rajbiraj, then look through our cover story for this issue, “Resplendent Rajbiraj.”

It is wonderful to hear that people are always looking for innovative and unique ways to promote adventure tourism in Nepal.

Take for instance French national, Maurice Dhuchene, who has been visiting Nepal since 1999 and hopes to encapsulate caving and canyoning as adventure activities to do in Nepal. Leaf through the pages of “Nepal: Always My Second Home,” to see what inspired Maurice to travel to Nepal and the motive behind him staying here.

It is a delight to know that hot air balloon will be ad added activity for travelers going to Pokhara. Read all about it in, “The Ballooning Trend.” For a unique trekking experience, go through “Khopra Trek: Annapurna’s Balcony” to learn more about trekking the lesser known areas of Annapurna.

Check out the “Get Featured” section to see the wonderful photos captured by our flyers of their journeys with us. We want to hear from you. Please send us your photos, feedback, suggestions, experiences and testimonials - it could be featured in the next edition of Yatra.

Thank you for choosing to fly with us. I hope you have a pleasant flight.

Birendra B. Basnet Managing Director, Buddha Air

In-flight magazine Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, Nepal e-mail: yatra@buddhaair.com

Published by: Buddha Air Pvt. Ltd., Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, Nepal

Editorial Board : lKhagendra Bahadur Basnet lSubarna Kharel lUL Shrestha lRatna Rai lD.K. Karna Copy Editor: lKabita Thapa

1 in 5 youth who belong to marginalized, minority and disabled communities are unemployed

The Social Protection Expenditure out of the total national budget is 11.3%

1 in 4 people live on less than $1 a day

1 out of 5 thirty year old people would die before their 70th birthday from any of cancer, diabetes, lung and heart diseases

40,000 people get Tuberculosis every year

3 women die due to pregnancy related causes for every 1,000 children born in Nepal

Due to malnutrition 4 out of every 10 children are too short 36% of people for their age eat less than the minimum daily 4 out of every requirement of 100 children born die calories needed for a before their 5th birthday healthy life

The Global Hunger Index is a measurement of world hunger. On the Index Nepal’s score of 21.9 is classified as “Serious” due to food security problems.

Poor nutrition is involved in more than half of all child deaths.

2 in 5 children suffer from stunting or chronic malnutrition, which is the cause of 1 in 3 deaths in children under-five

There are only 7 women for every 10 men enrolled in higher education

2 in 3 women have never told anyone about the violence they have experienced

37% of women currently aged 20-24 got married before the age of 18

Only 46 out of 100 married women participate in major decisions in their life

www.un.org.np | www.sdgsinnepal.org

Facebook: SDGsinNepal | Twitter: @SdgsNepal

For more information about the SDGs in Nepal, please follow:

48% of students complete secondary education

1 in 2 youth and adults have technical and vocational skills

97.2% of children are enrolled in primary education

1 in 20 formally educated youth have obtained vocational and skill based education

71% of youth in Nepal can read and write

Data Sources: - Government of Nepal - United Nations

6 out of 10 households have an improved toilet facility that is not shared with other households

3 in 4 households do not have access to sewage facilities

22% of the population has no toilet

More than half the population don’t use a piped water supply 32% of the population practices open defecation

THE SDGS ARE 17 GOALS COVERING ALL ISSUES TO ACHIEVE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THE FIRST 6 SDGS ADRESS SOCIAL ISSUES

contents

Issue February 2019

cover story 38

rajbiraj

A Journey Through History and Nature

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50

Nepal Always My Second Home

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Murchunga A Time Old Emporium

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Trekking

Photo: Rajendra B. Lama

View from Khopra Ridge 3660 m

Khopra Trek

Annapurna’s Balcony Khopra trek is one of the best trails in the Annapurna region. The lush green forests, peaceful surrounding and the panoramic views of Annapurna and Dhaulagiri are the best rewards for your trekking efforts. Khopra is located at an altitude of 3660 meters. The trekking trail to Khopra lets you take a peek inside the closely-knit communities of Gurungs and Magars. These communities are now economically sustained through tourism, which can be seen when you are trekking. l

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Surendra Rana

The Journey For decades, Khopra was only known as a camping trek, where only a few companies offered trekking packages.

Now, the tables have turned, due to Mahabir Pun, a social entrepreneur who helped to open community lodges in Khopra and other places. Khopra is now a teahouse trek, which has led to a significant increase in the number of trekkers. I had the chance of trekking to Khopra with my friend Raj, who is a long time experienced trekking guide, Berend, a 57-year-old from South Africa and Tobias, a 35-year-old from Germany. We boarded a jeep from Pokhara and diverted to Nayapool and drove along Modi Khola. We followed the 12 km dirt road, and reached the last motorable road at Kimche at 3 pm. After lunch, we began our trek towards Ghandruk Village and reached there at dawn.

Stunning Annapurna south from Mulde viewpoint

Highlight of the Trek No of days: 7- 8 days depending on the tourist’s preference Type of trek: Easy & moderate Lodging & accommodation: Teahouse, homestay and local lodges Entry Permit: ACAP and TIMS Major attractions: Magar and Gurung culture and lifestyles, dense rhododendron forests, panoramic view of Dhaulagiri and Annapurna ranges including Manaslu.

Ghandruk Village (1975m) Ghandruk Village is a beautiful and ancient Gurung hamlet with rich cultural heritage. A cluster village facing north-east, there are homestays, Gurung Museum and lodges that offer accommodation and food. As it is rich in Gurung culture, many travellers go to Ghandruk Village for holiday and research. However, due to local people migration towards the city and abroad and modernization of houses, there is a risk of losing the traditional architecture and culture. Kripasur Gurung, a local lodge

owner is worried about the changes. He believes that building a local zoo, picnic spot and upgrading the museum will be added attractions that would lengthen the stay of the travellers in the village.

Even though we missed the sunrise view from Ghandruk village, we still had the most amazing views of the long stretches of Annapurna South, Himchuli, Gangapurna and Mt. Fishtail.

We started onward, trekking uphill and met several trekkers who were returning from the Ghorepani-Poon Hill trek. The pleasant trek continues with a gentle climb, passing through the lush green forest against the backdrop of the snow-clad peaks. Bhaisikharka is a popular stopover, with teashops offering snacks and lunches. From there, trekking for about one and half hours brings you to Tadapani (2680m). Tadapani is the common meeting and stopover point for trekkers along the Ghorepani, Ghandruk, Khopra and Annapurna Base Camp trek. A long time ago, Tadapani had large swathes of grazing land for sheep and buffaloes. As trekkers started increasing, there was a need for accommodation and food for these trekkers, which led to the development of tea houses along Tadapani. When we arrived at Tadapani, tourists where chilling, enjoying beer and tea.

From Tadapani, we trekked towards the north-east direction through the dense forest. The trail passes through the deep forest with tall trees, rhododendron and oak trees. Mesar (2650m) is a good place for lunch and snacks, and we traversed forward to Isharu and reached Lucky Hotel at Dobate (3426m) around 5 pm - tired and trembling cold. We made our way to the heated dining room where tourists were already gathered around the warm, some sipping Khukuri Rum. It was even colder in the evening, due to the foggy day and minor rainfall. The mountains were hidden in a shroud of mist.

The shrill alarm at 5 am woke me up the next morning. It was still dusk and misty.

Waking Raj up, I said “Oh no! It’s bad luck.”

We had missed the sunrise again, and with a bit of regret, we went back to sleep.

After a nice warm cup of morning tea, we ascended towards the viewpoint, which was a 45 minutes uphill climb. The local name for the viewpoint is Mulde, but Raj prefers to call it “Yak Hill” due to the abundance of yaks nearby. And what a miraculous view it was from Mulde (3637 m)! The 180-degree mesmerizing views with the long stretches of Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges were a sight to behold. From Mulde, we were stunned by the amazing views of Dhaulagiri, Tukuche, Annapurna South,

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Trekking Himchuli, Gangapurna, Mardi, Annapurna I, Manaslu, etc. Spending an hour there was heaven. Everyone was truly immersed in its beauty, capturing several photos to commemorate the moment. The far away hills were enclosed with a layer of fogs with the high Himalayas seating over it. Simply astonishing and indescribable!

We returned back to Dobate, had breakfast and continued forward. The trek was gentle at first, with a few steep trails.

Bayale, our next stop, has a community lodge which is reached in 1.5 hours. From there, there are two trails that diverge.

The lower one goes to Chistibung with a massive climb to reach Khopra while the straight but irregular trail goes straight to Khopra.

Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP) has cautioned trekkers against using the upper trail as trekker had gone missing a few years ago. Not heeding the caution, we continued on with the upper trail and soon got lost! We were wedged in the middle of the thick rhododendron bushes and struggled for one and a half hours to find a way out. There was mud on the ground with tall grasses, bushes and leeches attached to our feet!

Thank god, Deb, our assistant guide saw a trail mark across the rock, bringing back our hope again. We resumed the trek, crossing streams, passing through the thick bushy uphill trail. We met a shepherd who showed us the way forward. It was already late afternoon, and we were tired and hungry too. The

few chocolates and water we had kept our energy going. We met another group of shepherds who pointed us to the right trail. With the little energy, we continued forward and finally reached Khopra, it was dusk and the weather was still gloomy!

Khopra Ridge (3660 m) It was such a relief and relaxing moment to reach Khopra Community Lodge. We went inside the room to keep warm and satiate our hunger. Half of the day was foggy with minor rainfall. The long trek on an empty belly was exhausting.

Berend and Tobias drank Khukuri Rum while Raj and I enjoyed warm raksi. As the body temperature rose, we talked about the long day. We feasted on Dal Bhat while our foreign friends had spaghetti.

A decade ago, Mahabir Pun, a Ramon Magsaysay Award Winner had helped in opening many community lodges in the Myagdi district, which included Khopra.

Mr. Pun also started Yak farming at Khopra.

Initially, he brought 29 yaks from Mustang, and the number has now reached 150. The manager of the lodge says that the local community has benefitted with the income from the lodge and yak farming, which supports the operation of local school and clinic. Mr. Pun’s efforts have also led to high-speed wireless internet connection in Khopra Lodge and other remote villages of Nepal. Khopra ridge is famous for its close-view and long ranges of peaks like Dhaulagiri and Annapurna.

We spent the next morning exploring

It i n e r a r y Day 1 Pokhara - Kimche - Ghandruk 1975 (Jeep 3.5 hr, 30

Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5

Day 6 Day 7

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min trek) - Birethati- Syauli - Kimche - Ghandruk - 6 hr trek Ghandruk - Tadapani - Dobate, 3426m (7-8 hr trek) Dobate - Bayale - Khopra ridge, 3660m ( 7-8 hr) Khopra - Chistibung - Swanta 2200m (6-7 hr) Swanta - Phalante - Ghorepani 2840 m(4-5 hr) - Sunrise view to Poon Hill - 45 min Ghorepani - Banthati - Ulleri ( 4 hr) Ulleri - Birethati - Pokhara ( Jeep 3 hr) - Ulleri-Tikhedunga-Birethati, 3-hour trek

the natural views. After breakfast, we began our steep descending trail for 1.5 hours. Chistibung was the next stop for lunch. Then, it was a downhill trail through the river streams and woods, which takes about 3 hours to reach the village of Swanta (2200m) for an overnight stay. Despite the hazy evening, the dazzling Dhaulagiri was seen in the west for a short while before dawn.

Trek to Ghorepani (2840m) The next day starts with a moderate descent. After crossing the suspension bridge, the trail goes up and in 2 hours we reached Phalate village. This village is connected with a jeep track. After 2 hours of ascending trail, we reached Ghorepani the famous hill station. Poon Hill is another 45-minute climb. You can also head southwest, downhill trek to Phoolbari and follow the recently explored Karbakeli Eco-trek as well. Towards northeast, the trail leads to Annapurna Base Camp and Ghandruk via Deurali. As we had already visited Mulde for sunrise view, we moved forward after having lunch at Hungry Eye Hotel. Passing through the thick rhododendron forest and waterfall, we reached Banthati for an overnight stay. The next final day was a knee-cracking downhill trek, where we met several trekkers climbing up to Ghorepani and Annapurna Base Camp. Soon, we climbed down to Ulleri and advanced to Bokemi where we caught a jeep back to Pokhara via Birethati and Nayapool.

e x p e r i ence

My experience on Khopra trek

Peter Budd

Australian Ambassador to Nepal

Ambassador with his daughter Elsa

W

hen I first got my posting as Ambassador to Nepal, I yak trails over highly undulating terrain. Phone coverage would be imagined all the wonderful treks I could do in a country intermittent. Perfect. renowned for its mountainous beauty. But 19 months into my 3 to The first day included a flight to Pokhara and then a 2-3 hour 4 years in Nepal, I became worried that I was going to waste the trek to Tadapani (2,450m). It included a walk through an oak and opportunity. I’d let work get in the way. rhododendron forests which must be fantastic when in bloom By late 2018, my wife Emma had already completed 2 treks: in April (a reason to go back). The walk offered views of the one to Mardi Himal with my daughter in January, and the Annapurna Range culminating in an enjoyable sunset over other was an October trip to Langtang with some old school the mountains. friends. Their wonderful stories and photos were The second day was a 6-hour walk to Dhankharka It was five days triggering an unhealthy level of envy. So when a trip (3000m), through rain forest, and featuring regular of glorious and glimpses of the spectacular Annapurna range and to Thorung La fell through, I decided I had to commit to a trek. My daughter Elsa’s arrival in November from positive interaction Fishtail Mountain. Day three began with an earlyAustralia was all the excuse I needed to clear my work with Nepali people, morning wake-up to experience a mountain sunrise culture, cuisine and and 360 degree panorama, then a three-hour walk calendar. environment Very unreasonably, I gave Rasuwa Treks one week’s to Khopra Ridge. Describing it would do it injustice, notice. I further complicated matters with advice that my time so I won’t. From that magnificent highlight, on day four it was limited - I could only get away for 5 days. The company's was a downhill trek to Swanta (2200m) and a view of Mt. Operation Manager, Gagan Raj Neupane, proposed a trek Dhaulagiri. Day five was a comfortable 5-hour walk to Ulleri to Khopra Ridge. It was a path less travelled, and described (1800m). It was five days of glorious and positive interaction as well worth the trip. At 3,700m it posed no altitude risk, but with Nepali people, culture, cuisine and environment. promised awe inspiring views including Annapurna South and Finally, I got to do the trek. In the next twelve months I plan to Varashikar and Niligiri mountains. On the way, panoramic views of be better organised, and have already planned trips to Gokyo and the Annapurnas would be a permanent feature, wandering along Humla planned. Trekking in Nepal is highly addictive, in a nice way!

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e x p e r i ence

Poon Hill Trek

For A Relaxing Getaway

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“T

he only thing constant about our trek was Anoushka befriending every local to ask the remaining distance we had to walk and our guide joking about how slow we were,� started Astha Basnet. Confident in their fitness, the 6 girls who never left their comfort zone trekked off to Poon Hill trek (3210m) in mid-November 2018. Reaching the peak exhausted was a reality check! They bowed down to the glorious view of the Himalayas and the wonderful memories they had made along the way.

"I think it was me who had this overall idea of trekking. One of my uncles had trekked to Annapurna Base Camp earlier this year and the mesmerizing mountains and his pictures I had seen on social media lured me. So I just made a group and convinced the girls to go for a trek," Astha Basnet confessed. As they were apprehensive about trekking unknown routes for the first time, they took the wise decision to get themselves a trekking guide, Alina KC. Kicking off the first day with a drive from Nayapul to Hilley, the girls trekked for 4 hours to Ulleri. When asked if they were

memorable moments.

The trek to Ghorepani was a little disappointing because of the drizzling rain and gloomy weather. The girls were hoping for better weather when they reached Poon Hill. But, the weather changed for the better when they reached Ghorepani. "It was a breathtaking moment when we reached Ghorepani. The view of the shiny cotton-like snow-capped mountains seemed so close to me. The uniform blue houses, the welcoming faces of the people and the innocent laughs of the children and walking through the mini Tibetan market were such noteworthy moments," expressed Sahara Meanwhile, Anoushka gave credit to their guide, Alina. "If it wasn't for Alina's encouragement, our exhaustion would have taken a toll on us. But, she was very understanding and motivated us to move forward."

The journey between Tadapani (2630m) to Ghandruk (1940m) was the most difficult for them. When trekking uphill, everyone thought the downhill trek would be easier. "But I was startled to see the never-ending Tadapani downhill," said Arju.

pumped enough to explore the inner villages of Ulleri after reaching the hotel, Sahara exclaimed, "We felt we had walked enough of the village to be ready to walk around again for the tour. It was the excitement about spending time and catching up with each other along the way which was a complete package for us.�

We all know there is always this one person in the group who is crazy about selfies. In their group, it was Anoushka Malla, the "Selfie Queen." She climbed to the top of the highest rock, toeing the rushing waterfall to get the perfect selfie.

With a light breakfast consisting of Gurung bread, the girls continued with their trek from Ulleri. "I have never been so much into nature. As a person who has lived in the city for a long time, the feel of nature with the sounds of the rushing river and the birds chirping, the cleanliness of the trekking trail and the heart-melting views of the Himalayas were indeed an experience I will cherish for a lifetime," said Shivani. Their exhaustion only motivated them to move forward for those glorious views and

Ayesha, the fastest walker of the group, uplifted the spirit of the group by shouting catchy phrases like, "Come on girls! We are six bodies but one soul!" and kept the vibe of the journey lively and fun.

For the girls, the Poon Hill trek was a relaxing getaway from the hustle and bustle of the city and spending a much needed time with each other. The hotel in Ghandruk, the garden view, the hospitality of the people, the authenticity of the traditional houses and singing and dancing to the personal beats were unanimously everyone's favorites. Out of the blue, Shivani added, "Also, Gurung bread was a favorite for me. If people are what they eat, then by the end of the trek, I was Gurung bread."

"We chose to wine and dine, over sleep and rest at Pokhara.

A day before and two days after the trek in Pokhara were enough for us to celebrate the pre and post trek shenanigans," concluded Anoushka. There are further trek plans for the girls to go to Rara, Panch Pokhari, Annapurna Base Camp and then to Everest Base Camp.

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profile

Nepal Always My Second Home Since his first visit to Nepal in 1999 to do the Annapurna trek, Maurice Dhuchene has done 105 treks and expeditions in Nepal. He has summitted Island Peak (6,189m) and Mera Peak (6,479 m) two times each.

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M

aurice Dhuchene was born Since I was only 15 years old, I had in Lyon, the third largest three dreams in my life; caving, metropolis of France in exploring the Amazon forest and 1947. He worked at France Police for 33 years. His main job was providing visiting the Himalayas of Nepal adventure sports like canyoning, caving, mountaineering, trekking His First Visit To and rock climbing to the Nepal spoiled-youth generation “Since I was only in France. These outdoor 15 years old, I had activities are helpful in three dreams in my engaging the youth to life; caving, exploring explore themselves and the Amazon forest and show them the path to visiting the Himalayas becoming a good citizen of Nepal,” recalled and be a positive and Maurice. His dreams contributing member in of caving and exploring society. He also worked as a the Amazon were speleologist (cave specialist) fulfilled early in his life. and in rescue operation field Unfortunately, due to for many years while serving lack of funds, it took the France Police. According him a long time to visit to Maurice, caving is a Siddha Cave the Himalayas. Then, unique activity that happens opportunity came knocking in a limited space and close in November 1999 where he environment. The person learns was able to fulfill his most self-exploring, self-defense and important dream. His trip to understands the true value of life.

South America was cancelled, With his extensive knowledge and allowing him an unplanned experience, his team published trip to Nepal. “Whatever a well-researched cave rescue happened, it turned out for manual in 1977-78.

At 71, Maurice is still an energetic good!” exclaims Maurice. He man. He is always thinking about came to Nepal at the age of how to help in the development and 52 to do the Annapurna round promotion of adventure tourism trek with Kabindra Lama, as in Nepal, especially canyoning and an assistant guide, which they Artficial Cave in Mustang caving. According to Rajendra Lama completed in 4 weeks. Back (Managing Director of Friends Adventure in those days, the Annapurna trek Team and President of Canyoning was pristine and beautiful without Association of Nepal), Maurice is the first dust, he remembers. He travelled to person to introduce professional canyoning Nepal for Himalayas, but the friendly as an adventure tourism product in Nepal. nature and generosity of the Nepali Maurice has explored dozens of caves people and their lifestyle won him across Nepal. He recently returned from over, enticing him to return to Nepal a month-long cave exploration in Upper again and again. “Despite the hard Dolpa. life, Nepalis are always happy and We met up with Maurice at his smiling compared to the people in residence in Ranibari, Kathmandu where the west,” utters Maurice. he retold his story.

Phu Manang

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profile

Copper Mine Cave Narphu

Annapurna Cave

Canyoning and Caving in Nepal During his 4 weeks trekking Annapurna, he eyed hundreds of Himalayan waterfalls along the trail.

Seeing the dozens of pristine waterfalls, he already thought of the possibility of canyoning. When he returned home to France, he published an article about canyoning in the local paper in France.

This article drew the attention of Rodolphe Sturm, a canyoning enthusiast.

In the later years from 2001 to 2003, Maurice, Rodolphe and Kabindra explored the feasibility of canyoning spots in Nepal.

He had also seen ice caves during his Annapurna Base Camp trek. Later, he explored Bimalnagar Cave, Gupteshwor

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Cave (Pokhara), Alapeshwor Cave, Kusma Cave (which claims to be the deepest cave in Baitadi), Rukum and several others. “Alpeshwor Cave is the finest of them all,� says Maurice. He does see great opportunities for Gupteshwor and Alpeshwor Caves, but due to improper management, it has led to a huge hindrance for its growth.

He led a team of 8 people to Dolpa cave exploration for a month in Sept 2018. He is excited and is preparing for his next cave exploration to Thorang Peak (6000m) which will be done in May 2019.

When asked about the feasibility of canyoning in Nepal, Maurice opined that

due to Nepal’s vertical landscape, there is a huge potential for it. But caving is a different activity, there are big challenges for preserving and conserving its gallery, which is the main attraction. Additionally, he emphasized the need for more efforts in the development and promotion of caving as an adventure activity by tourism stakeholders.

About His Social Work Maurice is a keen social worker, who has helped 1.5 dozen Nepali youth to obtain canyoning, caving, language, first aid, archaeology and cultural exchange training from France. These youths are now well-established in their respective professions. He is actively engaged in social work with Ice Himalaya Association and is the president of the organization. Through the organization, he has provided secondary education to over 50 students and language training in collaboration with Alliance Francaise,

Maurice Dhuchene with family in Nepal

Kathmandu. In partnership with Trekking Agencies' Association of Nepal (TAAN), he has coordinated with 3 doctors and 2 rescue specialists from France and has successfully conducted International Mountain Security and First Aid training to over 309 participants active in the tourism field in Nepal.

Maurice is currently living in Kathmandu with his Nepali family for the last 4 years, but he does occasionally visit France for his organizational work. He proudly says, “Nepal is my second home and I hope to die here.”

His Future Plans “I want to continue my life in exploration and providing first aid training to Nepali youths as long as my health permits,” says Maurice. He has never thought of retiring and is keen on providing social services and contributing to the promotion of adventure tourism in Nepal. According to him, if the government of Nepal provided easy rules and special entry provision for retired people, the country would benefit economically as many French people

Every place in Nepal is beautiful, but Dolpa is his best destination would like to spend their retired life in Nepal and die here just like him.

It is a coincidence that the diplomatic relations between France and Nepal, after Maurice Herzog and his team conquered Annapurna, the first eight-thousander to be conquered by a man in 1950 will be celebrating its 70th anniversary soon.

As Nepal is campaigning for “Visit Nepal Year 2020”, the government should take this opportunity to invite alpinist, mountaineers, and other prominent figures who have greatly contributed in the promotion of Nepal’s tourism and commemorate the 70 years of diplomatic relation.

For Maurice, every place in Nepal is beautiful, but Dolpa is his best destination. It has been 19 years since his first footsteps in Nepal, but he has repeatedly visited Nepal and is actively

contributing to exploring canyoning, caving and providing training to the Nepali youth and doing social work. He has trekked Annapurna Sanctuary 16 times, Langtang 22 times, Everest Base Camp 4 times, Manaslu 3 times and Kanchenjunga once.

Great salute to Maurice Dhuchene for this untiring contribution in the exploration and promotion of adventure tourism in Nepal for the past two decades and best wishes for his good health and future. surand.rana@gmail.com

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Hot Air Balloon

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The Ballooning Trend L

axmi Gauchan, a resident of Kathmandu was amazed by the news of about the inception of hot air balloon in Pokhara.

She could now take the pleasure of taking part in the courageous sport, which she could only witness through the television and other countries. “Even though I was alone, I came to Pokhara. It was a joy to be up with the clouds,” recounts Laxmi.

She further added, “For people who are agitated or are afraid of paragliding or ultra-light flight, a hot air balloon is a fantastic option.”

Hot air balloon has been in operation in Pokhara since the third week of November 2018. Balloon Nepal Private Limited is the organizer of the hot air balloon in Pokhara.

With an initial investment of Rs. 1.5 crore, the company will be increasing future investments with core analysis of the ongoing business. Another company had tried a hot air balloon business in Nepal in 2003, but due to circumstances like political instability, the investors stepped aside as it was not profitable for them.

Taking off from a big farm in front of Phewa Lake early in the morning, your balloon floats up to the sky, where you get to view the mesmerizing sunrise, after which, the balloon lands at Hemja. Hot air ballooning is geared to be the next big hit after paragliding, ultra-light flight, zip flying, etc in Pokhara. The city is all set to nurture its tourism to explore its untouched extravagance of ancient cities, green mountains and jungles, besides its already famous rivers, lakes and mountains with the hot air balloon.

The company, Balloon Nepal will be given similar permission by the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN), like that given to a ultralight flight. With permission, they should also be in close

coordination with the tower at Pokhara Airport, before, during and after the hot air balloon flight. The call sign 9 NAW has been assigned for the same. For every flight that takes off or lands, the pilot of the hot air balloon coordinates with the airport tower. At the moment, the company has been given approval for hot air balloon flights up to 500 meters. “The aim is to commercially start the hot air balloon flight in Pokhara, then Chitwan and Lumbini,” says Prabin Maharjan, Director of Balloon Nepal Pvt.Ltd. He further said, “Pokhara is just the beginning, and we are overwhelmed by the positive response.”

Two balloons, with a capacity of 6 to 8 people each were bought. For operating the hot air balloon flights, the company has rented the hangar of ultralight flight company, Avia Club in Thulo Khet.

People who have booked the hot air balloon flight are picked up at Lakeside and are driven to the hangar at 5 am.

The employees ready the balloon at the destination. A gas stove is lit to fill the hot air inside the balloon, readying it for the flight. The pilot instructs the passengers about safety measures and welcomes them onto the basket, located on the lower end of the balloon. Until and unless the balloon is fully air-filled and ready for flight, it is controlled with the ropes while on land. The ropes are then released, and the balloon floats along with the direction of the wind. “The hot air that we fill for the balloon assists it to fly. Controlling the ONE hour flight cost Rs. 11,000 for Nepalis US$ 160 for foreigners half-hour flight Rs. 6,000 for Nepalis & US$ 90 for foreigners

pace of the hot air, we balance the outer air and the movement of the balloon,” said the balloon pilot. Upon landing, the balloon is balanced in such a way that the magnitude of the hot air inside the balloon lessens and assists for a safe landing.

“Hot air balloon has its own perks. It might not be a thrilling experience for those who wish to compete with the wind flow, but it is relaxing and calming time while enjoying the nature beneath,” says Prabin Maharjan.

The price of the hot air balloon in Pokhara varies for Nepalis and foreigners.

For an hour flight, it costs Rs. 11,000 for Nepalis and US$ 160 for foreigners, while the half-hour flight costs Rs. 6,000 for Nepalis and US$ 90 for foreigners.

Maharjan guarantees that the costs are more affordable than what the other nations are charging. He claims that each passenger taking the flight has been insured US$ 20,000 each.

As the winter tides are slowly hitting the country, the fogs make the view of the textured landscape an eyesore, until the sun clears them. Since it is a new sport, it has created much hype in the Nepali market.

Amy Thapa, a tourist from England reviewed the balloon flight to be safe and unique. “Back in England, hot air balloon flights aren’t available in the city or crowded areas, which is similar to the experience in Pokhara. On a clear weather, it is fun to fly in the hot air balloon,” says Amy. Pokhara has positioned itself as the top city for tourists travelling to Nepal, especially those who come to Nepal for memorable adventures. The success of the hot air balloon in Pokhara hangs in the balance of the people who are interested in taking to the skies in a balloon.

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flowers

F l o w e r s

o f

N e p a l

Discovering the NationThrough its Flora A

s the monsoon rains sweep across the narrow lanes, Nepal comes to life with colourful flowers – a serene respite from the sweltering heat of the previous months.The summer / monsoon months is when Nepal is covered in lush green hues. Mother Nature has blessed the country with bountiful bio-diversity and its flora reflects this richness due to the variation in climates and altitudes.

The country is home to more than 7,000 species of flowering plants with 283 species that are endemic to its boundaries. If eight of the world’s tallest mountains (above 8,000 meters) make the crown of the nation, then the flowers make the precious jewels that adorn it. Let’s read about five of the most commonly found flowers in Nepal and why they hold significance in the Nepali culture.

Marigold (Saipatriphool) Our memories of Dashain and Tihar would not be complete without these bright yellow pops of colour decorating our homes and gardens. Marigold flowers have auspicious status during one of the biggest celebrations as they are used as decorations and offerings to Gods. These pretty flowers grow between 0.1 meters (m) to 2.2 m tall and are often found in bright yellow and golden orange colours with green leaves. The flower head contains many small petals grouped together, which is why this flower is called saipatri– “sai” meaning hundred and “patri”

18 Photo: YetiCrafts

meaning petals. It often sees a surge in cultivation during the Dashain / Tihar season as seen in the hands of street vendors in New Road. They give a musky but a light pungent smell – nothing too overpowering.

Fun fact: Kathmandu Valley alone consumes almost 75% of the marigolds sold across the country during Dashain & Tihar.

Poinsettia (Lalupate) Poinsettia is one of the most commonly planted flowers in Nepal. If you see a bright flash of red flowers that almost look like leaves but aren’t green, then it is most definitely Poinsettia.

These can grow from 0.6 m to 4 m in height and are essentially shrubs. The bright flaming red flowers are actually the leaves while the flowers themselves are yellow in colour but tiny in comparison. This is why it is called lalupate in Nepali – “lalu” meaning red and “pate” meaning leafy. This flower is popular in Christmas time mainly due to its colours and is often called “Christmas flower”. This perfectly coincides with its flowering season i.e. November and December.

Fun fact: Poinsettias are indigenous to Mexico. The flower gets its name from Joel Roberts Poinsett, the first minister from USA to Mexico, who introduced the flower to the USA.

Red Rhododendron (Laliguras)

Found in the hilly areas across Nepal, the country is home to more than 30 species of Rhododendron. This must be the reason why this flower was chosen to be the national emblem. It blossoms during March – April and against the greenery the flower stands out in a deep shade of scarlet, creating one of the most beautiful sights. The plant can grow up to 15 m in height and the flower head holds 7 – 8 bulbs of small florets. They can also be found in pink and white in colour too. If you visit the countryside during the flowering season, you can often spot this on the hair buns of female cattle herders.

Fun fact: Red Rhododendron flowers are edible and are consumed to cure diseases like dysentery.

However, rhododendron tea should be drunk with caution as they give a very strong sweet scent.

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flowers Purple globe Amaranth (Makhmaliphool) Another flower that is reminiscent of cultural celebrations in Nepal is the Purple Globe Amaranth. This is a stout plant that grows up to 6 cm in height. The flower head is a deep magenta shade with an ombre of white, pink, lilac and purple within its florets. Along with Marigold, Purple Globe Amaranths are used to make garlands during Bhai Tika (Brother’s Day), celebrated on the last or fifth day of Tihar, because they retain their colour and shape even after they dry, signifying a sister’s wish for her brother’s long-life. The flower is called Makhmaliphool because the flower feels velvety and smooth to the touch but it does not have any smell.

Fun fact: The purple flower heads of the plant is edible and has been used in herbal medicine since the 1870s.

They have been used as a medicine for various respiratory diseases like bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, whooping cough and other conditions.

Whatever the occasion may be flowers are accepted as the perfect companion, in life or death. Humans have known to admire flowers since time immemorial. Van Gogh admired sunflowers as much as Monet loved water-lilies.

Each flower mentioned above (except orchids) holds a cultural significance in Nepal.

Orchids (Sunakhari) 385 types of orchids have been registered as growing in Nepal and this number is still increasing, making this flower as one of the rare jewels of the crown. Orchids are usually found growing in cloudy and moist forests often leaning on to another vigorous plant like a tree for support. Next time you trek through the forests, keep an eye out for the orchids! This astoundingly beautiful flower is highly valued for its frailty as well as its importance in herbal medicine. Orchids are often the most prized possessions of a flower lover. If you want to see orchids in full bloom, then visit the Godavari Botanical Garden between March – April and July – August.

Fun fact: Panch Aule literally meaning five-fingered is an orchid found in the high altitudes of Dolpa. It is supremely valued for its medicinal properties and is currently threatened due to smuggling.

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B o o k Re v i e w

The Autobiography of Dr Kalam A book review of Kalam’s “My Journey: Transforming Dreams Into Actions”

l Krity Jha, Purser

L

ife does not come with a manual, nor is there a compass pointing us in the right direction. Sometimes, even after following all the right directions and making the right decisions, we are still lost. However, even after losing out all the oversights, we can still come back to its course if we have conviction with a little boost and support from our loved ones, persuading us to fight against all the odds. The only way to survive is to face all your troubles and rebuild your life.

The memoir about Dr Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam is exceptional, especially when reading is something that you love to do. Among many of his books, I picked up, “My Journey: Transforming Dreams Into Actions,” an autobiography published

by Rupa Publications in 2013. Dr Kalam takes us on a journey of 145 pages, from his young days living in his ancestral home to a large limestoned brick house built in the 19th century on the island of Rameshwaram. His upbringing was not luxurious but was filled with love and harmony. He had a wonderful bond with his father, Jainulabiddin Marakayar. Both father and son used to take walks in the morning, discussing peculiar questions with each other. The walks were life lessons for young Kalam. His father taught him that adversities always present opportunities.

When I was younger, I used to think that Dr Kalam was a school teacher as I mostly saw him surrounded by kids in photos and other media. At a quiz competition during school, we were asked who said this quote, “ All Birds find shelter during rain.

But Eagle avoids rain by flying above the Clouds.” My mind was racing, wondering who had said this beautiful quote. My team did not know it, but I was more concerned with finding out who said that quote then winning the quiz. Finally, a member of the participating team answered, “President Abdul Kalam.” That day, I found out that Dr Kalam was the President of India and not a

school teacher.

Dr Kalam was born on 15th October 1931 at Rameshwaram, Tamil Nadu. He specialized in Aeronautical Engineering from Madras Institute of Technology. Dr.Kalam is one of the most distinguished scientists. He was the President of India from 2002 to 2007. He has received honorary doctorates from 45 universities in India and abroad. Some of the notable awards he has won are Padma Bhusan (1981), Padma Vibhushan (1990) and India highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna (1997).

He worked at a young age in Samsuddin Newspaper distribution agency as a hawker at Rameshwaram during the Second World War. With his earnings from the job, he financially supported his family, without harming his APJ Abdul Kalam - My Journey Author: APJ Abdul Kalam education and ethics.

Publisher: Rupa Publications Even at a young age, Price: US$ 8 he was the proud son of a proud mother.

He has written beautifully about woman’s sacrifices, love and giving nurture in his autobiography. To him, his mother Ashiamma Jainulabiddin and his sister, Asim Zohra were the strongest anchors behind his success. We all have a mentor in our life, and for Dr Kalam, it was his brother-in-law, Ahmed Jainulabiddin. Ahmed had shaped and changed the mind of Dr Kalam and losing him was the toughest part of Kalam’s life.

Dr Kalam wrote about his failure and tough routes he endured to success. He rightly said, “You should always remember that we don't just build on successes, we also build on failures.” For me, he is a true inspiration for those with a can-do attitude. “Dream is not the thing you see in sleep but is that thing that doesn't let you sleep, ” says Dr Kalam. This book is a nostalgic trip filled with lessons to be learnt.

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ch i t cha t

22

Healing With Time Manisha Koirala W

ith a warm smile, heart full of promising stories, waiting to unveil her perspectives and the things life has taught her, the Bollywood diva makes her way towards us. Welcoming us to her beautiful garden, Manisha Koirala looked excited and confident. Renowned for her exceptional acting, Manisha is also known as a cancer fighter and survivor, motivational figure, author and an inspiration to many.

Her recently published memoir “Healed” tells the story of all the important phases of her life. Her memoir is an inspiration for those who are in the midst of overcoming challenges in their own lives. In her comeback role (after surviving cancer) in “Dear Maya,” Manisha portrayed a lonely woman who welcomes life and love with open arms after a series of letters written to her, prompted her to do so. “The decision to do the film taught me a lot about getting up from the rubble and starting a new life,” says Koirala. Having been diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 2012, Manisha battled cancer and was declared cancer-free in 2015. For Manisha, the cancer was penance for all the times she had taken life for granted. In one of her interviews, she confessed that the news of her cancer came at an emotional low point in her life, when she had many struggles in her personal life.

Bollywood Beginnings Manisha started her career in the industry at a very young age. When starting out, she was more innocent, timid, apprehensive and shy. Her Bollywood debut was in a Subash Ghai directed movie, Saudagar with Vivek Muharan. This movie gave her a lot of exposure to the industry. This was a small first step to her stairway of blockbuster hits and displaying her acting prowess to the world.

Reminiscing about her first years in Bollywood, Manisha was simply fascinated by the industry, that pulled her away from her politically blessed family in Nepal. “There were many feelings of low confidence, struggles and hurdles that I faced, but I was motivated to make a name in the industry, portraying different characters and learning and doing something new,” says Manisha. When asked about experiencing a cultural shock in the industry, she said that the support of the people around her kept her safe. The anticipation of becoming a future diva kept her focused on fulfilling her aspiration. This meant devoting and giving her best during acting trainings, horse riding sessions, dancing, diction classes and taking lessons from her seniors.

With a successful and illustrious career, Manisha’s life looks picture perfect to anyone who sees it on the surface level. What most people do not see or comprehend are the many challenges and the life-altering incidents she has encountered. She has faced many drawbacks in her professional and personal life. From all these life hurdles, one message she would give our readers is, “Do not take life for granted. I am telling you this out of my own experience. I took life for granted and regretted it later.

This taught me to be grateful for what I have in my hands now. Do not wait for an opportunity to find you, grab it when it shows up. Time, age and experience will teach you values that life carves, but if you let go of opportunity when it comes knocking, you will not be able to forgive yourself.” When she said she “took life for granted” she explained that she had ignored the fame she was getting, thinking that it would last. She even rejected good films and ignored the blessed aspects of her life.

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E M PLOY E E p r o f i l e

Rapid Fire With Manisha Koirala 1. Proudest moment in your Bollywood career?

When one of the finest director, Mani Ratnam believed in me and my capacity and looked out for me.

2. A decision that you think you should not have made?

Rejecting a few good movies that came my way.

3. A fun memory in Bollywood that you laugh at?

Being a ghost by wearing scary makeup and draped in white cloth and scaring people on the movie sets.

4. Movie scene(s) that make you cringe?

MANY MANY MANY 5. Will we get to see the next part of Healed?

Absolutely, already working on it.

6. Bollywood or Kollywood?

Love for Bollywood but would love to work in Kollywood too!

7. Your guilty pleasure?

Cancer feeds on sugar, but that’s one thing I can’t stop. I love sweets!

8. Inspiring figure?

Lisa Ray 9. One incident in life that you would change if you had time?

MANY MANY MANY 10. Rank the following in terms of which phases taught you the greatest life lesson; Diva, Conjugal Life, Bollywood comeback, Cancer and Influencer as a writer. a. Cancer b. Influencer as a writer c. Bollywood comeback d. Diva e. Conjugal life 11. One factor how ‘When Breath Becomes Air’ differs from ‘Healed?’ SPOILER ALERT! The ending. ‘Healed’ gives hope to people struggling while in ‘When Breath Becomes Air,’ the writer dies at the end.

11. One word to describe your experience with Buddha Air? Fabulous

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food

The Maris of the Valley M

ari may not have a literal translation from Nepal Bhasa.

It means roti in Nepali, which can be translated to bread or confection depending on the context. Although traditional Newari confections/breads are sweet, they are not necessarily eaten as desserts. Some are eaten as breakfast, some for lunch, some with tea and some as part of suku bhwe - the traditional Newari feast. While few like gwaramari, lakhamari and yomari among locals and foreigners, there are still other maris that are enclosed within the Newari community.

Jeri Swari: Although not a traditional Newari sweet, it is one of the most popular sweets eaten for breakfast with Nepali tea (milk tea). It was probably introduced by the southern neighbours who have jalebis. You can devour the sweetness of the jeri separate from the savouriness of the swari but they taste best when the jeri is wrapped with Swari.

Malpa: Another southern borrow, Malpa or Malpua is a pancake dish served mostly during festivities like Tihar.

This sweet is also seen being dipped in tea.

Khaja: Khaja usually means lunch in Nepali, but the Khaja bread is a special Newari sweet bread served during the suku bhwe also known as lapte or jho bhwe.

The mari is similar to another popular mari, called the Phini, but is sweeter, is thin

and rectangular unlike the round Phini and is sprinkled with saffron.

Balbara: This is probably the most hidden sweet in the traditional Newari maris, since it is found only to Patan and its vicinity. This round shaped mari with holes is served during bhwey but can be eaten for breakfast or as a snack with tea.

The beauty of eating a traditional Newari mari is that they can be eaten as snacks with tea and are not limited to being side dishes served during feasts. There are other sweets like Barfi and Lakhmari which are served as desserts at the feasts.

Maris are also served to gods during prayers and pujas.

Where To Get Them?

Jeri, Swari and Malpa are easily found in many of the sweet shops around Kathmandu. But if you want to get your hands on Khaja, you will have to go to the traditional sweet shops, known as Mari Pasa:, hidden in the gallis and chowks of the valley. Balbaras on the other hand are found only in the Mari Pasa: of the ancient city of Patan. Some of the famous mari pasa: includes Shree Nanda Mithai Bhandar and Shree Ghansyam Mithai Bhandar, a few houses away from each other in the Ma:Modu Galli; the alley behind Krishna Mandir in Patan.

Similarly, Nanda Mithai Bhandar in Tichhu Galli is also famous for its jeri swari. In Kathmandu, Bhandas Mithai Pasa, also known as Shree Purna Ashok Bhandar in Maru Tole is one of the oldest ones. All of these Mari Pasa: belong to the families of Rajkarnikar, the traditional confectioner of the valley and are a few generations old.

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FOO D

Commonly Used Spices of Nepal N

epali culture is distinct and so is its food. Heavily influenced by the culinary culture of its big neighbors —India and China, and with the help of its own ethnic cuisines, Nepali food has made a mark on the global map of gastronomy. Here are some of the most commonly used spices in a Nepali kitchen that makes its food such a hit amongst everyone.

Garlic & Ginger: One of the most repeatedly used spice in any Nepali kitchen is garlic & ginger paste. From enhancing the taste of an otherwise regular daal (lentil soup) to adding a bang of flavors to any curry-based dish, garlic & ginger is essential to Nepali gastronomy. While garlic & ginger is often used as a paste, in some Nepali ethnic cultures, it is also served in julienne cuts. Ginger with its unique tanginess eliminates unwanted odor from fish and meat dishes, and the pungent flavor of garlic adds a punch of heat to any dish.

Recommended dish: Chicken Curry Timur: Sichuan peppercorn, locally known as timur, is a spice that is widely featured in most dishes across Asia, especially in the Sichuan

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province of China.The fresh, almost minty flavors of timur have a numbing effect that leaves the tongue stinging. This effect is the reason why the spices are not used in huge amounts. However, the spice is versatile and is smartly incorporated in curries and tomato pickles in Nepali kitchen. The taste is not overpowering, but enough to let its presence known and do its magic.

Recommended dish: Golbheda Achaar (Tomato Pickle) Jimbu: Jimbu, also known as jambu, jamboo, or jhikucha is an aromatic, dried herb which is native to the Himalayan region of Nepal. Similar to garlic and shallots in terms of its flavor, the herb is only used in its dry form when it has been reduced to thin strands. Although it is almost odorless by the time it reaches the market, its flavor and fragrance is resurrected when fried in hot oil. And it is strong!

Hence, usually only a small pinch of jimbu is used for an entire dish.

Recommended dish: Mustangi Dal (a kind of lentil soup that is native to Mustang) Methi: Methi or fenugreek is commonly used in its seed form, although its leafy version is also available. In its leafy form, methi is usually paired up with spinach, cutting the latter’s richness with its bitterness. As seed, methi retains its characteristic bitter taste. When used as a spice, a generous pinch is popped into hot oil in order to release its flavors. When combined with the right vegetables, spices and aromatics, it makes for a flavorful dish that has a subtle kick of bitterness, almost like dark caramel. It is also used as the star of the dish in Newari kitchen, where it takes a silky, smooth form that looks like a runny pudding. Though slightly bitter, the spices added to it do

all the magic to make for a palatable dish.

Recommended dish: Meekwa (Newari dish) Jwano: Popularly known as thyme seed, jwano is an herb that holds high medicinal values in Nepali kitchen.

Its peppery, bitter taste and minty, lemony hints contribute in making some wholesome dishes. It has high regards as one of the best sources of nutrients for a body. Jwano soup is given to postpartum mothers and also to those who are suffering from cold. As an herb, jwano is pan-fried without oil until golden-brown and added to piping-hot, ready-toserve dish.

Recommended dish: Kwati (nine-beans soup) Alainchi: If you ever felt like green cardamoms were not enough, let us introduce to its bold cousin —alainchi or black cardamom. Although belonging to the same family, alainchi has a warmer, spicier kick than the minty and menthol notes of a green cardamom. Usually roasted, it has a smoky flavor which does wonders to savory dishes. In Nepal, roasted alainchi is finely grounded and used along with other spices in various curries.

Recommended dish: Sekuwa (skewered BBQ) SarsyU: Sarsyu or mustard seeds is also referred to as tori.

Although mustard seeds are the main source of cooking oil in Nepal, the seeds have also been predominant in the Nepali kitchen for centuries. The seeds are finely or coarsely grounded to release an almost pungent and sharp aroma and flavor. Usually fried and used as a condiment in pickles and curries in Nepal, it delivers a nuttier taste and is known to eliminate foul odors in protein-starring dishes.

Recommended dish: Fish curry

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motorbike

Landscape Vistas of

Mt. Everest from the Motorbike

Bharatbandhu Thapa

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M

ount Everest – The tallest mountain in the world. There might only be a handful of people who would refrain themselves from the catching a glimpse of this awe-inspiring gift of nature.

The exclusive option for non-trekkers who aspire to descry the perfection of Everest is to go for a mountain flight. However, it would be skeptical to many if said that you can get a sight of Everest through conveyance medium too. But here’s a fact! It is possible to observe this majestic sight from the border between Okhaldhunga and Solukhumbu; Patale. Weather permitting, the view of Mount Everest along with a dozen ranges of Himalayas can be looked up to from Patale. However, distinction of these mountains with respect to the names seems a bit out of hand. This is because of the lack of notice boards

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motorbike and informative mediums regarding the names and details in Patale.

Promotions and advertisements are neglected aspects resulting in backlash of prospective tourism in the area. “No signs of concerns or appeal for promotion to the government has been noted from the locals of this area. Meanwhile, I believe if proper information channel is established for promotion and there are proper labels of Himalayas, there is a high scope of increasing tourism in Patale,� opined a resident of Dhulikhel, Ajay Shah. “I was

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The view of sun rising and smiling to Everest from Patale is so heartwarming

journey to Palate. The highway is another destination for internal tourism.

People who dwell in adventure, be it foreigner or Nepali have been travelling the Sindhuli highway as a casual escape out annually.

Ajay Shah recommends the best time to visit Patale is in the early morning. “The view of sun rising and smiling to Everest from Patale is so heartwarming.” The golden sparkling snow of the Himalayan ranges looks like they are thanking the

rays of the sun in honor. The valley brightens up to these golden lights of the mountains. “We reached a moment after the sunrise. Our friends explained the view and we realized what we missed” exclaimed Shah in bit disappointment. He assures that he will not miss the sunrise in his next visit. A place normally known for cool breezes can be taken as a escape out from burning heat in summer and to play with snow in the winters.

not aware of the view of Mt. Everest from the valley” he continued with surprise. “I shall visit again but with family this time” An eight-hour ride from one of the busiest local markets in Kathmandu i.e.

Koteshwor leads you to Patale. Koteshwar also facilitates local bus service to the destination. Patale is well equipped with food and accommodation facilities for tourists in the area. The landscape presentation from Sinduli highway is like the “icing the cake” to the gracious

Churchill Complex, Sundhara, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: 01-6210579, Fax: 01-4268107 email: pathibhara_2010@hotmail.com

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A C TIVITI E S

10 Adrenaline Boosting Activities in Nepal

F

or the spirited and courageous ones, it is all about feeling accomplished by overcoming the savagery imposed by nature. For those adventure seekers, there is no place better than Nepal for a raw and unadulterated adventure experience.

Nepal seems like an artist’s muse. The mighty mountains towards the north, breathtaking hills and rivers in its bosom and gracious plains in the south are landscapes of dreams. Nepal is blessed with mighty roaring rivers, eight of the world’s highest mountains and soul soothing flora and fauna enough for any adventure. Here are 10 of the most thrilling adventure sports for the brave souled to try in Nepal. l

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Parmita Shrestha

Mountaineering to the Himalayas There are around 1300 peaks in Nepal, of which, 326 are open to mountaineering. The mighty Mt. Everest is one of them. The mountain expedition requires a hefty lot of passion and dedication.

A person has to go through trainings and be certified before attempting. The challenging journey to the base and the mountain is not everyone’s cup of tea. But for those who even just reach the base will have achieved immeasurable contentment!

Trekking Nepal is well known around the world for trekking. The trails and routes lead you from green vegetation, waterfalls and sounds of chirping birds to places so serene and pristine that they mesmerize you. Trekking in Nepal is not just walking around with

your backpack but an exploration that promises you all the best nature has to offer. The numerous treks in Nepal have been categorized according to regions they fall in, the Everest and Annapurna Regions are the best and most popular due to the incomparable panoramic views they offer.

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A C TIVITI E S

Jungle safari Just like how the Himalayan region is famous for mountaineering, Nepal’s plains are popular for wildlife jungle safari. Nepal has 9 national parks, 3 wildlife reserves, 3 conservation areas and 1 hunting reserve in several ecological zones of the country.

The Jungle safari includes elephant ride safari, canoe rides, nature walks, birds watching excursions and quick tours around the villages to discover the unique culture and traditions of the local village people. Cultural entertainment performed by locals is yet another highlight of your wildlife jungle safari trip in Nepal.

Paragliding At times when life gives us tough situations, we wish we had a pair of wings so that we could fly away from everything to a place where it’s only us and the blue skies. Why not paraglide? Well, when in Nepal, you can have an amazing paragliding experience unparalleled to any other places. Pokhara is considered to be the best paragliding place in Nepal. It gives magnificent views of the Machhapuchhre above and pristine Phewa Lake below. It seems as though the world has stood still for you. The 15 minutes flight takes you about 300m above the ground, offering the best flying experience fenced by the mountains and cool breeze.

Mountain biking This sports is not for those who like cycling on smooth roads and favorable altitudes. Mountain biking as the name suggests requires you and your cycle to experience deadliest routes alongside enthralling views. As you pedal your way through the hills, you will get a chance to acquaint yourself with rural culture and lifestyles along with nature’s beauty.

Mountain biking is quite famous in Nepal among both domestic and international tourists. The bike journey usually starts off from Kathmandu and ends towards the Himalayas. Tournaments like MTB Cross country championship welcomes cyclists from around the world for an unparalleled cycling experience in the wild.

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M U SI C

Skydiving As insane as it sounds, this adventure calls for all the guts in the world as the experience of jumping out of a plane from a height you cannot think of is surreal. Skydiving, however soothing and easy the word sounds, the decision of doing it will require some major strength and will power.

Of course there are many places in the world for skydiving, but, why Nepal? The height that any man can stand on earth is in Nepal - Mt. Everest. Also known as ‘The Everest Skydive’, the world’s highest aerial commercial event is a free fall from 23000 ft into a space guarded by the Everest range. So, why not Nepal?

Bungee jumping and Swing

There is hardly a Nepali youngster who has not said, “I want to bungee jump before I die!” Bungee jumping is one of the most popular adventure sports of Nepal.

For the best bungee spot in Nepal, you need to drive three hours from Kathmandu towards the Tibetan border.

The bungee is a 160 meters drop from the bridge towards the roaring Bhote Koshi River. Surrounded by lush, you take the leap of faith for a lifelong memory.

Similarly, the swing from this bridge is regarded as the world’s highest swing giving you the adrenaline rush with your partner, the same experience you might have had on the first date. It is a free fall of 100m of 240 arch at 150 km/hr. speed.

Rock Climbing An adventure popular among youngsters, rock climbing is both fun and a strength boosting task. One has to be physically and mentally rock solid to be rock climber. Rock climbing spots are located among hills and beautiful waterfalls overlooking the grandeurs of forest. The best natural rock climbing spots are located in the northern region (the Himalayas) - which demand your utmost focus and dedication. However, as someone rightly quoted, “The best views come with the hardest climbs.”

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A C TIVITI E S

Whitewater Rafting As one of the countries abundant in water resources, Nepal is rich with fresh water bodies with rivers sourced by the Northern Himalayas.

Not every river in the world is suitable for rafting, but the

Zip lining Zip lining is a crazy yet entertaining adventure for the seekers of madness in life. This sport initially started as a means of transportation which developed into idea for a crazy adventure to some enthusiasts. The science was then used to fuel their adrenaline needs.

The Ziplining flight in Nepal is located at Pokhara. The flight is from a height of 2000 ft. at a speed of 100 miles per hour. It will take you to closer view of the Annapurna and Machhapuchhre range as you descend down the green hills and eventually to the lowlands.

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ones that are have the velocity and current in them are pretty dreamlike to water adventurers.

Nepal has rivers flowing with rapids, suitable for all levels of rafters. The Bhote Koshi and Trishuli are the major rivers popular among rafters for an

awakening rafting experience.

You not only raft in the river but have rich greenery and diverse landscape that tone down your adrenaline to a little extent by soothing your eyes.

M U SI C

Murchunga

A Unique Jaw Harp from Nepal

M

urchunga is a small wind percussion musical instrument that is played by the castes and creed of the people living in the mid-hill region of Nepal. It is made up of iron, copper, bronze, silver and even gold, with a flexible iron in the middle. The instrument is handmade by an ethnic group known as the Biswakarma. The Iron Murchunga is considered the best among the various kinds of Murchunga.

When it stands upright, the Murchunga resembles a Trishul (a trident held by Lord Shiva) and when it is laid flat, it resembles a Shiva Linga.

The outer shape of the instrument is known as the Argha and the centre part is called the Jibri. The end of the Jibri is slightly upright, and thus known as linga.

How to Play the Murchunga Murchunga is played using the mouth, teeth, tongue and finger. The oval part is held by the left hand and the straight part is held between the teeth and the linga is played with the right hand. As it is a wind percussion instrument, the breath of the user plays a significant role in the tuning of the instrument. Inhaling gives a pitch tune, while exhaling gives a soft tune. You can learn to play the Murchunga in a few hours.

Murchunga’s affordability and portability make it convenient for travellers to take it wherever they go. It is so small, that it can even fit in a pocket! The price of the instrument ranges from USD 1.8 to USD 4.5.

According to Ram Prasad Kandel, a musical instrument specialist from Nepali Lok Baja Museum, there are 16 types of Murchunga in Nepal. Eastern Nepal has a comparatively bigger Murchunga than western Nepal.

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C OV E R STORY

resplendent

rajbiraj A Journey Through History and Nature

From Rajbiraj, the headquarters of Saptari, you can easily visit Chinnamasta, Salhesh Garden, Koshi Tappu, Baraha Chhetra and Gaighat. These places can be visited within a time frame of 15 minutes to 3 hours ride from the Rajbiraj.

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The

city of Rajbiraj is less than a century old, but it is well equipped with infrastructures like bus parks, airport, hotels, hospitals and colleges. The Indian boarder lies at around 12 km from the main bazaar of Rajbiraj. Nepal's Revenue Office is located at Tilathi Check Point.

Rajbiraj is one of the first cities to have settlements made according to town planning. Hindus, Muslims and Jains live together in religious harmony in Rajbiraj. Rajdevi Temple is one of the famous monuments of Rajbiraj. Its name is believed to have been derived from Rajbiraj Temple. The priest of the temple is from the Tharu community. There are also temples of Durga, Bageshwori, Hanuman, Ramjanaki, Radhakrishna, etc. along with mosques and Jain temples.

While Rajbiraj is the headquarter of Saptari, it was previously Hanumannagar. Unfortunately, the flood of Saptakoshi River swept the land of Hanumannagar away, which prompted the shift of capital city. In 1996 B.S. Mr. Babar Shamsher, the Commander General of East Nepal and his assistant Mr. Prakash Shamsher Janga Bahadur Rana designed the model of the city and Rajbiraj was mapped accordingly.

Rajbiraj was officially the capital of Saptari in 1998 B.S. At that time, the city was designed on an area of 60 bighas with mapping done by

Mr. Dillijang Rana. It was only in 2016 B.S that Rajbiraj was announced as a municipality. By then, it was already popular destination as a business corridor of East Nepal.

Before Rajbiraj was a settlement area, it was a place where jackals roamed free, howling. It was a barren land, where no cultivation took place. Once people started residing at Rajbiraj, agriculture was important and now, Rajbiraj is known for cultivation of its rice, vegetables and mangoes. Every Monday and Thursday, there is a Haat Bazaar where people can buy and sell various stuff, including utensils and groceries.

Located 4 kilometers from the central market is the Rajbiraj Airport. The airport has a runway length of 1500 meters and a width of 30 m. The air distance of Kathmandu to Rajbiraj is 108 nautical miles. According to Mr Bhimdutta Panta, an Air Traffic Controller of the airport, flights can be conducted from sunrise to sunset.

Rajbiraj fulfills all the criteria to make it a touristic destination.

It is connected with roadways through the East West Highway and the airport has potential to conduct flights. Furthermore, it is located close to other beautiful destinations such as Chinnamasta, Salhesh Garden, Koshi Tappu, Baraha Chhettra and Gaighat.

Chinnamasta Chinnamasta is renowned as a place of enlightenment and powerhouse point. Located on its premises is the Sakhada Devi Temple, which is a wish fulfilling temple. Inside the temple is a statue of Goddess Sakhada Devi with the dead devil on her foot. Around the temple, you can find statues of Lord Ganesh, Â Panchmukhi Hanuman (5 Faced Hanuman), Panchamukhi Cobra, Shani, etc. There is also a Sanskrit School and Peace Pond. The temple is usually packed with devotees who come from all over

Buddha Air Begins Flights to Rajbiraj Despite being inaugurated in 1959, Rajbiraj Airport did not get daily flights due to the poor condition of its runway. Now that the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal has maintained and reconstructed a black topped runway, Buddha Air will be operating daily and direct flights between Kathmandu and Rajbiraj from after refueling facilities are available at Rajbiraj Airport. Â

Rajbiraj Airport

Rajdevi Temple

Nepal and India to pray to Sakhada Devi.

There are carnivals held during Dashain and Nepali New Year.

Even the late king of Nepal, King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah had visited Hanuman Temple

the temple in 1986. Other state leaders and religious preachers from India have also visited Chinnamasta. The temple was even the premises where various Vedic Yagyas of higher honors have been hosted. In 1989, 2003, 2004, 2017 and 2018 yagyas like Sadda Chandi Maha Yagya, Sahastra Chandi Maha Yagya, Shakti Mahayagya, Laxa Chandi Mahayagya and Dashmaha Bidhya and Saharudra Mahayagya have been held respectively.

The temple is surrounded by three types of Koshi River, two types of Tri-yuga and two types of rapid rivers along with religious sanctuaries, hotels and flower shops.

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C OV E R STORY

Chhinamasta Devi

Legends says that cave and pond were discovered by Shukradev Singh, an ancient king of Karnataka, India. When he found the cave, there were statues of various deities. As he worshipped the goddess, the statue was named Sukreshwari.

Later, due to linguistic ease, it changed to Shakhada Devi.

Hanuman Nagar, where “ The World’s One and Only Black Hanuman” is located Hanuman Nagar is the abode of a black statue of baby Hanuman with hands shown, as an indication of blessings.

The management committee

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of the temple promotes the statue and its location as, “ The World’s One and Only Black Hanuman.” It is located 11 km east to Rajbiraj and there are only a few places for lunch. Due to lack of hotels, visitors usually return to Rajbiraj to rest for the night.

The premises also has statues of Lord Shiva and Lord Ganesh. A carnival is held every year during Ram Nawami.

There will be large crowds of pilgrims every Tuesdays and Saturdays who come here from all over Nepal and India.

When their wishes have been fulfilled, people serve offerings to Hanuman. Govinda Mishra, the temple priest claims that a pilgrim had even served a large 50 kg laddu to Hanuman!

Salahesh Garden The garden lies near Lahan of Siraha district. On the premises of the garden is a temple of Honorable Kings and Queens of Salahesh. Locals believe that the wishes of devotees who pray with pure intentions get fulfilled. The temple is usually crowded with couples.

Salahesh Garden is located 38 km from Rajbiraj. You can also visit places like Rupani, Kalyanpur and Lahan along the way.

King Jayavardhan Salhesh was a welfare-inclined king at the Mithila zone during the 6th century. He is considered the protagonist of the state, as he is believed to have gotten rid of violence and hostility.

The Dusadh and Danuwar communities worship him as god because of his magnificent leadership during his reign. The Nepali New Year is celebrated with much pomp. There is a temple near the garden where animal sacrifices are made during the Nepali month of Baisakh.

Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve Koshi Tappu is famed for its Arna (Wild Buffalo), bird species, wild elephants and Tharu culture. As per the 2018 statistics, there are 441 arnas and 300 species of local birds. 200 of the 300 species are swan species.

There are a wide varieties of swans here due to its habitable environment.

Winter migratory birds fly from Siberia to stay at Koshi Tappu for a couple of months. You can also find fishes, butterflies, reptiles, blue cow, cheetahs, mugger crocodiles, etc.

There are even instances when wild elephants have paid an impromptu visit to the reserve. Among them, an elephant

named Koshi Makuna visits the reserve often as her calf Koshi Kali lives there.

For arna conveservation, 12 sq.km was reserved in 1970 which has now expanded to 175 sq.km.

The buffer zone of the reserve is 179 sq.km.

As a wildlife reserve, you can appreciate the wildlife by going for a jeep safari, jungle walk, elephant safari and canoeing.

There are resorts and hotels located in the reserve and the buffer zone. 95% of Nepalis who visit the reserve return the same day, while foreigners stay

for 2 to 4 days for leisure and research.

Owners of the homestays emphasize that people must be made aware of the wellfacilitated accommodations.

Community Homestays There are various homestays around Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve you can choose from. At Jamuwa, you can find Tharu Community Homestays and at Udayapur, you can find Tapeshwari Madhyavarti Community Homestay.

Both these homestays are managed by ‘Integrated Development Society Nepal.’ Contacts: Tapeshwari Chairman - Nandilal Chaudhary Mobile: 9814727931 Majuwa Chaiman - Vishnudev Chaudhari Mobile: 9814767615

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C OV E R STORY Baraha Chhettra People can travel by jeep around Koshi Tappu, Ramdhuni and Baraha Chhetra in a day. Baraha Chhettra has a huge significance among Hindus. There are 4 major dhams in  Hindu religion, which are Kurukshetra, Hari-Harshetra, Mukthishetra and Baraha Chhetra. Baraha is the third incarnation of Lord Vishnu. As it is a pilgrimage, people worship at the junction of the rivers Koka and Kaushiki.

At the shore of the river, there are temples dedicated to Shiva and Baraha.

Every year during the Nepali month of Shrawan, the holy water from Chatara is offered to Pindeshwari. It is the same

month when Lord Shiva is honored by a rally of pilgrims chanting Bol Bam! Despite its religious significance, this pilgrimage is in constant threat because the Koshi River floods the area. 7 km from Baraha, you can visit Chatara Dham and 24 km away from Baraha, you will reach Dharan Market.

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Gaighat Gaighat Valley is a major tourist destination in Udayapur. At the base of Mt. Chure, is Gaighat, a place inhabited by Tharus and Danuwars with the Triyuga River flowing through. Communities of Rais, Magars and Majhis also reside in Gaighat. Even the Udayapur Cement Factory has become somewhat of a tourist spot.

The splendid view of the Himalayas and the plain lands of the Terai are sights not to be missed. There are plans in progress to make a “Hill City” We have emphasized on indigenous communities’ culture & tradition Baldev Chaudhari, Mayor, Triyuga Municipality

along the shores of the Sunkhoshi River.

Major attractions around Gaighat are Dhaplang, Peacock Park, Shahi Mahal, Kakani Cave, Motihira, Labour Park, Giddha Gaya etc. There has been an increase in internal tourism to places like Dahar, Ranibas, Saunne and Rauta Pokhari. You can also travel to Haleshi Dham from Gaighat.

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47

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48

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Po/ nfOG;sf] uf8L u] 6df cfOk'u s ] f] lyof] . ;a} n ] z'e R] 5f;lxt pgnfO{ ljbf u/ ] . kfOn6sf] kf]z fsdf ;lhPsL k|ltef d'6e' / L pT;fx af] s /] xft xNnfpFb } 3/ af6 lgl: sOg\ . klxnf] p8fgdf pgL cToGt v';L lyOg\ . ;Fu;Fu } s] xL xb;Dd 8/ klg nflu/ x s ] f] lyof] . t/ ;fydf / x s ] f OG: 6S« 6/ kfOn6 k|km'Nn j} Bn] pgnfO{ 9f8; lbP . … 8/ fpg' kb}g {, ;a} s/' f la: tf/ } l;lsG5,Ú ^ jif{cl3 j} Bn] eg] sf zAb k|ltefsf] sfgdf cem} klg u'l~h/ xG5 . klxnf] p8fg kf] v/ fsf] lyof] . cfsfzaf6 b] lvPsf] ;'Gb/ gu/ L kf] v/ fsf] b[Zon] pgsf] ;f/ f 8/ ufoa agfOlbof] . pgn] r] s KjfOG6\;, l/ kf]l 6{ª KjfOG6\;h: tf k|fljlws s'/ f l;lsg\ .

Tof] lbg pgn] rf/ j6f p8fg eg'k{ g] {lyof] . kxf8b]l v t/ fO{;Ddsf If] q lyP . pgn] ToxL lbg kf] v/ f, wgu9L, rGb|u9L / hgsk'/ p8fgsf] cg'ej lnOg\ . rf/ j6f p8fgkl5 pgL ;fFem dfq 3/ kmls{Og\ . t/ pgL yfs] sL lyOgg\ . … of] t d] / f] ;kgfsf] ;'?jft dfq lyof] ,Ú pgL elG5g\, … ToxL ;kgfnfO{ clxn] klg lg/ Gt/ tf lbO/ xs ] L 5' .Ú pgnfO{ nfU5, cem} y'k }| v'8l\ snfx¿ plSng afFsL 5g\ . To;f] elg/ xbF f pgsf] cf] 7df c7f] 6sf] d': sfg emlNs/ x s ] f] lyof] .

49

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50

ef/ t, l;+ufk'/ yfONof08sf c: ktfnsf] pkrf/ af6 ;d] t ;~rf] gePkl5 kTgL ;LtfnfO{ lnP/ k|r08 s'08df : gfg ug{ k'u s ] f x'g \ . k|r08;“u } kTgL g} gsnfnfO{ lnP/ k'u s ] f u[xdGqL / fdaxfb'/ yfkfn] klg s'08df : gfg u/ k] l5 tftf] kfgLsf] rrf{ PsfPs r'lnof] . k|r08 / afbnsf] kl/ jf/ n ] s'08df tLg lbg;Dd : gfg u/ s ] f lyP . s'08df xfn;Dd g] skfsf al/ i7 g] tf Pjd\ k"j{ k|wfgdGqL emngfy vnfg, g] skfsf g] tf Pj+ / IffdGqL OZj/ kf] v n ]| , g] skf qmflGtsf/ L dfcf] jfbLsf pkfWoIf l;kL uh'/ n ] , g] skf g] tf Pjd\ lzIffdGqL lu/ L/ fhd0fL kf] v n ]| , k'/ fgf g] tf e/ tdf] xg clwsf/ L, / fk|kf k|hftflGqssf g] tf ljqmd kf08] nufot dflyNnf] : t/ sf g] tfx¿ cfP/ : gfg ug] { u/ s ] f] s'08 Joj: yfkg ;ldltn] hfgsf/ L lbPsf] 5 . nfdf] ;do;Dd laleGg c: ktfndf wfP/ klg k'/ } lgsf] gePsf Uof: 6Ls, afy, ;8\s s ] f] , ds]s { f] b'aL tyf 5fnf;DalGw / f u] sf la/ fdL s'08df k'Ug] u/ s ] f 5g\ . g;f, 9f8 b'Vg] , 5fnf, ;'lGgPsf] , alh|Psf] , dls{Psf] ;d: ofnfO{ tftf] kfgL pkrf/ n ] lgsf] agfpg] lj/ fdLsf] cg'ej 5 . To;sf nflu sf] xL Ps ;ftf, sf] xL kGw| lbg t sf] xL dlxgf lbg;Dd s'08 If] qd} a;] / lbglbg} 8'aN' sL df5{g \ .

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51

;DaGw wflbª, l;Gw'kfNrf] s, lrtjg, sf7df8f}n + ufotsf lhNnfx¿af6 dflg; k'U5g\ . g'xfpg ^ j6f 9Ë] wf/ f 5g\ . g'xfO;s] kl5 n'uf km] g {] 3/ agfOPsf] 5 .

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52

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kfndf wfld{s, ;f+: s[lts tyf P] ltxfl;s ?kdf d] nf, hfqf / xf6ahf/ nfUg] rng k'/ fg} xf] . ;'b/' k"j{ tfKn] hª ' sf] tdf] / gbL / ldSjfvf] nfsf] bf] efg dxfb] j6f/ df nfUg] k'if] d] nf / f r] s x'G5 . x/ s ] jif{ k'if ! b] lv % ut] ;Dd d] nf nfU5 . d] nfdf 6f9f 6f9fsf cfkmGtaLr e] 63f6 x'gs ' f ;fy} lsg] dn;d] t ug{ ;xh x'G5 . d] nfdf ljleGg ;f+: sl[ t sfo{qmdsf ;fy} gfrufg ul/ G5 . lnDa"hfltsf] jfx'Notf / x s ] f] of] If] qdf df} lns g[To wfg gfr, Rofa|ª ' gfr x] g{ / / dfpg ;lsG5 . ;fydf tf] ªj\ f, ofªj] gh: tf : yfgLo vfgfsf] : jfb lng ;lsG5 . / ftlbg nfUg] d] nfdf wfg gfRg] x¿sf] ljz] if dxTj / / dfOnf] x'G5 . Ps

cfk;df xft ;dfP/ j[Q cfsf/ df gflrg] gfrdf lnDa"hfltsf] efiffdf kfnd jf h'xf/ Lsf ;fy 3'Dg] ul/ G5 eg] ;f] N6f ;f] N6LgL jf cGo klg gfRg] rng 5 . ;fy} d] nfd} wfg gfRb} lax] ug] { rng klg 5 . kl5NNff] ;do o;/ L ljjfx ug] { rngdf sdL cfPsf] 5 . k'ifsf] hf8f] eP klg gbL lsgf/ fdf d] nf nfUg] ePsfn] To: tf] hf8f] sf] dx;'; x'bF g} . k/ fn jf sf] bf] sf] gnn] afl/ Psf] 6x/ fdf ;f] N6LgL;Fu a;] / tDff] / gbLsf df5f, ;'Gtnf, pv', ;Fu' /' sf] df;', tf] ª \jf : jfb ln+bf jf: tjd} d] nfsf] / Gsf] cfpF5 . gbL bf] efgdf k"hf / : gfg ugf{n] k'0o x'g ,] ofª\dfg] kf6L, dxfb] j dlGb/ nufot wfld{s tyf P] ltxfl;s : yfgx¿sf] klg e|d0f ug{ ;lsG5 . emfkfsf] eb|k/' b l] v ljtf{df] 8, Onfd, lkmlbd x'bF } tfKn] hª ' tdf] / bf] efg sl/ j @$@ lsld, df] 6/ af6f] af6 k'Ug ;lsG5 eg] lj/ f6gu/ , w/ fg, wgs'6f, j;Gtk'/ ;Dd kSsL df] 6/ af6f] -() lsld_ 5 . To; kl5 j;Gtk'/ af6 u'kmfkf] v/ L x'bF } tDff] / bf] efg;Dd sRRfL df] 6/ af6f] af6 ;lsG5 . zAb tyf tl: a/ M xs{/ fh u'?ª

53

p8fg cg'ej

Kn]g r9\bfsf /dfOnf cg'ej

elg/xg'gknf{, hLGbuL cg'ejx?sf] ;Fufnf] xf] . s] xL cg'ejx? ;fFRr} clj:d/0fLo x'G5g\ . tL hlt k'/fgf ePklg xfd|f] dfg;k6ndf slxNo} ge'Ng]u/L a;]sf x'G5g\ . oxfF ljleGg If]qsf s]xL ;]lnla|6Lx?n] Kn]g r9\g] qmddf ef]us ] f /dfOnf cg'ej xfdL;Fu afF8s ] f 5g\ M

vfpF ls gvfpF bf] wf/ df k/ F] lcfFrn

zdf{, cleg] qL

r9\g t d} n ] ;fgf] d } Kn] g r9] sf] xf] t/ dx;'; u/ s ] f] rfFxL 7"nf] ePkl5 g} xf] . d] / f ] kl/ jf/ sf7df8f}d + } ePsfn] Tolt Kn] g ofqf ug'k{ y]g { . t/ ha d lkmNd If] qdf nfu], F To;kl5rfFxL ofqf ug{ yflnof] . 7"nf] ePkl5 lkmNd clegos} qmddf d OlG8of hfFbf Kn] g r9]s f] lyPF .

Tolta] nf 6fOd6fOddf l;6d} vfg] s/' f cfpYof] . vfhf vfg] < eg] / ;f] Wy] . drfFxL vfp ls gvfp eg] / bf] wf/ df ky] { . vfp eg] slt k} ;f kg]{ xf] , gvfp eg] vfpvfp nfUg] Û -xfF: b_ } . Psbd} bf] wf/ df k/ s ] f] lyPF . c? s;} n ] gfO{ eg] sf] ;'g s ] f] lyOgF . To;} n ] klg dnfO{ gfO{ eGg ufx|f ] ePsf] lyof] . l;6a] N6sf] cg'ej klg / dfOnf] 5 . cuf8L dfOlsªaf6 l;6 a] N6 afFWg] ;'rgf cfpF5 . t/ dnfO{ gofFgofFdf Psbd} ufx|f ] ePsf] lyof] . Psb'O{ k6s Kn] g s} dfG5] n ] l;6a] N6 af“lwlbPsf lyP .

54

&% ?k} ofFdf Kn] g r9] “ lrGb|k; | fb

9sfn, cWoIf, rGb|flu/ L lxN;

)$) ;fnlt/ sf] s'/ f, ;fg} lyPF . afUn'ªaf6 kf] v/ f cfpg' kg] { lyof] . afUn'ªaf6 Pp6f ;fgf] 6'Og] 6/ h: tf] Kn] g kf] v/ f cfphfp uYof] { . hDdf &% ?k} of lt/ /] klxnf] kN6 afUn'ªaf6 kf] v/ f;Dd Kn] g r9] / cfPsf] lyPF . Tolta] nfsf] sl/ a %,& ldg] 6sf] cjlwdf Kn] g kf] v/ f cfOk'u s ] f] lyof] . klxnf] kN6 Kng] r9\bf dgdf stf–stf a] Un} v'zL 5fPsf] lyof] . clncln 8/ klg nfu] sf] lyof] . Kn] gleq k: g l] jlQs} ca of] s;/ L p8\5 xf] nf, s;/ L Nof08 u5{ xf] nf eGg] nfu] sf] lyof] . dgdf Psk|sf/ sf] qf; lyof] . ;a} eGbf a9L 8/ Kn] g p8\bf / NofG8 ug] { a] nfdf ePsf] lyof] . v'zL klg lyPF lsgeg] Kn] g r9\gf;fy kmnfgf] sf] 5f] /f n] Kn] g r9\of] eg] / ufpFe/ xNnf x'GYof] . a] Un} zfg x'GYof] . csf] l{ t/ Kn] g emof] { eg] s;/ L afFRg] eGg] qf; klg p: t} lyof] . Kn] gdf r9] kl5 dfG5] ;fgf b] lvG5g\ eGg] ;'g s ] f] lyP . t/ Kng] sf] ‰ofnaf6 aflx/ x'5'{ eGbf eGb} Kn] g Nof08 eOxfNof] d}n] Tof] dhf lng rfxL kfOgF . kl5 kl5 t afgL kof] { / jf: t } x'g 5f8\of] . dnfO{ clxn] klg Kn] g p8\g ] / NofG8 x'g ] a] nfdf 8/ nfU5 . ;'?;'?df l;6 a] N6 afFWg ghfg] / Po/ xf] : 6 h ] x¿n] afFlwlbPsf] cem} ;lDemG5' . dnfO{ t klxnf] kN6 Kn] g r9] sf] cg'ej clxn] t cfkm}n + fO{ syf h: tf] nfU5 .

r/fem}+ pl8of] lljZjk|sfz

zdf{, k|jQmf, g]kfnL sf+u; ]|

ldhfl;nf Po/ xf] : 6 h ] d klxnf] k6s @)%( ;fndf t'lNdª6f/ af6 lj/ f6gu/ hfg g] kfn Po/ nfOG;sf] hxfh r9] sf] lyPF . ;+vj' f;efsf] t'lDnª6f/ ljdfg: ynaf6 lj/ f6gu/ sf] 5f] 6f] ofqf lyof] . klxnf] k6s r9\b} ubf{ r9\gc ' ufl8 8/ dx;'; eof] . pd] zh+u / fodfemL, lbg] z lqkf7L -;jf{ R] r cbfntdf x'gx' G' 5– jl/ i7 clwjQmf_ ;fyL lyP . xfdLx¿ t]x y| d' / ;+vj' f;efsf] e|d0faf6 kmls{b+ } lyof}. + lhGbuLdf klxnf] k6s r9\g nfUbf 8/ eO/ x s ] f] lyof] . r9] / p8\g ] ljlts} t s] xL 8/ nfu] g . a? To;kl5 b'O{ tLg j6f p8fgdf 8/ nfUof] . t/ klxnf] k6ssf] df r9\gc ' l3 8/ / cfsfzdf p8] kl5 cfgGb nfUof] . rl9;s] kl5 8/ ePg. / dfOnf] cj: d/ 0fLo kf] v/ faf6 d': tfªsf] hf] d;f] d hfFb } ubf{ k'/ } xNnfpFbf] / x 5 ] . klxnf dnfO{ xNnfpF5 eGg] yfxf lyPg . xfdL @)%! ;fndf xfdL hfFbf xNsf xNnfPkl5 cufl8 k6\6L l;6df / x s ] f efO{alxgLx¿nfO{ Tolts} lh: sfpg] lx;fan] k5f8Laf6 d / ;fyL wg/ fh u'?ª -sf+u ; ]| s] Gb|Lo ;b: o_ n] ;fx| } xNnfpF5, w] / } xNnfPkl5 k5f5{ o;n] eg] / Tolts} 76\6f u¥of} + . w] / } xNnfof] eg] k5f5{ xf] nf, xNnfPg eg] k'¥ofpF5 eGof} + . e/ ] t eOlbof] s] eg] w] / } xNnfof] . ToxfF xfjfsf] rfk w] / } x'bF f] / x 5 ] . ljxfgsf] ;dodf dfq p8fg x'g ] . ;fFRr} o: tf] xNnfof] xfdLn] cg'ejn] hfg] / } eg] sf] ;f] r /] cufl8sf ofq' 8/ fP . xfdLnfO{ klg 8/ nfUof] . klxnf] e|d0fdf 7\ofSs} l;6 a] N6 afWg hflgPg . ljdfg kl/rf/Lsfn] g} afFlwlbPsf] xf] . To;sf p8fgdf eg] afWg cfof] . ?jfdf eg] rsn] 6 sfgdf / ?jf d'vdf h: tf] ePg . sfgdf rsn] 6 xfNg] / d'v ?jf xfNg] b[Zo b] vfOPsf] lyof] .

To: tf] rfFxL ePg . ;du|df klxnf] p8fgdf r9\bfv] / L 8/ nfu] sf] lyof] . a: gc ' l3 / a: bfv] / L 8/ nfu] sf] lyof] . t/ ha hldg 5f] 8 /] hxfh cfsfzdf ;/ / / uPkl5 r/ fem} + p8]h: tf] cg'el" t eof] .

lsfd] Zj/

rf} / l;of, snfsf/

clegodf nflu;s] kl5 g} xf] d} n ] Kn] g ofqf u/ s ] f] . b'O{ jif{cl3dfq} u/ s ] f] e} / xjfaf6 sf7df8f}; F + Ddsf] ofqf u/ s ] f] lyPF . a'4 Po/ af6 u/ s ] f] klxnf] ofqf g} d] / f ] ;a} eGbf ofbuf/ 5 . … ;f9] ;ftÚ gfds lkmNdsf] ;'l6ª eO/ x s ] f] lyof] . ;'l6ª ;s] / sf7df8f} +kms{bf dnfO{ g} ;f9] ;ftsf] bzf nfUof] . klxnf]k N6 Kn]g r9\b 5 } ' eg] / olt pT;flxt eP5' ls Po/ kf]6 { k'Ubf gful/ stf nfg} e'n5

] '. !@ ah] sf] l6s6 lyof] . Kn] g 6] sckm x'g yfln;s] sf] lyof] . d Po/ kf] 6l{ eq k;] kl5 af] l8{ªkf; lng] a n ] fdf … cfO8L vf] OÚ{ eGbf kf] em: ofª\u ePF . d snfsf/ xf] eg] / lrgfP klg . pxfFx¿n] lrGg'klg eof] . t/ ljgf cfO8L l5/ fpg ldNb} g eGg'eof] . To;kl5 !@ ah]s f] km\NofO6 SoflG;n u/ ] . cfO8L NofP/ km]l / ! ah] sf] p8] F . ca Kn] g p8] kl5sf] s'/ f u/ f F} . Kn] g p8\g } Kn] g p8\g } nfUbf dnfO{ nfUbf dnfO{ klxnf] kN6 / S;L vfP/ e'Od{ f v'§f g6] lsPsf] h: t } cgf} 7f] dx;'; ePsf] lyof] . klxnf] kN6 / S;L vfP/ e'Od+{ f v'§f g6] lsPsf] h: t} em\ ofnlt/ a;]s f] lyPF . afbnx¿ x]b f{, hldgx¿ x] bf{ a] Un} ;+;f/ df k'u s ] f] cg'et' ePsf] lyof] . of] k[YjLsf] cgf} 7f] dx;'; ePsf] ;[i6Lstf{nfO{ ;] No'6 u/ fu “} / f F} lkmn ePsf] lyof] . !@ lyof] . Kn] gaf6 emg] { xhf/ lkm6dflyaf6 x]b f{ d'lg x] bf{ k[YjL agfpg] eujfg ;a} eGbf 7"nf] snfsf/ h: tf] lkmn efsf] lyof] . Kn] g a] nfdf Po/ xf] : 6 h ] alxgLn] gd: sf/ ub} { km] l/ r9] kl5 dnfO{ PsfPs / s 6] r9\g ] OR5f klg hfu] sf] cfpg'xf] nf eg] sf] d clxn] 5 . Kn] gdf e] l6Psf a'Wb Po/ sf ljdfg kl/rf/LsfnfO{ klg lal;{lbg . v'a / dfOnf] d slxNo} e'lNbgF . pxfFx¿sf] zflng Jojxf/ n ] dnfO{ v'a nf]E ofPsf] lyof] . zfGt / zflng x'gx' G' Yof] . nfu] sf] lyof] . kfgL, rsn] 6 ;a} v'jfpg'eof] . Kn] gaf6 emg] { a] nfdf kl/rf/Lsf alxgLn] gd: sf/ ub} { km] l/ cfpg'xf] nf eg] sf] d clxn] klg lal;{lbg . v'a / dfOnf] nfu] sf] lyof] .

To;} n ] xf]n f d k|foM g] kfnleq a'4 Po/ g } rl9/ fsf] x'G5 . lsg xf] lsg dnfO oxfF ;]k m lkmn x'G5 . kl/rf/Lsf alxgLx¿ klg ldhfl;nf nfU5g\ . d}n ] clxn] ;Dd r9] sf kl/rf/Lsf alxgLx¿sf] ;asf] km]; dnfO{ ofb 5 . pxfFx¿nfO{ Go"/f 8 ] , a;Gtk'/ lt/ b] v F] eg] klg d 7Dofpg ;S5' .

55

Oltxf;

dsjfgk'/u9L

56

lg

nf] cfsfz d'lg xl/ of 8fF8f . Pp6f 8fF8fsf] yfKnf] df b/ af/ sf] eUgfaz] if . x] 6f}8 + f glhs} sf] dsjfgk'/ u9LnfO{ kvf{nn] 3] l/ Psf] 5 . To;sf] aLrdf b/ af/ / u9Lsf eUgfjz] if 5g\ . k|j z ] åf/ sf] leq j+z uf] kfnsf] dlGb/ 5 .

Oltxf;sf vf] tng] xf] eg] Ps ;do dsjfgk'/ : jtGq / fHo lyof] . To;sf] / fhwfgL dsjfgk'/ u9L . ToxfF O;+ !@%* lt/ } / fhf d'sG' b ;]g n] u9L agfpg nufPsf lyP . kl5 d'sG' b ;] g låtLosf 5f] / f nf] xfª ;] g dsjfgk'/ sf / fhf ag] . u9LnfO{ / fhwfgL agfP/ ;] g j+zsf ;ft k': tfn] zf;g u/ s ] f lyP . dsjfgk'/ sf clGtd / fhf lbUaGwg ;] g x'g \ . pgnfO{ g] kfn PsLs/ 0f gfos k[YjLgf/ fo0f zfxn] k/ flht u/ s ] f x'g \ . k[YjLgf/ fo0fsf] kmf} hn] @! cu: 6 !&^@ df u9Ldf cfqmd0f u¥of] . cfkm\gf ;] gf wdfwd dfl/ g yfn] kl5 / fhf lbUaGwg cflQP . pgL efu] / xl/ x/ k/' u9Ltkm{ nfu] . uf] vf{nL kmf} hn] cS6'a/ $ sf lbg xl/ x/ k/' u9L klg cfqmd0f u/ L lhTof] . ca s'/ f u/ f, +} ToxfFsf] j+z uf] kfn dlGb/ sf] . dlGb/ leq s[i0fnfO{ kmnfd] ;fª\ nf] n ] afFw /] / flvPsf] 5 . To;af/ ] cgf} 7f] ls+jbGtL 5 . eP5 s] eg] eQmhgn] Ps ljxfg eujfgsf] kfpe/ L tf] / Lsf km"n 6fFl;Psf] b] v ] . k'hf/ L ;z+lst eP . pgn] lrof] rrf] {

u/ ] . eujfg\ s[i0f ToxfFaf6 / flt aflx/ hfg] / laxfgdfq} kms{g ] ubf{ / x 5 ] g\ . To;} n ] eujfg\ dlGb/ 5f8] / hfFbf clgi6 cfOknf{ eg] / pgnfO{ ufpFn n ] ] afFw /] / fv] Û dlGb/ d'lGt/ u'kmf 5 . ToxL u'kmfaf6 s[i0f cf] xf] / bf] xf] / uy] { . ltgtfsf lrtjgdf tf] / L v] tL x'GYof] . pgL ToxfF;Dd k'u /] cfpFy ] . xfnnfO{ u9L d'lGt/ ;fdfGo vfhf k;n 5g\ . To; If] qdf xf] d: 6 s ] f] k|r/' ;Defjgf b] lvG5 . u9L d'lGt/ x] 6f}8 + f ahf/ df bh{gf} + xf] 6n tyf nh 5g\ . dsjfgk'/ u9L pTvgg\ e} ;s] sf] 5} g . o;sf] pTvgg u/ L Oltxf; cWoog

s] Gb|sf ?kdf ljsf; ug{ h?/ L b] lvG5 . b/ af/ nfO{ k'/ fg} : j?kdf k'glgdf{0f u/ /] ToxfF xf]6 n tyf l/ ;f]6 { agfP ko{6gwfd aGg a]/ nfUb} g . ofqf ubf{ agfpFbf dsjfgk'/ u9L, x] 6f}8 + f ahf/ / u'Daf8fF8f 3'Dg] u/ L of] hgf agfpg' k5{ . x] 6f}8 + fsf] a'4rf] saf6 !& lslddf cjl: yt u'Daf8fF8fdf 9'u+ 9} u+' fsf] d"lt{ au}r + f 5 . x] 6f}8 + f ahf/ df / x s ] f ;lxb : df/ s, s': df08 ;/ f j] / nufot ;Dkbf 3'Dg nfos 5g\ . b'O{ lbg 5'§ofP ;a}l t/ 3'Dg EofOG5 .

3'dlkm/ af6 kms{b+ f ahf/ af6 x: tsnfsf ;fydf r'Rr] vf] nfsf] v'jf Nofpg la;{g' x'bF g} . a'4rf] saf6 &=% lsld b'/ Lsf] r'Rr] vf] nfdf v'jf 3f] l6/ x s ] f] b[Zo b] lvG5 . r'nf] df bfp/ f afn] / s/ fOdf b'w 3f] 6 /] agfO{g ] v'jf : jflbnf] x'G5 .

ToxfF y'k }| 5g\ v'jf k;n . s;/ L k'Ug] M sf7df8f}s + f] aNv'af6 s'n v ] fgL x'bF } x] 6f}8+ f;Dd *) lsld hLkdf . aNv'df hLk kfOG5 . hLkdf $ 3G6f . x] 6f}8 + faf6 !& lslddf u9L . x] 6f}8 + faf6 lxF8 /] hfFbf $ 3G6f . a;df $% ldg]6 .

57

vfglkg

/ y} fg] vfhf 3/ n

lntk'/ sf] d+unahf/ af6 ;'Gwf/ f x'bF } ;f} un 6f] ndf k'u d] f ToxLF e] l6G5 … / y} fg] vfhf 3/ Ú . p;n] d] gd' f k/ Dk/ fut kl/ sf/ k: s/ ] g] kfnL vfgf k|j4{g ub} {cfPsf] 5 . g] kfnL vfgf eg] sf] bfneft / l9+8f] dfq} xf] Og, ;a} cflbjf;L / hfthfltsf cf–cfkm\g} kl/ sf/ 5g\ . lt plQs} : jflbnf / kf] if0fo'Qm 5g\ . / fd|f ] 9+un] kl: sg ;s] ltgn] ahf/ kfpF5g\ eGg] pbfx/ 0f b] vfPsf 5g\ k|zfGt vgfn, h] zg zfx / Dofl6N8 n] km] a n ]| ] . pgLx¿sf] d] gd' f / f :] 6 8] km;L{ / kmfk/ sf] ;nfb, ysfnL kl/ sf/ sGr] Dkf] , sfu'gf] sf] lv/ , z] kf{ vfgf l/ lss'/ , lxdfnL ;ft' rDkf, ;f/ u D] af -cfGb|fdf / ut e/ /] agfOg] ;;] h_, a6's / r'sf} gL, lnDa' kl/ sf/ rfd| –] ofªa] g– kmfS;f, sf] bf] / kmfk/ sf] Kofgs] s, 7] sj' f, g'g lrof, h'DnL df;L{ / l;dLsf] / f n ] nufot kl/ sf/ 5g\ .

k'/ fgf] g] jf/ 3/ nfO{ lrl/ RofF§ kf/ /] vfhf3/ agfOPsf] xf] . @) ;] K6] Da/ , @)!* b] lv ;~rfngdf cfPsf] vfhf3/ sf] cfFugdf * hgf / dflyNnf] tnfdf !^ hgf a;] / vfglkg ug{ ;S5g\ . / y} fg] df vfgf vfg] dfq} sfd x'bF g} , vfgfsf]

58

ljifodf ulkmg] cj;/ ;d] t ldN5 . lbuf] s[lif / kmfld{ªsf of] hgf agfOG5 . vfhf3/ n] a] nfa] nfdf … sf7df8f} + km'8 sg] S;gÚ ;~rfng u5{ . o;df p;n] l;hg cg';f/ slxn] of] d/ L rvfpF5, slxn] SjfF6L v'jfpF5 t slxn] yf? kl/ sf/ . p;n] g] kfnL kl/ sf/ dfq} xf] Og, k| m] Gr kl/ sf/ ;d]t v'jfpF5 . o;sf ^) k|ltzt u|fxs g] kfnL x'g\ eg] afFsL ljb] zL . Psk6s cfpg] u|fxs bf] xf] ¥ofP/ cfpg] u/ s ] f] cg'ej 5 vgfn;Fu .

;Dks{ M / y} fg] vfhf 3/ ;f} un 6f] n, nlntk'/ kmf] g M (*$#@$!$()

vfglkg

xf

dL g] kfnLsf] efG5fdf crf/ aG5 . s'g} tft} vfOxfNg' kg] {vfnsf x'G5g\ t s'g } nfdf] ;do;Dd / fv] / vfg ldNg] . crf/ n ] vfgf : jflbnf] agfpF5 . : jfb klg s'g } u'lnof] , s'g } cldnf] , s'g } lk/ f ,] s'g } 6/ f {] cflb x'G5 . lxdfn, kxf8 / t/ fO{df km/ skm/ s 9+un] crf/ agfOG5 . hfltotfsf] km"naf/ L g] kfndf hfthfltn] cf–cfkm\g } lsl;dn] crf/ agfpF5g\ . dfqf ldnfP/ vfg ;s] crf/ n ] kfrg k|lqmofdf ;xof] u k'¥ofpF5 lsgls To;df h8La'6L -d;nf_ k|of] u ul/ G5 . ;do;Fu } xfd|f sltko k/ Dk/ fut crf/ nf] k x'bF 5 } g\ . To;} n ] nlntk'/ sf] emlD;v] nl: yt … crf/ 3/ Ú gfds / i] 6'/F fn] k/ Dk/ fut crf/ k|j4{g ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . p;n] 8] 9 bh{g lsl;dsf crf/ pTkfbg u5{ . ToxfF crf/ dfq} kfOg] xf] Og, g] kfnL kl/ sf/ klg kfS5 . p;n] u|fxsn] c8{/ u/ s ] f kl/ sf/ ;uF } bz lsl;dsf crf/ 6]a n ' df / flvlbG5 . u|fxsn] ?lr cg';f/ af] tnaf6 crf/ lems] / vfg ;S5g\ . crf/ sf] 5'§ } k} ;f kb}g { .

crf/

6\jfSs 6'Ss st'/{ fh kf08] n ] ;g\ @)!& k|m a] c ' / Lb] lv ;~rfndf NofPsf] crf/ 3/ df g] kfnLn] dg k/ fpg] 6\jfSs6'Ss : jfb kfOG5 . ToxfF bfneft, cfn'rk, 5f] onf d: of} / f, l6Da'/ ;lxt tf/ s ] f] cfn', t¿jf, vl;sf] e'6j' f, kmfk/ sf] ksf} 8f, kfgL / f 6] L, e'6 s ] f] eft, / f 6] L, s;f}8 + Ldf ksfPsf] df;'nufot

kl/ sf/ kfS5 . ;fydf dlb/ f klg . crf/ 3/ sf] ;DaGw … xh'/ L vfB pBf] uÚ ;uF 5 . kf08] sL ;f;' xh'/ L lai6n] c9fO{ bzs cl3 ;'? u/ s ] f] pBf] un] gj/ ; a|f08sf crf/ , SjfF6L, u'Gb|s ' , km'?gbfgf / nK;L Sof08L pTkfbg ub} {cfPsf] 5 . ltg} ;f;' cfdfaf6 k|efljt eP/ kf08] n ] crf/ 3/ rnfPsf x'g \ . crf/ 3/ df Ps} k6s &) hgf a;] / vfglkg ug{ ;S5g\ . / i] 6'/F f laxfg !!M#) ah] b l] v ;fFem !) ah] ;Dd v'N5 . ToxfF !$ hgf / f h ] uf/ 5g\ .

;Dks{ crf/ 3/ emlD;v]n, nlntk'/[ kmf]g M )!–%%$!(%@

59

a8{ jflrª

lr/la/ Û lr/la/ Û ;+

;f/ sf ;a} k|f0fLsf] ;femf 3/ –k[YjL . r/ f klg k|sl[ ts} ;'Gb/ ;[hgf x'g \ . s'g } ;fgf, s'g } l7Sssf / s'g } ch+usf . Osf] l;: 6dsf cleGg c+u dflgG5g\ r/ fx¿ . ;'Gb/ x'G5g\ r/ f . b] Vb} dgdf cfgGb ldN5 . x]l / / xF' em}+ nfU5 . pgLx¿sf] af;: yfg, cflgafgL / hLjg ;+3if{ a'‰g ;s] w] / } 1fg kfOG5 . ltg} r/ fsf] ] cWoog ug{ ljb] zL g] kfn cfpF5g\ . lxdfn, kxf8 / t/ fO{ ;a} lt/ / u+ lj/ u+ sf r/ f kfOG5 . … a8{ jflrª 6'l/ hdÚ sf lx;fan] ljz]i ft M sf7df8f}, + lrtjg, alb{of, sf] zL6Kk', z'SnfkmfF6f, nfª6fª, dsfn'a¿0f, kf] v/ f, dfO{ EofnLnufot 7fpF pko'Qm 5g\ . g] kfndf * ;o *^ k|hftLsf r/ f kfOG5g\ . sfF8 ] Eofs'/ g] kfnsf] / y} fg] r/ f xf] of] xfd|f d] f dfq} kfOG5 . sf7df8f}s + f] k"jL{ e] slt/ dgUo e] l6G5g\ sfF8 ] Eofs'/ . sf7df8f} +vfN8f] df dfq} $ ;o k|hfltsf r/ f e] l6G5g\ . ;+s6df k/ s ] f ! ;o #) k|hflt dWo] ^ y/ L sf7df8f}d + f a: 5g\ . sf7df8f}d + f kfOg] s'l6of, g] kfn lktf, a~rx/ , sfF8 ] Eof"s/ , gLnf] KjfFv ] tf] / LufF8f / ;] tf] s07] lrlrnsf7] r/ fsf] ljz] if dxTj 5 . sf7df8f}s + f km"nrf] sL, lzjk'/ L, gfufh'g{ , uf] s0f{, ;'Gb/ Lhn, 6f} bx, kmlk{ª / ;fFv' If] q a8{ aflrª 8] li6g] zg x'g \ .

60

r / fr'¿u+ L b] Vbf dgsf] lk/ d] l6G5 . cfkm\gf] kl/ jf/ nfO{ cufw dfof ug] { ltgsf] u'0f cg's/ l0fo 5 . Tolt dfq} xf] Og, r/ fnfO{ kmf] x/ dg kb}g { , jl/ kl/ kmf] x/ ePdf pm a;fOF ;5{ .

cS6f] a/ b l] v d] dlxgf;Dd r/ f x] g{ pko'Qm x'G5 . hf8f] ofddf ltAat, o'/ f k] , d+uf] lnof / ;fOa] l/ ofb] lv a;fO{+ ;/ /] sf7df8f} + pkTosfsf] 6f} bxdf r/ f cfpF5g\ . 8] 9 ;o k|hfltsf eGbf a9L r/ f cfpg] cg';Gwfgdf b] lvPsf] 5 . r/ fsf] ?k / u+ dfq} xf] Og, cfjfh klg dgdf] xs x'G5 . s'g } l6/ l6/ u5{g, s'g } lr/ la/ u5{g\ clg s'g } r'rF F' . r/ faf6 w] / } s'/ f l;Sg ;lsG5 . cfkm\ gf] kl/ jf/ nfO{ Psbd} dfof u5{ r/ fn] . pm kmf] x/ df a: bg } . j/ k/ kmf] x/ ePdf a;fOF ;5{ . r/ fsf] lr/ la/ n ] b'Mv la;f{OlbG5 .

Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ s'/ f s] xf] eg] r/ f x] g{ pT;'stf / w} ot{ f x'g' k5{ . slxn] 3G6f}; + Dd r/ f e] l6Fb g} . slxn] % ldg] 6d} klg bh{gf} + r/ f b] lvG5g\ . ha cfkm"n ] vf] h s ] f] r/ f b] lvG5 ta xif{sf] l;df / xbF g} . lstfa, ufO{8, sfkL / b'/ lagsf] ;xof] un] zfGt eP/

r/ f x] gk{' 5{ . pgLx¿nfO{ afwf k'¥ofpg' x'bF g } . aRrf sf]/ Ng] ;do, hjfg x'bF f / a'9o\ f} nLdf r/ fsf] / u+ df kl/ jt{g b] lvG5 . ljb] zdf / fd|f ] k|rf/ ug{ ;s] d'ns ' leq r/ f ko{6g km: 6fpg ;S5 . r/ f cjnf] sgs} nflu eg] / jflif{s slt ko{6s g] kfn cfpF5g\ eGg] Plsg tYofªs s;} ;uF 5} g . k+IfL ;+/ If0f ;+3 -lal;Pg_sf k"j{ k|dv ' sfo{sf/ L clws[t x'daxfb'/ u'¿ªsf cg';f/ o: tf ju{sf ko{6s kfsf pd] / sf x'G5g\ . l/ 6fo{8 nfOkm latfpFb} u/ s ] fx¿ dlxgf}; + Dd a;] / r/ fsf] cWoog u5{g \ . xfO Sjfln6Lsf ko{6s ePsfn] w] / } vrf{n' klg x'G5g\ . g] kfnL ljBfyL{df r/ f cjnf] sg ug] { ;+: sf/ ljsf; x'bF 5 } . sf7df8f} +pkTosfdf

x/ s ] zlgaf/ k+IfL ;+/ If0f ;+3 / k|m 0] 8\; ckm a8{;n] cfnf] kfnf] ¿kdf a8{ jflrª u/ fpF5g\ .

To;afx]s d'ns ' sf ljleGg e"efudf g] r/ ufO8sf] ;'ljwf 5 . ltgsf] ;"lr j] j;fO6df kfpg ;s] / fd|f ] x'G5 . ljBfno txd} k+IfL ;+/ If0fsf] efjgf hufpg] vfnsf] lzIff lbg'kg] {lj1x¿sf] / fo hfoh b] lvG5 . r/ fk| d] Ln] ;+;f/ sf h'g;'s } s'gfdf a;] / klg Ps} lSnsdf g] kfnsf r/ faf/ ] hfgsf/ L kfpg ;Sg] jftfj/ 0f tof/ x'g ] ;s] ko{6s a9\g 5 ] g\ . ;/ sf/ n ] cem egf} + ko{6g af] 8n { ] cfkm\gf] j] j;fO6 … j n ] sd g] kfn 86 sdÚ df d'ns ' leq kfOg] r/ fx¿sf] la: tt[ hfgsf/ L / fv] / a8{ jflrª 6'l/ hd k|j4{gdf k|efjsf/ L sbd rfNg' k5{ . ;fy} k+IfL ;+/ If0f ;+3 / k|m 0] 8\; ckm a8{;n] klg l8lh6n dfs]l {6ªdf hf] 8 lbg} k5{ .

r/fsf] :ju{ k|fs[lts ;f} Gbo{n] el/ k0" f{ xfd|f ] b] z r/ fx¿sf nflu : ju} { xf] . xfd|f ] b] zdf r/ f x] gs { } nflu dfq eg] / slt ko{6s cfpF5g\ eGg] olsg tYofªs 5} g . cGo 3'dlkm/ ultljlwsf nflu cfpg] x¿n] ;d] t r/ f x] g {] u/ s ] f 5g\ . af3 x] g{ eg] / cfPsf] ko{6sn] af3 b] v g] eg] r/ fx¿ b] Vof] eg] klg / dfpg ;S5 . p;nfO{ cfaZos hfgsf/ L lbg ;Sg'k5{ xfd|f g] r/ ufO8x¿n] . xfdL g] r/ ufO8x¿nfO{ cfaZos tflnd lbO/ x s ] f 5f} + . xfd|f r/ fx¿af/ ] ljb] zdf / fd|f ] k|rf/ ug{ ;Sof} + eg] w] / } ko{6s leœofpg ;S5f} + . To;sf nflu xfdL

;+/ If0f ;Fu } ko{6gaf6 kmfObf lng kxn ul/ / x s ] f 5f} + . lOzfgf yfkf l;Ocf], k+IfL ;+/If0f ;+3

61

gofF uGtJo

emndNn /fOgf;sf]6 P]ltxfl;s sf]6, lxdfnL ns{g, u'?ª ;+:s[lt, cUof{lgs vfgf / ufpFns ] f] cflTdotfsf sf/0f 3'Dg} kg]{ uGtJo ag]sf] 5 ndh'ªsf] /fOgf;sf]6 .

u'

?ª hflt a;f] af; ePsf] cUnf] 8fF8f / fOgf;sf] 6df hDdfhDdL !$ kl/ jf/ sf] a;f]a f; 5 . !@ j}z fvsf] dxfe'sDkn] a: tLsf ;a} 3/ elTsP . cd] l/ sL gful/ s gtf;fsf] ;xof] udf ufpF -!,^%) ld6/ _ k'gMlgdf{0f cleofg rnfOof] . kl/ 0ffdM Ps} gf;sf !$ 3/ 7l8P . k'gMlgdf{0f kl5 e'OFrfnf] sf] kL8f e'n] / : yfgLon] / fOgf;sf] 6nfO{ ko{6g ufpF agfPsf 5g\ . clxn] ToxfFsf !! 3/ df xf] d: 6] ;'ljwf 5 . xf] d: 6] Joj: yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf v8\uaxfb'/ u'¿ªsf cg';f/ )&$ d+l;/ @@ ut] xf] d: 6] pb\3f6g ul/ Psf] lyof] . xf] d: 6] df %^ a] 8 5g\ .

P]l txfl;s sf] 6, lxdfnL ns{g, u'?ª ;+: s[lt, cUof{lgs vfgf / ufpFn] sf] cflTdotfsf sf/ 0f 3'Dg} kg] { uGtJo aGb}5 / fOgf;sf] 6 .

62

elQm yfkfsf] k|ltdf

ufpFaf6 wf} nflul/ , df5fk'R5] «, cGgk"0f{, dgf: n', 8f= xs{ lks, lxdh'nL, ndh'ª, af} 4 lxdfnb] lv nfª6fª >[+vnf b] lvG5 . ;"of] {bo / ;"of{: tsf a] nf lxdfn lrQfsif{s b] lvG5g\ . / fOgf; gu/ kflnsf–( df kg] {ufpFaf6 !) ldg] 6 kbofqfdf / fOgf;sf] 6 -!,&&% ld6/ _ k'luG5 . P] ltxfl;s ¿kn] klg / fOgf;sf] 6sf] dxTj 7"nf] 5 . / fOgf;sf] 6 b|Ao zfxsfnLg dflgG5 . 8fF8fdf sfnL / lzj dlGb/ 5g\ . u9Lsf eUgfjz] if 5Fb} 5g\ . To: t} ufpF d'lGt/ jL/ elQm yfkf;Fu hf] l8Psf ;Dkbf 5g\ . / fOgf;sf] 6sf] k"j{df / fx'[nsf] 6, klZrddf åf/ ] uf} +8f / blIf0fdf dfg] 8fF8f 5g\ . oL klg sf] 6 g} x'g\ . ufpFn] km/ fl;nf / cflTdo 5g\ . pgLx¿ cUof{lgs vfgf pTkfbg u5{g\ . 3/ 3/ } h;f] afv|f / s'v'/ f kfng ul/ Psf] 5 . ufO{ e} +;L kflnPsf] 5 .

;: tf] 5, &%) ?k} ofFdf j] nsd l8+S;, l8g/ , a] 8 / a|] skmf: 6 ;'ljwf kfOG5 . s;/ L k'Ug] M sf7df8f} +–8'd|] !$* lsld . 8'd|] –kfpFbL @@ lsld . kfpFbLaf6 pQ/ k"j{ !$ lslddf / fOgf;sf] 6 . a] lz;x/ / 8d|] af6 kfpFbL x'Fb} / fOgf;sf]6 eP/ Kof/ h'ª;Dd a; rN5g\ . kfpFbLaf6 dWofGx !@M#) ah], lbp;f] @ ah] / % ah] tL a; 5'6\5g\ . kfpFbL–/ fOgf;sf] 6 a;df !=% 3G6f . u'¿ª ;d'bfo ;f+:s [lts lx;fan] klg ;d[4 dflgG5g\ . pgLx¿ 3f6', ;f]/ 7L / ;] uf{ gfR5g\ . kfx'gfsf] dfu cg';f/ cfFugdf gfrufg u5{g\ . kfx'gfnfO{ klg grfpF5g\ . / fOgf;sf] 6 ufpFdf l9sLdf cGg s'6] sf] ,

hfFtf] df sf] bf] jf bfn lk;] sf] , b'w b'x] sf] , v] tLkftL u/ ] sf] / / S;L kf/ ] sf b[Zo cfFv} ;fd' b] Vg kfOG5 . xf] d: 6] df nf] sn kl/ sf/ kfS5 . bfneft, sf] bf] sf] l9F8f] / ;] n / f] 6L, gf/ ] kf -sf] bf] sf] / S;L_ cflb : jflbnf] x'G5 . xf] d: 6] Kofs] h

;Dks{ xf] d: 6] Joj: yfkg ;ldlt v8\u u'?ª– (*%^)$%!&& lai0f' u'¿ª– (*$^!@(!(@ k"0f{ u'¿ª– (*%^)$%@&%

63

sf];]nL

Onfd]nL lrgf] kxf8sL /fgL Onfdsf sf];n ] L x'g–\ aDa}zg, csa/] v';f{gL, 5'kL{, lrof, 3\o," x:tsnf, lsjL cflb . Onfdahf/, sGofd, /fFs,] cGt', dfOkf]v/L ;a}lt/ sf];n ] L 3/ 5g\ .

O

ndLx¿sf] sd{el" dsf ?kdf VoftL sdfPsf] 5 k"js { f] Onfdn] . Onfd] nLx¿ kf} / vL 5g\ .

ToxL kf} / v kf] lvG5 df6f] df . b] lvG5 e'uf] ndf . lrofaf/ L, cld|;f] , cb'jf, cf] ng -b"w_, csa/ ] v';f{gLnufot pTkfbg u/ /] cfly{s ;d[l4sf] e¥ofª rl9/ x 5 ] g\ pgLx¿ .

Onfddf 3'Dg] y'k }| 7fpF5g\ . Onfd ahf/ If] qd} 5g\ 3'Dg nfos ;] e g] kf] OG6\;x¿ x'g–\ Onfd ahf/ , Eo" 6fj/ , lrofaf/ L, dfO: yfg dlGb/ , efn'9u+' f, ;] tLb] jL / / fhb'jfnL . To;afx] s ;Gbsk'/ , dfOkf] v/ L, >LcGt'nufot y'k }| uGtJo 5g\ Onfddf . lrof v] tLsf] Oltxf; nfdf] 5 . a8fxflsd uh/ fhl;+x yfkfn] lj;+ !(@) df Onfd ahf/ dfly 8fF8fdf lrof aufg ;'¿ u/ s ] f lyP . Tolt a] nf ! ;o !* Ps8df / f l] kPsf] lyof] . lrof k|zf] wg sf/ vfgfrflxF lj;+ !(#% df ;'? eof] . cfh Onfdsf] %% xhf/ x]S 6/eGbf a9L hldgdf lrof v] tL 5, jflif{s !& nfv lsnf] eGbf a9L lrof pTkfbg x'G5 .

64

emfkfsf] rf/ cfnLaf6 &^ lsnf] ld6/ kf/ u/ d] f k'luG5 ;b/ ds ' fd Onfd ahf/ . rf/ cfnLaf6 # 3G6f a; ofqfdf k'luG5 ahf/ . ahf/ df ;'ljwfo'Qm xf]6 n klg 5g\ .

3'dlkm/ kl5 Onfdaf6 Nofpg} kg] { sf] ; n ] Lx¿df aDa} zg, nlnkk, csa/

] v';f{gL, 5'kL{, lrof, £o", x: tsnfsf ;fdfg / lsjL cflb k5{g \.

Onfdahf/ , sGofd, / fs F ,] cGt', dfOkf] v/ L ;a} lt/ 5of;\ 5of: tL kfOG5 sf] ; n ] L . aDa} zg sf7df8f}d + f kfOg] u'bF kfs h: t } xf] . b'waf6 aG5 nlnkk klg . cyf]8 { S;b] lv ;fdfGo lsl;dsf nf] sn lrof lsGg kfOG5 . v'Nnf ¿kdf a]R g / flvPsf x'g\ of crf/ sf ?kdf a§fdf / flvPsf] , lk/ f ] dg k/ fpg] x¿sf nflu csa/ ] v';f{gL / fd|f ] sf] ; n ] L xf] .

ljz] iftM kxf8L ufO{e; +} Lsf] b"waf6 ag] sf] 5'kL{ kfOG5 . vfFbf : jflbnf] . ltg} ufO{e; +} Lsf] b"waf6 ag] sf] £o" klg kfOG5 . st} st} e] 8fafv|fsf] pmgaf6 a'lgPsf] x: tsnf / / f8LkfvL klg kfOG5 . kl5Nnf] ;do Onfdsf kfvf kv] /f df lsjL kmn pAhfpg yflnPsf] 5 . l;hgdf lsjL klg kfOG5 . cem dfOkf]v / L If] qdf t l6Dd'/n ufot h8La'6Lsf] / S;L jif}e {/ L pknAw x'G5 . aDa} zg / nlnkk ufpF–ufpFdf ;d"xn] pTkfbg u/ /] / fd|f ] cfDbfgL lng yfn] sf 5g\ . Onfsf ko{6glj1 wd{ uf}t dsf cg';f/ cfh Onfdsf] l;sf] ub} {cGo s] xL lhNnfn] klg nlnkk pTkfbg ug{ yfn] sf 5g\ .

;+u|xfno

g] r/' n lx: 6L« Do'lhod kf] v/ f 3'Dg] qmddf k[YjLgf/ fo0f SofDk; xftfsf] … cGgk"0f{ g] r/' n lx: 6L« Do'lhodÚ 3'Dg 5'6fpg} x'bF g} . SofDk; ljbfsf lbgdf ;d] t ;+ux| fno v'n } x'G5 .

kf]

v/ f pkTosfdf 3'Dg} kg] { w] / } uGtJo 5g\ . em08} cfwf bh{g ;+Vofdf ;+ux| fno klg 5g\ . t/ , w] / h } ;f] 3'dGt] sf] gh/ df gk/ s ] f] Pp6f cfsif{s ;Dkbf xf] –cGgk"0f{ g] r/' n lx: 6L« Do'lhod . ;] tL gbL lsgf/ df cjl: yt k[YjLgf/ fo0f SofDk; xftfdf / x s ] f] ;+ux| fnodf ;lhn} b'O{ 3G6f latfpg ;lsG5 . o;df cGgk"0f{ If] qsf] ef} ulj{s Oltxf;, hLjgz} nL, r/ fr'¿ËL, hgfj/ , kTy/ , k'tnLnufot ;fdfgsf] ;+ux| 5 . d/ s ] f k'tnL, r/ f / s] xL hgfj/ nfO{ gs'lxg] u/ L lzzfleq ;hfOPsf] 5 . / fli6«o k+5L 8fFkm]; lxt % bh{g r/ f 5g\ . lrt'jfb] lv gL/ la/ fnf] ;Dd sl/ a ;o lsl;dsf hgfa/ 5g\ . ;fydf lrqsnf / d"lt{snf klg . ;+ux| fnosf] Oltxf; lk;sf] / : jo+; j] L 8f] / yL ld/ f ; ] uF hf] l8Psf] 5 . pgn] ;g !(^% df ;+ux| fno vf] ns ] L . pgL @)@) ;fndf kf] v/ f cfPsL lyOg\ . pgn] hLjge/ ;+ux| fnodf ;] jf ul/ g, 5fnfsf] SofG;/ n ] lkl8t 8f] / yL pkrf/ u/ fpg uPsf a] nf )%& ;nfdf cd] l/ sfdf laltg . pgsf] c: t' ;]t L gbLdf NofP/

aufOPsf] lyof] . ;+ux| fnonfO{ kl5 cGgk"0f{ ;+/ If0f If] q cfof] hgf -PSofk_n] : jfldTjdf lnP/ ;~rfng ub} {cfPsf] 5 . ;g\ !(*^ df : yflkt PSofkn] & xhf/ ^ ;o @( ju{ lsld If] qkmn ;d] 6 s ] f] 5 . ;+ux| fnosf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ cfsif{0f k'tnL klg x'g \ . g] kfndf ^^) y/ Lsf k'tnL kfOG5 . ;+ux| fnodf k'tnL ljz]i f1 sf] nLg l: dyn] ;+sng u/ s ] f %*^ lsl;dsf k'tnL ;+ul| xt 5g\ . ;+ux| fnosf] k|j z ] åf/ d } ljleGg hfthfltx¿sf sf7sf d"lt{ ;hfOPsf] 5 . ltgdf lxdfnL, kxf8L / t/ fO{sf afl;Gbfsf] emns b] lvG5 .

SofDk; xftfdf ePsfn] lbglbg} bh{gf} +ljBfyL{ ;+ux| fno

3'D5g\ . To; afx] s a;]g {L sl/ a tLg xhf/ ko{6s k'Ug] u/ s ] f 5g\ . ;+ux| fnosf sd{rf/ L cfgGb ;'j b] Lsf cg';f/ ;fj{hlgs ljbfsf lbg afx]s c¿ a] nf SofDk; gv'Nbf klg ;+ux| fno v'N5 . ;fdfGotM ;+ux| fno laxfg bz ah]b l] v lbp“;f] % ah] ;Dd v'N5 . lbp;f] !M#) b] lv @ ah] ;Dd cfwf 3G6f eg] aGb ul/ G5 . ;du|df kf]v / f pkTosf pTklQsf] syf a'‰g ;+ux| fno / fd|f ] cfFvL‰ofn xf] . o;n] dflg; / k|sl[ tnfO{ glhSofpg] sfd u/ s ] f] 5 . kf] v/ f 3'Dg] qmddf of] ;+ux| fno 3'Dg 5'6fpg' x'bF g} .

PSofkn] klg o;sf] / fd|f ] dfs]l {6ª ug{ ;s] a9L eGbf a9L ko{6s kfpg] lyof] .

;Dks{ cGgk"0f{ g] r/' n lx: 6L« Do'lhod ;Dks{ M )^!–%$!))^

65

;flxTo

…clZnntf x]g{] / a'em\g] b[li6sf]0f xf]Ú lgnd sfsL{ … lgxfl/ sfÚ

kf

Nkf, uf] 7fbL d'n3/ ePsL lgnd sfsL{ … lgxfl/ sfÚ s] xL jif{otf cd] l/ sfaf;L ag] sL l5g\ . … df} g hLjgÚ -@)%!_ pkGof;af6 ;flxlTos lrgf/ L a9fpg yfn] sL lgndsf syf, sljtf, pkGof; u/ /] Ps bh{g k|sflzt s[lt 5g\ . pgsf] ut jif{ k|sflzt … lr/ x/ 0fÚ / of] aif{sf] … of] udfofÚ pkGof; laifoa: ts ' f] P] ltxfl;stf / gofFkgsf sf/ 0f lgs} rrf{df 5g\ . cem of] k6s … of] udfofÚ pkGof;sf nflu dbg k'/ : sf/ kfPkl5 lgndsf] ;flxlTos gfdsfd r'lnPsf] 5 . n] vgdf s;/ L nfUg'eof] < n] v /] s] x'G5 h: tf] nfUYof] < d ;fg} b l] v ufpF3/ df ;'lgg] / kl9g] nf] s;flxTo v'a} ?rfpFy ,] kf} / fl0fs syf÷sxfgL klg dg k/ fpFy ] . slt;Dd eg] oxL syf÷sxfgLª sf] nf] edf d}n + ] dflyNnf] sIffsf] g] kfnL / Oltxf; lstfa klg vf] hLvf] hL k9\g yfn] sL lyPF . ^ sIffdf k9\b v } l] / Pshgf u'?cfdfn] ufpF3/ df Znf] s ufPsf] ;'g /] … dg' fdbgÚ vf] h /] k9] sL lyPF . ltg} u'?cfdfsf] 3/ df 5fgf] df l;pl/ P/ / flvPsf] lyof] … dg' fdbgÚ , WjfF;f] n ] 5f] lkPsf] lyof] . km] l/ kfgfx¿ klg k'/ } lyPgg\ . t} klg d}n + ] ?rLn] k9] + . c? s] xL xf] Og t/ , n] v /] dxfslj b] jsf] 6f, cflbslj efg'eQmh: t } of] hutdf -d/ /] uPkl5 klg_ gfdsfd / lx/ xG5 eGg] nf] e dgdf lyof] .

dg kg]{ s[lt != dfwjL — dbgdl0f bLlIft @= ;'lDgdf — aLkL sf]O/fnf #= lzl/ifsf] km"n — kfl/hft $= ;]tf] af3 — 8fodg zdz]/ %= b u'8 cy{ — kn{ P; as ^= ld;]h 8NjL — elh{lgof pNkm &= l;4fy{ — x/dg x]; *= kmfo/ cg b dfpG6]g — clgtf b]zfO

66

ufpF3/ df k':t s k9\g slQsf] ;xh lyof] < k': ts kfOGYof] < ufpFdf t To: tf] pkfo g} lyPg . P;Pn;L lbP/ eg] d g] kfnu+h÷alb{of cfOk'u +] . ToxfF cfP/ eg] g] kfn k|x/ Lsf] ;To syf÷36gfsf] a'nl ] 6g –klqsf_ k9\g ?rL x'GYof] . cg';Gwfgsf s'/ fdf hf;';L z} nL x'GYof], sxfgL klg / f r] s nfUYof] . g]k fnu+hdf gl;{ª k9\g yfn]k l5 eg] lxGbLsf … dgf] x/ sxflgofFÚ h: tf klqsf klg k9\g yfn]

+ . gl;{ª sn] hdf uPkl5 eg] klxnf]k 6s k':t sfnodf kx'rF eof] , h] klg vf] h /] k9\g kfOg] ;'ljwf ylkof] . % sIffdf k'uk ] l5 ufpF3/ df d : j: yfgL afrg ug{ hfGy] + . d] / f ] : j/ / no / fd|f ] lyof] . o;n] klg lstfa k9\g ] ef] s d] 6fpFYof] . tkfO{nfO{ dg k/ s ] f ;flxlTos s[ltx¿ kl5 uP/ s] s ] k9\g kfpg'eof] < dnfO{ Oltxf; / ;+: sl[ tsf lstfa v'a } dg kg]{ ePsfn] xf] nf dxfef/ t syf cfwfl/ t … rL/ x/ 0fÚ n] Vg ;s] + . … of] udfofÚ pkGof; klg Oltxf;dflysf] ;f] wvf] h g} xf] . dnfO{ dg kg]{ klg 8fOd08 zdz]/ -;] tf] af3, a;GtL_, dbgdl0f bLlIft - dfwjL_, afns[i0f ;d -k| d] lk08_ cflb x'g \ . … of] udfofÚ kfqsf] 5gf} 6 lsg / s;/ L ug'e{ of] < / l] 8of] g] kfndf d} n ] ;flxTo ;+;f/ df sfd ug{ k|f/ De ub}b { l] v-@)%#–%^_ d] / f u'? bfxfn o1lglw x'gx' G' Yof] . -ut ;fpg @% ut] pxf“ lbj+ut x'ge' of] ._ d}n + ] ut aif{ … lr/ x/ 0fÚ s[ltsf nflu kß>L k'/ : sf/ kfPkl5 dnfO{ … of] udfofÚ n] Vg] u[xsfo{÷cleef/ f lbg'ePsf] lyof] , o1gLlwHo"n ] . xfdLn] zf;sn] n] vfPsf] : tt' LnfO{ cS;/ Oltxf; eg] / k9\b} cfPsf 5f} +. Toxf“ hgtfsf] ;xL Oltxf; kSs} x'bF g } g} . xf], df6f] df hlGdPsf alnbfgLhgsf] Oltxf; xfdLn] df6f] d } 6] s /] n] Vg'k5{ . cGoyf ;xL Oltxf; klxNofpg w]/ } l9nf x'g 5 ] . tkfO{sf a'emfOdf n] vgsf] clZnttf s] xf] < of] x] g {] / a'em\g ] b[li6sf] 0fdf lge{/ / xg] s'/ f xf] . of} g dgf] la1fgsf] km] 6f ;dfP/ … Zj] t e} / jLÚ -aLkL sf] O/ fnf_n] rflxg] ;a} s'/ f elg/ x s ] f] 5 . … ;l' DgdfÚ s } of} g dgf] la1fg x] / f +} g, cyjf kfl/ hfts} … dn +} ] ghGdfPsf] 5f] / f Ú] df slt lzi6tf 5 < l;Sg'kg] { s'/ f of] xf] .

67

OGb|]0fL

%

s'/f

dlgtf b]jsf]6f ld; g]kfn -o'lge{;_ @)!*

k': ts M

d ljljw ljifosf k': ts k9\5 ' . cfTdljZjf; a9fpg] , ;sf/ fTds ;f] rdf ;3fpg] , Joj;flos, gg lkmS;g / g] tT[ j ljsf; ug{ d2t ug] {vfnsf k': ts k9\g ¿rfpF5 ' . ] f] 5' . clxn] … lb Doflhs ckm ly+lsª lauÚ k': ts kl9/ x s dnfO{ ld;] n cf] afdfsf] … lasldªÚ k': ts k9\g dg 5 . d pgsf] hLjgaf6 l;Sg rfxG5' . xfk{/ lnsf] k': ts … 6' lsn ] f] 5 . xfdL ;a} dfgj c dlsªa8{Ú n ] dnfO{ Psbd} k|efj kf/ s Ps} hflt xf} +eGg] o;n] l;sfpF5 .

e|d0f M gofF 7fpF 3'Dg / ;xfl;s ultljlwdf ;fd] n x'g ¿rfpF5 ' . ofqfdf ljleGg hfthfltsf kl/ sf/ rfVg dg nfU5 . d}n ] Sofg8f, cd] l/ sf, yfONof08 / lkmlnlkG; e|d0f u/ +] . g]k fnleqsf cGgk"0f{ a] ; SofDk, nfª6fª, ;u/ dfyf, / f/ ftfn nufotsf 7fpF 3'Dg rfxG5' . vfgf M

dnfO{ yl/ yl/ sf kl/ sf/ dg k5{ . t} klg O6flnog, d] lS;sg, g] kfnL / PlzofnL kl/ sf/ df / dfpF5 ' . df} ;d cg';f/ sf vfgf / f h ] fOdf k5{g \ .

3/ aflx/ ofqfdf x'bF f : yfgLo kl/ l: ylt, jftfj/ 0f / df} ;d x] / /] vfgf / f H] 5' . PlzofnL / i] 6'/F fdf a/ f a] / hfG5' . ;8s ofqfdf lrs] g ddM, : of08ljr, rf} ldg, ;df] ;f b]V bf lha|f ] / ;fpF5 . dlb/ fdf jfOg lk|o nfU5 .

klx/ g M

klx/ gn] JolQmTj emNsfpF5 . To;} n] ;'xfpFlbnf] sk8f nufpg' k5{ . 3/ leq jf aflx/ sf] jftfj/ 0f x] / /] klx/ g u5' { . ;fyLx¿;Fu aflx/ hfFbf lhG;, : sfkm{, cf] e/ sf] 6 cflb nufpF5 ' . sk8f jf uxgf lsGbf d a|f08 Vofn ulb{g, u'0f: t/ / l6sfp slQsf] x'G5, Tof] x] 5 {' . lsGg] lglZrt 7fpF 5} g, k|foM kf6g / c;g k'u/ ] lsgd] n u5' { .

l;g] df M

lkmNdeGbf a9L l6eL zf] x¿df / dfpF5 ' . / f d] sd, ;: k G] ;, PS;g / ;fOG;df ?lr 5 . rnlrq … lb AnfOG8 ;fO8Ú n] dnfO{ sfOG8g] ;sf] dxTj l;sfof] . dnfO{ clego ug] { df} sf ldn] df xof/ L kf] 6/{ sf] Hermione Granger e"ldsf ug] { dg 5 . s] lGb|st[ , k9Gt] / nlhsn Sof/ S] 6/ sf ¿kdf lrG5' xld{cf]g nfO{ . d pgL h: t } aGg rfxGy] + . dnfO{ lkmNd lgb]z { s aGg] OR5f 5} g .

68

Get Featured on Yatra!

Love that view out the aircraft window? Do you photograph journeys of your travels? Are you an #AVGeek with a knack for plane spotting? If you ’ve answered YES to these questions, now is the chance to share your travel photos with our readers! Simply: • Tweet to us on Twitter by tagging us @airbuddha. We will be happy to share them with all our wonderful flyers!

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80 years old grandfather with his oneyear old grandson at Biratnagar airport | Raj Pariyar

Best Photo

Ready to fly with you | Manoj Dhakal

tbt of the day that_Arthur was to the top of the world | #mozart.n3to

#SampadaDevkota #memorable | @sumandevkota

My first visit to_Lumbini with uncle and aunt begins with Buddha air on 12th of ocober. Thank_you Budda air for your warm hospitality and pleasent flight. You made our_tour much memorable. | Santosh Dhakal

I always prefer Buddha air While travelling around Nepal because i feel more safe and comfortable | Suman Prasai

During KTM Pokhara Trip | Manisha Khadka and Kelly Zhang

79

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Varanasi yatra

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